Test

mr
2 W5,6 7,8 Criticalpoints
Valuesof e where fCc 0
or f c is undefined
WEEK 5 localmaxima andlocalminima
localmaximum localminimum
Increasingand Decreasing Functions y fca differentiable at c differentiable at c
yislocal
Increasing f
a 70 forall u in Ca b f
CDlocalMax fCc minimum
offif
if fG Efcc fee Fcc
Decreasing f GD40 for all u in Cab ftp.o
i s
feeso
c i
c
FirstDerivativeTest fG so f o f so f Cx o
f Cc o local extremism
localmaximum flu Valueof f that is either a
localminimum localmax or a localminimum
Neither f x 0leftandrightof c onlywhen signof f x
f a co leftandrightof c changes through c

Concavity SecondDerivativeTest ExtremeValueTheorem

Au name down f Cn Lo localmaxAu Tofindtheabsolute extremismof f onan interval ab

Concave
up f n Io localmin V Dlocatethecritical pointsof f
2 Listthevaluesof u that mayyieldpossibleextremaof f
f n o inconclusive

Inflection Point Horizontal PO I Twoendpoints a b andany criticalpoint a b

fCc 0 AND gyp o f c 37EvaluateFEDateachofthesepoints ofpossibleextrema
seewhich is smallest and which is largest
f a changessigntothe Criticalpoint 4 Inspect
of f
leftand right of e largest absolutewax
absolutemin of
smallest
f
Maxima and Minima For functionsof SeveralVariables 1 Find criticalpoints evaluate values
localextremism Maxor min within domain 2 EvaluateMax and min of f to
a Trf or undefined not on boundary boundary 8D
Solvesimultaneously 5 Compare both values largest may
smallest mini
Second DerivativeTest

Hessian Matrix
saddlePoint
de H so
It
pieces a o yes fai
Lyfe De del H 0
localepoints
fan 0 minimum

Hessian matrix determinant

fme so maximum

Apply conditions
 Common
question in tests exams z fCny over a rectangular region

a f n f b C f yfd
1 Find critical pointsby solving Ff P
2 Evaluate Hessian matrix at critical points
y
3 Evaluate determinant Dc of 4matrix and compare fun e

f O

j changes point of inflection

check on both sides y
if sign changes Doesn't not a pointof inflection
change

Noinfo
O
Det H Lo Saddle point

Local minimum
7 0
O p
fun L o local maximum

l X
Itai a due
I ser
l
f sin G doc
il n
X

y G se y tax ax f xD

tan CID i j IT
off tan CED tu
cy
 WEEK 6 nth degree Tn degree close
Taylor Polynomials
of functions
of one variable f about a
approximation

f fffa
Tna n e fca t t't Cn a n a t n a

Useto approximate original functions

Cn I
f G a
f n k Tn a n 1,12mA n Rna x na
ErrorTERM
Taylor's formula Lagrange form not in formula sheet
To make error estimate as large as possible choose 2 between a and n
such that fat z is as large as possible

Taylorpolynomials for functions of true variables

Firsttwo terms in approximation fCmy
give equationof tangent plane to
surface 2 f nay at a b

INTEGRATION properties
yn y few b
Sab b b
fabfGolda Sbaflu du fG dxt fabf.cadx Jaab
f.c.p f.cnjgdn
a gabfgy µ
a e b
e son ja
or
Ha da O faabtcndn fafcddn
a fbffddn.ae
c
cab
l
a b
fabafenda clabfcnldu
FundamentalTheorem of calculus

labf a da Fcb Fca Feng

IndefiniteIntegrals If a doc FED c

Techniques of Integration
1 Substitution
2 Partialfraction decomposition
3 Byparts

SUBSTITUTION
cosC a cosG

Change of Variable Do BOTH

Change of limits definiteintegrals

TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION
e.g fsingedu fsinausinudu f l cos'Dsinudu
u swim or u cosme

Sinn eosin I
sink l cosh
cosh I suite y Sindy I I cos 2

Half angle formula cos 2n Zoos're I I 2sin2m

sin a I I cos 2x
Coste I cos zu 11
sin zu 2sinu cosu
cos a I It cos 2x
 Polynomial Dicision

Numerator Remainder
Denominator
Quotient 1 Denominator

TaylorSeries Error Notes

ERROR Rn a GD fGc Tna u

The differencebetween theactual functionof u and the approximated value

of function at n

At sea the polynomial TnaCx andthe function TnaCu overlap

fCa Tna a

Rn a a f a Tna a O

Rna a f a Tna a Tn a a f'Ca

Rna a 0
Thefirst n derivatives ofthe error function r a o
evaluatedat sea are equal to 0 R'Ia O

Ramnath
G f GD TnaGt G 1 cnn.to
o

aGD
Rnnt fCntDqj
Assume that f GD is bounded over the interval Ta b

I font a I fM
where
I fG z M
ire Max value of Ifc God is achieved at 2 2 where 2 E ab

tf keep integrating eventuallyget

Rna a I f z
Ge a
ntl
ntl
WEEK 7
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION

u angle

1 Reference Triangle
2 Changeof Variable
3 Apply trig identities
n 2tan u

HALF ANGLE SUBSTITUTION

dm 2
u tan Y re 2tan u changeof variable du l us du

Sinn 24 cogon l u
I 142 Itu

RATIONALFUNCTIONS BY PARTIAL FRACTIONS inthe exam

PGD
Rational function flu degCPGcDs deg QQ
QQ
cover the zero method
Care 1 Denominator has distinct linear factors method
equate the coefficients
case 2 Denominator has repeated linear factors

Case 3 Denominator has an irreducible factor of degree 2

Pcn Ai C at Cz
fx n a Cuzibn c n a neibn a

Polynomial Division's
Numerator Remainder
Quotient Denominator
Denominator

Integration byParts might needto apply more than once

Judu w f vdu
a du
Polynennell Exponential
Trig
Leg Polynomial
Inverse
Trig
 WEEK 8
Reimann sums andIntegrals Isubintervals betterapproximation

A EI f g ani syfftmge.tl A µpYY

o
fGilani

Reimann Sam ReimannIntegral

f boundedfunction
finiteinternal a b Sp f g dni
any partition fCcDDsej.P
j fbafloc doc ftp.ff
oj
n number of subintervals if limitexists f is integrable overTaib
Reimann
sumisthe function's integral
Volumes CrossSections
by
solid s rotating D regioninmyplane aboutthe n axis
Length of curve
A a Try V f A x DX
L fab fGD da
Radius I fabTy'd.ru
DOUBLE INTEGRALS
Volume of solid workfrom inside out

R Gay l a Ex E b ee y kd
b Volume solid below
dfGc.y
Jed fabffc.pex dy dn surface a fGuy and
f
f x y DA dy above R
a

Double integral over a bounded region

y ha
d TYPE I n f k
f a i Vertically simpleregion
w
g fora n C ab
y gn
R Guy as ne b g eye h n
c o
f my DA lab Ig flag dy dm
1
a
I
b µ
Integration on nonrectangular TYPE I i Horizontally simple region
ed
regions
c y f H y forall ye
Dsketch R ng Gy k n EHy cEyed
2 Determineintersections
5 Typeofnegrin Ior 1
etc
Jlpf myDA J 4 fGuy d dy
 Ve SDV f Tty dal
I
Volute solid formedwhen rotated around
of
the re axis

If around V Sturdy
y axis

Paraboloids 3D version of a parabola

General equation 2 asideby 1C

If a b O Bowl is

a b s O Bowl is A

WEEK 9 Double integrals

Can calculate the volume of a solid above a surface glee g

and beneath another surface hcn.cz

Vi gcn g DA
µ hcn.gl