Important Standards of Human Health Diseases and body parts affected

Phenomenon Standard Range Disease Body part affected

Pulse rate 72 pulses/min Glaucoma Eyes
Systolic - <120 mmHg Trachoma Eyes
Blood Pressure
Diastolic - <80 mmHg Scurvy Gums
20 to 25 Rickets Bones
Body Mass Index (BMI) or Quetelet index below 20 - underweight
Malaria Spleen
above 25 - overweight
Typhoid Intestine
Body temperature 37°C (98.6°F)
Goitre Thyroid
pH level of human blood 7.35 to 7.45
Gingivitis Gums
Eyesight 6/6
Grave's Diseases Thyroid
Normal Cholesterol level below 200mg/dL
Jaundice Liver
Tetanus Skeletal Muscles
Doctors and their specialisations Alzheimer's Disease Brain
Arthritis Joints
Doctor Specialisation Colitis Colon
Neurologist Nervous system Diphtheria Respiratory tract
Nephrologist Kidney Otitis Ears
Endocrinologist Endocrine glands Psoriasis Skin
Gastroenterologist Digestive system Vitiligo Skin
Hepatologist Liver, pancrease and biliary tree Leprosy Skin and Peripheral nerves
Haemotologist Blood
Rheumatologist Joints, muscles and bones
Pulmonologist Respiratory tract
Names of Vitamins
Oncologist Cancer
Dermatologist Skin
Form/Scientific Name Common Name
Pediatrician Infants and children
Retinol Vitamin A
Podiatrist Feet
Thiamine Vitamin B1
Riboflavine Vitamin B2
 Form/Scientific Name Common Name Longest bone in human body Femur (thigh bone)
Pantothenic Acid Vitamin B5 The volume of blood in an adult is 4.7 to 5 litres
Pyridoxine Vitamin B6 The total number of bones in human body is 206
Cobalamin Vitamin B12 The most common type of blood group is Type O+
Ascorbic Acid Vitamin C
Calciferol Vitamin D Scientific Names of Body Parts
Tocopherol Vitamin E
NOTE: Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E, retinol is a form of Vitamin A. Common Name Scientific Name
Collar bone Clavicle
Human Anatomy - Facts to remember Thigh bone Femur
Knee cap Patella
Longest bone in human body Femur (thigh bone) Shoulder blade Scapula
Smallest bone Stapes in the middle ear White blood cells Leukocytes
Hardest material in the human body Tooth enamel Red blood cells Erythrocytes
Strongest muscle Jaw muscle Oil glands Sebaceous glands
Largest external organ Skin Windpipe Larynx
Largest internal organ Liver Foodpipe Esophagus
Smallest gland Pituitary
Largest artery Aorta
Smallest blood vessel Capillary
Element most common in human body Oxygen (65%)
Mineral most common in human body Calcium
Glands and Secretions
Compound most common in human body Water
Pigment which gives a dark colour to the skin Melanin Gland Secretion
Epidermis (external layer of
Nails are modification of Corticotropin, Thyrotropin, Lutropin, Somatotropin, Prolactin,
skin) Pituitary Gland
Oxytocin
Muscles are attached to bones by connective tissues
Tendons Pancreas Insulin, Glucagon, Somatostatin, Pancreatic juice
called
Liver Thrombopoietin, Bile
Bones are attached to bones by Ligaments
Adrenal Glands Aldosterone, Cortisol, Epinephrine (or adrenaline), Norepinephrine
Sebaceous glands in human body secrete Sebum or oil
Ovaries Progesterone, Estrogen
Lachrymal glands in human body secrete Tears
 Gland Secretion
Testis Testosterone
Thyroid Thyroxine, Calcitonin.
Pineal Gland Melatonin
Stomach Gastrin
Small Intestine Cholecystokinin, Secretin