INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the specific gravity and API
gravity of oil which is divided into four types, which is lubricant oil, kerosene,
petrol and diesel. By using hydrometer and portable density meter, specific
density of each oil can be determined. The main objective of this experiment is
to determine specific gravity of oil using hydrometer and density meter and to
compare the specific gravity and API gravity of different oil. Assumption for this
experiment is the higher the value of specific gravity is, the higher the viscosity
of the oil.

THEORY

Specific gravity is a ratio of density, which is dimensionless. Specific gravity is

affected by temperature and pressure. If the SG is equal to 1, meaning that the
substances are naturally floating in water, if greater than 1, meaning it is denser
than water and will sink. Can assumed that the higher the specific gravity is, the
substances will sink deeper based on the substances and oil density.

In this experiment, the material that experimented was lubricant oil, kerosene,
petrol and diesel. After the specific density was determined, API gravity number
needed to be calculated by using the formula below.

While API gravity is a specific gravity that used to compare density of petroleum
liquid. For example, if one petroleum liquid is less dense than another, it has a
greater API gravity.