Space Vectors Representation

 Voltage and Current Space Vectors
 Physical Interpretation of Current Space vectors
 Space Vector Components
 Balanced Sinusoidal Steady‐State Excitation (Rotor Open‐Circuited)
 Relation Between Space Vectors and Phasors
 Voltages in the stator windings

© Copyright Ned Mohan 2010 1
 Space Vectors Representation of 
Combined Phase Currents and Voltages

 Mathematical concept
b  axis
120 o b
ib
At time t b'


is (t )  ia (t )00  ib (t )1200  ic (t )2400 a  axis
o
a ' i a 0
 Iˆs (t ) i (t )
a
s c'
ic
 c

v s (t )  va (t )00  vb (t )1200  vc (t )2400

c  axis
 Vˆs (t ) vs (t ) 240 o

© Copyright Ned Mohan 2010 2
 
Physical interpretation of  is (t )
N s  Ns 0 Ns 0 Ns

is (t )  ia (t )0  ib (t )120  ic (t )240  Fs (t )
0
2 2
 2 
 2 
  
  
 Fa (t ) Fb (t ) Fc (t ) at time t
 F (t ) ˆ
F (t ) magnetic axis of
is (t )  s  Iˆs (t )  s hypothetical winding
Ns 2 Ns 2 with current Iˆs

and  is (t )   Fs (t )
  a  axis
Fs (t ) and       are collinear  
i s (t )
 N s o  Iˆs
Bs (t )  is (t )
2l g
 Magnetic filed is produced by 
ia , ib and ic
combined effect of                  
but could equivalently be  phase b
magnetic axis
produced by hypothetical 

is (t )  is
winding current        at     o
30
phase a
magnetic axis

 helps in obtaining expression  is 
for torque Bs
phase c
magnetic axis

© Copyright Ned Mohan 2010 3
 Space Vector Components: 
Finding Phase Currents from Current Space Vector
b  axis
 3
Re is 00   ia  Re ib1200   Re ib2400   ia 120 o b at time t
        2
ib
b'
1 1
 ib  ic
2 2 a  axis
2  o 2 a ' i a 0
o
 ia (t )  Re(is 0 )  Iˆs cos is a
3 3 c'
ic
 3
Re is   1200   Re ia   1200   ib  Re ic 1200   ib
c

        2

1 1 c  axis
 ia  ic 240 o ia  ib  ic  0
2 2 2
projection   ic (t )
2  o 2ˆ  o

b  axis 3
 ib (t )  Re(is   120 )  I s cos  is  120  
3 3   is (t )

 3
Re is   2400   Re ia   2400   Re ib  2400   ic  ic
 
       


2 
is
a  axis
2
1 1 projection   ia (t )
 ia  ib 3
2 2
 projection 
2
 ib (t )
 ic (t )  Re(is   240 )  I s cos  is  240 

2 o 2ˆ o 3
c  axis
3 3  
© Copyright Ned Mohan 2010 4
 Balanced Sinusoidal Steady‐State Excitation 
(Rotor Open‐Circuited)

b 2 @ t 
imb @t  3
ima (t ) imb (t ) imc (t ) 3

Iˆm
ima t @ t   t  0
a 0

imc t  0
5
4 t 
c @ t  @
3

   
3
ima  Iˆm cos t ; imb  Iˆm cos t  1200 ; imc  Iˆm cos t  2400

ims (t )  Iˆm cos  t00  cos( t  1200 )1200  cos( t  2400 )2400 
 
 3
 ims (t )  Iˆms  t where Iˆms  Iˆm
 2
 Rotating MMF N s  3 Ns ˆ N
Fms (t )  is (t )  Fˆms  t where Fˆms  I m  s Iˆms
2 2 2 2
& Flux density   o  N s 
B (t )    ims (t )
 Constant amplitude ms  g  2
 

© Copyright Ned Mohan 2010 5
 Relation Between Space Vectors and 
Phasors
ima (t ) imb (t ) imc (t )
 Time domain
Iˆm t
0
t
ia (t )  Iˆm cos ( t   )

t  0
 Phasor ref

I a  Iˆm  
I ma  Iˆm   

 Space Vector @ t 0
 a  axis
3 
ims t 0  Iˆms    ; Iˆms  Iˆm 
2 ims  Iˆms   

 Space Vector  phasor
 3
ims t 0
 I ma
2

© Copyright Ned Mohan 2010 6
 Voltages in the stator windings
b Emc I ma
imb @ t 0
 
 I mc ems
eb I mb
 ima  Ema j Lm
  e ims
ec a  a Ema
 
imc
I ma
c Emb

d
ema (t )  Lm ima (t ) etc.
dt

Where the three phase magnetizing inductance (2 pole),Lm  3 o rl  N s 
2

2 lg  2 
  3 N s  
 ems (t )  j Lm ims (t )  j   rl  Bms (t )
2 2 

© Copyright Ned Mohan 2010 7
 Example
va  t   120 2 cos  t phase b

magnetic axis vs (t )

vb  t   120 2 cos  t  120  30 o

phase a
magnetic axis
vc  t   120 2 cos  t  240 
 60 o
im (t )

Bm (t )
 3 phase c
vs   120 2300  254.56 300 V magnetic axis
2

 
vs 254.56 (300  900 )
ims    0.869   600 A
j Lm 2  60  0.777

  N i 4  10 7  50  0.869   600

Bms  o s ms   0. 055   60 0
Wb / m 2
2 g 10 3

© Copyright Ned Mohan 2010 8
 Summary

Space Vectors
 Voltage and Current Space Vectors
 Physical Interpretation of Current Space vectors
 Space Vector Components
 Balanced Sinusoidal Steady‐State Excitation (Rotor Open‐Circuited)
 Relation Between Space Vectors and Phasors
 Voltages in the stator windings

© Copyright Ned Mohan 2010 9