The Terrible Tris

Getting a Face Full of Tribology

Lecture 1

Benjamin D. Leonard, Ph.D.

 Introduction
●
Tribology
●
Size scales
●
Lubrication, Friction and Wear
–
Key Concepts
–
Cage Match: Theory vs. Reality
●
Summary
What is Tribology?

Tribos
“To Rub”
(Greek)

Early Tribologist
 Sizes in Tribology
Human hair = 100 μm

Fluid film in a ball bearing = 1 μm

 Mommy, where does friction come from?

Dry Lubricated

Boundary Hydrodynamic
Asperity Asperity Welding
Interference
 The Stribeck Curve

●
Lubricated friction
●
Often used qualitatively
●
Friction vs. Film
Thickness vs. Lubricant
parameters
Cage Match: Stribeck Curve
Okay, good

Huh?

(DeLaurentis et al., 2016)

Wear do we start?

Wear

How Fast? What Happened?

Wear Law Wear Mechanism

Wear Mode
 Meng Studies Wear Models
Wear Modeling: Evaluation and Categorization of Wear Models
Ph. D. Thesis, University of Michigan, 1994
●
No perfect models
Stage Years
–
Accurate
–
Quantitative Empirical 1950-1970
–
Universal Mechanism Proposal 1970-1980
●
Trends Interdisciplinary 1980-1992+
–
“Macro” to “Micro” Category No. of Equations
–
Understand then subdivide
system Erosion 28
–
Interdisciplinary Sliding 154
 Archard’s Wear Equation

k Ranked #1
(By Usage)
W= P∗S
H
●
W Wear Volume
●
k: Wear coefficient
●
H: Material Hardness
●
P: Normal force
●
S: Sliding distance
Wear Modes or Mechanisms

Wear Mode Concept

Abrasive Asperities cut
Adhesive Asperities cold weld
Cracks from rolling or
Surface Fatigue
impact
Corrosion Sliding+Corrosion
 Cage Match: Wear Maps
Fretting regimes,
what a lovely theory

Oh, is that the data?

(Pearson and Shipway, 2015)

Lubrication Films
(Full and Broken) Hydrodynamic
Lubrication

Solid
Liquid
Gas OR
Semi-solid

Lubricant

Boundary
Lubrication
 Lubrication Regimes

Regime Characteristics
Dry No lubrication
Boundary Protective molecules bind to surface
Mixed Both boundary and full film
Hydrodynamic Conformal surfaces, full film
Elastohydrodynamic Nonconformal surfaces, full film
Cage Match: Film Thickness
Wow, our equations really work!

Under some conditions

 Key Points
●
Lubrication
●
Friction
●
Wear
●
It Depends
 References
●
Cen, H., Lugt, P., Morales-Espejel, G., 2014, “On the film thickness of
grease lubricated contacts at low speeds,” Tribology Transactions, Vol.
57, pp. 668-678.
●
De Laurentis, N., Kadiric, A., Cann, P., 2016, “The influence of bearing
grease composition on grease in rolling/sliding concentrated contacts,”
Tribology International, Vol. 94, pp. 624-632.
●
Meng, H.C., 1994, “Wear modeling: Evaluation and categorization of
wear models,” Ph.D. Thesis, University of Michigan.
●
Pearson, S.R., Shipway, P.H., 2015, “Is the wear coefficient dependent
upon slip amplitude in fretting? Vingsbo and Soderberg revisited,”
Wear, Vol. 330-331, pp. 93-102.
●
Vengudusamy, B., Kuhn M., Rankl, M., Spallek, R., 2016, “Film
Forming Behavior of Greases Under Starved and Fully Flooded EHL
Conditions,” Tribology Transactions, Vol. 59, pp. 62-71.Cen.