It is crucial to first determine what exactly puberty is. Puberty refers to the set of changes that children get through as they create the sexually mature adult structure. While these changes are mainly physical in nature, significant psychological, emotional and cultural changes also happen as youth adjust to their growing bodies. At this time, a girl’s ovaries and a boy’s testes will begin to function. Puberty occurs when a part of the brain called the hypothalamus begins to produce a hormone (gonadotropin) that has an effect on the testes and ovaries causing an increase sex hormone — estrogen in girls and testosterone in boys. Sexual and other physical maturation that occurs during puberty result from hormonal changes. As the child nears puberty, a gland in the brain called the pituitary gland increases the secretion of a hormone called follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This hormone then causes additional effects. In girls, FSH activates the ovaries to start producing estrogen. In boys, FSH causes sperm to develop. Puberty happens earlier at females rough age of 11 years older and at males in age of 13 years older. During puberty important gender features, the reproductive organs expand quickly. Lower gender features, these nonreproductive traits such (prenominal) as hips in girls and facial hair at boys development. Pubic hair and armpit hair develop at some (prenominal ) genders. Hormones are essential substances that are created by body thread and different hormones affect thoughts, emotions, and behavior. For most girls, the initial indication of puberty is breast growth, but it may take the development of pubic hair. As her breasts begin to develop, the woman can initially take smaller, strong, tender lumps (called buds) under one or both nipples; the chest paper can get larger and become less firm in texture over the next year or two. Black, rough, wavy hair can be on her labia (the folds of skin surrounding the vagina ), and subsequently, like fabric can be developing under her limbs. Menstruation also occurs in girls between the ages of 13- 18. In boys, the first sign of puberty is testicle growth, then penis and pubic hair growth. Boys develop facial hair, body odor, and lower voices during puberty. Some boys may develop some small breast buds during early puberty that is normal. They typically go away. During this time, the body's natural ability to produce estrogen increases. This is a result of the hormonal changes that occur during puberty.