Automobile

Mechanic
NVQ Level IV

Theory

M - 03
 fudÍhq,h - M-3 / isis,k moaO;sh Cooling System

tkaŠula ;=,Ü bkaOk oykfhka we;sjk

;dm Yla;sh hdka;%sl Yla;sh njg yer³u
isšf¿ fuysos we;slrk iÒmQÀK ;dm Yla;shu
m%fhdckhg .ekSug fkdyels f¿
C ksmojk ;dm Yla;sfhka jdÍ m%udkhla WIAK;aj md,kh
o i|yd bj;a lrk w;r hÒ m%udkhla wmf;ahdu o isš f¿
b;sµjk 25 ] muk m%udkh hdka;s%l Yla;shg mµjÀ:kh
lrhs
o
l
i
n
g
fufia ksmojk ;dm Yla;sfhka fldgila tkaŠfuys fldgia j,g Wrd.ekSu ksid tys WIaK;ajh by, hhs
tu WIaK ;ajh fldgia j,g Tfrd;a;= fok uÙgug jvd by, hdug fkdÜ mj;ajd .; hq;=h tfukau
S tkaŠu jvd isis,aj ls%hd lsŸfukao je,ela§h hq;=h tfia jqjfyd;a ;dmh wmf;a f.dia hdka;%sl Yla;sh
wvqf¿ fÒ wdldrhg tkaŠul mej;sh hq;= ksjerÜ WIaK;ajh tys ls%hdldŸ WIaK;ajh (Working Tempera-

y ture) f,i yÎkajhs

s by; wdldrhg tkaŠfuys WIaK;ajh md,kh lsŸu i|yd thg isis,k moaO;shla fhdod .kS ta i|yd
m%Odk jYfhka l%u folla Nd§;d f¿
t jdhq isis,kh Air Cooling
\j isis,kh Liquid Cooling
e
m jdhq isis,kh Air Cooling

fuu l%ufhaÜ tkaŠu jgd isis,k jr,a (Cooling

Fins) fhdod tajd u; jd;h .e“fukaa isis,a lsŸu
isšlrhs r:h OdjkfhaÜ tkaŠug b¢µfhka j¢k
jd;h u.ska th isis,a lsŸu isšf¿

fuhg jd;h iemhSu i|yd l%u folla fhdod .kS

r:h OdjkfhaÜ tkaŠug b¢µfhka j¢k jd;h u.ska
th isis,a lsŸu tla l%uhls

wfkla l%ufhaÜ jd;h iemhSu i|yd Õf,dajrh-

la fhdod.ekSu isÎlrhs fuu l%uh §Yd, tkaŠka
i|ydo we;eÒ§g fhdod .kS kuq;a fuhska tkŠka
WIaK;ajh ksjer¢j ;nd.ekSu wmyiq f¿ tkaŠfÒ
YÕoho jeÍh

2
M - 03
\j isis,kh Liquid Cooling fuu l%ufhaÜ tkaŠfÒ ;dmh bj;a lsŸu i|yd \jhla
fhdod.kS

tu \jh fÀÍfhagrhla yryd fmdÒm lsŸu u.ska

;dmh fÀÍfhagrhg ,ndfokq ,efÕ bkamiq fÀÍfha-
grh yryd jd; oyrdjla he³fuka th isis,a lrkq
,nhs C
fÒ i|yd uq,a ld,fha c,h fhdod.;a w;r ths-
ka tkaŠfÒ fldgia §Ldokh ³u jeks .eg- we;s§h o
tne§ka ta i|yd l+,kaÙ (Coolent) kue;s c,h ±Y%
ridhksl \djKh fhdod.kS o
\j isis,kfhaÜ thg fhdod .kakd c,h yd l+,kaÙ
\djkh is,skavr jgd ixirKh ³ug udÀ. rei-
l
la idod we; tajd c, l=yr (Water Jacket) f,i
yškajhs fÒjfha we;s \jh u.ska tkaŠfÒ ksmofjk
i
;dmh Wrd.kS
bkamiq tu \jh jdykfha b¢µmi we;s fÀÍfhagrh (Radiator) fj; fmdÒm lrhs ta i|yd c,
n
fmdÒ mh (Water Pump) fhdod .kS th lrle³u tkaŠu u.ska fn,aÙ yryd isšf¿ fuu c, fmdÒmh
u.skau fÀÍfhagrh yryd jd;h weo.kakd isis,k mxldj (Cooling Fan) o lrljkq ,nhs t§g
g
fÀÍfhagrhg tk WKqiqÒ c,h isis,a f¿ jdykh f¿.fhka odjkfhaÜ b¢µfhka j¢k iq<¬ u.skao
fÀÍfhagÀ c,h isis,a f¿

S
y
s
fÀÍfhagrh Radiator t
fÀÍfhagrh ;=,Ü th yryd .uka lrk WKqiqÒ c,fha we;s
;dmh fÀÍfhagÀ k, j,g Wrd .ekSu isšf¿ bkamiq tu k, e
yryd jd;h .uka lrjd isis,a lsŸu isš lrjhs fuh jeÍ¢hqKq
lsŸu i|yd tu k, jgd isis,k jr,a (Cooling Fins) fhdod jd;h m
.efgk f,day mDIaGh jeÍlr we;

fÀÍfhagrfha by, gexlsh (Upper Tank) yd my, gexlsh (Lower

Tank) hkqfjka fldgia folla we; fuu gexls hd lsŸu i|yd
f,day k, fhdod .kS
fÀÍfhagrfha k, yd isis,k jr,a iys; uOH fldgi
fÀÍfhagÀ fldarh (Radiator Core) k±ka y‰kajhs fÀÍfhagÀ
iEÜug ;U (Copper), ms;a;,(Brass), weó±kshÒ (Aluminum)
jeks f,day fhdod .kS k³k fÀÍfhagr j, by, yd my, gexls
iEÜu i|yd ma,diaÉla o fhdod .efka

3
M - 03
 isis,k mxldj Cooling Fan
fÀÍfhagrh yryd jd;h .uka lr³u i|yd isis,k mxldj
fhdod .kS th tkaŠu u.ska V - mÉhla (V-Belt) wdOdrfhka
c, fmdÒmho iu. lrljkq ,nhs

fÒ wdldrhg ls%hdlsŸfÒÜ fÀÍfhagrh yryd ks;ru jd;h

C weo .ekSu ksid tys we;s c,h WKqiqÒ ³ug mud f¿. tkÒ
tkaŠu ls%hdldŸ WIaK;ajhg taug mud f¿ fuh je,ela³ug
o kÒ tkaŠu ls%hdldŸ WIaK;ajhg tkf;la fÀÍfhagrh yryd
c,h fmdÒm ³u fyda th yryd jd;h weo .ekSu fyda md,kh
o l,hq;=h fÒ i|yd l%u lSmhla Nd§;d f¿
 isis,k mxldf¿ f¿.h md,kh lsŸu
l  ;ÀfudiageÙ jE,ajh fhdod c,h fmdÒm³u
i md,kh lsŸu

n isis,k mxldf¿ ls%hdldŸ;ajh md,khgo l%u lSmhla fhdodf.k we;

g §iafldaia *Eka (Viscous Fan) l%uh

bf,laÉ%la *Eka (Electric Fan) l%uh

S §iafldaia *Eka (Viscous Fan) l%uh

y
s
t
e
m fuu isis,k mxldjo tkaŠu u.ska mÉhla (Belt) fhdod
ls%hd lrhs kuq;a th uOHfha we;s §fYaI la,áphla u.ska
tkaŠka WIaK;ajhg wkqj tys f¿.h md,kh f¿

fuu la,áph ;=, is,slka f;,a (Silicon Oil) mqrjd we;

th uOHfha *Eka okavg iÒNkaO la,á ;eÉh msysghs

la,áph b¢µmi oa³ f,day škakla (Bi Metal Spring) fhod
we;

th fÀÍfhagrh yryd tk jd;fha WIaK;ajh jeÍjk §g ¢. yeŸu;a WIaK;ajh wvqjk §g

yels,Su;a isšf¿

ta wkqj we;=,; we;s jE,ajhla lS%hdlr is,slka f;,a la,á ;eÉh iu. iamÀI ³u md,kh lrhs
tu.ska tkaŠka WIaK;ajh by, hk§g mxldf¿ f¿.h jeÍf¿

WIaK;ajh my, hk§g mxldf¿ f¿.h wvqf¿

4
M - 03
bf,laÉ%la *Eka (Electric Fan) l%uh

fuu l%ufhaÜ isis,k mxldj ls%hdlr³u i|yd §Î,s fudagrhla

fhdod .kS th ls%hd;aul jkafka tksŠfÒ ls%hdldŸ WIaK;ajh
blaujqjfyd;a muks

ls%hdldŸ WIaK;ajhg m;ajQ nj oek.ekSu i|yd fuhg C

WIaK;ajhg wkqj ls%hdlrk ia§phla fhdod .kS th
;ÀfudiageÙ ia§Ö(Thermostat Switch) f,i yÎkajhs o
tksŠfÒ ls%hdldŸ WIaK;ajh blaujQ iekska fuu ia§ph o
iÒNkaO³ isi,s k mxldjg §š,sh imhd th ls%hd ;aul lrjhs
l
fuu wdldrhg moaO;sh ksÀudKh
l,fyd;a fudagrhg ,nd.kakd uq
i
§š,s Odrdju ;ÀfudiageÙ ia§ph
yryd .uka lrhs
n
tfia jqjfyd;a fuu ;ÀfudiageÙ
g
ia§ph bla ukska ms,siaiS hd yels
w;r th je,ela³ug kÒ tu ia§ph
§Yd,j iE¢h hq;=h
S
tne§ka fuhg ms,shula f,i
moaO;shg µf,a (Relay) keu;s Wm-
y
lrKh fhdod .kS s
tu.ska ia§ph l=vdjg iEÜu;a
fudagrhg fhdok by, Odrdjla
t
imhk jhÀ m%udKh wju lsŸu;a
isšlrf.k we;
e
µf,a Relay
m
µf,a tlla hkq l=vd §š,s Odrdjla
u.ska ls%hd;aul l,yels ia§phls
fuu ia§ph yryd jeÍ §š,s Odrdjla
he§h yels w;r th l=vd §š,s Odrdj
u.ska md,kh l,yel fuh ls%hd
lr³u i|yd §oHq;a pqÒNl |¬rhla
fhdod .kS

hlv fldgila u; T;k ,o §š,s

|¬rhlska fuh ksmojd ;sfÕ |¬rhg
§š,sh iemhQ §g hlv fldgi
pqÒNlhla njg m;a³ by,ska we;s
f,day m;=r my;g weo .ekSfuka
tys iamÀYl ;=vq iÒNkaO f¿ tu ;=vq
yryd jeÍ §š,s Odrdjla he§h yel
fuu ;=vq iÒNkaO jkafka |¬rhg
§š,sh imhd we;s§g muks

5
M - 03
 §š,sfhka ls%hdlrk isis,k mxld mµm:hg µf,a fhdod .ekSu

fuysÜ my; wdldrhg µf,a tflys |¬rh yryd ;ÀfudiageÙ ia§phg §š,sh imhd we; tkaŠfuys
ls%hdldŸ WIaK;ajh blaujd f.dia ;ÀfudiageÙ ia§ph iÒNkaO jQ iekska µf,a tflys |¬rh pqÒNlhla
njg m;a³ tys by, we;s iamÀYl ;=vq iÒNkaO lrhs

C t§g tu ;=vq yryd fudagrhg wjYH by, Odrdj .,d f.dia isis,k mxldj ls%hd;aul f¿ tkaŠfuys

o WIaK;ajh my, hk§g ;ÀfudiageÙ ia§ph kej; §ika¨ jk w;r

o t§g µf,a t flys |¬rfha pqÒNl;ajh ke;s³fuka by, we;s iamÀYl ;=vq §ika¨³ fudagrhg §š,sh
l iemhSu k;r f¿ t§g isis,k mxldj k;r f¿

i
n
g

S
y
s
t
e
m isis,k fmdÒmh Water Pump

6
M - 03
\j isis,kh iys; tksŠka j, th WKqiqÒ jk§g tys is,skavr jgd we;s c,ho WKqiqÒ f¿ t§g tu
isis,k c,h fÀÍfhagrh yryd fmdÒm l,hq;=h fÒ i|yd isis,k moaO;shg fmdÒmhla fhdod .kS

fuu fmdÒmfha we;s bÒms,rh (Impeller) tkaŠu u.ska mÉhla wdOdrfhka lr ljkq ,nhs t§g tys
uOHfha we;s c,h thska msg;g §islrkq ,nhs th flaka\dmidŸ n,h u.ska isÎf¿ tfia msg;g §isjk
c,h th jgd we;s fmdÒm n| u.ska tla ¢Ydjlg yrjd c,h fmdÒm ³u isÎlrhs
C
fuu bÒms,rh i§³ we;s okav fnhdµka (Bearing) u; msysgd we; wfkla mi we;s c,h fnhdµka ;=,g
hdu je,ela ³ ug tys uOHfha c, uq\djla (Water Seal) fhdod we; fuu uq\dj f.³ .shmiq th wi,ska
msg;g ;nd we;s isÎrla yryd c,h msg;g me±fka tu.ska c, uq\dj f.³ we;s nj olajhs tysÜ fmdÒmh
o
wó;ajeÍhd l,hq;=h tfy;a l=vd m%udKfha k³k fmdÒm wó;a jeÍhd l, fkdyels f,i ksmojd we; o
l
fÀÍfhagÀ mSvk mshk Radiator Pressure Cap i
uq,a ld,fha fÀÍfhagrhg c,h mqrjk isÎr jeiSu i|yd
idudkaH mshkla fhdok ,o w;r fÀÍfhagrh r;ajk §g n
tys we;s c,h m%idrKh ³ msg;g hdu ksid jµka jr fÀÍf-
ha grhg c,h fhÜug isÎf¿ ;jo tkaŠfÒ isis,k c,h g
fi,aishia wxYl 100 Ü jdIam ³ bj;a jk ne§ka tksŠfÒ
ls%hdldŸ WIaK;ajh by, oe¦ugo fkdyels f¿

fuhg §l,amhla f,i fÀÍfhagrhg mSvk mshkla (Pres-

sure Cap) fhdok ,Ü fuh u.ska fÀÍfhagrh ;=, we;s c,h
S
WKqiqÒ ³ mµudj jeͳfÒÜ msg;g fkdhk f,i Îkakla
fhÎ mshkla u.ska uq\d lrf.k is“ t§g fÀÍfhagrh ;=,
y
c,fha mSvkhla we;sf¿ c,fha mSvkh jeÍl, §g c,h
jdIamjk WIa K;ajh (Boiling Point) by, hhs tkÒ s
c,h fi,aishia wxYl 100 g r;ajqjo jdIam jkafka ke;
fuu l%uh u.ska c,h bj;a³ulska f;drj tkaŠfÒ
t
ls%hdldŸ WIaK;ajh by, keka§h yel fuu mSvkh
;jÎrg;a by, .shfyd;a mshfka we;s Îkak yl=ójd f.k e
mSvk jE,ajh (Pressure Valve) §jD; ³ jeÍ mSvkh msg;g
ksoyia lrhs m

fuu fÀÍfhagÀ mSvk mshk uOHfha o l=vd rsla; jE,ajhla (Vacuum Valve) fhdod we; th u.ska fÀÍf-
hagrh isis,a ³fÒÜ t;=, we;sjk µla;hg jd;h we;=,a³u isÎf¿

fuu mSvk mshkays mSvk jE,ajh §jD; jk mSvkh i<l=Kq lr we; th 0’9 - 1’1 wdÜ f,i olajhs fuysÜ
w.h ndÀ (bar) keu;s tallfhka olajd we;

7
M - 03
 fÀÍfhagÀ mSvk mŸlaIlh Radiator Pressure Tester

fuh u.ska isis,k moaO;sfha c,h ldkaÎ³Ò yd

fÀÍfhagÀ mSvk mshfka fodaI fi³u lrkq ,nhs

C fÀÍfhagrhg iÒmQÀKfhka c,h mqrjd thg

mŸlaIlh i§lr jd;h mqrjd mSvkh l,hq;=h tys
we;s ¦grh u.ska fÀÍfhagrh ;=, mSvkh fmkajhs
o
o ¦grfha mdGdxlh wvqjkafka kÒ fyda c,h ldkaÎ
jkafka kÒ fuhska yÎkd .; yel mSvk mshk mµlaId

l lsŸfÒÜ mŸlaIlhg i§lr jd;h msr³fuka th

§jD; jk mSvkh ¦grfhka olajkq ,nhs

i by; wdldrhg fÀÍfhagrhg mSvk mshkla fhdod we;s§g t;=, mSvkh jeͳfÒÜ tu c,h mSvk
jE,ajh yryd msg;g .,d hhs isis,a ³fÒÜ fÀÍfhagrh ;=, mSvkh wvq³ µla; jE,ajh yryd fÀÍfhagrh
n ;=,g jd;h weo.ekSu isÎf¿ tne§ka fÀÍfhagrfha c, uÙgu l%ufhka wvqf¿ fuh je,ela³ug fÀvfha-
grfhka msg;g tk c,h gexlshlg fhduqlrkq ,nhs th wdldr follg Nd§;d f¿
g
wu;r gexls l%uh Reserve Tank Type
m%idrk gexls l%uh Expansion Tank Type

S
y wu;r gexls l%uh Reserve Tank Type

s fuu l%ufhaÜ fÀÍfhagr mSvk mshk yryd ms-

g;g tk c,h wvla c,fhka mqrjd we;s gexlsh-
t lg fhduqlrhs

e fÀÍfhagrh ;=, mSvkh jeÍjk §g mSvk msh-

fkys mSvk jE,ajh §jD; ³ tys c,h gexlshg
m hdu;a fÀÍfhagrh isis,a³ mSvkh wvqjk§g
µla; jE,ajh §jD;³ c,h fÀÍfhagrh fj;
tau;a isÎf¿

tu.ska fÀÍfhagrfha c,h wvq fkd³ ld,hla

mj;ajd .; yel

8
M - 03
m%idrk gexls l%uh Expansion Tank Type
fuu l%ufhaÜ fÀÍfhagrh u; mSvk mshkla i§
fkdf¿ th msg;ska we;s gexlshla u; i§f¿

fÀÍfhagrfhka msg;g tk c,h tu gexlsfha

m;=f,ys we;s k,hlska thg we;=ó f¿
C
fÀÍfhagrh ;=, mSvkh jeÍjk §g tys c,h
gexlsh fj; f.dia t;=, mSvkh jeÍf¿
o
tu mSvkh mukg jvd jeÍjqjfyd;a gexlsfhys o
by, we;s jd;h mSvk mshfkys mSvk jE,ajh
§jD;³ msg³ hhs l
isis,a jk§g t;=, mSvkh wvqjk w;r t§g mSvk
mshfka µla; jE,ajh yryd gexlshg jd;h we;=ó
i
f¿
n
g
isis,k moaO;shg ;ÀfudiageÙ jE,ajhla (Thermostat Valve) fhÜu
isis,k moaO;shg fhdod we;s c, fmdÒmh u.ska fÀÍfhagrh yd
tkaŠu w;r fkdlvjd c,h fmdÒm lrhs fÒ fya;=fjka tkaŠu-
la mK.ekajQ miq ls%hdldŸ WIaK;ajhg me±kSug mudf¿ th S
blaukska tu WIaK;ajhg .ekSug kÒ c,h fÀÍfhagrh fj;
hdu je,ela§h hq;=h tu WIaK;ajh blaujQ miq kej; fÀÍfha- y
grh fj; c,h hjd isis,a l, hq;=h

fuu ls%hdj i|yd isis,k moaO;shg ;ÀfudiageÙ jE,ajh fhdod

s
.kS th u.ska tkaŠu isis,a wjia:df¿ fÀÍfhagrh fj; c,h
.uka lrk k,h jid,hs t§g tkaŠka n| ;=,u c,h fmdÒm ³u
t
isÎf¿
e
tkaŠu ls%hdldŸ WIaK;ajhg me±ƒmiq jE,ajh §jD; ³ fÀÍfha-
grh yryd c,h fmdÒmlr isis,a lsŸu lrkq ,nhs m

9
M - 03
C
o
tkaŠu isis,a wjia:dj
o
l
i
n
g

S
y
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t tkaŠu WKqiqus wjia:dj

e
m

10
M - 03
;ÀfudiageÙ jE,ajh Thermostat Valve

fuu jE,ajh wdldr follg ksÀudKh lrkq ,nhs

fnf,da jÀ.h Below Type

jelaia jÀ.h Wax Type
C
fnf,da jÀ.h Below Type

fuu jÀ.h ;=kS ;U fyda ms;a;, f,dayfhka

o
ksmojd we; fuh ;=, jdIamYS,S \jhla wvx.=
lr uq\d lr ;sfÕ
o
isis,a wjia:df¿Ü fuh yels,S mj;S t§g l
fÀÍfhagrh fj; c,h f.khk udÀ.h fuh
u.ska jid,hs i
fuysÜ c, fmdÒmfhka fmdÒm jk c,h rEmfha
mµ¢ w;=re udÀ.h (Bypass Line) yryd kej;
n
c, fmdÒmh fj;u ,ndfoa
g
tu.ska tkaŠka n| ;=,u c,h fmdÒm³u isÎf¿
tne§ka tkaŠfuys WIaK;ajh blaukska by, hhs
ls%hdldŸ WIaK;ajhg wd§g jE,ajh ;=, we;s \jh jdIam³ t;=, mSvkh jeͳu ksid th ¢. yefÀ t§g
jeiS we;s fodrgqj §jD; ³ c,h fÀÍfhagrh yryd hk udÀ.h §jD; f¿ tu.ska c,h isis,a lsŸu S
isÎlrhs t§g fÀÍfhagfha isg tkaŠu fj; .,d tkafka isis,a c,h ne§ka tkaŠfuys WIaK;ajh my, hhs
y
fufia WIaK;ajh my, hk§g ;ÀfudiageÙ jE,ajh kej; l%ufhka jeiS hhs t§g fmr mµ¢ kej; tkaŠ-
ka n| ;=,u c,h fmdÒm f¿ fuu ls%hdj,sh fkdlvjd isšfj±ka tkaŠu ksjer¢ ls%hdldŸ WIaK;ajfha
s
;nd.kS
t
jelaia jÀ.h Wax Type
fuu ;ÀfudiageÙ jE,aj ls%hdlr³u i|yd e
§fYaI bÉ jÀ.hla fhdod .kS
m
fuu bÉ rEmfha mµ¢ jE,ajh uOHfha we;s
f,day l=“rh yd rnÀ wdjrKh w;r mqrjd
we; tu rnÀ wdjrKh ;=, fÙmÀ yevfha
f,day okavla .s,ajd we;

isis,a wjia:df¿Ü fuh .s,S mj;S my;ska we;s

Îkak thg WmldŸf¿ fuysÜ fodrgqj jeiS we;s
ne§ka isis,k c,h w;=re udÀ.h yryd tkaŠ-
ka n| ;=,u .uka lrhs

c,h WKqiqÒ jk§g jE,ajh ;=, we;s bÉ m%idrKh ³u ksid rnÀ wdjrKh f;rmSulg ,la lrhs
t§g t;=, we;s fÙmÀ yevfha f,day okav msg;g ;,aó f¿ tysÜ th by,g hd fkdyels ne§ka f,day
l=“rh my;g ;,aó f¿ t§g fodrgqj §jD; ³ WKq iqÒ c,h fÀÍfhagrh fj; hjhs fuysÜo fmr
mµ¢u isis,k l%shdj isšfj±ka tkaŠu ksjer¢ ls%hdldŸ WIaK;ajfha ;nd.kS

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 isis,k moaO;shg l+,kaÙ (Coolant) fhÜu

isis,k moaO;s i|yd c,h Nd§;d lsŸfÒÜ tkaŠka fld-

gia ksmojd we;s hlv weó±kshÒ jeks f,day §Ldokh
lrhs tfukau YS; rgj,Ü isis,k moaO;sfha c,h ±Üu
ksid tkaŠu mk.eka³fÒÜ c, fmdÒmhg ydks f¿

C ;jo c,h ±ÜfÒÜ mµudfjka jeͳu ksid tkaŠka n|

msmsŸfÒ wjodkulao we;

o fuu fodaI je,ela³ug c,h ±Üu je,ela§h hq;=h fÒ

i|yd uq,skau fÀÍfhagÀ c,hg uOHidr (Alcohol) ±Y%
o Protected with
antifreeze
Water only lrk ,Ü thsska c,h ±Üu je,l=ko uOHidr jdIam³
bj;a ³u;a ±f,ka jeÍ ³u;a .egójla §h
l fÒ i|yd mŸlaIK lswŸfÒÜ t;s,Ska .a,hsflda,a (Ethylene Glycol) keu;s ridhksl Îdjkh fidhd.
kakd ,Ü fuh c,h iu. ±Y% lr fhÜfuka c,h ±fok WIaK;ajh iDK w.hka olajd my, hk
i ,Ü tfukau fuu \djKh u< ne|Su j,lk .=Kfhkao hq;=jk f,i ksmo³fuka tkaŠfuys fldgia
wdrlaId³uo isΧh
n wmrg ;=, Nd§; jk jdyk i|yd c,h ±ÜfÒ .egójla n, fkdmdhs kuq;a f,day fldgia §Ldokh
³fÒ .egój ;¢ka mj;S tne§ka th je,ela³ i|yd l+,kaÙ fhÜu w;HjYH f¿ tysÜ 1#1 wkqmd;hg
g c,h yd l+,kaÙ ±Y% lr fhÜu iEfya YS; rgj,Ü fuu l+,kaÙ m%udKh jeÍl, hq;=h fuu l+,kaÙ
\djkfha we;s ridhkl .=K l,ahdfÒÜ fjkiajk ne§ka wjqreoaolg jrla wó;ska fh¢hhq;=f¿

tkaŠka WIaK;aj oÀYlh Engine Temperature Indicator

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tkaŠfuys isis,k moaO;sh u.ska th ksjer¢ ls%hdldŸ WIaK;ajfha ;nd .ekSug fldgia .kkdjla fhdod
.kStajdhska hÒ fldgil fodaIhla we;sjqjfyd;a ls%hdldŸ WIaK;ajh fndfyda§g by, hhs

tysÜ tkaŠug b;d nrm;, ydks isΧh yel tjka wjia :djlÜ tanj µhÎre yg oek .ekSu i|yd
tkaŠfÒ mj;sk WIaK;ajh olajk ¦grhla µhÎre b¢µfha i§lr we; fuu moaO;sh ls%hdlr³u i|yd
i|yd l%u folla Nd§;d fjhs
jdIamYS,aS \jhla u.ska ls%hdlrk tkaŠka WIaK;aj oÀYlh

§Î,sfhka ls%hdlrk tkaŠka WIaK;aj oÀYlh

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jdIamYS,aS \jhla u.ska ls%hdlrk tkaŠka WIaK;aj oÀYlh

fuysÜ jdIamYS,aS \jhla u.ska WIaK;ajh wkqj

we;sjk mSvkh wdOdrfhka mSvk udkhla ls%hdl-
rjd th u.ska WIaK;ajh oela³u isÎ lrhs

ta i|yd jdIamYS,S \jh wvx.= f,day n,anh tkaŠ-

fuys isis,k c,h ;=, .s,ajd we; tys isg jdIamYS,S C
\jh k,hla u.ska mSvk udkhg iÒNkaO f¿

tkaŠka WIaK;ajh by,hdfÒÜ ta wkqj \jh

o
jdIam ³ k,h yryd mSvk udkh ls%hdlrjhs th
WIaK;ajh olajk fia i,l=Kq lrwe;
o
§Î,sfhka ls%hdlrk tkaŠka WIaK;aj oÀYlh l
fÒ i|yd WIaK;ajh wkqj m%;sfrdaOh fjkiajk ixf¿olhla (Sensor) fhdod .kS
i
fuu ixf¿ol PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) yd NTC (Negative Tempera-
ture Coefficient) hkqfjka jÀ. folls n
NTC jÀ.fha §fYaI;ajh jkafka WIaK;ajh jeÍjk§g tys m%;sfrdaOh wvq³ t;=,ska
.,dhk Odrdj jeÍ ³uhs
g
PTC jÀ.fha §fYaI;ajh jkafka WIaK;ajh jeÍjk§g tys m%;sfrdaOh jeͳ t;=,ska
.,dhk Odrdj wvq ³uhs

fuhska tkaŠka WIaK;ajh oela³u i|yd NTC jÀ.fha ixf¿ol nyq,j fhdod .kS
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fuu ixf¿olh tkaŠfÒ isis,k c,h ;=, .s,S isÉk f,i i§lr we; fuhg Odrdj uksk we±mshÀ
¦grhla yryd §Î,sh imhd we;
fuysÜ WIaK;ajh jeÍ jk §g ixf¿olh ;=,ska .,dhk Odrdj jeͳ weÒmshÀ ¦grfhys oÀYlh
by, kkajhs WIaK;ajh wvqjk §g Odrdj wvq³ oÀYlh my; fy,hs

fuu ¦grh WIaK;ajh olajk f,i l%udxlkh lr we;

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