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Quiz
Differentiate isometric, dimetric
and trimetric.

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Industrial process piping involves the
used of piping to transport fluids
between storage tanks and processing
equipment.

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 The field of pipe drafting and design includes:
 Power plants
 Petrochemical complex
 Pulp and paper plants
 Fertilizer plants
 Pipe systems for hospitals and high-rise office buildings
 Pharmaceutical plants
 Food and beverage plants
 Synthetic fuel plants
 Offshore platforms
 Water treatment facilities
 Pipeline installations
 Environment waste disposal

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  Pipe drafting utilizes many different types of
drawings:
 Flow diagrams
 Structural and site plans
 Mechanical and instrumentation drawings
 Pipe can be drawn in two forms: double line & single
line.

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 Single-line Double-line
Drawings (time Drawings (easiest
saving method) to interpret)

The centerline is Used extensively

used to represent by equipment
the pipe manufacturers

Used to portray
Standard pipe
large diameter
symbols are used
pipe

Pipe & fittings are

drawn as heavy
6 lines
 Piping drawings show the size and location of pipes,
fittings,
fittings and valves
valves. A set of symbols has been developed to
identify these features on drawings.

All equipment, fittings, dimensions and notes are shown

on this type of drawing.

The two types of projection used in plumbing and piping

diagrams are projection orthographic and isometric
(pictorial).
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 An orthographic drawing that shows all of the pipe and fittings
needed to assemble a segment of piping

Orthographic pipe drawings can be:

- single-line drawings: the centerline which represent the pipe
is drawn as a thick line and add valves and fittings, OR
- double- line drawings: each valve and fitting that are required
in piping system

Drafters usually use single-line drawings to shows the

arrangement of pipes and fittings (drawings take less time and
show all information required to layout and produce a piping
system)
8 NOR FAUZIAH ZAINUDIN
 Drafters usually use single-line drawings to shows the
arrangement of pipes and fittings (drawings take less time
and show all information required to layout and produce
a piping system)

Double-line drawings are generally used in applications,

such as catalogs, where visual appearance is more
important than drawing time (require more time to draw)

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 Single-line orthographic
drawing

Double-line orthographic
drawing

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 Isometric pipe drawings use to draw for all pipes bend in
more than one plane.
plane

Apply either the single-line or double line method.

The finished drawings are easier to understand in

pictorial format than as orthographic line drawings.

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 Single-line isometric pipe Double-line isometric pipe
drawing drawing

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  Piping system includes:
 Pipe
 Fittings (e.g. elbows, reducers, branch connections, etc.)
 Flanges, gaskets, bolting
 Valves
 Pipe supports

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  Concrete
 Glass
 Lead
 Brass
 Copper
 Plastic
 Aluminum
 Cast iron
 Carbon steel
 Steel alloys

Each material has limitations that may make it inappropriate for a given
application.

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  Produce change in geometry:
 Modify flow direction
 Bring pipes together
 Alter pipe diameter
 Terminate pipe

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 Models are often used to illustrate and troubleshoot the
layout of a piping system

Operators can be trained on the piping system using a

model.

Today 3-D CAD models are being utilized.

21 NOR FAUZIAH ZAINUDIN

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 A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used
in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general
flow of plant processes and equipment.

PFD will contains the following information:-

- All major pieces of equipment (descriptive name, unique
equipment no.), pumps and valves.
- All the utility streams supplied to major equipments such
as steam lines, compressed air lines, electricity, etc.

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 R-100 P-100 T-100 E-100 P-101 R-101
Reactor Pump Distillation Column Condenser Pump Reactor

Hot water out

Ethylene E-100 Ethylene liq.

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V-104
Cold water in
LIC V-106
25 T-100
CV-100 CV-101
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V-105
Ethanol 5 20
1 V-101 V-102
H2SO4 4 38 Hydrogen
V-100 9
V-103 V-107 Ni
R-100
3 R-101 Ethane
2 8 10
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35 31.0 7 H2O
32.2 P-101 LIC
P-100

Stream Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Temperature (oC) 25.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 60.3 41 38 54 45.1
Pressure (psi) 28 32.2 31.0 31.0 30.2 45.1 31.3 24.0 39 2.6
Vapor fraction
Mass flow (tonne/hr) 10.3 13.3 0.82 20.5 6.41 20.5 0.36 9.2 20.9 11.6
Mole flow (kmol/hr) 108 114.2 301.0 1204.0 758.8 1204.4 42.6 1100.8 142.2 244.0

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 •A P&ID is a complex representation of the various units found in a plant

•In order to read a P&ID, the technician needs an Understanding of the

equipment, instrumentation, and technology.

•The next step in using a P&ID is to memorize your plant’s process

symbol list (Process legend).

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 Process Unit Symbols
Symbol Description

Heat exchanger

H2O Water cooler

S Steam heater

Cooling coil
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 Process Unit Symbols

Symbol Description

Heater coil

Centrifugal pump

Turbine type compressor

Pressure gauge
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Process Unit Symbols

Symbol Name Description

Stripper A separator unit used

commonly to liquid mixture
into gas phase.

Absorber A separator unit used

commonly to extract mixture
gas into liquid phase.

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Process Unit Symbols

Symbol Name Description

Distillation A separator unit used

commonly to crack liquid
column contains miscellaneous
component fractions.

Liquid mixer A process unit that used to

or
mix several components of
liquid.
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Process Unit Symbology

Symbol Name Description

Reaction A process unit where chemical

process reaction occurs
chamber

Horizontal tank A unit to store liquid or gas.

or cylinder
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Process Unit Symbology

Symbol Name Description

Boiler A unit for heating.

Centrifuge A separator unit that to

physically separated liquid
mixture. (exp: oil-liquid)

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Valve Symbology

Symbol Name

Gate Valve

Globe Valve

Ball Valve

Check Valve

Butterfly Valve
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Valve Symbology

Symbol Name

Relief Valve

Needle Valve

3-Way Valve

Angle Valve

Butterfly Valve
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