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Lista1 Sol PDF
Lista1 Sol PDF
CCEN–DEPARTAMENTO DE MATEMÁTICA
Cálculo 1 - 1 a Lista de Exercı́cios - Soluções
Prof. César Castilho
1 - Calcule
³ os seguintes
´ limites:
2
a) lim x − 4 x = −4 .
x→2
³ ´
b) lim x3 + 2 x2 − 3 x − 4 = 0 .
x→−1
(3 x − 1)2 1
c) lim 3
= .
x→1 (x + 1) 2
3x − 3−x 30 − 30 1−1
d) lim x −x
= 0 0
= = 0.
x→0 3 + 3 3 +3 1+1
1
e) 3
.
x2 − 4 (x − 2) (x + 2) (x + 2) 4
f) lim 2
= lim = lim = .
x→2 x − 5 x + 6 x→2 (x − 2) (x + 3) x→2 (x + 3) 5
x2 + 3 x + 2 (x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 2) 1
g) lim 2
= lim = lim =
x→−1 x + 4 x + 3 x→−1 (x + 1) (x + 3) x→−1 (x + 3) 2
x−2 x−2 1 1
h) lim 2
= lim = lim = .
x→2 x − 4 x→2 (x − 2) (x + 2) x→2 (x + 2) 4
√ √ √
x−2 x−2 x−2 x−2
i) lim √ 2 = lim √ √ = lim √ = 0.
x→2 x − 4 x→2 x − 2 x + 2 x→2 x + 2
√ √
x−2 x−2 1
j) lim+ 2 = lim+ √ √ = lim+ √ = +∞ .
x→2 x − 4 x→2 x − 2 x − 2 (x + 2) x→2 x − 2 (x + 2)
(x + h)3 − x3 x3 + 3 x2 h + 3 x h 2 + h 3 − x3 h (3 x2 + 3 x h + h2 )
k) lim = lim = lim =
h→0 h h→0 h h→0 h
= lim (3 x2 + 3 x h + h2 ) = 3 x2 .
h→0 √ √
x−1 (x − 1) ( x2 + 3 + 2) (x − 1) ( x2 + 3 + 2)
l) lim √ 2 = lim √ √ = lim =
x→1 x + 3 − 2 x→1 ( x2 + 3 − 2) ( x2 + 3 + 2) x→1 (x2 − 1)
√
( x2 + 3 + 2)
= lim = 2.
x→1 (x + 1)
t3 + t2 − 5 t + 3 4
4) lim 2
= .
t→−1 t − 3t + 2 3
x2 − 16 (x − 4) (x + 4)
5) lim = lim = 8.
x→4 x − 4 x→4 x−4
x2 − 4 x + 4 (x − 2)2 (x − 2)
6) lim = lim = lim = 0.
x→2 x2 + x − 6 x→2 (x + 3) (x − 2) x→2 (x + 3)
t3 + t2 − 5 t + 3 (t − 1)2 (t + 3) (t + 3) 4
7)lim 3
= lim 2
= lim = .
t→1 t − 3t + 2 t→1 (t − 1) (t + 2) t→1 (t + 2) 3
x
8) lim+ = +∞ .
x→3 x−3
x4 − 1 (x − 1) (x3 + x2 + x + 1)
9) lim+ = lim+ = lim+ (x3 + x2 + x + 1) = 4 .
x→1 x−1 x→1 x−1 x→1
y+6 1
10) lim+ 2
= .
y→6 y + 36 6
3−x 3−x
11) lim− = lim− = +∞ .
x→4 x2 − 2 x − 8 x→4 (x − 4) (x + 2)
3−x 3−x
12) lim+ = lim+ = −∞ .
x→4 x2 − 2 x − 8 x→4 (x − 4) (x + 2)
1 1 1
13) lim− = lim− = lim− = +∞ .
x→3 |x − 3| x→3 −(x − 3) x→3 3 − x
√ √
4−y (2 − y) (2 + y) √
14)lim √ = lim √ = lim (2 + y) = 4 .
y→4 2 − y y→4 2− y y→4
√ √ √
x+4−2 ( x + 4 − 2) ( x + 4 + 2) 1 1
15)lim = lim √ = lim √ = .
x→0 x x→0 x ( x + 4 + 2) x→0 ( x + 4 + 2) 4
√ √ √
x2 + 4 − 2 ( x2 + 4 − 2) ( x2 + 4 + 2) x
16)lim = lim √ = lim √ 2 = 0.
x→0 x x→0 x 2
( x + 4 + 2) x→0 ( x + 4 + 2)
1
17) lim+ = +∞ .
x→0 x
√ √
x−9 ( x − 3) ( x + 3) √
18)lim √ = lim √ = lim ( x + 3) = 12 .
x→9 x − 3 x→9 x−3 x→9
µ ¶ µ ¶
1 1 x−1
19) lim − 2 = lim = −∞ .
x→0 x x x→0 x2
µ ¶ Ã !
1 1 x2 − 1
20) lim+ − 3 = lim+ = −∞ .
x→0 x x x→0 x3
1
21) lim− = −∞ .
x→π x−π
3 3
2) lim = lim = 0.
y→−∞ y+4 y→−∞ y
1 1
3) lim = lim = 0 .
x→∞ x − 12 x→∞ x
x−2 x 1
4) lim = lim 2 = lim = 0.
x→−∞ x2 + 2 x + 1 x→−∞ x x→−∞ x
√ √ √ 2
3 x4 + x 3 x4 3x √ √
5) lim = lim = lim = lim 3 = 3.
x→−∞ x2 − 8 x→−∞ x2 x→−∞ x2 x→−∞
7 − 6 x5 −6 x5
6) lim = lim = lim −6 x4 = −∞ .
x→∞ x + 3 x→∞ x x→∞
5 x2 + 7 5 x2 5 5
7) x→∞
lim 2
= lim 2
= lim = .
3 x − x x→∞ 3 x x→∞ 3 3
2−y −y −y −1 1
lim √
8) y→∞ lim √ 2 = lim √
= y→∞ = lim √ = − .
7 + 6y 2 6y y→+∞ 6 |y| y→+∞ 6 6
6 − t3 −t3 −1 1
9) lim = lim = lim = − .
x→∞ 7 t3 − 3 x→∞ 7 t3 x→∞ 7 7
4- Calcule os seguintes limites:
1
1) x→∞
lim cos( ) = 1 .
x
sin(h) 1 sin(h) 1
2) lim = lim = .
h→0 2 h 2 h→0 h 2
à ! à ! à !
sin2 (x) 1 sin(x) sin(x) 1 sin(x) sin(x) 1
3) lim 2
= lim = lim lim = .
x→0 3 x 3 x→0 x x 3 x→0 x x→0 x 3
µ ¶Ã ! à !
tan(7 x) 1 sin(7 x) 1 7x sin(7 x) 3x
4) lim = lim = lim =
x→0 sin(3 x) x→0 cos(7 x) sin(3 x) x→0 cos(7 x) 3 x 7x sin(3 x)
à ! à !
7 1 sin(7 x) 3x 7
lim lim lim = .
3 x→0 cos(7 x) x→0 7x x→0 sin(3 x) 3
√
πx π 3
11) x→∞
lim sin( ) = − sin( ) = −
2 − 3x 3 2
sin(θ) 1 sin(θ)
12) lim+ 2
= lim+ = +∞ .
θ→0 θ θ→0 θ θ
à ! à !
sin(6 x) 8 x 6 x sin(6 x) 6 8x sin(6 x) 3
13) lim = lim = lim lim = .
x→0 sin(8 x) x→0 6 x 8 x sin(8 x) 8 x→0 sin(8 x) x→0 6x 4
h h h
14) lim = lim cos(h) = lim cos(h) lim = 1.
h→0 tan(h) h→0 sin(h) h→0 h→0 sin(h)
t2 t2 t t t t
15) lim 2
= lim 2 = lim = lim lim = 1.
t→0 1 − cos (t) t→0 sin (t) t→0 sin(t) sin(t) t→0 sin(t) t→0 sin(t)
x x x
16) lim = lim = lim = 1.
x→0 cos( π2 − x) x→0 cos(π/2) cos(x) + sin(π/2) sin(x) x→0 sin(x)
à !à !
1 − cos(5 h) 1 − cos(5 h) 1 + cos(5 h) cos(7 h) + 1
17) lim = lim
h→0 cos(7 h) − 1 h→0 cos(7 h) − 1 1 + cos(5 h) cos(7 h) + 1
à ! à !
1 − cos2 (5 h) cos(7 h) + 1 sin2 (5 h) cos(7 h) + 1
= lim = lim .
h→0 cos2 (7 h) − 1 1 + cos(5 h) h→0 sin2 (7 h) 1 + cos(5 h)
à ! à !2 µ ¶2
sin2 (5 h) cos(7 h) + 1 sin(5 h) 5 25
= lim 2 lim = lim ×1= = .
h→0 sin (7 h) h→0 1 + cos(5 h) h→0 sin(7 h) 7 49
lim k x2 = lim− (7 x − 2) ,
x→1+ x→1
k = 5.
2
k x se x ≤ 2
b) f (x) =
2 x + k se 2 < x
Para termos continuidade devemos ter que lim− f (x) = lim+ f (x) isto é
x→2 x→2
lim (2 x + k) = lim− k x2 ,
x→2+ x→2
4 + k = 4k
e portanto
4
k=.
3
7- Use o Teorema do Confronto para mostrar que:
50 π
a) lim x cos( ) = 0.
x→0 x
Temos que
50 π
−|x| ≤ x cos( )| ≤ |x|
x
e portanto
50 π
− lim |x| ≤ lim x cos( )| ≤ lim |x|
x→0 x→0 x x→0
50 π
o que implica que lim x cos( ) = 0 como desejado.
x→0 x
50 π
b) lim x2 cos( 1 ) = 0.
x→0 x3
Temos que
50 π
−x2 ≤ x2 cos( 1 )| ≤ x2
x3
e portanto
50 π
− lim x2 ≤ lim x2 cos( 1 )| ≤ lim x2
x→0 x→0 x3 x→0
50 π
o que implica que lim x2 cos( 1 ) = 0 como desejado.
x→0 x3