m0 Technoiosy @ by Guy Avetlon When determining the rot caus tay fore thre must te some guidsines tafe and questions tock. The frst imsjor pat ofthe imeetgtion ito gather {2 much information apes about he sppleationofthe fastener * How twas inca rhare pretnato,torque wrench + Ancilary components used fat ‘sche typesr rade fish, cating? + Typeot external leads subectad an the jin: hexy impacting: werating Fotating stati; ial transverse? + Aemount of lad? + Ewronment? «Were there multiple fastener inthe sine + Haw were the mule fests tightened: by crass pattem: inererental loading; neater ancher? + Wherewere the fastnerstigtenad enthe heady the ut atteratng? + What he condton the int rusty patted erfaces rough smooth, lubricate? + What the contin ofthe fae parts parted:rusty, greasy heat serch? What isthe action ofthe Fracire had thread runout jus outside the ru external cracking? + What tne conn fhe fracture surface: srmaoth ol tiny; 517? «Are thare any hamieal, mechanical teat resus of the fastener lt? Fastener Failure “Thi the tina we categoria the ita we collated Sometimes we can tallty the appearence ofthe ssmplex sr fracture surface what may have nappa. Tis wil rarrowthe qusetons an ilura posses Fr instance, a ductile fracturewill exhibit dimples withan clusion, ora cupsand cones appearancewith a duit coloredsurface, wil alco show sore type of distortion, asthe mataria i Aefoem plastically afore ultimate falure. However, the lad ic pple very rap, asin a shock or impact load avanvhie tightening, ductile ‘material may have the appearance fs bet fracture, Thi ean happen whan using unregulstad pneumatic installstion tals, Check thathread ofthe bat to etermire ifthere ic acrangeinttread pitch Thc wllindicate ifthe bolt was stretched intayield ether by service laats or during instalation, ig. 1 Duce fracture A brite fracture may be fat, sitar tametal fatigue but is more shiny, fexpasing grain haundary cracking, br grsin boundary cleaving. Brita fractures vl nat chew visible signe ef istertion, Some fractures may have tha characteristic mating: of chevron cr waterfall patterns, which point fo origin of stressinifstion Metal fatigue spay the ceancheidal er beach marke! striations across the fracture surface, These ill bea seriac of band which may be dark, ight ar both, The darker bands signifying law frequancy impacts orvibration, while the lighter bands ars indicative cof Higher frequency ar mare rapid impact loads Fp 2 Motel ate rece The following photographs of ‘eal fatigue fracture of avahael ‘Stud. Thereare several iniatin pointsin the fracture anewhich Suagests the wheal stud experienced aretatianal load and a bending load Ina loose candi. “Typically, fatigue fractures itate Cether at the last thread run-out cor atthe frst unengaged thraod protruding from the out Fg 3 Mabie atiue initin iter Coatings can make a diference in erviconmante with elevated