Daniel Defoe

retold by Elizabeth Gray

Express Publishing
 Contents

Chapter 1: / Leave Home ..................... 4

Chapter 2: T h e Storm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Chapter 3: M y Diary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Chapter 4: A N e w Friend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Chapter 5: T h e Natives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Chapter 6: Friday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Chapter 7: More Prisoners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Chapter 8: A n English Ship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Chapter 9: W e Leave t h e Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Chapter 10: T h e Fight with Friday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

3
 Chapter 1

My name is Robinson Crusoe. A lot of people know my

name, but they only know about some of my adventures.
They do not know my life story, and that is why I am writing
it now.
I was born in England, in the city of York, in 1632. We
were not rich, and we were not poor. We were somewhere in
the middle. No one in my family sailed or liked the sea, but
I was only interested in sailing. My father did not like the
idea.
"Father, I want to go to sea. I want to see the world and
live a life of adventure."
"It's better to stay here where there are no dangers."
"But everything is dangerous. I can get hurt here, too."
"Son, the men who go to sea have hard lives. They think
it's going to be an adventure, and it becomes something
worse. If you go to sea, you will be unhappy."
I did not want my father to be angry. My mother
understood, so I talked to her about my ideas.
"Mother, I'm eighteen years old! If I don't like my life at
sea, I can come back. I don't understand why father doesn't
want me to go."
"Your father believes you will be happy here. He can help
you find a job. You can make money."
"I can make money at sea. I don't understand his ideas. I
might become rich and famous, but I won't if I stay here and
do the same things everyone else is doing. Mother, can you

5
talk to father? Can you make him understand?"
My mother talked to my father, but he only became more
angry.
"Robinson, I told you, if you leave this house and become
a sailor, you will be the most unhappy person on earth. I will
not help you, and you cannot live on your own."
"Your father's right, dear."
"He's not! I'll do what I want, and you will see! I'll be rich.
I'll see the world!"
I went to sea and left my parents. I remembered my
father's words, and some of the things he said began to come
true.

6
 Chapter 2

"What about you, Crusoe? They say you have bad luck at
sea. Why did you leave Brazil? Maybe you'll die in a storm."
I didn't like this man. He only had one eye and very few
teeth. But 1 answered him.
My father was right. I never had any luck at sea. The first "I thought of that. My friends in Brazil can take care of my
land. If I die, a friend in Portugal will take my money."
ship I sailed on sank in a storm. Pirates attacked the next one,
Soon after that, there was a storm. The sky was black and
and I became a slave. I escaped from the pirates' ship, and a
there was a flash of lightning. Huge waves came over the side
friendly captain from Portugal took me with him to Brazil. In
of the ship. We were close to an island, so we got into a smaller
Brazil, I made money and I bought some land. But something
made me go back to sea. Friends wanted me to sail to Guinea boat and tried to get to the shore. The waves were too big for
us.
to help them find slaves. I said yes, but only because I loved
"Keep her steady!"
sailing so much.
"We can't hold her!"
"Look out, we're going under."
The day we left Brazil was a beautiful sunny day. There A wave as big as a large hill threw the men from the boat,
weren't any clouds in the sky, and I could smell the salt from and we were all underwater. I swam as fast as I could. More
the sea. I was very excited. Then I remembered something. waves threw me towards the shore. It was difficult to come up
"What's the date today?" for air. Finally, I felt a rock under my feet. I held onto that
"It's the first of September. Why? What's wrong?" tightly. When I got to the beach, I saw that I was all alone.
"Nothing. I ... just don't like this day." There was no one else left on the sea.
It was September 1st, 1659. I first left home on exactly the
same day only eight years ago. I felt that something bad was
going to happen to me.
For many days, the weather was perfect. The men sang on
board, and everyone was happy. Most of the men asked me
about slaves.
"How can you buy a slave?"
"You give coins, sugar, rum, generally small things, to the
leader of his tribe."
"And the slave leaves with you?"
"He has to."
8 9
 Chapter 3

My first night on the island, I climbed a tree because I was

afraid of wild animals. All I had was a knife, a pipe, and some
tobacco. I didn't sleep. I smoked my pipe and listened to the
sound of strange birds screaming and things moving
through the trees.
In the morning, I saw that part of our ship was in the
water, not far from the beach. I swam out to it and climbed
on board. There was no one there, but I found guns,
gunpowder, some bread, sugar, rum and flour. I made a
small raft from broken pieces of wood to bring these things
back to the island, but I had to go and come back many
times. I made a tent from one of the ship's sails, and I hid the
food and gunpowder in a small cave.
I walked to the highest part of the island and looked
around. The island was quite large, but there were no people
on it. I looked out to sea, and there were no boats. 'Why did
this happen to me?' I thought. 'Is it because I didn't listen to
my father? Why am I so unlucky at sea? But I'm still alive.
There must be some reason for that.'
I found a pen and paper on the ship, and I began to write
a diary. It helped me remember what day it was, but it also
showed me how my thoughts about life changed. I still have
some of its pages.

13
 Chapter 4

I did not die that day in 1660, but I felt very different
about life after that. I saw that life is a gift. It's easy to die on
an island when you are alone. There's no medicine. There's
no one to help you.
I learnt new things all the time. The best month to start
my vegetable garden was in February because it rained in
March and April. I made plates and cups from wood or
coconut shells. It felt like I was the only man on this earth,
and I had to learn everything by myself. The biggest
problem was that I wanted to talk to someone. Then
something wonderful happened.
Poll and I went for a walk one day through the forest. I
heard a bird flying around my head, and I saw that it was a
parrot. A small green parrot with yellow feathers on top of its
head.
"Hello."
"Hello."
"It talks! It talks Poll, it talks!"
"It talks, it talks!"
That little bird made me laugh, and I was so happy to
have a new friend. Every day, I tried to teach it a new word.
After several years, we could almost have a dialogue. I came
back to our tent in the morning after a swim in the sea, and
we had conversations like this:
"What should we have for breakfast?"
"Fruit and milk. Fruit and milk."

14 15

"And what do you want for breakfast?"
"Nuts. Nuts."
"You see, Poll, he knows what he wants."
"Stupid Poll. Stupid Poll."
Poll barked when the bird said this. I didn't want to teach
him that, but he heard me say it and he remembered it.
I talked to Poll and the parrot like they were people. It
made me feel very good, but there was still something
missing. I still wanted to see another person.
I made a small boat from a tree. But the sea was too
dangerous, so I stayed close to the island.
The island I was on was large. I found many new beaches
and many new kinds of fruits with the boat. And that's when
I saw the footprints. Someone else was on the island, but I
did not know if they were friendly or not.
18
Chapter 5
After I saw the footprints, I stayed close to my tent. I
thought natives might be on the island. When I went out, I
took Poll and the gun with me.
I didn't see anyone else on the island for a long time.
Maybe someone came to the island, saw that no one was
there, and then left. But that meant others knew about the
island. I was always afraid that they might come again.
One night, I had a very strange dream. I saw that there
were natives on the island and had two native prisoners with
them. They were going to kill one. He escaped and found
me. He was very friendly.
"I can help you leave the island," he said.
When I woke up, I felt both afraid and happy. I was
afraid of the natives, but the one in my dream was so kind, I
felt he was a friend.
Time passed. I planted new kinds of food, I hunted and I
thought of new ways to leave the island. Then, one morning,
when I was on the hill above the beach, I saw five canoes on
the beach. Near them I saw about thirty natives sitting
around a fire. One of the natives was a prisoner. The others
wanted to kill him.
Suddenly, the prisoner started to run. He ran into the
forest, and ten or twelve others took their spears and went
after him. I climbed down the hill to go back to my tent, but
I stopped in the forest when I heard their voices. They spoke
in a strange language. I realised they were close to my tent,
19
so I ran ahead to stop them.
I knew the island very well, so I knew where to hide.
They tried to swim across the small river at the bottom of my
hill. The prisoner got out of the water first. He ran towards
where I was hiding behind a tree. There were only two other
natives following him now. When they got out of the water,
I came out from behind the tree and fired two shots and
killed them both. The prisoner stopped running. I think he
was more surprised to see me than to hear the sound of my
gun. He fell to his knees, tired.
"It's alright. I'm not going to kill you."
The prisoner did not understand me. He crawled along
the ground and kissed my foot. I think he thought I was the
king of this island. I tried to make him understand me by
using my hands.
"It's OK. I am a friend. Come! I'll give you food. Come,
come!"
And that's how I started one of the best friendships of my
life.

22
 Chapter 6

He said it was possible to leave the island, and we began to

build a boat. Then I thought about the natives on those
islands.
"Will they try to kill me?"
"No, master Robinson. We are friendly if you are
I took the native prisoner to my tent. He was very hungry,
and I gave him bread, water and raisins. He did not know friendly."
any English. I did not know what his name was, so I gave "Then, why did those others want to kill you?"
him one myself. "We had a king, a very good king. But some of our people
wanted more power. They killed our king, and then they
"I will call you Friday. Today is Friday and that is the day
I saved your life. You are Friday." killed the people who liked him."
Friday looked at me as if I was saying something strange. "Were you one of those people?"
"It's all right. I will teach you my language." "Yes, I loved our king very much."
And so I taught Friday English, and he was a very good Friday's feelings surprised me. I had different ideas about
student. natives. I soon understood that Friday loved me as much as
"Friday, what is this?" he loved that king. I often think that I was put on that island
"That's a gun." for a reason. Alone, I had to learn how to do things by
"And what do guns do?" myself. I also had time to think about what was really
"They kill people." important in life. Friday taught me the greatest lesson:
"But they also kill animals for food." friendship is everything.
I shot the gun by mistake. Friday was frightened!
"Don't kill me, master Robinson. Please don't kill me."
"It's OK, I won't kill you. I'm sorry."
The bird began to talk.
"Guns kill people. Guns kill people."
"Master Robinson, why did you teach a bird to talk?"
"I wanted a friend."
"We eat birds."
"Guns kill people. Guns kill people."
Life with Friday and Poll and the bird became very funny.
Friday knew a lot about the sea and the islands near ours.

24 25
 Chapter 7
One morning I was in our tent, and Friday went out to
hunt for our lunch. When he came back, he was frightened
and started screaming.
"Master Robinson! Master Robinson! Boats. I saw them.
Six of them!"
"Where? Where?"
"On the beach. They have prisoners. What are we going
to do?"
"Get the guns!"
Friday and I went to the top of the hill near the beach. I
saw about twenty natives and two prisoners. The natives
made a fire, and I saw that they wanted to kill the other two
men. I did not know what to do at first. The natives have
different ideas about some things. Then I saw that the
prisoners were white men, probably from Europe.
Friday and I climbed down and hid in the forest near the
natives' fire. They killed one man, but before they killed the
second, we ran out and fired our guns. We screamed to
frighten them, and they began to run for their boats. I got to
the prisoner first.
"Are you from Europe?"
"Yes, I'm Spanish."
"Here, take this gun."
The prisoner was too tired to move. He needed food and
28
water.
"Wait here. We'll take care of you."
Friday and I killed many of the natives on the beach, but
some escaped in their boats.
"Let's follow them, Master Robinson. They will come back
with others and kill us."
"OK. You swim out to that canoe there. I want to see that
our Spanish friend is alright before we leave."
The Spanish prisoner was very weak, but he understood
me.
"Stay here. I'll leave this gun with you, but you'll be OK."
The clouds came and a storm was near. I swam out to the
canoe and saw Friday crying. There was another prisoner
tied up in the canoe. He was a native, and he looked at
Friday with large eyes.
"Friday, what's the matter? Why are you crying?"
"Oh, Master Robinson. This is my father!"
29
 Chapter 8

Friday and I took his father and the Spaniard back to our
tent. We gave them rum, raisins and some cake. They fell
asleep immediately, and we waited until the next day to hear
their story.
Friday and his father spoke in a language I did not
understand, but they looked very happy together. The
Spaniard told me about his time with the natives.
"There were seventeen of us. The other sixteen are still
on the island. It is not far from here."
"Do you think we can help the others escape?"
"If you give me a gun and some food, I'll go back with
that native there and free my men. We have a boat, and we
can take you away from this island and bring you back to
Europe."
I was excited by the Spaniard's idea. I was very
comfortable on the island, but I wanted to live again in a
place with many people. Now, I knew how hard it is to be
alone, away from your family and friends. Now, I wanted to
go back and show them how much I loved them.
We all worked hard to build a boat for Friday's father and
the Spaniard. We gave them large baskets of food, and I gave
the Spaniard a gun.
"When we come back, I will fire the gun so you will know
it is us."
"Good luck, and be careful at sea! It's dangerous around
here."

31
 Friday and his father said goodbye, and then Friday and
I watched them as they sailed away.
We waited for eight days and then, one morning, I heard
Friday running back to the tent.
"Master! Master! They are here!"
Friday and I went to the top of the hill. I saw one large
ship on the sea and a smaller one coming towards the beach.
I looked through the telescope at the large ship, and there
was an English flag on top of it.
"That's an English ship!"
The men who got out of the smaller boat were all
Englishmen, and they had three prisoners with them.
"They have prisoners, Master Robinson, and they are
white men. What does that mean?"
"I don't know, Friday, but it can't be good. Come on, let's
take a closer look."

34
 Chapter 9

"You ate only fruit and vegetables?"

"No, I had a whole garden. I made the same things you
have in England. There are goats here. I had cheese, milk
and meat. I caught fish."
"But I still can't believe you lived here for so many years.
Friday and I hid in the trees and watched as the English
You had no one to talk to and you had to do everything
sailors drank brandy and sang songs. One of the prisoners
yourself."
was wearing the coat of a captain. I felt something was wrong
"Captain, I learnt new things about life. I was feeling
because the sailors were very noisy. Luckily, they drank too
lonely but now that I have someone to talk to, I am much
much brandy and soon fell asleep.
happier."
The captain and his two men were surprised to see us. We
"I must say, Crusoe, you are a brave man."
untied them, and I quietly asked them who they were.
The captain and I took some of his prisoners back to the
"I'm the captain of the English ship. These men took our
boat with us because we needed their help to sail. The others
ship and brought us here. If you help us capture them, I'll
stayed behind. The Spaniard and Friday's father never
do anything you want."
returned. I asked Friday if he wanted to stay and wait for
"Well, I'm an Englishman like you. If we get back to your
them.
ship, I want you to help me return to England."
"No, Master Robinson. I will go with you. You are good
"Of course I'll help you."
to me. My life is safe with you. We don't know what will
"All right, then. Take these guns and let's wake up the
happen to the others. We might see them some day."
others."
I was happy that Friday felt this way. When we left the
Some of the sailors heard the 'click' of our guns. They
beach to go back to the captain's ship, I felt two things:
woke up the others.
freedom, at last, from my prison, and a strange sadness
"All right, get up! Get up! You have two choices: you can
because the island was also my home.
die here, or you can come back to England as our prisoners."
"We're sorry, Captain. It was the brandy. We'll do
whatever you say."
The captain and his men tied the sailors up. Then, he
asked his men to watch them while I took the captain to our
tent to eat. I told the captain my story, and it was difficult for
him to believe me.

36 37
 Chapter 10
When I was on the ship sailing back to England, I
remembered why I love sailing so much. I love the sound of
the waves and the smell of the salt in the air. It made me feel
like I was in a dream.
Suddenly, I heard the captain's voice next to me:
"Mr Crusoe, I want to talk to you about the native we have
on board. People are not very friendly towards natives in
Europe."
I realised that living on the island made me forget what
life was like in Europe.
"Perhaps we can leave him with his people on another
nearby island."
"I'll be happy to do anything you want, Mr Crusoe."
Friday sat alone at the front of the ship. I went and sat
with him.
"Friday, life in Europe is very different. Maybe you
should stay here with your own people."
"My people are always fighting, Master Robinson. They
wanted to kill me. They will want to kill me again. No, I want
to stay with you. You are my friend now."
I never saw how the natives lived on their islands but I
had a clear picture of it in my head. I closed my eyes and I
saw the natives, men and women. I saw their houses made
from trees and leaves. The boat moved slowly through the
water. I thought and I thought. Then, the boat stopped.
"We're here, Mr Crusoe."
40
I looked up and some of the captain's men held Friday by
the arms.
"Master Robinson, don't leave me behind."
"I think it's better this way, Friday."
I said one thing, but I felt another. The captain's men
took Friday to the beach of an island. I went with them.
Suddenly, there were natives everywhere. They captured us.
Now, I thought, my life will end.
Friday spoke to them in his language. He told us there
was a way for us to leave. The natives wanted to see a fight to
the death between Friday and me.
"But I can't."
"Go on, Crusoe. We will all die if you don't do it."
Friday said nothing. They made a large circle in the sand
on the beach. Friday and I had to stay inside that circle and
fight until one of us killed the other. We each had a knife
and a spear. 'I can't,' I thought. But Friday looked very
serious. It was impossible for me to hurt him. I felt it all over
my body, "I can't! I can't!"
My own voice woke me up. Friday was next to me. We
were still on the ship.
"What happened, Master Robinson?"
"I had a dream, a terrible dream."
That dream meant a lot to me. Friday's friendship was
more important to me than anything in this world.
Friday and I sailed back to Lisbon. I found my old friend,
the captain. He told me I could get a lot of money if I sold
my land. I sold it, and I went back to England to see my
parents. They were dead now, and that made me very sad.
But now I knew many important things about life. My
41
parents were right. I was not lucky at sea, and after all the World List
years away from home, I realised that. Life is strange
sometimes. It has its own way of teaching us what we need to
learn. Chapter 1 on earth (phr) coin (n)
on my own (phr) come up for air (phr)
adventure (n)
only (adv) die (v)
angry (adj)
parent (n) escape (v)
be interested in (phr)
person (n) exactly (adv)
be right (phr) poor (adj) excited (adj)
become (becarne-become)
rich (adj) feel (felt-felt) (v)
(v) sail (v) friendly (adj)
begin (began-begun) (v)
sailor (n) generally (adv)
believe (v)
same (adj) get into (got-got) (v)
come back (came-come)
somewhere (adv) get to (v)
(phr v) stay (v) go back (went-gone)
come true (phr)
talk (to sb about sth) (v) (phr v)
danger (n)
that is why (phr) go under (phr v)
dangerous (adj)
think (thought-thought) (v) have to (modal v)
dear (adj)
too (adv) hill (n)
everyone else (phr)
understand (understood- hold (held-held) (v)
famous (adj)
understood) (v) hold onto (phr v)
find (found-found) (v)
unhappy (adj) huge (adj)
get hurt (phr)
words (n, pl) keep her steady (phr)
have a hard life (phr)
world (n) land (n)
help (v)
leader (n)
I was born (phr)
idea (n)
Chapter 2 look out (phr v)
luck (n)
in the middle (phr) a flash of lightning
maybe (adv)
it becomes sth worse (phr)
on board (phr)
(phr) all alone (phr)
over (prep)
it's better (phr) as fast as I could (phr)
perfect (adj)
know (knew-known) (v) ask about (v)
pirate (n)
leave (left-left) (v) attack (v)
rock (n)
make him understand beach (n)
salt (n)
(phr) buy (bought-bought) (v)
shore (n)
make money (phr) captain (n)
side (n)
might (modal v) close (adv)
sing (sang-sung) (v)
my life story (phr) cloud (n)

44 45
 World List World list

sink (sank-sunk) (v) corn (n) strange (adj) forest (n) be surprised to see sb tired (adj)
slave (n) dark (adj) sugar plant (n) gift (n) (phr) use (v)
smell (smelt-smelt) (v) diary (n) surprise (n) go for a walk (phr) behind (prep) voice (n)
soon after that (phr) each (det) swim out to (phr) hear (heard-heard)(v) both (pron) well (adv)
storm (n) explore (v) teach (taught-taught) (v) it felt like (phr) bottom (n)
sunny (adj) far (adv) tent (n) kind (n) canoe (n)
swim (swam-swum) (v) flour (n) the highest (adj) laugh (v) climb down (v)
animal (n)
take care of (phr) gun (n) think (v) learn (learnt-learnt) (v) crawl (v)
be frightened (phr)
take sb with me (phr) gunpowder (n) thought (n) life (n) fall to my knees (phr)
build (built-built) (v)
the next one (phr) happen (v) through (prep) like (prep) fire (v)
by mistake (phr)
there was no one else hide (hid-hidden) (v) tobacco (n) medicine (n) follow (v)
everything (pron)
left (phr) hunt (v) unlucky (adj) month (n) food (n)
feeling (n)
throw (threw-thrown) (v) hurt (v) wake up (woke-woken) no one (pron) for a long time (phr)
funny (adj)
tightly (adv) I am cold (phr) (phr v) nuts (n, pl) friendship (n)
hungry (adj)
towards (prep) I am hot (phr) way (n) on top of (phr) get out (phr v)
important (adj)
tribe (n) island (n) whole (adj) parrot (n) go after (phr v)
master (n)
try (v) light (lit-lit) (v) wild (adj) plate (n) ground (n)
myself (pron)
underwater (adv) lonely (adj) wood (n) several (det) have a dream (phr)
often (adv)
was going to to happen look around (phr v) someone (pron) it's all right (phr)
possible (adj)
(phr) look out to sea (phr v) Chapter 4 something (pron) kill (v)
power (n)
wave (n) move (v) start sth (v) kind (adj)
all the time (phr) raisin (n)
What about you? (phr) organise (v) stupid (adj) kiss (v)
almost (adv) really (adv)
What's wrong? (phr) page (n) the best (adj) language (n)
another (adj) save (v)
part (n) there was sth missing mean (meant-meant) (v)
around (prep) shoot the gun (phr)
Chapter 3 peaceful (adj)
bark (v)
(phr) native (n)
student (n)
pipe (n) too (adv) near(prep)
alive (adj) by myself (phr) the greatest (adj)
prepare (v) vegetable garden (n) others (pron, pl)
alone (adj) coconut shell (n) who (pron)
quite (adv) What should we have pass (v)
be afraid of (phr) conversation (n)
raft (n) for breakfast? (phr) plant (v)
be sorry for (phr) could (modal v) Chapter 7
reason (n) wonderful (adj) prisoner (n)
body (n) cup (n)
rice (n) you see (phr) realise (v) at first (phr)
broken (adj) dialogue (n)
sail (n) river (n) cry (v)
call (v) different (adj)
candle (n)
scream (v)
earth (n)
Chapter 5 shot (n) first (adv)
shelf (n) sit (sat-sat) (v) get (got-got) (v)
cave (n) easy (adj) about (adv)
slowly (adv) speak (spoke-spoken) (v) leave (sth with sb) (v)
climb (v) feather (n) above (prep)
some (det) spear (n) lunch (n)
cocoa tree (n) fly (flew-flown) (v) across (prep)
sound (n) suddenly (adv) need (v)
coconut milk (n) footprint (n) ahead (adv)
still (adv) then (adv) probably (adv)

46 47
second (pron) Chapter 9 Chapter10
tie up (phr v)
wait (v) also (adv) all over my body (phr)
anything (pron) better (adj)
weak (adj)
what's the matter? (phr) at last (phr) circle (n)
brandy (n) clear (adj)
Chapter 8 brave (adj) dead (adj)
capture (v) dream (n)
around here (adv) catch (caught-caught) (v) everywhere (adv)
basket (n) choice (n) fight (fought-fought) (v)
bring (brought- difficult (adj) fight (n)
brought) (v) drink (drank-drunk) (v) forget (forgot-forgotten)
careful (adj) eat (ate-eaten) (v) (v)
come on (exp) freedom (n) front (n)
comfortable (adj) get back to (phr v) hold sb by the arms
fall asleep (phr) get up (phr v) (phr)
fire the gun (phr) goat (n) hurt (hurt-hurt) (v)
flag (n) luckily (adv) impossible (adj)
free (v) noisy (adj) inside (prep)
good luck (phr) of course (adv) leaf (n)
hard (adj) quietly (adv) leave behind (phr v)
how much (adv) return (v) Lisbon (n)
immediately (adv) sadness (n) lucky (adj)
look (v) safe (adj) nearby (adj)
place (n) some day (phr) next to (prep)
sail away (phr) stay behind (phr) perhaps (adv)
show (showed-shown) (v) sth is wrong (phr) picture (n)
smaller (adj) this way (phr) sad (adj)
Spaniard (n) too much (phr) sand (n)
take a look (phr) untie (v) serious (adj)
take away from (took- watch (v) should (modal v)
taken) (phr v) we're sorry (phr) smell (n)
telescope (n) wear (wore-worn) (v) so much (adv)
the other (adj) whatever (pron) to the death (phr)
together (adv) while (conj) until (conj)

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