Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2019

Nord-Vest (RO11)
Norm Nord-Vest (RO11) is a Modest - Innovator; innovation
Relative to
alised
performance has decreased over time (-9.8%).
Data score RO EU
The table on the left shows the normalised scores per
Tertiary education 26.5 0.219 102 48
indicator and relative results compared to Romania and
Lifelong learning 1.1 0.015 100 5 the EU. The table also shows the Regional Innovation
International scientific co-publications 356 0.336 129 59 Index (RII) in 2019 compared to that of Romania and
Most-cited scientific publications 0.051 0.247 112 46 the EU in 2019, the RII in 2019 compared to that of
R&D expenditures public sector 0.18 0.253 91 44 the EU in 2011, and performance change over time
R&D expenditures business sector 0.08 0.110 46 19 between 2011 and 2019.
Non-R&D innovation expenditures ± 0.180 ± ± The radar graph shows relative strengths compared to
Product/process innovations ± 0.078 ± ±
Romania (orange line) and the EU (blue line), showing
relative strengths (e.g. International scientific co-
Marketing/ org. innovations ± 0.139 ± ±
publications) and weaknesses (e.g. Lifelong learning).
SMEs innovating in-house ± 0.087 ± ±
The table below shows data highlighting possible
Innovative SMEs collaborating ± 0.079 ± ± structural differences, e.g. Employment in
Public-private co-publications 1.2 0.071 58 17 Manufacturing (above average) and Employment in
PCT patent applications 1.20 0.067 99 16 Public administration (below average).
Trademark applications 2.45 0.168 105 38
Design applications 1.26 0.252 89 52
Employment MHT manuf./KIS services 9.9 0.280 77 56
Sales new-to-market/firm innovations ± 0.110 ± ± RO11 RO EU28
Average score -- 0.158 -- -- Share of employment in:
Country EIS-RIS correction factor -- 0.910 -- -- Agriculture & Mining (A-B) 20.6 25.2 4.6
Regional Innovation Index 2019 -- 0.144 -- -- Manufacturing (C) 23.4 18.8 15.4
RII 2019 (same year) -- -- 94.6 29.7 Utilities & Construction (D-F) 10.0 9.8 8.2
RII 2019 (cf. to EU 2011) -- -- -- 31.1 Services (G-N) 41.9 41.2 64.1
Regional Innovation Index 2011 -- 0.189 -- -- Public administration (O-U) 4.0 4.9 7.0
RII 2011 (same year) -- -- 91.1 40.8 Average employed persons per
RII - change between 2011 and 2019 -- -9.8 -- -- enterprise (firm size), 2015-2016 4.9 5.7 5.5
± Relative-to-EU scores are not shown as these would allow GDP per capita (PPS), 2017 16,900 18,800 30,000
recalculating confidential regional CIS data. GDP per capita growth (PPS), 2013-
2017 7.62 6.71 2.86
Population density, 2017 75 84 118
Urbanisation, 2018 57.4 61.9 76.0
Population size, 2018 (000s) 2,560 19,530 512,380

Tertiary education
Sales new-to-market/firm 180 Lifelong learning
innovations
160
Employment MHT man. + KIS International scientific co-
140
services publications
120
100
Design applications 80 Most-cited scientific publications

60
40
Trademark applications 20 R&D expenditures public sector
0

R&D expenditures business

PCT patent applications
sector

Non-R&D innovation
Public-private co-publications
expenditures

Innovative SMEs collaborating Product/process innovations

Marketing/organisational Relative to country
SMEs innovating in-house
innovations Relative to EU
 Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2019

Centru (RO12)
Norm Centru (RO12) is a Modest - Innovator; innovation
Relative to
alised
performance has decreased over time (-10.8%).
Data score RO EU
The table on the left shows the normalised scores per
Tertiary education 26.6 0.221 103 48
indicator and relative results compared to Romania and
Lifelong learning 1.1 0.015 100 5 the EU. The table also shows the Regional Innovation
International scientific co-publications 136 0.208 80 36 Index (RII) in 2019 compared to that of Romania and
Most-cited scientific publications 0.030 0.146 66 27 the EU in 2019, the RII in 2019 compared to that of
R&D expenditures public sector 0.04 0.078 28 14 the EU in 2011, and performance change over time
R&D expenditures business sector 0.28 0.246 102 42 between 2011 and 2019.
Non-R&D innovation expenditures ± 0.184 ± ± The radar graph shows relative strengths compared to
Product/process innovations ± 0.043 ± ±
Romania (orange line) and the EU (blue line), showing
relative strengths (e.g. Employment MHT man. + KIS
Marketing/ org. innovations ± 0.049 ± ±
services) and weaknesses (e.g. Innovative SMEs
SMEs innovating in-house ± 0.049 ± ±
collaborating).
Innovative SMEs collaborating ± 0.012 ± ± The table below shows data highlighting possible
Public-private co-publications 2.7 0.105 86 26 structural differences, e.g. Employment in
PCT patent applications 1.19 0.065 96 15 Manufacturing (above average) and Population density
Trademark applications 2.04 0.139 87 31 (below average).
Design applications 1.71 0.298 105 61
Employment MHT manuf./KIS services 14.3 0.460 126 92
Sales new-to-market/firm innovations ± 0.160 ± ± RO12 RO EU28
Average score -- 0.146 -- -- Share of employment in:
Country EIS-RIS correction factor -- 0.910 -- -- Agriculture & Mining (A-B) 12.1 25.2 4.6
Regional Innovation Index 2019 -- 0.133 -- -- Manufacturing (C) 29.1 18.8 15.4
RII 2019 (same year) -- -- 87.0 27.3 Utilities & Construction (D-F) 11.1 9.8 8.2
RII 2019 (cf. to EU 2011) -- -- -- 28.6 Services (G-N) 42.7 41.2 64.1
Regional Innovation Index 2011 -- 0.183 -- -- Public administration (O-U) 5.0 4.9 7.0
RII 2011 (same year) -- -- 87.9 39.4 Average employed persons per
RII - change between 2011 and 2019 -- -10.8 -- -- enterprise (firm size), 2015-2016 5.5 5.7 5.5
± Relative-to-EU scores are not shown as these would allow GDP per capita (PPS), 2017 17,900 18,800 30,000
recalculating confidential regional CIS data. GDP per capita growth (PPS), 2013-
2017 7.11 6.71 2.86
Population density, 2017 69 84 118
Urbanisation, 2018 61.1 61.9 76.0
Population size, 2018 (000s) 2,330 19,530 512,380

Tertiary education
Sales new-to-market/firm 140 Lifelong learning
innovations
120
Employment MHT man. + KIS International scientific co-
services 100 publications

80
Design applications Most-cited scientific publications
60

40

20
Trademark applications R&D expenditures public sector
0

R&D expenditures business

PCT patent applications
sector

Non-R&D innovation
Public-private co-publications
expenditures

Innovative SMEs collaborating Product/process innovations

Marketing/organisational Relative to country
SMEs innovating in-house Series2 Series3
innovations Relative to EU
 Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2019

Nord-Est (RO21)
Norm Nord-Est (RO21) is a Modest - Innovator; innovation
Relative to
alised
performance has decreased over time (-19%).
Data score RO EU
The table on the left shows the normalised scores per
Tertiary education 18.4 0.074 34 16
indicator and relative results compared to Romania and
Lifelong learning 1.1 0.015 100 5 the EU. The table also shows the Regional Innovation
International scientific co-publications 153 0.221 85 39 Index (RII) in 2019 compared to that of Romania and
Most-cited scientific publications 0.045 0.220 100 41 the EU in 2019, the RII in 2019 compared to that of
R&D expenditures public sector 0.18 0.253 91 44 the EU in 2011, and performance change over time
R&D expenditures business sector 0.04 0.064 27 11 between 2011 and 2019.
Non-R&D innovation expenditures ± 0.217 ± ± The radar graph shows relative strengths compared to
Product/process innovations ± 0.045 ± ±
Romania (orange line) and the EU (blue line), showing
relative strengths (e.g. R&D expenditures public sector)
Marketing/ org. innovations ± 0.126 ± ±
and weaknesses (e.g. Lifelong learning).
SMEs innovating in-house ± 0.043 ± ±
The table below shows data highlighting possible
Innovative SMEs collaborating ± 0.054 ± ± structural differences, e.g. Employment in Agriculture &
Public-private co-publications 0.5 0.045 36 11 Mining (above average) and Employment in Public
PCT patent applications 1.10 0.050 75 12 administration (below average).
Trademark applications 1.64 0.110 69 25
Design applications 0.53 0.157 55 32
Employment MHT manuf./KIS services 4.6 0.064 17 13
Sales new-to-market/firm innovations ± 0.196 ± ± RO21 RO EU28
Average score -- 0.115 -- -- Share of employment in:
Country EIS-RIS correction factor -- 0.910 -- -- Agriculture & Mining (A-B) 47.9 25.2 4.6
Regional Innovation Index 2019 -- 0.104 -- -- Manufacturing (C) 10.7 18.8 15.4
RII 2019 (same year) -- -- 68.6 21.5 Utilities & Construction (D-F) 9.4 9.8 8.2
RII 2019 (cf. to EU 2011) -- -- -- 22.5 Services (G-N) 29.1 41.2 64.1
Regional Innovation Index 2011 -- 0.193 -- -- Public administration (O-U) 2.8 4.9 7.0
RII 2011 (same year) -- -- 92.7 41.5 Average employed persons per
RII - change between 2011 and 2019 -- -19.0 -- -- enterprise (firm size), 2015-2016 4.4 5.7 5.5
± Relative-to-EU scores are not shown as these would allow GDP per capita (PPS), 2017 11,600 18,800 30,000
recalculating confidential regional CIS data. GDP per capita growth (PPS), 2013-
2017 6.26 6.71 2.86
Population density, 2017 89 84 118
Urbanisation, 2018 51.5 61.9 76.0
Population size, 2018 (000s) 3,220 19,530 512,380

Tertiary education
Sales new-to-market/firm 160 Lifelong learning
innovations
140
Employment MHT man. + KIS International scientific co-
services 120 publications
100
80
Design applications Most-cited scientific publications
60
40

Trademark applications 20 R&D expenditures public sector

0

R&D expenditures business

PCT patent applications
sector

Non-R&D innovation
Public-private co-publications
expenditures

Innovative SMEs collaborating Product/process innovations

Marketing/organisational Relative to country
SMEs innovating in-house Series2 Series3
innovations Relative to EU
 Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2019

Sud-Est (RO22)
Norm Sud-Est (RO22) is a Modest - Innovator; innovation
Relative to
alised
performance has decreased over time (-19.5%).
Data score RO EU
The table on the left shows the normalised scores per
Tertiary education 16.6 0.041 19 9
indicator and relative results compared to Romania and
Lifelong learning 0.6 0.000 0 0 the EU. The table also shows the Regional Innovation
International scientific co-publications 37 0.109 42 19 Index (RII) in 2019 compared to that of Romania and
Most-cited scientific publications 0.044 0.213 97 39 the EU in 2019, the RII in 2019 compared to that of
R&D expenditures public sector 0.08 0.143 51 25 the EU in 2011, and performance change over time
R&D expenditures business sector 0.01 0.009 4 2 between 2011 and 2019.
Non-R&D innovation expenditures ± 0.411 ± ± The radar graph shows relative strengths compared to
Product/process innovations ± 0.144 ± ±
Romania (orange line) and the EU (blue line), showing
relative strengths (e.g. Non-R&D innovation
Marketing/ org. innovations ± 0.103 ± ±
expenditures) and weaknesses (e.g. Lifelong learning).
SMEs innovating in-house ± 0.151 ± ±
The table below shows data highlighting possible
Innovative SMEs collaborating ± 0.030 ± ± structural differences, e.g. Employment in Utilities &
Public-private co-publications 0.6 0.051 42 13 Construction (above average) and GDP per capita
PCT patent applications 1.07 0.045 67 11 (below average).
Trademark applications 0.71 0.043 27 10
Design applications 0.05 0.035 12 7
Employment MHT manuf./KIS services 8.8 0.235 64 47
Sales new-to-market/firm innovations ± 0.243 ± ± RO22 RO EU28
Average score -- 0.118 -- -- Share of employment in:
Country EIS-RIS correction factor -- 0.910 -- -- Agriculture & Mining (A-B) 24.9 25.2 4.6
Regional Innovation Index 2019 -- 0.107 -- -- Manufacturing (C) 18.6 18.8 15.4
RII 2019 (same year) -- -- 70.5 22.1 Utilities & Construction (D-F) 10.5 9.8 8.2
RII 2019 (cf. to EU 2011) -- -- -- 23.1 Services (G-N) 39.6 41.2 64.1
Regional Innovation Index 2011 -- 0.198 -- -- Public administration (O-U) 6.3 4.9 7.0
RII 2011 (same year) -- -- 95.2 42.7 Average employed persons per
RII - change between 2011 and 2019 -- -19.5 -- -- enterprise (firm size), 2015-2016 4.9 5.7 5.5
± Relative-to-EU scores are not shown as these would allow GDP per capita (PPS), 2017 15,800 18,800 30,000
recalculating confidential regional CIS data. GDP per capita growth (PPS), 2013-
2017 5.00 6.71 2.86
Population density, 2017 72 84 118
Urbanisation, 2018 62.8 61.9 76.0
Population size, 2018 (000s) 2,420 19,530 512,380

Tertiary education
Sales new-to-market/firm 250 Lifelong learning
innovations
Employment MHT man. + KIS 200 International scientific co-
services publications

150

Design applications Most-cited scientific publications

100

50
Trademark applications R&D expenditures public sector
0

R&D expenditures business

PCT patent applications
sector

Non-R&D innovation
Public-private co-publications
expenditures

Innovative SMEs collaborating Product/process innovations

Marketing/organisational Relative to country
SMEs innovating in-house
innovations Relative to EU
 Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2019

Sud - Muntenia (RO31)

Norm Sud - Muntenia (RO31) is a Modest - Innovator;
Relative to
alised
innovation performance has decreased over time (-
Data score RO EU
16.8%).
Tertiary education 15.8 0.027 13 6
The table on the left shows the normalised scores per
Lifelong learning 1.4 0.024 160 8 indicator and relative results compared to Romania and
International scientific co-publications 12 0.062 24 11 the EU. The table also shows the Regional Innovation
Most-cited scientific publications 0.037 0.179 81 33 Index (RII) in 2019 compared to that of Romania and
R&D expenditures public sector 0.05 0.097 35 17 the EU in 2019, the RII in 2019 compared to that of
R&D expenditures business sector 0.34 0.276 115 47 the EU in 2011, and performance change over time
Non-R&D innovation expenditures ± 0.142 ± ± between 2011 and 2019.
Product/process innovations ± 0.022 ± ±
The radar graph shows relative strengths compared to
Romania (orange line) and the EU (blue line), showing
Marketing/ org. innovations ± 0.020 ± ±
relative strengths (e.g. Employment MHT man. + KIS
SMEs innovating in-house ± 0.019 ± ±
services) and weaknesses (e.g. SMEs innovating in-
Innovative SMEs collaborating ± 0.016 ± ± house).
Public-private co-publications 0.5 0.046 38 11 The table below shows data highlighting possible
PCT patent applications 1.16 0.059 88 14 structural differences, e.g. Employment in Utilities &
Trademark applications 1.06 0.068 42 15 Construction (above average) and GDP per capita
Design applications 0.28 0.107 38 22 (below average).
Employment MHT manuf./KIS services 12.3 0.379 103 76
Sales new-to-market/firm innovations ± 0.130 ± ± RO31 RO EU28
Average score -- 0.098 -- -- Share of employment in:
Country EIS-RIS correction factor -- 0.910 -- -- Agriculture & Mining (A-B) 27.2 25.2 4.6
Regional Innovation Index 2019 -- 0.090 -- -- Manufacturing (C) 19.8 18.8 15.4
RII 2019 (same year) -- -- 58.8 18.4 Utilities & Construction (D-F) 11.2 9.8 8.2
RII 2019 (cf. to EU 2011) -- -- -- 19.3 Services (G-N) 36.6 41.2 64.1
Regional Innovation Index 2011 -- 0.168 -- -- Public administration (O-U) 5.3 4.9 7.0
RII 2011 (same year) -- -- 80.6 36.1 Average employed persons per
RII - change between 2011 and 2019 -- -16.8 -- -- enterprise (firm size), 2015-2016 5.0 5.7 5.5
± Relative-to-EU scores are not shown as these would allow GDP per capita (PPS), 2017 15,100 18,800 30,000
recalculating confidential regional CIS data. GDP per capita growth (PPS), 2013-
2017 7.28 6.71 2.86
Population density, 2017 88 84 118
Urbanisation, 2018 56.6 61.9 76.0
Population size, 2018 (000s) 2,970 19,530 512,380

Tertiary education
Sales new-to-market/firm
Lifelong learning
innovations
140
Employment MHT man. + KIS International scientific co-
services 120 publications
100
80
Design applications Most-cited scientific publications
60
40

Trademark applications 20 R&D expenditures public sector

0

R&D expenditures business

PCT patent applications
sector

Non-R&D innovation
Public-private co-publications
expenditures

Innovative SMEs collaborating Product/process innovations

Marketing/organisational Relative to country
SMEs innovating in-house Series2 Series3
innovations Relative to EU
 Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2019

Bucuresti - Ilfov (RO32)

Norm Bucuresti - Ilfov (RO32) is a Moderate - Innovator;
Relative to
alised
innovation performance has decreased over time (-
Data score RO EU
7.9%).
Tertiary education 51.7 0.672 312 146
The table on the left shows the normalised scores per
Lifelong learning 1.3 0.021 140 7 indicator and relative results compared to Romania and
International scientific co-publications 797 0.503 193 88 the EU. The table also shows the Regional Innovation
Most-cited scientific publications 0.044 0.212 96 39 Index (RII) in 2019 compared to that of Romania and
R&D expenditures public sector 0.49 0.469 167 82 the EU in 2019, the RII in 2019 compared to that of
R&D expenditures business sector 0.53 0.356 148 60 the EU in 2011, and performance change over time
Non-R&D innovation expenditures ± 0.227 ± ± between 2011 and 2019.
Product/process innovations ± 0.062 ± ±
The radar graph shows relative strengths compared to
Romania (orange line) and the EU (blue line), showing
Marketing/ org. innovations ± 0.077 ± ±
relative strengths (e.g. Tertiary education) and
SMEs innovating in-house ± 0.059 ± ±
weaknesses (e.g. Lifelong learning).
Innovative SMEs collaborating ± 0.074 ± ± The table below shows data highlighting possible
Public-private co-publications 25.7 0.323 263 79 structural differences, e.g. Population density (above
PCT patent applications 1.33 0.088 130 21 average) and Employment in Agriculture & Mining
Trademark applications 3.79 0.265 166 60 (below average).
Design applications 3.52 0.438 155 89
Employment MHT manuf./KIS services 20.3 0.705 193 141
Sales new-to-market/firm innovations ± 0.138 ± ± RO32 RO EU28
Average score -- 0.276 -- -- Share of employment in:
Country EIS-RIS correction factor -- 0.910 -- -- Agriculture & Mining (A-B) 1.0 25.2 4.6
Regional Innovation Index 2019 -- 0.251 -- -- Manufacturing (C) 8.4 18.8 15.4
RII 2019 (same year) -- -- 164.7 51.6 Utilities & Construction (D-F) 9.7 9.8 8.2
RII 2019 (cf. to EU 2011) -- -- -- 54.1 Services (G-N) 73.3 41.2 64.1
Regional Innovation Index 2011 -- 0.287 -- -- Public administration (O-U) 7.5 4.9 7.0
RII 2011 (same year) -- -- 138.3 62.0 Average employed persons per
RII - change between 2011 and 2019 -- -7.9 -- -- enterprise (firm size), 2015-2016 8.4 5.7 5.5
± Relative-to-EU scores are not shown as these would allow GDP per capita (PPS), 2017 43,200 18,800 30,000
recalculating confidential regional CIS data. GDP per capita growth (PPS), 2013-
2017 5.94 6.71 2.86
Population density, 2017 1308 84 118
Urbanisation, 2018 96.1 61.9 76.0
Population size, 2018 (000s) 2,300 19,530 512,380

Tertiary education
Sales new-to-market/firm 350 Lifelong learning
innovations
300
Employment MHT man. + KIS International scientific co-
services 250 publications

200
Design applications Most-cited scientific publications
150

100

50
Trademark applications R&D expenditures public sector
0

R&D expenditures business

PCT patent applications
sector

Non-R&D innovation
Public-private co-publications
expenditures

Innovative SMEs collaborating Product/process innovations

Marketing/organisational Relative to country
SMEs innovating in-house Series2 Series3
innovations Relative to EU
 Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2019

Sud-Vest Oltenia (RO41)

Norm Sud-Vest Oltenia (RO41) is a Modest - Innovator;
Relative to
alised
innovation performance has decreased over time (-
Data score RO EU
16.4%).
Tertiary education 21.6 0.131 61 29
The table on the left shows the normalised scores per
Lifelong learning 0.7 0.003 20 1 indicator and relative results compared to Romania and
International scientific co-publications 46 0.121 47 21 the EU. The table also shows the Regional Innovation
Most-cited scientific publications 0.033 0.160 73 30 Index (RII) in 2019 compared to that of Romania and
R&D expenditures public sector 0.13 0.204 73 36 the EU in 2019, the RII in 2019 compared to that of
R&D expenditures business sector 0.02 0.032 13 5 the EU in 2011, and performance change over time
Non-R&D innovation expenditures ± 0.064 ± ± between 2011 and 2019.
Product/process innovations ± 0.031 ± ±
The radar graph shows relative strengths compared to
Romania (orange line) and the EU (blue line), showing
Marketing/ org. innovations ± 0.000 ± ±
relative strengths (e.g. R&D expenditures public sector)
SMEs innovating in-house ± 0.036 ± ±
and weaknesses (e.g. Marketing/organisational
Innovative SMEs collaborating ± 0.075 ± ± innovations).
Public-private co-publications 0.0 0.000 0 0 The table below shows data highlighting possible
PCT patent applications 1.07 0.044 65 10 structural differences, e.g. Employment in Agriculture &
Trademark applications 1.12 0.073 45 16 Mining (above average) and GDP per capita (below
Design applications 0.16 0.075 26 15 average).
Employment MHT manuf./KIS services 7.1 0.168 46 33
Sales new-to-market/firm innovations ± 0.082 ± ± RO41 RO EU28
Average score -- 0.076 -- -- Share of employment in:
Country EIS-RIS correction factor -- 0.910 -- -- Agriculture & Mining (A-B) 43.1 25.2 4.6
Regional Innovation Index 2019 -- 0.069 -- -- Manufacturing (C) 13.1 18.8 15.4
RII 2019 (same year) -- -- 45.6 14.3 Utilities & Construction (D-F) 8.8 9.8 8.2
RII 2019 (cf. to EU 2011) -- -- -- 15.0 Services (G-N) 29.9 41.2 64.1
Regional Innovation Index 2011 -- 0.146 -- -- Public administration (O-U) 5.1 4.9 7.0
RII 2011 (same year) -- -- 70.0 31.4 Average employed persons per
RII - change between 2011 and 2019 -- -16.4 -- -- enterprise (firm size), 2015-2016 4.9 5.7 5.5
± Relative-to-EU scores are not shown as these would allow GDP per capita (PPS), 2017 13,600 18,800 30,000
recalculating confidential regional CIS data. GDP per capita growth (PPS), 2013-
2017 6.18 6.71 2.86
Population density, 2017 68 84 118
Urbanisation, 2018 48.4 61.9 76.0
Population size, 2018 (000s) 1,950 19,530 512,380

Tertiary education
Sales new-to-market/firm 160 Lifelong learning
innovations
140
Employment MHT man. + KIS International scientific co-
services 120 publications
100
80
Design applications Most-cited scientific publications
60
40

Trademark applications 20 R&D expenditures public sector

0

R&D expenditures business

PCT patent applications
sector

Non-R&D innovation
Public-private co-publications
expenditures

Innovative SMEs collaborating Product/process innovations

Marketing/organisational Relative to country
SMEs innovating in-house
innovations Relative to EU
 Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2019

Vest (RO42)
Norm Vest (RO42) is a Modest - Innovator; innovation
Relative to
alised
performance has decreased over time (-5.7%).
Data score RO EU
The table on the left shows the normalised scores per
Tertiary education 24.5 0.183 85 40
indicator and relative results compared to Romania and
Lifelong learning 1.1 0.015 100 5 the EU. The table also shows the Regional Innovation
International scientific co-publications 236 0.274 105 48 Index (RII) in 2019 compared to that of Romania and
Most-cited scientific publications 0.058 0.284 129 52 the EU in 2019, the RII in 2019 compared to that of
R&D expenditures public sector 0.12 0.193 69 34 the EU in 2011, and performance change over time
R&D expenditures business sector 0.34 0.276 115 47 between 2011 and 2019.
Non-R&D innovation expenditures ± 0.180 ± ± The radar graph shows relative strengths compared to
Product/process innovations ± 0.022 ± ±
Romania (orange line) and the EU (blue line), showing
relative strengths (e.g. Employment MHT man. + KIS
Marketing/ org. innovations ± 0.077 ± ±
services) and weaknesses (e.g. Public-private co-
SMEs innovating in-house ± 0.022 ± ±
publications).
Innovative SMEs collaborating ± 0.034 ± ± The table below shows data highlighting possible
Public-private co-publications 0.0 0.000 0 0 structural differences, e.g. Employment in
PCT patent applications 1.29 0.081 120 19 Manufacturing (above average) and Population density
Trademark applications 2.03 0.138 86 31 (below average).
Design applications 0.67 0.179 63 37
Employment MHT manuf./KIS services 26.0 0.938 256 187
Sales new-to-market/firm innovations ± 0.083 ± ± RO42 RO EU28
Average score -- 0.175 -- -- Share of employment in:
Country EIS-RIS correction factor -- 0.910 -- -- Agriculture & Mining (A-B) 12.9 25.2 4.6
Regional Innovation Index 2019 -- 0.159 -- -- Manufacturing (C) 37.1 18.8 15.4
RII 2019 (same year) -- -- 104.6 32.8 Utilities & Construction (D-F) 7.1 9.8 8.2
RII 2019 (cf. to EU 2011) -- -- -- 34.3 Services (G-N) 39.0 41.2 64.1
Regional Innovation Index 2011 -- 0.186 -- -- Public administration (O-U) 3.9 4.9 7.0
RII 2011 (same year) -- -- 89.3 40.0 Average employed persons per
RII - change between 2011 and 2019 -- -5.7 -- -- enterprise (firm size), 2015-2016 6.1 5.7 5.5
± Relative-to-EU scores are not shown as these would allow GDP per capita (PPS), 2017 20,000 18,800 30,000
recalculating confidential regional CIS data. GDP per capita growth (PPS), 2013-
2017 7.28 6.71 2.86
Population density, 2017 56 84 118
Urbanisation, 2018 64.4 61.9 76.0
Population size, 2018 (000s) 1,780 19,530 512,380

Tertiary education
Sales new-to-market/firm 300 Lifelong learning
innovations
Employment MHT man. + KIS 250 International scientific co-
services publications
200

150
Design applications Most-cited scientific publications

100

50
Trademark applications R&D expenditures public sector
0

R&D expenditures business

PCT patent applications
sector

Non-R&D innovation
Public-private co-publications
expenditures

Innovative SMEs collaborating Product/process innovations

Marketing/organisational Relative to country
SMEs innovating in-house Series2 Series3
innovations Relative to EU