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    SECURE SYNOPSIS: 17 OCTOBER 2019 SECURE SYNOPSIS: 17 OCTOBER 2019, NOTE: Please remember that flloinganswersate NOT imadel ansier. They are NOT synopsis oof we o by definition of the term, What we are providing conten that both meets demand of the question and at he same time gives you extra pots inthe form of backround information, Wor history by Norman Lowe oydmand of he ui Introduction: Few people in history deserve sole rei for changng the fate ofan tire nation, One of hem s Mao eecung the ran who rose torn ‘the peasantry to become the pre-eminent revolutionary theorst political leader and statesman af Commun'st China Maes intuence endured more than 40 years frm the Long March ofthe 19305 tough the Red Army’ vietryn 1943, unt his death in 976 a age 83. He remained chairman of the partyto he end. Tre grip that Maoism — Mao's philpsopty of socalsm —had on decsion-naking and opinior-moulsing osened ater 1576. Body: [Mao Zedong and communist party of china were sucessful Nerang china The factors ed to is are +The Chinese emperor was deposed in 1911 and2 republic was established in’ place by the Kuomintang (KM) ‘+ TheKMT inthe subsequent years under se leadership of Sun Yat ‘Senwent onto conscliate the Chinase state which was under ‘he grip of provincial wa lords ‘Sun Yat Sen was 2bleto gerne the support ofthe communists ‘China wna were under the leadership of Mao, Homever, the relatons between Mao and te KMT staredte stra ater Sun YatSers dere in 1925 +The Communists were gradually purges by Chiang Kai Shek who ‘came to head KMT afer Sun Yat Ser ‘Claw broke out in China once again and the Communists ‘under the leadership of Mao hast take rete nthe cold desert region of China. twas Mao's leadership and determination which ‘ensured thatthe communists despite the heavy odds fled ‘ow oun ‘+ The Communists were instrumental in asing the banner of evot in ake of the apanes invasion Jirng forces with their ‘sworn enemy, the KT they wore able to puta strong epposivon against the Imparialjapanese Amy + Aftarthe end of WH the Western Powers wanted to back pro ‘aptalist chiang Kai shekto acquire power. However, Cul War ‘erupted once again and Mac and his comvades were abeto ares power from te KMT and had them take efuge nthe ‘slans of formosa leading the establishment of the Peosles Repuolcof china Mao and is ole in buing Ching + Unlike the tadtonal Mant ies of revoluson of the workers ‘Mao Zedong bough a revolution based on peasantry + Unlike the ictatorship of proletarat of Sovies Union he ‘estalshed new democracy in China, where alsocal classes were considered equ ‘+ Emphasis on central conrl over key ares of economy anc rate enterprise and private owmership were gradually sbolshee + To gahariseindustril developmen: the great leap forward movement was bunched inwhies households were encourages te build urnacesin ther bacoard + Agriculture was ergeisedin the farm of communes. Ths raised the produc. ‘+ Emphasis was placed in ideology and cultura revolution was brought under whin studerts and profesional were santo the countryside to lear, In shor. The Chinese communist revolution of 1949 inspired the ‘communist elsewhere and adéedt the strength of the ney independent nations. On the other hand the Revolution ed the United States of Amerie to tighten the neese onthe communist bloc to help prevent the spread of communism ‘21 Dlncuse how the process af Liberation af Latin America ‘resulted in problems which are the raot of contemporary ‘nquesin the resion today. (250 words) ‘World history by Norman Lowe oydmand of he ui Introduction: ‘The term Latin America is used to refer to the states whieh re situated to the south ofthe United Sates. raz the only Portuguese speaking stat in Latin America, ll others speak Spanish Body: ‘Contemporary issues Latin America today + Inequality isthe key sue in Latin Ameria, slong with ‘education, seems that therein Latin America on fea the ‘need to pitch in, ane assist development + Venezuela plunges deeper into crisis © Huncreds of thousands of people led Venezuelss deepening economic ess ast yor while widespread shortages of food and medicine made dale strut or those who remained, Wah the IMF predietng an intaion rate of 10,600,000 percent in 20°9 and President Nicolas Mado continuing 0 blame the economic ess onan peviaistconspracy the situation key to deteriorate even furtherin he nex 12 months + Securing peace in Colombia: © With a fsa dt an the potenti of a decteas in International cooperation, Colombia must develop innovative ways to nance the proces. + Disarmament reintegration of ex-eombatants,colecive reparaon processes, he Speealjursdetion for Peace, ans many other pieces ofthe pizzie wil need adequate funding © The rks are enormous. We could see massacres of ftir leaders and activists, recur oli economies land radbing esplicement, deforestation + Latin Americas far from peaceful: © One hing vtualy all courtnes and ees share is unacceptably high levels of volence © There are tual no areas and populations untouched, and the burden falls dsproporionatlyon the poor. © The problem sgesing worse we are going to See 2 ‘Continued nseto 38 murders per 10,000 people nothings done «kay factorin tis has to be drug dcriinalisaton and regulation The evidences glaring that the war on drugshs fled nd several Latin American presidents ane socal leadershave stepped up and charged te tone ofthe conversavon. + Migration strains relations The US entre 2019 lacka nto a government shutdown centr on funn or Presisent Donald Turn’ wallon the border with Meno. «Migration as taken canere stage in US polis in ecent months as Trump sought to sow fear over the thousands of Central Amercan grants and refugees wna made their wayte tre border to apply for asylum. © The question of where che mgrans wil wat out the asylum process hae placed a strain on tne US's relationship wth Mexeo + Argentinas economic crisis: “he Argentine peso lost ahd of ts value 2018, romating protests against austerity measur and 2 Staggerng $57bneallout package fom the IMF ~che gest ever given bythe international body + The impact of climate change: © The effects of imate change on our coast ands a5 well as farming capacveste a huge challenge. © Aaislenall, what reductions in yields can do to our url ppulitlons and ecenomies,intarnal migraton pater «+ Most four countries arbon fram thereof the (such as Amazonia) + The growing intolerance with corruption: © The fight against corruptions probably one of he region's most sgnfiant innovations in recent years «© Latin Ameria has long had te reputation oF corruption and Is cousin‘nformalty’. Sut acion hs been sporadic, epsosic and nalt-hearte, + Women's voies ae suppressed: © Latin American counties continue to veins region highly Unequal ‘or women, especially ose from ethnic minortes and ving in rural areas © We cannct progress when woments voces remain atthe margins a publ peli cecusson. Reasons for the contemporary issues + Postcolonial Violence: © Asthe empires colapse, 50 too did the imperial defence against external intervention and he imperal deterrent against intemal sie The newly independent Ltn American countries id not possess icemacionaly or even domestically recognized boundares. order wars, especialy in Ceal America, + Lost Decades and Violence: In porccoloial Latin America, high evel of violence, palal instability, economic cakanzation and antitrade polis al sabotaged economic growth and reduced state ‘apactias below the already low levels that has characterize the colonial regimes + Lost Decades, Balkanization and Ant/-Market Policy: © Latin Ameria su‘fered from economic balkanizaton wnien stemmed rom fiscal, currency and marke ragmencation. «© in 1820, the two biggest Spanish American economies had an e market size (GOP) only bout one-quarter that ofthe European core (OECD) country The same was ue of ran n 1870, che igure for Argentina Chile and Mexico comained was ane-seventh of the average European core county. «i ealaaconomies and ternal tage mattared as much a ‘economists tink Latin Amen lost lat fer independance "nce the combined market siz ofthe formar Spanish Armee was at nat tres-quarer the sze ofthe average European core country, r mare “+ Volence and the Drift to Liberalism: © Postindependence volence and economic dedine natn America reduce state capacities and cus undermined economic strategies that required song, centralized atonal governments ~ conservatism in mest of Latin olence undermined many key institutions of colonial rule in Latin America caste sysems shvery, tate monopoles, Internal customs, rade regulations, axes and ees that, burdened urban consumption, stat callecion and enforcamentf the tithe and achat property rent inland Many of the challenges facing Latin American the 21st Century are ones with which thas deat since indepandnce from Spain 200 years 2g0. The dependence on ragle wade relasenships and prirsary products, the incessant viele, and inaqualty praccelly dened the region in ene 1 Cetury. Meeting the challange implies hat countis will need stronger states, not ony for implementing specie poles, butrre imporant fr developing new ways eo regulary eal wth ee increasing sks their populations ae acr. 2. Higher minimum wage solutions forthe poor can have, ‘encouraging multiplier effects tothe economy, Elucidate 250 words) ey hmand of he usin Sona he arse et inde neg pmb ce hip et ort Introduction: Accoraing othe International Labour Orgenzation (LO, Minimum wages have been defined as "the minimum amount of remuneration that an employers required io pay wage earersfor, ‘he work perfermes during a gven period, which earner be reduced by collective agreement ora inv contae ‘sper Economic Survey 2018-19, 2 welldesigned minimum wage system required to reduce wage inequality nthe country. According to the International Labour Organisaten's iia wage repartore In every three wage workers in Ind not protece bythe minimum wage act, Body: Higher minimum wages can have encouraging multiple effec + According tothe Periodic Labour Force Survey 2017-18 45% of ‘egular workers are pad Iss than the minum wage + Thelaw would benefit about 50 crore workers, «+ wth an easly understandable natonalwage floor whieh would apply acess job types and geographles—thehopels that ‘ommalance wil improve, ‘+ Acthe moment, women ean oughly 45% less than men nthe same occupation t pron gender alsermination in matters ‘elared to wages and recrutment of employees for he sare ‘work or werk of sma nature, -Anational wage leor woul also hopefully resuce rural-urban saps. «+ Since casual workers can be fred easly, estimates show thatthe ‘wage may even go down to miserable #20. day nies of ‘oor demand. A mandated minimum wage wil hopefully educe ‘hese lain nequlces. + rel substantial reduce the numberof minimum Wages inthe “country Tom the existing more than 2000 ates of misimum wages ‘This woul ensure that every worker g's a minimum wage which ilalso be accompanied by an increase inthe purchasing power ofthe worker thereby ging il to growth in he ecanany. “+ binimam wages are nather 3 dole nor an ac of chary. They are a legalmandate that are arrived at by caleuating the minimal ‘utenonal requirement and basc needs ofan inddual, Inadequacies in Minimum Wage System: + Complex system: Presently the minimum wage sytem. under ‘he Minimum Wages Act, 1948, has ferent minimum wages defines for ciferantjob categories across Sates. +1915 minimum wages are dened fer various scheduled job catego across varus 85 + Lack ofa uniform erteria for feng the minimum wage rae + Diferent minimum wages fer the same occupation aeross lferent tates, along wth a wice range besneen the lowest and highest misimum wages tigger migration of industries towards low wage regions. + This can also cause distress migration of labour to better paying + Gender Bias: Analysis of minimum wage data aso shows 2 systemic gancer bas. For example - male-dominated ob of secunty Buards pays better than being a domestic worker, most ‘of whom are women. ‘+ National Flor Level Minimum Wage: Some states have ‘minimum wages even below the nonstaturory National Foor Level Minimum Wage (NFLMIV) of Rs 176 per day Measures needed: + Increasing the abit ofthe minimum wage sytem it recommended deciding minimum wages on the basi of sls and sp across geographical regions ‘+ th the governmertin the process of bringing the Code on Wages Bilin Parlarment, the survey sid the rationalisation of ‘minimum wages proposed bythe Bll should be support. ‘Te survey suggested the government should not 2 "national floor minimum wage" across ‘ve rapons, ater whicn tates can ‘ther own minimum wages, bu not lower than the loor wage ‘Tris woul being uniformity and make States almost equally _atracve fom the point of view af labour cost for investment as walls reduce tress migration” + Theproposed Code on Wages Bll should excerd applieabilty of ‘minsmum wages to all employmentsiwortersin all sectors and Should cover both the orgarized as wells tre unorganized ‘+ Amechansm for regula adjustment of minimum wages should ‘be developed, wth anationabevel dashboard atte Centre that ‘States can access and update «+ An easy to recall tllee number ta edge complaints about na payment of minimum wages shoud be publicised Cconetusion: ‘Asinle, coherent and enforceable Minmum Wage Sytem should be designed with the as of technology a minimum wages push wages up and reduce wage inequaliy without signicantlafecing employment. An eecve minimum wage policy isa potenaltoal not onl for the protecton flow paid workers buts also an inclusive rmecraniem for more resilen and sustanable econame development ‘Discuss the sallent features of Right to falc Compensation and “Transparency in Land Acquisition. Rehabilitation Ack LAAR) hat ‘sabout tobe heard by the apex court bench. Also explain the ‘case and its impacts on landholders and developers, 250 words) Indianexorese Sacre hee Introduction: ‘The Right to Fai Compensation and Tansparencyin Land Aequison, Rehabilitation and Resetlemen At, 2013 als Land Acquistion Ac, 20'3)1s an Ae of naan Parliament that regulates land sequisivon ‘and ays down the procedure an rules or granting compensation, renabiltation and resettlement othe afeced persons in ria. The ARR act provided for greatly enhanced compensation, consent of those whose land was sougnt to be acquires and detailed renabiftation ana resettement provisions. i other words, changed the relavonship between the state anne navidvalby empowering the ater against the former. Body: “The Section 24(2) afte ack, which states that when a developer fails to take postession ofthe land acquired under the 1894 Act for five years, oi compensation snot paid to he owner, the lind acqulston process would fa and wll have to inated ares under the AR, section 24(2) say that in cases wnere acquiston proceedings were intiates under the 1894 lw and compensation had been determined + the proceedings would apse ifthe state dd nottake possesion ‘ofthe land to years (and) + had not pald compensation to thelandowner. cose: + Afvejudge Constusion bench headed by Juste Arun Mishra ‘and comprising ustces naira Bane, Vineet Saran, MR shah land Ravindra Ghat wll hear mater relating to correctness ofthe Interpretation of Secon 24 af Right Fair Compensation and “Transparency in Lana Aeqlston, Rehablttion ans Resetdement At, 2073 (Land Aeqlston At, 2013) + Two threesucge Bench rulings delivered bythe apex court in 2014 and 2018 on te same iesuediferedn thar interpretations, «Tris na promptes the courtta refer the matter to a lager Baneh +The hearing wil decide the legality of several cases of and _acquistion shat took place across the country before 2008 + The matter ago raises signicant questions on judi dicing. + terelates to how udgmens of the court are apoled while deciding subsequent cases on sia issues Reasons fora higher judge bench: + ays ater he 2018 verdict was pronounce, ancthar thee judge ‘8ench Compraing justice Lokur, Joseph, and Deepak Gupta stayed all cases relating to this provision ofthe land acqusion ‘ActinallMigh Cour tl the question of ew was sete + The Bench asc asked “other Benches ofthe Supreme Court to ‘not take up the ssue unlit was decid by alarger Bench + Two ofthejudges on tis Bench, uses Lokur and joseph, were also par ofthe Bench that delivered tre 2014 versitthat was ‘nvabiates + Jusece joseph in orl cbservation made inthe court sronely ‘ised the 2018 ruling ad said thatthe 2018 verciet had deviated from ‘Virgin prncpes of te insttation in declaring 2 verde of equal Bench strength ’perincura + Subsequent, separate Benches headed by,ustces Goel and Mishra referred the mater >the Cl requesting tha larger Bench be sup. Significance ofthe Judgement: + lewould be correct to say that thousands of fails who had previously given up al hope ac their acquisition proceedings set ‘sie and thelr land returned under Section 24 “This Secon was uphels ana imbued with substance by several |udges 0” the Supreme Court and various High Cours. + tenasposively impacted the ves o several farmers land Impact ofthe judgement + once he proceedings lapse uncer the od lw the acquisition process woul be insted again under the new bo «Tris would allow the owner to ge a higher compensation. 4 The trm*paid"inche provision needas interoreracon + Sine t placed tne responsibilty onthe government, ases were fe before the cours soon after the law wae implemented Cconetusion: ARR ac eal a a andeark la inne interest of healt stakeholders so for implementation ofthis act government needs to consulal stakeholders, ‘SLCrtcally examine the performance of India‘ most ambitious ‘health scheme: Avushman tharat-Pradhan Mantr lan Aroeya ‘Yojana. 250 words) Key hmand of eins ‘ward ine net avrg fmt hah by fc aie Some he sre ote ‘hei asa lta ah dee oe a eg Introduction: “Ayushman Bharati a progression tonards promote, preventive, curative pallatve ane ehabitae aspects of Universal Hebheare ‘hough acess of Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs) at the primary level and provision of financial protection for accessing curative care at the secondary and tertiary levels through engagement with both public and private sector (Pt)A¥ Performance analysis of PM)AY + Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Chhattisgarh, Kerala and Andhra leah have emerged a the top performing States wit ree secondary and tertiary teatment worth nearly 47:91 crore 2uallea under the Ayushman Bharat Praahan Mant jan Aveaye ‘Yojana (PMJAY, the fagsip heath assurance scheme ofthe Gavernmentin just over a year Launched lastyear, the seme crossed the Sodakh veatment rmarkthis week with secondary and tereary level retrnents worth 7.901 crore being caved out across 32 States and Union Hales-rare hospital treatments have been provided and there are hospital admissions every minute across nda More than 604 of the amount spent has been on tertiary care. Caraoloy, Orenopaedis, Radiation Oncology, Cardiothorac and vasculseSurgery, and Urology have emerged asthe op ‘erary specaltes. Iehas halped reduce catastrophic expenditure for hosprtalzatins, which pushes 6 care people inte povery each yest Helps migate the nancial sk aling out of catastrophic heath epsodes. Howover, challenges remain High out of Pocket expenditure: Most consumers complain of ring cost, Hunarea days nto the PMA, lremain tobe seen if prvate hospitals provde knee replacement at Rs 80,000 (erent enarges RS 35 lakh) bypass surgery RS 1.7 lak (against Rs 4 tae ‘Commercial motive: lick of transparency and unetical pracices inthe prvate seco. ‘Concentrated in Urban areas: Private hospital dont have adequate presence in Tie-2 and Ter3 cts and there isa trend ards super speialsatonin Te ces. Better infrastructure needed: Unde te PMAY, the private hospitals have to et registered and ful the minimum requirements. They are aso expected to expand thei faites land acd noel beds Lack of level playing eld between the public and private hospitals thishas been 2 major concern as public hospitals ‘would continue recelving budgerary support. This would dlssuade ‘the private players om actvaly participating inthe scheme. ‘Additional incentives tothe private players The setng up hospitals inthe underserved areas by private payers can happen lien there are incentives from the State, Lack othe would maintain status que oat mle medal care which ein smal pulist measures ofthe government: Th dea of bringing tne [Above Poverty Line (A°1) population inthe unorganised sector under ambit ofcheme has been a bone of contantion,Aszesbe are would remain uninsurec—mestlylower-midde cass and Imiddle-cass households whozeincome-earning members work inthe unorganises sector. The nigh coe of neurance 2 ‘compared to PMJAY would deter th section from being insured + Federal isues: Heath isa state subject ands far these states have declined joining te catral government scheme «© Deli government argues tats existing heath scheme has wider coverage and \s"10 ties bigger than Ayushmnan hare «© Odi has pointed out cara awe, saying thatthe exiting ‘By Swasya Kalyan Yoana has special provisions Ike an exra Re 2 lakh caver for women, hich the Ayushman enema lacks «© Telangana too has raised cancers about the rather “narrow ambit of PAY, saying thats Aarogyasr scheme, anes ‘more people. © West Bengal opted ou, refusing to pay ts share ofthe expanctture ‘+ The current approach requras re-emphasising he mising party an PACs and CHCs for developing comprehensive primary care + Government hospitals should be removed tr scheme a5 sarces there are already ree of es ‘+ The government shoul fund publi hospitals directly. Under this seneme tis being done through surance companies by paying 15 percent to chem, + Ina should nt continue the insurance route fr heakeare dlelvery asthe asminitate cst andthe “unholy nexus wth insurance companies pont tarde profit meximiation rather ‘han qualty heath care delivery. ‘+ Thecus should be to train a post of socal workers, psychiatrists, counsellors with public health orientation whe ould hen rasorm the primary healthcare delivery system in ‘he county, ambit of the + India needs to design heath services te meet local needs wih ‘opposite referral machanism to secondary an tertiany-care, and this can produce beter heath outcomes wth a considerable costadventage Reovientng resources towards populatonbased preventive programmes wll hla Sethe allocation of sare resources for larger socal benetts rt. PPP in ncla reeds a euanced approach and systematic mechanisms, including legislation and epulatory aspects. The process requires wider stakahalder engagement and deliberations and oversight from top leadership. Need of the hour “Tax funded" universal nea coverage rather chan the or profit insurance mode PAIJaY seeks to acelrate nas progress tonards achievement of Universal Heath Coverage (UHC) and Sustainable Development Goal- 5 (SDG3). While the contribution of the private secor willbe the key itssuccess, t's the will and eal of che governmen: to implement ‘that will make or break e scheme, morish Thehindy bmn ofthe gsi enh x ei ory emiing eh net en Yu ae Sof ene ate Introduction: India hasbeen aggressively expanding its power generation capac ‘Today’ installed capacity of 358 GW ' about four mes of what | asin 1997-58, which shows a doubling of eapactty in each of the past two decates —or about 75 MW per day. The private sector accounts for almost half the installed generation capacity. For the Insthre years growth in generation rem renewables hasbeen close 1 25% Inia amsto havea renewables capacity of 175 GW by 2022 and 500.GW by 2030. Solar and wind power plants would accourt for much ofthe targetescapacty trom renewables. Boy: Costeffecive way to enhance the renewable energy capacity: + Increasing accessibility to clean energy: India has aready ‘commitest bring lecrictyo every household by 2022. An fever more ambitious ‘goal wouls beto rovde electri tall households on 2647 bass “To bring clean fulin rural areas the Pradhan Mant UjawalaYojara, should oe complerented by: Setting up of biomass pelle'sing units; and dstnbuton of efit biomass chu. (onthe agricukural ont solar irrigation pump distribution target must be stepaed up and franced trough eesit Support rom NABARD and government subsidy “The potential non-conventional energy sources must be explored and researched to make ther technologically ‘economicaland accessible ike geothermal energy, ial oneray ee + Enhancing efficiency: he National Mis.on for Enhanced Energy Eilancy (Mee) should condueta thorough cstbeneft anahsis of the avalabe enery-tiien: technologies ana products across allsectors especaly agriculture, housing and transportation. Dethe nstuonal level the navonal and state designates agencies working inthe area of energy efficiency should be sengthened 0 enhance vehide fuel efclanc gains, ce auto fuel ually shouldbe upgraded to 8S VI norms for naton-wide launch in + Policy changes: «© Around three-quarters of eur power comes from coal Powered plans. tis important that ina increases its ‘domestic coal to reduces dependence on impor © Tere s nae to fast tack the regulatory darances, improve labour product, nerease coal procucton and enhance eicene of estibuton © Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy (HELP) letendsto mirumizegovernmants dscreton in dedsion making, reduce csputes, reduce administrative delays and Introduce concept of even snarng, freedom of marketing to simulate growth inthe ll and ga sector nd The tax structure shouldbe ratonalzed in port and sale of energy on thermal value basis wits a view to enhance the competitiveness of the economy. © The india energy security scenarios, 047(E5S) hasbeen developed as an energy scenario buling tal, The guiding ambition of this sto develop energy pathways leading upto the year 2067, comprising ef lly energy demand and supply scenarios «NIT Aayog launched he India Energy Secury Scenarios 2047 aleultor (ESS 2047, 35 an opensource web based tock oth ims to explore a range of potential future energy 198 for Inca for diverse energy demand and

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