BASIC ELECTRONICS: CLASS1

ELECTRICITY is defined as flow of electrons

or electric current. It is an invisible form of
energy that can transfrom from one for into other
like heat, light, other.
 BASIC ELECTRONICS: CLASS1
ELECTRON:
Electron is the negatively charged particle of an
atom and it has the capability to flow.
PROTON:
Proton is the positively charged particle of an atom
it has the ability to attract the electron.
 BASIC ELECTRONICS: CLASS1
MATTER:
Matter is anything that occupy space and has
mass, it can be solid liquid or gas in state.
ATOM:
It is the basic component of a matter it composes
the nucleus which is a central part of proton
and electrons.
 BASIC ELECTRONICS: CLASS1
CURRENT:
Current is the same as electricity or flow of
electron the amount of current flowing in a ciruit
can be measured as ampere(i).
VOLTAGE:
Voltage is the amount of pulling force that makes
the electrons flow, also known as potential
defferences or EMF. It is measured in volts(v).
 BASIC ELECTRONICS: CLASS1
RESISTANCE:
Resistance can be defined as the opposition to
the flow of current. It is measured in ohms.

CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS:

Conductors are the meterials that easily allows
the flow of current or it has low resistance to
current folw. Eg:copper
Insulators are the mererials that does not allow
the flow of current or they has high
resistance.eg: plastic, rubber.
 BASIC ELECTRONICS: CLASS1
TYPES OF CURRENT :
1.Direct current(DC), 2. alternating current(AC).

DIRECT CURRENT(DC):
In this the flow of electric charge is in one direction,
this is the type of electricity that produced by
batteries, static and lightning.
A voltage is created and may be stored until its
consumed.
In the circuit the currnet flow in only constant
voltage with one direction.
Eg: batteries
 BASIC ELECTRONICS: CLASS1
Most DC circuits are relatively low in voltage; for
example, our car’s battery is 12v and that is
about as high a DC voltage as most people ever
use.
 BASIC ELECTRONICS: CLASS1
ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC):
In alternating current the movement of electric
charege periodically reverse direction. This type of
electricity is produced or generated by AC
generators commonly from a hydro electric plant.
Its the commercial power that we use in homes and
offices.
Delevered through a power transmission lines, AC
current can be reduced through the use of power
transformer to suite for its application. It can also
be converted to dc for a specific purpose.
Generally we used AC power supply is 230V
50Hz
 BASIC ELECTRONICS: CLASS1
AC current varies with respect to time and it
changes its direction as a sinusoidal wave.
 BASIC ELECTRONICS: CLASS1
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT:
Electric circuit is the pathways for lelectricity to
fow .
The components used in electric circuit are
1. Load
2. Supply
3. switch
 BASIC ELECTRONICS: CLASS1
Load – commonly represented by a build or any
electrical component that consumes electricity.
Supply – commonly represented by a cell or a
bettery
Switch – an electrical device that opens or
closed a circuit.
 BASIC ELECTRONICS: CLASS1
TYPES OF CIRCUITS:
1. Open circuit - a type of circuit that has an
open path for current to flow. It means that
current can not flow in open circuit.
2.Closed circuit – a type of circuit that has a
closed path for current flow.