191581805-BIOLOGY-form-4-Chapter-9 Pelajar

SULIT 4551/2
Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014
The impact of human activities on the ecosystem
No Marking scheme Marks
(a) Diagram shows the mankind activities
Based on your knowledge in biology, explain the harmful effect of the activities to the mankind
and their surroundings. Suggest ways to overcome this problem
Harmful effect to mankind and surrounding:
P1-Industries, factories, and vehicles contribute to air p____________

1
P2-Industries emit pollutant such as s____________dioxide/oxide of nitrogen smoke/fine solid
particles
1
P3-Which can cause respiratory problems/a__________/b_____________/, irritates the eye
1
P4-oxides of nitrogen and sulphur dioxide dissolve in rain water to form a________r_______
P5-Makes the soil a_________ and unsuitable for the cultivation of crops
1
P6-S________ and h__________ reduce light intensity cause the rate of photosynthetic
d_______ 1
1
P7-Which subsequently reduce crop y_______
1
P8-C_________d______ lead to green house effect, result in an increase in the atmospheric
t_________ 1
P9-C__________ change occur
P10-How water is discharged into nearby lakes and river lead t____________ pollution 1
P11-Cause instant death /reduction of a____________ species 1
Module biology Trial Paper collection
4551/2 ©All Right Reserved SULIT

SULIT 4551/2
Way to overcome : 1
P12-Implementation of law to reduce pollution n
P13-use unlead petrol/sewage treatment

1
P14-(formal and informal ) education stressing ( on the concept of recycle, reuse and renew)
1
P15-Reduce the burning of fossil
P16-Use alternative energy source /using renewable energy solar energy. hyfroelectric and
wind power) 1
10
(b) The world population is now growing drastically in order to fulfil the needs of the increasing
population, area of lands have to be developed into housing areas, school, factories and
highways
Give an evaluation on the above statement by considering g the impacts on the environment
B1-Brings more bad impact than good impact to the environment

1
B2-Deforestation will lead to flash flood /landslide
1
B3-Open burning will lead to air pollution /formation of haze
1
B4-More carbon dioxide (form open burning ) will trap heat
1
B5-Lead to green house effect /global warming 1
B6-Lead to changes in world climate 1
B7-Greenhouse effect /global warming increase the earth temperature 1
B8-Destroying flora and fauna 1
B9-Migratin of fauna/birds 1
B10-Lead to loss of herbs for medical purpose /timber 1

SULIT 4551/2
B11-Distruption / no more water catchment area Any 10 1
1 10
© Diagram show the human activities that may threaten the ecosystem
Explain the impact of these human activities on the ecosystem
F1 Air pollution
P1 Exhaust fume released by the vehicle contain carbon dioxide/ carbon monoxide/ sulphur
dioxide
1
P2 Smoke release by the factory contain dust / soot / lead
1
P3 Gases released by the factory contain carbon dioxide/ carbon monoxide/ sulphur dioxide /
nitrogen oxide
1
P4 Nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide dissolve in water in the clouds
1
P5 Forming nitric acid and sulphuric acid
P6 Form acid rain

1
P7 Destroy photosynthetic tissues in leaves 1
P8 Reduce rate of photosynthesis 1
1 10
(c) P9 Increase carbon dioxide concentration 1
P10 Heat is trapped by green house gases 1
P11 Causes green house effect // lead to increase in temperature // global warming 1

SULIT 4551/2
P12 Leads to climatic change// increase sea level// flash flood 1
F2 Water pollution 1
P13 Disposal of waste matter from industrial // domestic source into the water 1
1
P14 Causes eutrophication // increase BOD level
1
P15 Aquatic organism die
1
F3 Land pollution
1
P16 Disposal of domestic waste on the ground
1
P17 Increase the number of pest/ rat / cockroach / flies
1 10
P18 Increase disease transmission\
1
Diagram Shows evidence of development urbanization and industrial practices. TI needed to

develop the rises of human population
(d)
Justify the effect of unplanned development into the ecosystem 10
F1-Industries/factories /vehicles contributes to air pollution
P1-Smoke /fine solid particles can cause respiratory problem 1
P2-Oxides of nitrogen /sulphur dioxide dissolve in rain to produce acid rain 1
1
P3-(acid rain ) causing the soil become acidic/unsuitable for cultivation of crops/leaching of
mineral/corrosion of metal 1
P4-Increase carbon dioxide in atmosphere causes the green house effect. global warming 1
F2-Industrial /domestic /agricultural activities produce waste to contribute water pollution n
P5-Agro chemical /pesticides/insecticide/used by the farmer flow into the river /lead to the 1
poisoning of aquatic organism 1
P6-Agricultural run-off contain excess nitrate/Phosphate lead to eutrophication 1
P7-(eutrophication ) cause the BOD value will increase thus may harm the aquatic organism

SULIT 4551/2
P8-Effluent from electronic from electronic factories contain heavy metals/mercury/cadmium 1

kill the aquatic organism /disturb food chain
1
F3-Diacharged of hot water from industries/glass building cause thermal pollution
1
P9-Increase the water temperature in the river causing dies of aquatic organism / increase the
atmosphere temperature any 3F and any 7 P
1
(e) Development that is not planned and managed properly has brought
negative effects to the ecosystem such as land erosion, flash flood, landslides, global warming,
thinning of the ozone layer, climate change and the extinction of certain species
P1: The leave canopy in the forest protects the soil from excess rain water. 1
P2: When the forest is cleared, the soil is exposed to rain (water) / wind. 1
P3: this will cause soil erosion 1
P4:The soil that is exposed to wind will be blown to another area, 1
P5: while soil that is exposed to rain water will be eroded and deposited at the bottom of the 1
river / pond /lake. 1
P6:The soil at the hill slopes can (also) be washed away by heavy rain water
P7: resulting in land slides. 1
P8: (The deposited soil will) cause the water level to increase rapidly when it rains and 1
P9: this will in turn cause flash floods. 1
P10:Wild life species will also be threatened 1
1
P11: when their habitat is destroyed.
1
P12: Global warming will occur
1
P13:due to an increase in the Earth's temperature,
1
P14:which is caused by excess emissions of carbon dioxide/ methane/ CFC /nitrogen dioxide
(into the atmosphere). 1

SULIT 4551/2
P15:These gases trap the heat that is reflected by the Earth. 1
P16:The thinning of the ozone layer occurs
P17: when the ozone layer (that protects the Earth from ultraviolet radiation) is destroyed by 1
chlorofluorocarbons (CFC). 1
1 10
(f) Diagram shows a human activity and forest in a developing country
Discuss the effect of the activity to the environment
F-The diagram shows human activity which is deforestation
P1-Deforestation is the main cause for increasing the CO2 amount in the air
P2-this lead to greenhouse effect phenomenon 1
(a) -Forest play an important role as carbon sink of earth which absorb vast amount of carbon 1
dioxide for photosynthesis
-Greenhouse effect phenomenon promotes global warming

1
-As the temperature of world is increasing ,severe climatic change/drought occur in a certain 1
country/melting of ice at arctic /Antarctic
-Forest also act as water catchment area where rain water is absorbed and released back as
water vapour to the atmosphere 1
-Deforestation will cause soil erosion, because there are no more root to hold the soil

SULIT 4551/2
-Deforestation damages the water catchment area and leads to flash flood 1
-Deforestation also cause loss of biodiversity by 1
-destruction of natural habitat 1
1
-That leads to extinction of many animal and species
1
-there also destruction of recreational sites any
1 10
(b)
Diagram also show the activities of unplanned development in that area
Discuss the effects of these activities towards the environment
F1-Deforesation /uncontrolled logging
E1-incrases the temperature of the earth because there ar less tree to absorb carbon dioxide
/greenhouse effect //causes more areas to be expose to the winds an water /soil erosion//wind
and water will erode the soil into river
1
F2-The increase in the number of motor vehicles
1
E2-Causes an inacrese in the concentration of carbon dioxide/carbon monoxide/lead /smoke in
the air/air pollution
D3-mirrooed buildings /glass building reflect heat

1
E3-Cause thermal pollution
1
F4-Nuclaer reactor releases hot water
1

SULIT 4551/2
E4-Causes thermal pollution any 3F and 3E 1
1 6
(c) Diagram show a man walking past the dry lake bed of tasik Pedu in Kedah
Name the environmental problem shown in the diagram and how it occurs
Explain ways overcome the environmental problem that you have stated 10
Drought /global warming
Criteria:
C1-increase in the carbon dioxide in atmosphere
C2-Factor which contribute to increase of carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere
C3-Increase in global temperature
C4-Factors which contribute to the increase in global temperature
E1-Extensive cutting down of trees increases the earth temperature
E2-More carbon dioxide brings about green house effect

1
E3-incraese carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere
1
E4-Carbon dioxide trap heat
1
E5-Building with glasses reflect heat 1
E6-Increase in surrounding temperature 1

SULIT 4551/2
E7-Increase the frequency of drought 1
Step to overcome the environmental problem 1
C5: reducing burning 1
1
C6: control deforestation
1
E1-Replacing energy of fossil fuel en energy generate form wind water
1
E2-Limit opens burning
1
E3-Limit deforestation
E4-Replacing after deforestation

1
E5-Promotes green world
1
Skill to synthesize
1
Q1-Ability to relate carbon dioxide content with the increase in atmospheric tempearture and 1
means to decrease the carbon dioxide content and temperature in the atmosphere
W\Explain C1,C3,C5,C6
10
(d) Diagram show a large area of forest involved in the building of a dam
Discuss the good and bad economical and environmental effect of this development
Good effect
G1-Generate hydropower electricity
G2-Aas reservoir / to store water /supply fresh water 1

G3-Supply water for agricultural / industries

SULIT 4551/2
G4-Place/site for recreation /tourism 1
G5-Reduce the flood problem at the down stream 1
Bad effect 1
1
B1-Flooded.submerged trees /habitat of the fauna and flora
B2-Less tree /plants to carry out photosynthesis

1
B3-Amount of CO2 n the atmosphere increase
1
B4-Incraese teh impact of green house effect / global warming
1
B5-Many species of fauna and flora extinct//reduce the biodiversity
B6-Reduce the flow of water at the downstream

1
B7-Cause the populations of aquatic life st the downstream reduce
1
B8-Reduce the land used for residential /agricultural 1
B9-Flooded /destroy/loss of historical building /site 1
1 10
(e) The world population is now growing drastically
In order to fulfill the needs of the increasing population ,area of land have to be developed into
housing areas,school,factories and highways
Give an evaluation on the statement with impacts in the environmental
E-Evaluation
1m-Impact on environment
Evluation (E)
E1-Bring more bad impact to the environment 1
Impact on environment (I)
I1-Deforestion will lead to flash flood .land slide

1

SULIT 4551/2
I2-Open burning will lead to air pollution /formation of haze 1
I3-More carbon dioxide ( from open burning ) trap heat 1
I4-Lead to green house effect /Global warming 1
1
I5-Lead to changes in world climate
1
I6-Greenhouse effect /global warming incrass the earth temperature
1
I7-Destroying flora and fauna
1
I8-Migration of fauna/birds
1
I10-No more/Disrupted water catchment area
1 10
(E+any 9I)
Acid rain
(a) Diagram shows s phenomenon X which caused by air pollution
Based on the diagram name the phenomenon and explain how it occurs 4
F -acid rain
The formation of acid rain

1
E1-Burning of fossil fuel coal and oil in factories/power generator station /vehicles
E2-Produces sulphur dioxide/nitrogen dioxide/carbon dioxide

1
E3- sulphur dioxide/nitrogen dioxide/carbon dioxide dissolve in the water vapour
1
-to to form sulphuric acid/nitric acid/carbonic acid
E5-Fall to the earth with less than 5.0 ( This called acid rain ) Any 3 E 1
1 4

SULIT 4551/2
(b) Describe the effect of the phenomenon on agriculture and aquatic ecosystem and suggest ways
to prevent this phenomenon
effect: acid rain :
On agriculture
E1-Acid rain will increase the acidity of the earth//soil become acidic leaching of minerals 1
E2-Not suitable for cultivation /grow of crops 1
E3-cause some minerals to become insoluble and cannot be absorbed by the plants 1
Any 2E 1
On aquatic ecosystem
E1-Accumulation of insoluble aluminum ion /ions in water sources //will increase the acidity of
water //reduce the water pH 1
E2-Kill aquatic organism /threatens aquatic life
The ways that can be taken: 1
S1-Reduce teh burning of fossil fuel ( which acontains sulphur)
S2-Use alternative power source which is nature friendly instead of using the fossil fuel//use
solar energy/wave energy 1
1 10
(c) A group of farmers planned to develop an agriculture nearby the lake. Besides to obtaining a
high agriculture yield, they suggested that the area be made into a eco-tourism area. The
following are a part of the details of their planning

SULIT 4551/2
State the phenomena shows in both diagrams

Discuss the differences of both environmental
phenomena shown in diagram A and B based on the
following aspect
-The cause
-the effect
-the ways to overcome10
criteria
1. State the type of phenomena
C: Differences in the causes
E: Differences in the effects
S: Differences in the ways to overcome
F1-( the phenomena is) acid rain
The causes
C1-Combustion /burning of fossil fuels in power station /factories/motor/vehicles
C2-Release sulphur dioxide SO2 and in power stations factories/ motor vehicles
C3-Form sulphuric acid and nitric acid when combine with water vapour
C4-Fall to the earth as acid rain/hail/fog/frost/dew
The effect 1
Agriculture 1
E1-Leaching of minerals//the soil become acidic 1
Aquatic ecosystem : 1
E2-Incrase acidity in the aquatic ecosystem // kill phytoplankton //destroyed photosynthetic

tissues//accumulate insoluble aluminum ions in lakes and river which kill aquatic organism
1
Health :
E3-Acidicsoil release ions of certain heavy metals/ contaminate the supplynof drinking
water //irritate the lungs make breathing difficult/asthma/bronchitis
E4-Corrode metal railing bridges/damage buildings/statues/ automobiles/structures made of 1

stone /metal historical building
The ways to overcome /solution
S1-Use scrubbers ( to clean up emission from power station and industrial plants)
1

SULIT 4551/2
S2-use catalytic converters ( to clean up emission form vehicle exhausts)
1 10
(a)
Based on the diagram explain the phenomenon and its effect and its effect to the environment
Facts (F) : Name of phenomenon
Explanation (E): Formation of phenomenon
Effects (Ef)
F-( the phenomenon ) is acid rain
E1-Factories /motor vechicles released large amount of oxides of nitrogen to the atmosphere
E2-and sulphur dioxide 1

E3-Oxides of nitrogen combines woth wter vopuor (in the atmosphere) to form sulphuric acid 1
E5-The rian falls as acid rain 1
Effect: 1
Ef1-May corrode buildings
Ef2-Aquatic lives may die due to acidic water /low pH 1

SULIT 4551/2
Ef3-Mineral in soil will be dissolved
Ef4-Soil become infertile /not suitable for agriculture 1
Ef5-Plants may die due to infertile soil/acidc soil 1
1
Ef6-The ecological balance of ecosystem disrupted
1
10
(b) Diagram 9.2 shows the impact of human activity on environment.
Based on Diagram 9.2, discuss the good and bad effects of the human activity.
Able to discuss the good and bad effects of the human activity.
Sample answer:
Good effect:
G1-Produce goods / materials // any examples
G2-Use in daily life
G3-Motor vehicles for transport (Any 2)
Bad effects:
B1-Releases sulphur dioxide / nitrogen dioxide
B2-Dissolve in atmospheric water vapour
1
P1-Forms sulphuric acid / nitric acid / acid
1
P2-Down pour as acid rain

SULIT 4551/2
P3-Dissolves minerals in soil 1
P4-Less fertile for plant growth
P5-Releases poisonous chemicals / aluminium // other examples 1
1
P6-Water in rivers / lakes lower pH
1
P7-Upsets ecological balance
1
P8-Death of planktons / flora / fauna
1
P9-Destruction of food chain / web
1
P10-Extinction of species
1
P11-Acid cause leaves turn purple / death
1
P12-Destroy marbles / buildings // other examples
1
10
(c) Diagram shows a phenomenon in the ecosystem due to an unplanned development

SULIT 4551/2
Based on diagram explain the phenomenon and its effect to the environment 1
P1-Factories released large amount of oxides of nitrogen and sulphiur dioxide to the
atmosphere
1
P2-Oxides of nitrogen combines with vapour ( in atmosphere ) to form nitric acid
1
P3-Sulphur dioxide combine with water vapour ( in the atmoopsheree ) to form sulphuric acid 1
P4-The rain falls as acid rain 1
P5-May corrode building 1
P6-aquatic lives may die due to the acidic water /low pH 1
P7-Minerals in soil will be washed into the rivers 1
P8-Soil becomes infertile/not suitable for agriculture 1
1 7
P9-Plants may die due to infertile soil /acidic soil
(d) Diagram 9 shows one phenomenon in the ecosystem due to an unplanned development.
Based on the Diagram 9, explain the phenomenon and its effect to the environment.
Factor + Explanation:
F – (Name the effect) (The phenomenon) is acid rain
E1 – Factors / motor vehicles / factory released large amount of nitrogen oxyde

SULIT 4551/2
E2 - and sulfur dioxyde 1
E3 – oxyde of nitrogen combine with water vapour (in atmosphere) to form nitric acid. 1
E4 – sulphur dioxyde combined with water vapour (in atmosphere) to form sulphuric acid. 1
1
E5 – the rain fall as the acid rain.
1
Effect:
E1: may corrode the building

1
E2: acidic water cause aquatic animal died.
E3: minerals in soil dissolved/washed into river.

1
E4: soil becomes infertile / not suitable for plant to growth.
1
E5: Less yield / plant become die because the infertile soil.
1
E6: The ecological balance of ecosystem disrupt 1
1 10
(e) Diagram 9 shows a newspaper cutting on one of the effect of environmental pollution
Explain the causes of the phenomena shown in diagram and the effects on the environmental
and organisms
Suggest ways to minimize the effect of this phenomenon 10
C1-The cause of acid rain

SULIT 4551/2
C2-The effect of acid rain to the environment
C3-Sugesstion on how to overcome the problem 1
Cause of acid rain: 1
1
F1-The combustion of fossil fuel from power stations factories / domestic boilers/vehicles
release large quantities of sulphur dioxide / SO2 and oxide of nitrogen /NO and NO2 1
F2-Both sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen combine with water vapour in the 1
atmosphere to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid respectively
1
F3-They will fall back to the earth as acid rain
1
F4-Rain is naturally acidic with pH about 5.6 due to the presence of dissolved carbonic acid 1
F5-The pH of rain is however are less than 5.0 MAX 4 marks 1
Effect of acid rain: 1
Agriculture: 1
F1-The soil becomes very acidic and unsuitable for the cultivation of crops
F2-Acid rain cause the leaching of mineral such as potassium / calcium /magnesium which 1
affect the growth of crops
Aquatic ecosystem:
F3-Acid rain cause insoluble aluminum ions to accumulate in the lakes and river. An
increase in the accumulation of these ion can kill aquatic organism (such as fish/ and

SULIT 4551/2
invertebrates) 1
Health:
F3-Acid rain releases the ions of certain heavy metals such as cadmium/ lead/ mercury which
may contaminate / harm the supply of drinking water
F5-Increased acidity in the aquatic ecosystem also kills phytoplankton (which changes the 1
food chain)
F6- Photosynthetic tissue is destroyed. Plant leaves turn yellow and fall off. The root are
1
damaged and cannot absorb minerals
1
Building
F7-Metal railing and bridge corrode
F-Limestone/stonework/marble monument are corroded due to chemical weathering
1
Suggestion to overcome the problem: 1
F1-Cleaning up emission form power station and industrial plants with scrubber. This process
involves the spraying of water trap pollutants
F2-Aleaning up emission form vehicles exhausts through the use of catalytic converters .The
1
pollutants react with one another in the catalytic converter. The pollutant reacts with one
another in the catalytic converter to produce less harmful products
10

SULIT 4551/2
Water pollution
(a)
Diagram shows huamn activities which are carried out near a river
Explain one type of pollution that occurs at site Q
F1-water pollution
E1-Effluent /phosphate /any suitable pollutant are released from the factory release into
the river
F2-Thermal pollution 1
E2-Hot water form teh factory is released into the river which reduce dissolves oxygen 1
in the river
(b) The farmer at site P spray a large amount of pesticide in their agriculture activity
Diagram show a food chain at site R

SULIT 4551/2
Explain why the tissue in the food contain a higher level of pesticide molecule compared to the
algae
P1-Algae absorbs the contaminated water /chemicals
P2-The tadpoles feeds on the algae 1

P3-The chemical in the algae will accumulate in the tadpole body tissue 1
P4-The fish feeds on the tadpole 1
P5-Will cause the chemical (accumulated) in the body tissue of the tadpole 1
P6-The fish will have a higher concentration of chemical in their body tissues 1
(c) (d) Explain the impact of human activities at site Q on humans
Impact 1 : lack of clean water supply 1
P1-Water effluent form factories contain numerous containmination /pollution .chemicals 1
1
P2-Leads to disease example diarrhea /cholera/any suitable example which threaten health
1
Impact 2 : reduction of fresh water fish/food /aquatic organism /natural resources
1
P1-Lack of food/protein for human /any suitable impact and explanation
1
P2-Destruction of food chain //aquatic organism die
1
Eutrophication
(a) Diagram show the changes that occurs in a lake due to the human activities

SULIT 4551/2
Based in the diagram ,explain how the activities cause the changes in a lake
F-The condition of river is the result of eutrophication
P1-Farmers use fertilizer that usually contains nitrates/phosphate 1
P2-Fertilizer/animal waste/silage which contain nitrate /phosphate may washed out in water 1
when they are supplied with extra nitrate/(phosphate)
P4-( they may grow sa much ) that they completely cover the water 1
P5-Block out the light intensity for plants growing beneath them 1
P6-Photosyntehsis rate reduced 1
P8-Plant on the top of water and beneath water eventually die 1
1
P9-Their remains are good source of food becteria//bacteria decomposed the dead plant
rapidly //bacteria breed rapidly 1
P10-The large population of bacteria repires, using up oxygen , si there is very little oxygen left 1
for other living organism
P11-BOD increase
1
P12-Those fosh /aquatic animal which need oxygen move to other areas or die any 10 P
1 10

SULIT 4551/2
(b)
Explain the differences in BOD value between site P and Site R? 4
P1-the BOD value in site P is lower than site R
P2-Becayuse R is at the down stream

1
P3-More pollutants accumulated in R
1
P4-The river water flow from agriculture area /P to palm oil factory
1
P5-The higher/increase in organic substances in the river will increase the population f bacteria
decomposition //more aquatic organism die //less oxygen dissolved in the river water (at R) 1
/resulting the BOD to increase
impact 3: Destruction of food chain 1

P1-Accumulation of chemical in human
P2-Through food chains/taking fresh water food
P3-Caner /mutation /disease 1
When sewage is released into the pond gradually, the number and the size of aquatic animals 1
increase but when more sewage into the pond all the aquatic animals die 1
(c) Explain how this affect the pond ecosystem and the balanced of nature
sewage released gradually
E1-Sewage has nitrate and phosphate salts which encourages algae growth 1
1
E2-Algae is the main produce of food for aquatic organism will increase Sewage content
increase
E3-Aquatic animal will get enough food encouraging their growth and reproduction 1

SULIT 4551/2
E4-The size and numbers o aquatic organism will thus increase 1
Sewage content increase
E5-Sewage increase will cause algae to grow and reproduce rapidly

1
E6-Algae will cover the pond surface this prevent sunlight from reaching aquatic plants at the
bottom of pond 1
E7-The submerged aquatic pl ants will die as they cannot photosynthesis
E8-The decomposition by bacteria will take place using oxygen 1
E9-The dissolve oxygen level will drop 1
E10-Aquatic animal will die to lack of oxygen in water 1
1 10
(d) Diagram show a pond nearby a factory area
Based on diagram, describe the effect of this activity to the pond, Explain the effect of this
condition on the aquatic organism in pond 10
Condition of the pond is the result of eutrophication
P1-Caused by nitrate form the factories leach into the pond P2-(caused by ) leaching of
nitrate/phosphate form palm oil estate
P3-Excess nutrient encourages the rapid growth of algae/algae bloom
P4-Algae grow water than their consumes , so many die 9 without being consumed form
organic matter)

SULIT 4551/2
P5-Algae covered the surface of pond 1
P6-restrict the penetration of light into water cause the rate of photosynthesis in aquatic plants
reduced /aquatic plant die
1
F2-Water pollution caused by sewage /domestic waste/human faces/garbage from rubbish 1
dumps form residential area
P6-Pond contains a lot of organic matter

1
P7-The decaying organic matter
1
P7-The decaying organic matter is broken down by decomposing microorganism /aerobic
bacteria
1
P8-Incrasing in the BOD result in a depletion of oxygen // reduction in the amount of dissolve
oxygen in the pond
F3-Imvalance to the aquatic food web 1
P9-( the low level of oxygen dissolve) kills aquatic organism like fresh water shrimps/mayfly 1
nymphs 1
P1o-If grow and release toxic gases / hydrogen sulphide/kill fish/tubifex worms /sludge worm
appear
1
1 10
(e)
Type of plants : Strawberry and rose plant.
Location : Near a natural lake.
Type of fertilizers used: Compost, lead nitrate salt, potassium nitrate, magnesium ,nitrate
and phosphate

SULIT 4551/2
Based on the detail above, explain the effect on the lake if their planning is not
managed properly.
F1 - the leaching of chemical fertilizer/phosphate/nitrate from agriculture area to the lake

1
E1 - Increase the fertility of the lake
1
E2 - Encourages eutrophication (encourage algal growth)
1
F2 - The growth alga prevent the light from reaching the base of the lake
1
E3 – This reduces and prevents photosynthesis by aquatic plant.
1
E4 – Reduce the oxygen release 1
E5 – Aquatic plants and animals die due to lack oxygen. 1
F3 – decomposition of dead plants, animals and organic matter by saprophytic bacteria accurse 1
E6 – This will decrease the dissolved oxygen content 1
F5 – BOD increase the water polluted 1
E7 – This cause the aquatic animals die.

1 10
(d) Diagram 8.2 shows a section of a river that flows through rural and urban areas

SULIT 4551/2
People live in residential area complained that the river water has turned green and many
Fishes die.
Explain the phenomenon
F1 : Eutrophication occur
P1 : Farmers use fertilizers that usually contains nitrates/phosphate
P2: Fertilizer/animal waste/silage which contain nitrate/phosphate

1
may washed out in water when it rains/leaching/run into the river.
1
P3: Increase the nutrient content in the river
1
P4 : Algae in the river grow faster (when they are supplied with extra
1
nitrate/(phosphate)/ Algal bloom
1
P5: (they may grow so much) that they completely cover the water. 1
P6: block the sunlight to reach the plants in the water. 1
P7: Rate of photosynthesis decrease/ not occur 1
P8 : The aquatic plants die 1
P9 : Bacteria decomposed dead plant 1
P10: Population of bacteria increase 1
1
P11: oxygen in the water used up by the bacteria
1
P12: Dissolve oxygen also reduced/ BOD increase
1
P13: Caused aquatic plants and fish die
1
Thermal pollution

SULIT 4551/2
(a)
Explain the effect of the phenomenon on the organism in the river
F1-The phenomenon is thermal pollution
E1-Thermal pollution occurs when there is an increase in the temperature of water source or
excessive heat in the environment
1
E2-High temperature /heat reduces the level of dissolved oxygen in water
E3-Aerobic aquatic organism will die

1
E4-Highg temperature can cause some aquatic organism die
E5-Increase in temparature encourage some algae to grow rapidly 1

E6-Lead to high BOD value F + any 3E 1
1 4
The greenhouse effect

(b) The following statements are human activities in an ecosystem
The use of chlorofluorocarbon in air conditioners and refrigerator
Combustion of fossil fuel in the factories
Based on the statement, discuss how the activities endanger the ecosystem

SULIT 4551/2
F1-(CFC) cause depletion of ozone layer 1
E1-Penetration of excess /more UV rays 1
E2-Skin cancer/melanoma/sunburns/cataract//any suitable example 1
1
E3-Reduce body immune system
1
E4-Leaf cells and chlorophyll are easily damaged //lower rate of photosynthesis
1
E5-Kill microorganism/phytoplankton
1
E6-Distruption /destruction of food chain /web
1
E7-Climatic changes//any suitable example
1
E8-Surrounding temperature increases
F2-(combustion of fossil fuel) causes acid rain //air pollution

1
E7-Factories release a large amount of nitrogen oxide/nitrogen dioxide/sulphur dioxide/carbon 1
monoxides/dust in the atmosphere
E8-Acid rain –soil become acidic (so less suitable for the cultivation of food chain /food web
1
E10-Photosynthetic tissue are destroyed//root damaged and cannot absorb mineral /water lower
1
rate of photosynthesis
E11-Metal railing /bridges corrodes / any suitable example

1
E12-Health problem: asthma/bronchitis/and any suitable respiratory problem
1
E13-Skin and eye irritation /conjunctivitis
1 10
(c)
(d) Figure shows an environment phenomenon

SULIT 4551/2
Describe how the phenomenon in figure occurs
P1-The phenomenon is the greenhouse effect
P2-Carbono dioxide ,chlorofluocarbon ( CFCs) methane , nitrous oxide and water vopour make
up the green house gases
P3-Greenhouse gases produces by burning of fossil 1

P4-Also produced belching from cattle and anaerobic respiration in paddy field 1
P5-Effect of deforestation 1
P6-Sunlight enter the earth’s atmosphere 1
P7-Most of the radiation is absorb by the earth 1
1
P8-Some radiation is absorbed by th earth
1
P9-Accumulated/imcreased concentration of green house gases trapped the radiated heat
1
P10-Warm the atmosphere
1
1 8
Suggest ways to minimize the effect of this phenomenon
P1-Reduce burning of fossil fuel 1
P2-Use alternative energy sources 1
1
P2-Slow down deforestation for farming ot rice growing
1 3
P4-Replant trees which have been cut down
(a) Based on diagram a phenomenon which occurs in the earth’s atmosphere

SULIT 4551/2
Name this phenomenon and explain the effect of the phenomenon on the environment if the
concentration levels of carbon dioxide, CO2 are increasing
P1-This is called the greenhouse effect 1

P2-The increase in carbon dioxide concentration traps heat 1
P3-Causes a rise in the earth’s temperature 1
P4-The melting of polar ice raises the sea level Any 3P 1
F3-Habitat destruction 1
E5-Extinxction of flora and fauna 1
1
E6-Loss of biodiversity
1
F4-Incrase of carbon dioxide in atmosphere
1
E7-Greenhouse effect
1
E8-Global warming
1 10
E9-Climatic change
(b) Figure 7 shows the events leading to the greenhouse effect
With reference to figure 7, describe the steps involved in the formation of the greenhouse
effect5 by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane
- solar radiation warms the earth’s surface

SULIT 4551/2
- heat energy is reradiated back into the atmosphere
- some heat energy escapes into space 1
- heat energy is reradiated back to the earth 1
1 3
(c) In many parts of the world, forests are being cut down and burned.
Explain why this may be contributing to the greenhouse effect.
in slash-and-burn agriculture, the burning trees increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in 1
the atmosphere
- trees photosynthesis using carbon dioxide thus deforestation leads to less carbon dioxide 1
being removed from atmosphere
- less carbon dioxide is able to be locked up in trees.

1
- As trees die and tree stumps left to rot, microbial activity during decomposition also releases
carbon dioxide
1
- Carbon dioxide is greenhouse gas. It absorbs energy radiated by earth, some of these energy
reradiated back thus increasing the surface temperature
1 5
(d) Describe the other causes besides deforestation and the overall effects of the enhanced
greenhouse effect.10
- the greenhouse effect is further worsened by the combustion of fossil fuel in motor
vehicles in power stations to generate electricity and in industries 1
- these activities produce large quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
- the setting up of large cattle ranches to cater for the growing human population leads to 1
massive emissions of methane gas from the belching of these animals and the
decomposition of their wastes.
1
- As the world population strives for higher standards of living, there is an increased use
of CFCs in products like air-conditioning and during the production of packaging
materials

SULIT 4551/2
- The rapid decomposition of humus, combustion of fossil fuels use of nitrogen or nitrate 1
fertilizer contributes to the production of nitrogen oxides which is another greenhouse
gas
- The increase in the concentration of these greenhouse gases would then lead to
increasing surface temperatures on earth as they trap and reflect heat back to the earth 1
- This may lead to an increase in photosynthesis which is about the only positive effect
of an enhanced greenhouse effect
- More alarmingly however the greenhouse effect may change the local and global 1
climate causing a shift in vegetation and vectors
- This may also lead to extinction of certain species of organisms which are unable to
adapt to the changing environment
1
- Glaciers may start to melt thus increasing the sea levels. This leads to flooding in low
lying areas around the globe 1
1 10
(e) As an environmental activist, explain the green house effect and discuss some human activities
that can lead to the greenhouse effect. Give suggestion to the public on measure to be taken to
reduce the greenhouse effect 10
Phenomenon of green house effect:
F1-the greenhouse effect is an effect in the at atmosphere as a result of presence of certain
gases known as green house gases
E2-Carbon dioxide, Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) methane, nitrous oxide and low level ozone
1
and water vapour make up the green house gases
E3-As the earth is warmed, heat in the form of infrared radiation is radiated back into the
space. However. Much of this heat does not escape, instead remains trapped by the green
1
house gases
E4-At the same time, greenhouse also radiated heat ( in form of infrared radiation ) back to
the earth
1
E5-This similar to the glass planes of a green house which traps heat and warm the green
house, hence the term greenhouse effect MAX 4marks

SULIT 4551/2
Factors contributing t o the greenhouse effect s
F1-Burning of fossil fuel coal-fired power stations/vehicle exhausts/open burning / industrial 1

effluents like to an increase in the amount of atmospheric co2
F2-logging /deforestation causes’ abundance amount of co2 in the atmosphere is not for 1
photosynthesis
F3-As the concentration of green house gases rises the green house effect become more
pronounced 1
F4-Biuliding with planes reflects more heat, thus worsen the green house effects
1
F5-As more heat is trapped, the earth’s average temperature rises leading to global
warming 1
MAX 4 10
(f) Suggestion on measure to be taken to minimize the problem
E1-Reduce the burning of fossil fuels to conserve energy 1
E2-Develop alternative sources of energy such as wind/solar/biogas/and geothermal energy 1
1
E3-Reduce deforestation for farming purposes
1
E4-Replanting after deforestation
E5-Polocies that control the emission of green house gases form industrial site must be
reinforced and strictly implemented 1
E6-Promotes green world Max 2 marks

1 2

SULIT 4551/2
(g)
Explain how the phenomenon happens and its effect on the environment
C: causes of the phenomenon 1
E: Effect of the phenomenon 1
F1-this s phenomenon is called green house effect 1
1
C1-combustion of fossil fuel from vehicles/factories/forest burning/coal – fire power station
1
C2-excessive deforestation
C3-Increase carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere caused by industries

1
C4-Pollutant/CFC/methane
1
E1-Carbon dioxide traps heat /infra red light /long wave radiation
E2-Increase in global/ world atmospheric temperature/ cause a rise in earth temperature/global 1
warming 1
E3-melting of polar ice/rise in the sea levels
1 10
(h) Suggests measure needed to be taken to overcome the phenomenon

P1-use alternative source of energy to reduce the usage of fossil fuel energy generated from
wind /water solar 1
P2-Restrict open burning/forest burning /use incinerator
P3-Reduce deforestation for farming/other development projects 1
P4-Selective harvesting /logging/cut matured tree only 1
P4-Replanting more trees which have been cut down 1
P6-The use of technology/unleaded petrol/catalytic converter 1

SULIT 4551/2
The thinning of ozone layer

(a)
(i) State the phenomena shows in both diagrams
Discuss the differences of both environmental phenomena shown in diagram A and B based on
the following aspect
-The cause
-the effect
-the ways to overcome10
criteria
1. State the type of phenomena
2. C: Differences in the causes
3. E: Differences in the effects
4. S: Differences in the ways to overcome
Diagram B
F2-( the phenomena is) thinning depletion of ozone layer
The causes
P1-Coolant in air conditioners and refrigerators/ propellants in aerosol cans/insulating foam
P2Release chlorofluorocarbon / CFC molecule 1

P3Ultraviolet radiation ( strikes a chlorofluorocarbon /CFC molecule and ) causes a chlorine
atom to break away//break the bond to release the chlorine atom
1
P4Chorine atom ( collides and destroys the ozone molecule ( to form chlorine monoxide and

SULIT 4551/2
oxygen molecule) 1
P5Leaf cell and chlorophyll are damaged by ultraviolet rays// lower the rate of
photosynthesis//reduce crop yield
1
P6Ultraviolet rays kill microorganism .phyplankton//destroy//disrupt the marine food chain
P7Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation lead to skin cancer / melanoma/cataract

/weakened the immune system 1
P8-Green house effect/ global warming //damage the eggs of certain amphibians //wind
patterns change //climatic changes
1
P9-The ways to overcome /solution
1
P10-Reduce/stop/ban the use of Chlorofluorocarbon /CFC
P11-The world comply with the Montreal protocol to reduce the use of CFCs ( to cut the use of
CFC’s in half of CFC in half by the year 1997) Any 10 1
11
(b) Diagram 8.2 shows another environmental phenomenon which has become a current topic
discussion
Name this phenomenon and discuss the effect of the phenomenon on human and ecosystem
The phenomenon is known as thinning/depletion of the ozone layer
P1-More ultraviolet ray reaches the earth surface
P2-Ultra-violet ray will deteriorate/weaken thee human’s body immune system

SULIT 4551/2
P3-An increase in the number of people suffering from skin cancer/melanoma/cataract 1
P4-High ultraviolet rays destroy phytoplankton 1
P5-break the food chain of marine life/the aquatic ecosystem 1
1
P6-The number of stomata/chlorophyll of leaves will be reduced
1
P7-Rate of photosynthesis decreases
1
P8-Changes in climatic pattern F with any 5P
1
1 6
(c) Explain the concept sustained development and need for it to protect our environment
F-(sustainable development refers to the measure undertaken to ensure that human activity 1
optimally utilize Earth natural resources such that they can be replenish naturally//suitable
explanation
P1-Sustainable development is necessary as the rate at which man is using the finite natural
resources will compromise future generation‘s demands //suitable explanation 1
Necessary to exploit natural resources and at at the same time measure taken so that these
resource can be replenish and be available for the future generation 1
P2-Ultimately, the natural resources, if continued to be depleted, will no longer be able to
sustain human society//suitable explanation
1
P3-Which make up the surrounding we live in and survive upo n
P5-Includes proper usage of renewable resources

1
P6-Inorder to maintain a stable ecosystem 1
F + ant 3P
1 4
The importance of proper management of development activities and the ecosystem

SULIT 4551/2
(a) Explain the important of preservation and conservation of tropical rainforest in Malaysia for the
purpose of sustainable management of ecosystem
1. Sustainable management of tropical rainforest
2. Explain the importance o conservation and preservation
F1-replanting trees in areas that have been logged//reforestation 1
E1-To keep the ecosystem in their natural state (which provides aesthetic value for
humans)//preserve natural resource for outdoor/recreational; activities//eco-tourism //reduce
1
stress//promotes healthy life style
E2-To maintain soil fertility
E3-T prevent food / soil erosion/landslide/(muddy) float/(flash) flood

1
E4-To avoid species extinction //to prevent extinction of flora and fauna/organism /species
1
E5-As an economic resource//source of raw material for construction industry/piling.
1
Furniture/boats/houses /production of charcoal/tannin /food / other suitable example //provide
foods to human // resources for study /education /research 1
F2-Selecive logging E5-To maintain a balanced ecosystem / to allow maximum interaction

among teh living organism /biotic and abiotic factors
E6-To maintain major sources of human biotic and abiotic factors

1
E7-Ti sustain n food web /food chain in the ecosystem
E8-To prevent disruption of natural cycle of water /carbon balance oxygen between CO2 in the 1
atmosphere.//provide O 2 reduce CO2
1
E9-to decrease the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere// to reduce the green house effect
1
global warming
E10-to maintain the biodiversity of the forest // maintaining /increasing biodiversity

/complexity/veriety of organism /species /flora and fauna 1
E11-To avoid lost of wildlife/ potential resources E12-To avoid loss of water areas //provide
natural water catchment area
1
E13-Maintaining (normal) weather (pattern) by minimize climatic changes drought / harsh

SULIT 4551/2
climate / maintain temperature 1
E14-As a site for breeding feeding of flora and fauna serving as valuable nursery area for
organism
1
(b)
Based on th above information ,Explain how recycle practice able to preserve the balance of
environment 10
The tree
F1-Less tree will be chopped/felled
P1-More CO2 absorbed by the trees for photosynthesis
P2-Avoid the increasing o CO2 in the atmosphere
P3-Reudce the impact of green house effect/. Global warming

SULIT 4551/2
P4-Less habitat of fauna and flora will be destroyed 1
P5-Reduce /avoid the extinction of fauna and flora 1

P6-To maintain /preserve the biodiversity
the oil .fuel //save energy 1

F2-Reudce the burning of oil /fuel 1
P7-More fuel energy can be preserved for future 1
P-Less green gases /acidic gases released
P9-Reduce/avoid the impact of green house effect /acid rain 1
The landfill will be opened F3-Less land fill will be opened 1
1
P10-Landfill cause leaching /.ground water pollution
1
P11-Less disease /health problem caused by the improper managed landfill
1
The Water
F4-Less used water/effluent/ untreated seawage released into river

1
P12-Reduce .avoid the impact of water pollution /avoid the extinction of aquatic organisms
any 10 1
10
(c) Diagram show an ecosystem

SULIT 4551/2
Explain why the ecosystem in diagram 8.2 has to be preserved and conserved 10
F-Ot provides human with necessities of life
P-Is a resource for food /timber to build shelter/ as a fuel/fibers for clothing
1
F-Many plant species are original sources of pharmaceutical drugs/medicines
1
P-New commodities, for example, new crop plants or medicinal material could be in the forest
1
F-Allow for biological control to maintain stable population
P-Regulate climatic conditions biogeochemical cycles, prevent flooding

1
Natural ecosystem and species in the wild are beautiful
1
P-there is much pleasure to be derived form unspoilt natural environment
1
F-Ecotourism
1
P-Could provide income for some countries 1
1 10
A paddy field area is developed into an industrial area as shown in Diagram
Discuss the good and the bad social, economic and environmental effects of this development.
Good Effect (G) Explanation (P)
G1: Provides job opportunity P1: Improve economic status
G2: Provides infrastructure basic needs P2: Build up schools/ clinics to upgrade quality/ better
opportunity in education
G3: Provides better living condition/ P3: Have good sanitation system/ hygienic water
convenient place for settlement supply/ better electric supply
G4: Convenient transport system P4: Faster transportation/ save time to move from one
place to another

SULIT 4551/2
Bad Effect (B) Explanation (P)

B1: Area/ paddy field exposed to land P5: During heavy rain, soil particles are washed away
reclamation to the river/ water source leads to muddy flood/
leaching
B2: Habitat for flora/ fauna/ paddy field P6: Extinction of flora/ fauna in the area// less
are destroyed agricultural productivity in the area
B3: Air/ water/ thermal/ sound pollution P7: Due to the release of pollutants into the
environments// causes diseases/ bronchitis/ asthmatic/
stress// leads to decrease in health quality
B4: Increase population in the area P8: Leads to social problems
(d) Most of the human activities cause a lot of problems to the ecosystem.
Discuss the importance of planned activities to avoid destruction of the ecosystem 10
Logging
A – uncontrolled logging can cause destruction of the habitat

1
E – also can caused the'extinction of flora and fauna
1
- destroy the water catchments-area so, it disturb the fresh water supply
1
- can caused the muddy flood, flash flood, soil erosion and global warming
1
P - So the logging activities should be planned to avoid t hose effect
- Planned logging can be done by replanting logging at the certain area which contain only old
1
timber tree.
Motor vehicles
A - can caused air pollution because the smoke contain Plumbum, carbon monoxide, carbon d
ioxide, 1
E – carbon monoxide can caused death if inhaled in large amount, because it reduced the
ability of oxygen transportation by red blood cells 1
- Plumbum can cause cancer
- Carbon dioxide and heat from the smoke,it will increase the world temperature so it can cause 1
global warming
P - So using of motor vehicle can be reduce by using car pool, use the public transportation and

SULIT 4551/2
filter the smoke released 1
Open burning 1
A - can cause hazard
E - it will decrease the distance of vision can increases the health problem related w ith lung
and respiratory tract
P - So it can be reduce by avoid the open burning or burn the garbage in the specific place( in 1
close area)/incinerator
1
Farming and A agriculture
A – Farmer used chemical fertilizer it can cause the eutrophication 1

E - can cause extinction of flora and f fauna
P - Use organic fertilizer or increase the fertility of the soil
OR 1
A_use pesticide to kill the pest, it can caused air pollution and water pollution 1
1
E-can cause extinction of flora and fauna
P-use biological control to control the population of pest
1 10
(e) (e) Discuss the importance in maintaining a balanced ecosystem in a river
F-A balanced ecosystem ina river must be maintain 1
P1-When water pollution occurs//chemical content is very high 1
1
P2-Sunlight penetration is reduced/amount of dissolved oxygen very low
1

SULIT 4551/2
P3-Plants /producer do not carry out photosynthesis
P4-First consumer species/herbivores/carnivores do not receive enough energy//destruction of 1

energy flow
P5-Very high decomposition .eutrophication 1

P6-Aquatic organisms die /extinct//destruction of food chain 1
P7-Rover becomes shallower/causing flooding over flow of water Any5 1 5

191581805-BIOLOGY-form-4-Chapter-9 Pelajar

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

191581805-BIOLOGY-form-4-Chapter-9 Pelajar

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SULIT 4551/2

Chapter 9 : Endanger Ecosystem 2014

The impact of human activities on the ecosystem

No Marking scheme Marks

(a) Diagram shows the mankind activities

Harmful effect to mankind and surrounding:

P1-Industries, factories, and vehicles contribute to air p____________

P9-C__________ change occur

P11-Cause instant death /reduction of a____________ species 1

Module biology Trial Paper collection

4551/2 ©All Right Reserved SULIT

P12-Implementation of law to reduce pollution n

P13-use unlead petrol/sewage treatment

No Marking scheme Marks

B1-Brings more bad impact than good impact to the environment

B8-Destroying flora and fauna 1

B10-Lead to loss of herbs for medical purpose /timber 1

Module biology Trial Paper collection

4551/2 ©All Right Reserved SULIT

B11-Distruption / no more water catchment area Any 10 1

Explain the impact of these human activities on the ecosystem

P6 Form acid rain

No Marking scheme Marks

(c) P9 Increase carbon dioxide concentration 1

P10 Heat is trapped by green house gases 1

Module biology Trial Paper collection

4551/2 ©All Right Reserved SULIT

P12 Leads to climatic change// increase sea level// flash flood 1

Diagram Shows evidence of development urbanization and industrial practices. TI needed to

Justify the effect of unplanned development into the ecosystem 10

F1-Industries/factories /vehicles contributes to air pollution

P1-Smoke /fine solid particles can cause respiratory problem 1

P2-Oxides of nitrogen /sulphur dioxide dissolve in rain to produce acid rain 1

F2-Industrial /domestic /agricultural activities produce waste to contribute water pollution n

Module biology Trial Paper collection

4551/2 ©All Right Reserved SULIT

P8-Effluent from electronic from electronic factories contain heavy metals/mercury/cadmium 1

No Marking scheme Marks

P4:The soil that is exposed to wind will be blown to another area, 1

P7: resulting in land slides. 1

P9: this will in turn cause flash floods. 1

P10:Wild life species will also be threatened 1

Module biology Trial Paper collection

4551/2 ©All Right Reserved SULIT

P15:These gases trap the heat that is reflected by the Earth. 1

P16:The thinning of the ozone layer occurs

(f) Diagram shows a human activity and forest in a developing country

Discuss the effect of the activity to the environment

F-The diagram shows human activity which is deforestation

P2-this lead to greenhouse effect phenomenon 1

No Marking scheme Marks

-Greenhouse effect phenomenon promotes global warming

Module biology Trial Paper collection

4551/2 ©All Right Reserved SULIT

-Deforestation also cause loss of biodiversity by 1

-destruction of natural habitat 1

Diagram also show the activities of unplanned development in that area

Discuss the effects of these activities towards the environment

F1-Deforesation /uncontrolled logging

D3-mirrooed buildings /glass building reflect heat

Module biology Trial Paper collection

4551/2 ©All Right Reserved SULIT

E4-Causes thermal pollution any 3F and 3E 1