Mobile Part 3

Design and fabrication of mobile scissors lift Batch 2016-2020
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A mobile scissors lift apparatus having a wheeled tube chassis and a platform
connected together by one or more scissors arm assemblies, each scissors arm assembly
including a center arm and two outside support arms pivotally connected at their longitudinal
midpoint, adjacent scissors arm assemblies connected in series at the ends of the center arms
and at the ends of the outside support arms, a gear system pivotally connected to the chassis
and pivotally connected to the pivot axis of the lowermost scissors arm assembly, the pivot
connection between adjacent outside support arms comprising common castings, each casting
having a pair of longitudinally extending, longitudinally offset ears, the ears of one casting
engaged and pinned with the ears of a second axially rotated casting. The lift platform
sustained through a double system of support scissors in its lower part, which offers the
mechanical upward and downward motion in a vertical plane and on a base frame, which in
its turn is activated by a gear mechanism. The lift platform is characterized because it also
includes a motor unit which operates electronically to automatically control the desired
position in its upward or downward motion originated by the movement of the mobile arms
of the scissors on a track in the horizontal plane. This invention relates to a new and
improved cart, and more particularly to a compact mobile cart with a platform supported on a
pair of scissor systems vertically adjustable for positioning a load at different heights to
eliminate stooping.
In maintenance and stock work, for example, it is often necessary to move tool boxes
or supplies from one location to another location. In the past, carts used in moving
maintenance tools or small stock have either been of the four wheel type having a fixed
platform approximately waist high, or of the two wheel tillable dolly type, having a platform
near ground level. The four wheel type is difficult to move in confined spaces or over hoses
or up stairs and requires much wasted movement to obtain tools or stock when working
below the fixed height of the load carrying platform. The two wheel dolly type, although
more maneuverable, requires constant stooping to obtain tools or stock.
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering Thejus Engineering College
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
1) Charles L. Larson U.S Patent No. 3,246,876 (2006) Mobile scaffold with series-
connected hydraulic motor drive ;- A base frame with four wheels, two of which are
powered by separate hydraulic motors connected in series so that the fluid flowing
through one motor then flows through the other. A speed control is provided whereby the
constant output of a hydraulic pump either passes entirely through the motors or is
partially bypassed around the pump.
2) Daniel Pulisic U.S Patent No.3,217,836 (2016) Mobile and adjustable scaffold system
for tunnel roofing and other applications ;- An improved scaffold system suitable for
tunnel roofing and siding, and other applications above and below the ground is
disclosed. This invention is a diesel powered, hydraulically actuated, mobile and
adjustable scaffold system that an operator can drive into a work area, such as a tunnel.
Once at the work area, the operator can address the work face head on, and can adjust the
work piece carried on the work bearing surface of the system in every possible
dimension. This invention comprises a self-powered vehicle assembly and a multi-table
assembly. The vehicle assembly provides a general level of mobility and maneuverability
to the entire system. The multi-table assembly mounted on top of the vehicle assembly
includes several movable tables, the top one of which supports a work bearing surface.
The multi-table assembly provides further and more detailed mobility and
maneuverability to the work bearing surface of the system so as to provide for precise
adjustment and positioning of a work piece situated on the work bearing surface relative
to the work face where the work piece is to be placed.
3) Enoch L. Newlin U.S Patent No.6,044,927 (2015) Scissors lift with pipe handler ;- A
vehicle has a mobile, self-propelled chassis with a platform extendable upwardly by a
motor and scissors linkage. A lever is pivotally connected to the chassis and has pipe
grabs on the free end; the lever is raised to deposit a pipe on rails on the platform. A
vertical hydraulic motor on the platform has saddles for lifting a pipe from the rail to a
higher elevation.
4) George L.Coad, Walnut Creek, James C.Carter U.S Patent No.3,785,462 (2016) Self-
contained mobile extendable tower ;- A self-contained mobile extendable tower for
transferring loads, including workmen, between ground and higher levels utilizing a
2
plurality of multiple stage mast assemblies maintained accurately synchronized despite

non-uniform load distribution by simple electrical sensor means carried by the load
platform. The platform is suspended from yoke means projecting upwardly from the
platform and having its upper ends connected to the last stage of the respective mast
assemblies. A common prime mover, such as an internal combustion engine or an electric
motor, is coupled by a reversible transmission to separate reversible pumps supplying a
respective one of the masts with pressurized fluid. The chassis on which the tower is
supported is self-propelled and steerable from a control station on the load platform.
5) Hong LAM ,Thomhill U.S Patent No. 0169158 (2008) Mobile Appliance Lift Tool ;-
A mobile appliance lift tool is provided which includes a cart having a frame and a pair of
legs. Each leg has a sleeve pivotally attaching the leg to an end of the frame. Each sleeve
is adapted to travel up and down the leg to selectively move the frame between a
substantially horizontal configuration and a substantially inclined configuration. The tool
includes a strut, a support platform having a horizontal orientation, a bottom frame, and a
lift mechanism engaged between the support platform and the bottom frame to move the
support platform toward and away from the bottom frame, while maintaining the support
platform's horizontal orientation. The strut is mounted to the bottom frame and pivotally
attached to the end of the cart's frame so that the strut is disposed in a horizontal
orientation when the frame is moved to either the horizontal or the inclined configuration.
6) James C.Alexander U.S Patent No. 5,460,460 (2017) Mobile loaders ;- A mobile
loader of the type used for loading and un loading the cargo holds of aircraft is described.
The loader operates by electric motors driving both traction apparatus and loading
platform elevation. The loader comprises a chassis having a variable height platform, the
platform being connected to the chassis by linkage for maintaining the platform in a
substantially level attitude irrespective of platform height, mechanical lifting apparatus
for varying the height of the platform with respect to the chassis, an electric motor drive
connected by transmission apparatus to the mechanical lifting apparatus for raising the
platform, an electrical energy storage (such as a battery pack) for powering the electric
motor drive, control apparatus whereby the electric motor drive may be switched to
function as an electrical generator to provide retardation of the plat form when being
lowered, and controllable circuitry to direct the electrical energy generated during
lowering the platform into the electrical energy storage.
7) Micheal Kaufman U.S Patent No. 7,213,676 (2017) Mobile scaffold with series-
connected hydraulic motor drive ;- A base frame with four wheels, two of which are
3
powered by separate hydraulic motors connected in series so that the fluid flowing
through one motor then flows through the other. A speed control is provided whereby the
constant output of a hydraulic pump either passes entirely through the motors or is
partially bypassed around the pump.
8) Richard M. Smith U.S Patent No.5,285,092 (2018) Self-contained mobile extendable
tower ;- A self-contained mobile extendable tower for transferring loads, including
workmen, between ground and higher levels utilizing a plurality of multiple stage mast
assemblies maintained accurately synchronized despite non-uniform load distribution by
simple electrical sensor means carried by the load platform. The platform is suspended
from yoke means projecting upwardly from the platform and having its upper ends
connected to the last stage of the respective mast assemblies. A common prime mover,
such as an internal combustion engine or an electric motor, is coupled by a reversible
transmission to separate reversible pumps supplying a respective one of the masts with
pressurized fluid. The chassis on which the tower is supported is self-propelled and
steerable from a control station on the load platform.
9) William D. Murrill, Tucker,Mark W.Rhodes U.S Patent No. 4,930,598 (2018)
Scissors lift apparatus ;- A scissors lift apparatus having a wheeled tube chassis and a
platform connected together by one or more scissors arm assemblies, each scissors arm
assembly including a center arm and two outside support arms pivotally connected at
their longitudinal midpoint, adjacent scissors arm assemblies connected in series at the
ends of the center arms and at the ends of the outside support arms, a hydraulic cylinder
pivotally connected to the chassis and pivotally connected to the pivot axis of the
lowermost scissors arm assembly, the pivot connection between adjacent outside support
arms com pricing common castings, each casting having a pair of longitudinally,
extending, longitudinally offset ears, the ears of one casting engaged and pinned with the
ears of a second axially rotated casting.
10) Robert Staines, Paramount, Calif U.S Patent No. 4,175,644 (2018) Scissors lift ;- An
improved scissors lift is provided which includes a working platform, two scissors
linkages, a frame, and a hydraulic mechanism, all of which combine to permit the
working platform to be elevated in a horizontal plane to any desired height, and to permit
the lift to be collapsed to a compact position when not in use. The hydraulic mechanism,
in the form of one or moe hydraulic cyliner/piston units, is mounted on the scissors
linkages in an essentially vertical position in appropriate cradles between two of the arm
pairs of the linkages, at a position in which there is substantial movement at both ends of
4
the hydraulic unit. The cylinder/piston hydraulic unit is so mounted to exert a thrust
primarily in the direction of the load for all positions of the linkages, and to provide an
essentially constant load/thrust/speed ratio for all positions of the linkages, and also to
permit full extension of the linkages without excessive movement of the hydraulic piston.
5
CHAPTER 3
MOBILE SCISSORS LIFT
Mobile scissors lift can balance itself and walk on an even keel uneven ground.
Mobile scissor lifts are also called as mini electric scissor lifts or electric elevated work
platform. They are used to provide temporary access to contractors to high, inaccessible areas
on a variety of job sites such as maintenance, construction work. They are designed to lift
limited weights and capable of being fully operated by a single person. It is unique in
carrying capacity and a wide platform that can bring more workers and tool set, whether
indoors or outdoors. Made of high strength and high quality alloy steel, it is durable and
durable and efficient .Smooth movements, low noise, can work in harsh environments. The
hinge points are optimized by computer to make it in the best position. Between the fork
between the hinge with oil-free bearings or grease nipples to ensure that the device itself
good self lubricating. Scissor-type lifting structure, after lifting a higher stability. Large
working platform and high carrying capacity, so that a wider range of high-altitude
operations, more efficient, more secure security. Steering chassis design coupled with rubber
inflatable wheel, easy to move and flexible.
Buildings with high ceilings, such as auditoriums, warehouses, and the like, often
require routine maintenance of lighting and other ceiling fixtures. Storage racks in
warehouses typically extend to the ceiling area. Various apparatus is available to provide
workers access to these elevated areas. Such devices include ladders, semi-automatic and
automatic pickers for warehouse racks, and scissors lift platform apparatus. Construction sites
also use scissors lift apparatus to elevate workers and materials to a work area, and truck
mounted scissors lifts elevate supplies to loading doors on aircraft. These are a few of the
uses for scissors lift apparatus.Such scissors lift apparatus generally include a support frame
and a work platform. The platform connects to the support frame by interconnected scissors
arm assemblies. The support frame itself may be a wheeled mobile chassis, a truck frame, , a
stationary support plate or frame, and the like. The scissors assemblies pivotally connect pairs
of beams. A series of such assemblies riveted at the ends of the beams with adjacent
assemblies to form the scissors lift structure. A force applied to at least one pair of crossed
beams is transmitted to the entire structure and causes the crossed beams to open and close
and thereby raise and lower the structure.
6
7
3.1 Scissors Mechanism
Scissors mechanism are a type of mechanism that allows for vertical displacement of
some load, through the use of linked, folding supports, in a crisscross “X” pattern, referred to
as a pantograph (or, simply, a scissor mechanism). Scissor mechanism are widely used in
industrial applications, and also form a staple design element in competitive robotics. Each
arm of the crosses is called a ‘scissor arm’ or ‘scissor member’. The upward motion is
produced by the application of force, by some actuator (usually hydraulic, pneumatic, or
mechanical), to the outside of the one set of supports, elongating the crossing pattern, and
propelling the load vertically. However, the positioning of the actuator, in terms of the point
of application of the force on the pantograph, can affect the force required of the actuator for
a given load. Prudent placement of the actuator can greatly reduce the force required and the
stress levels in the adjacent scissor arms.
Scissors mechanism owe their mechanical capability to the pantograph. A pantograph

is a series of linked parallelograms with hinged intersections that allow the operator to
elongate the mechanism while maintaining the integrity of the geometric figure.The structural
components of the pantograph serve as opposing line segments within adjacent
parallelograms; geometric changes are therefore uniform across the mechanism. True vertical
lift is accomplished by using components of equal length.As L (the length of the base)
increases, the pantograph contracts, and X° deceases while Y° increases.As L decreases, the
pantograph extends, and X° increases in contrast to Y°.When two pantographs are arranged
so as to actuate from a single drive they extend correspondingly and loads can be balanced
between them. A calculator exists for computing the linear input force required according to
where the drive supplies power to the scissor mechanism, be it upon the base or a center pin .
8
For the purposes of calculation, a derived equation for the output force of the actuator
as a function of the rate of change of height with respect to actuator length. This was
demonstrated as a more potent method of force calculation by Spackman in 1989 (Spackman
H. , 1989).
The equation, F= f (dh/dl )
9
CHAPTER 4
MOBILE SCISSORS LIFT
Mobile Scissors lift are well known for facilitating the stacking or unstacking of articles on
pallets or other supports. The typical lift table incorporates a support platform and a
mechanism for selectively raising or lowering the support platform into a position facilitating
its loading or unloading. Vertical movement of the support platform usually is accomplished
via a scissor arm mechanism that supports the support platform on an underlying base and
that is raised and lowered by way of one or more DC motors and hand lever with gear
mechanism. On traditional single scissor arm lift mechanisms, the linear actuator is typically
mounted on one scissor arm or the base of the lift and attached to another scissor arm on
opposite sides of a scissor pivot point. The crossmember engages opposing legs of the pair of
scissor arms below the scissor pivot points utilizing needle bearing riveted joints at either end
of the crossmember. The actuation of the hand lever forces the movable end to move along an
incline such that, as the one end extend further, the crossmember is raised vertically and
moved horizontally which causes the scissor legs to extend and lift the platform vertically.
10
4.1 Working
11
4.2 Machine Components

As per the market study for material selection on the basis of Strength, Hardness,
Weldability, Availability, Machinability and cost it was found out that the alloy steel is
suitable material for fabrication of Scissor lift. Also Brass material was used for making bush
having low coefficient of friction.
Component Material Specification

Platform / Frame Steel plate The base frame in a scissor
lift only provides proper
balance to the structure.
Considering the size
constraints, the dimensions
of the base frame were taken
as under. Also it had been
found that not much of the
stresses are developed in the
base frame. The dimensions
of base frame are 2000mm x
3000mm
Middle frame Steel plates The middle frame in a
scissor lift was used to place
the load and transfer it to the
links. The designing of this
frame was undertaken
similar as the base frame.
Links / scissors arm Alloy steel Links in the scissor lifter
were used to connect the
upper frame with the bottom
structure. This scissor links
were subjected to buckling
load and bending load
tending to break or cause
12
bending of the components.

The suitable material for the
link was mild steel.
Pins High carbon steel Pin is the major factor in
scissor lifter. It played an
important role in joining the
links with the top and
bottom frame.
cylinders Mild steel Cylinders are used to
connecting the link joining
of Scissors arm at both ends
Safety joints Iron For safety purposes and give
stability to machine
Chassis Alloy steel For protection of gear and
motor components and
provide covering to the
whole down structure
Wheels Rubber For mobility of the machine
Stabilizers Iron Neglecting the inclination of
the surface and stabilizing
the machine
DC motor
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4.3 Screw Mechanism
A screw is a mechanism that converts rotational motion to linear motion, and a torque
(rotational force) to a linear force. It is one of the six classical simple machines. The most
common form consists of a cylindrical shaft with helical grooves or ridges called threads
around the outside. The screw passes through a hole in another object or medium, with
threads on the inside of the hole that mesh with the screw's threads. When the shaft of the
screw is rotated relative to the stationary threads, the screw moves along its axis relative to
the medium surrounding it; for example rotating a wood screw forces it into wood. In screw
mechanisms, either the screw shaft can rotate through a threaded hole in a stationary object,
or a threaded collar such as a nut can rotate around a stationary screw shaft. Geometrically, a
screw can be viewed as a narrow inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder.
Like the other simple machines a screw can amplify force; a small rotational force
(torque) on the shaft can exert a large axial force on a load. The smaller the pitch (the
distance between the screw's threads), the greater the mechanical advantage (the ratio of
output to input force). Screws are widely used in threaded fasteners to hold objects together,
and in devices such as screw tops for containers, vises, screw jacks and screw presses.
The fineness or coarseness of a screw's threads are defined by two closely related
quantities.The lead is defined as the axial distance (parallel to the screw's axis) the screw
travels in one complete revolution (360°) of the shaft. The lead determines the mechanical
advantage of the screw; the smaller the lead, the higher the mechanical advantage.The pitch is
defined as the axial distance between the crests of adjacent threads.In most screws, called
"single start" screws, which have a single helical thread wrapped around them, the lead and
14
pitch are equal. They only differ in "multiple start" screws, which have several intertwined
threads. In these
screws the lead is equal to the pitch multiplied by the number of starts. Multiple-start screws
are used when a large linear motion for a given rotation is desired, for example in screw caps
on bottles, and ball point pens.k
4.4 D C Motor
A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct current
electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces
produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism,
either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in
part of the motor.DC motors were the first form of motor widely used, as they could be
powered from existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's
speed can be controlled over a wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by
changing the strength of current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools,
toys, and appliances. The universal motor can operate on direct current but is a lightweight
brushed motor used for portable power tools and appliances. Larger DC motors are currently
used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, and in drives for steel rolling
15
mills. The advent of power electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC motors
possible in many applications
16
CHAPTER 5
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
5.1 ADVANTAGES
 Access Heights and Spots That Are Hard to Reach
Since some lifts can go up to 32 feet in height, this is a tool that allows your workers to reach
spots that would have otherwise been very hard to get to.Obviously, height and carrying
capacity go hand in hand with total weight. So, the heavier your lift, the higher the height to
which it can extend and the more weight it can carry up with it.
 Safety
Scissor lifts are work platforms used to safely move workers vertically and to different
locations in a variety of industries including construction, retail, entertainment and
manufacturing.
 Ease of Use
These lifts are particularly easy to operate. The controls are simple and literally foolproof,
which decreases the tiredness of operators. This also means that operators can be trained in
the use of this tool in a couple of days, so you can put it to use with minimal downtime.
 Compact Size
A scissor lift is basically the most compact type of aerial work platform you will ever find.
This is important when it comes to tight spaces, such as event spaces or tightly packed
storehouses where height access is restricted by stacked crates.
 Minimum Floor Space
While other aerial work platforms require a lot of floor space to operate, scissor lifts are
among the most compact lifting equipment. The total area required is virtually equivalent to
the area of the lift-able platform, making these lifts easy to store.
 Easily Customizable
Depending on your business, you might have to customize your lift to fit your business needs.
Scissor lifts are customizable. For example, you can fit yours with tilters to minimize falling
risk for the operator. Or you can fit it with a turntable that allows it to rotate in addition to
lifting the platform up.
17
 Economic
Compared to all other alternatives, scissors are arguably the most economic and versatile
solution. You can service an entire warehouse with a single vertical lift. Moreover, hydraulic
lifts consume almost zero power, adding more to their efficiency.
 Simplicity of Transfer
You do not need to worry about mantling and dismantling of the machine so that you can
easily transfer scissor lifts with tow trucks. This will save your time and energy for other
tasks.
5.2 DISADVANTAGES
 Trained workers
Trained workers should be allowed to use scissor lifts, and employers should make sure that
those workers show that they can use a scissor lift properly. Safe scissor lift use includes
properly maintaining the equipment
 Proper stabilization
Employers should ensure that scissor lifts are stable and will not tip over or collapse. Some
safe work practices to ensure safe, stable conditions for scissor lift use include:
18
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
With the help of current research, we briefed out the basic Design Procedure of the
Mechanically Operated Scissor Lift working on the principle of Leadscrew. Moreover, we
also explained the importance of some useful accessories such as Self Storing Maintenance
Stand, Blocking Mechanism, Self Locking Pair, Loading by Saddle Plate, Stability
Conditions
as well as Controller Mechanism.
19
REFERENCES
International Journal of
Advance Engineering and
Research Development
(IJAERD)
Volume 4, Issue 2, February
-2017, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470,
print-ISSN: 2348-6406
@IJAERD-2017, All rights
Reserved 95
[1] Ren G. Dong, Christopher S. Pan, Jared J. Hartsell, Daniel E. Welcome, Tim
Lutz, Anne Brumfield, James R.
Harris, John Z. Wu, Bryan Wimer, Victor Mucino, Kenneth Means, Open Journal of
Safety Science and
Technology, 2012, 2, 8-1.
[2] Wei Zhang, Chen Zhang, Jiangbo Zhao and Chunzhi Du, The Open Mechanical
Engineering Journal, 2015, 9, 954-
960.
[3] Bert J. Sikli, United State Patents, US3983960
[4] Bert J. Sikli, United State Patents, US4113065
[5] Donald W. Blasdell, Jr.; Raymond H. Wetzel, United State Patents, US5145029
[6] Brian M. Boeckman, Lex A. Mellott, United State Patents, US6330933 B1
[7] Jaydeep M. Bhatt, Milan J. Pandya, Journal of Information Knowledge and Research
in Mechanical Engineering,
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ISSN 0975 – 668X| NOV 12 TO OCT 13 | VOLUME – 02, ISSUE - 02.

[8] M. Abhinay, P.Sampath Rao, SSRG International Journal of Mechanical Engineering
(SSRG-IJME) – volume1 issue
5 September2014.
21

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Design and fabrication of mobile scissors lift Batch 2016-2020

plurality of multiple stage mast assemblies maintained accurately synchronized despite

MOBILE SCISSORS LIFT

3.1 Scissors Mechanism

Scissors mechanism owe their mechanical capability to the pantograph. A pantograph

The equation, F= f (dh/dl )

MOBILE SCISSORS LIFT

4.2 Machine Components

Component Material Specification

bending of the components.

4.3 Screw Mechanism

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ISSN 0975 – 668X| NOV 12 TO OCT 13 | VOLUME – 02, ISSUE - 02.

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