Electric Micromotor Control System

for Preparation, Surgery and Endodontics

Thank you for buying our product!

For maximum safety and optimal performance, please read the
instruction manual with particular attention to the notes and
warnings.

Content
Warnings, Precautions and Prohibitions …………………….... 1
General Description ………………………………….......... 6
Installation and Connection ………………………….......... 9
Connection Diagram ………………………………………..11
Preparation Mode - settings ………………………………..12
Preparation Mode - operation ………………………........... 13
Endodontic Mode - settings ………………………………..13
Embedded Endo Library ………………………………….. 14
Auto Apical Reverse Function ……………………………… 16
Auto Reverse / Auto Stop Function …………………………. 17
Auto Rotate Function ………………………………........... 18
Operating Apex Locator in Manual Mode …….…………. 19
Operating Endomotor ……………………………………... 21
Surgery/Implantology Mode - settings ……………………..23
Surgery/Implantology Mode - operation ……………………25
Vitality Scanner Mode ……………………………...............26
Ionophoresis Therapy Mode ………………………………… 28
Corrosion Potential Measurement Mode ................………..30
General and Service Settings Mode ………………………… 31
Possible Failures / Troubleshooting…………………………….. 34
Technical Specifications ……………………….……......... 36
Declaration of Conformity ………………………………….... 37
Warranty and Returns ……………………………………….38
 WARNING:
Do not injure your fingers when inserting or removing files.
Do not use damaged file holders; an accurate measurement can
not be made with a damaged file holder.
This unit is for prescription use only.
A rubber dam should be used when performing endodontic
treatment.
Plastic sleeves must be replaced after each patient.
Never use stretched, deformed or damaged files.
Give the file a light tug to confirm it is securely held in place.
If the file is not securely placed, it could come out and injure the
patient.
Take care to avoid the risk of a file being swallowed by the
patient.
Check DentoMax`s operation before each patient. If the text
and symbols in the display do not all appear normally, the
instrument may not be able to make an accurate measurement. In
this case, stop using the instrument and have it repaired.
Check the settings displayed after selecting memories.
In some cases such as a blocked root canal, a measurement can
not be made.
Accurate measurement is not always possible, especially in
cases of abnormal or unusual root canal morphology; make sure
to take an x-ray to check the measurement results.
Stop using the unit immediately if it does not seem to be
working properly.
If the indicator scale for the canal length does not appear even
when the file is inserted, the unit may be malfunctioning and
must not be used.
Do not use an ultrasonic scaler with the lip clip attached to the
patient. This is dangerous because electrical noise from the
scaler could interfere with canal measurements and motor
operation.
Make sure that the lip clip, file holder, handpiece file electrode
etc., do not come into contact with an electric power source such

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as an electrical socket. This could result in a severe electrical
shock.
Electric noise or a malfunction could make it impossible to
control the motor properly. Do not depend entirely on the unit
controlling it self; always watch the display, listen to the sound
and be aware of tactile feedback.
(Accurate measurement is not always possible depending on
the root canal condition.) Make sure to take an x-ray to check the
results. Also nickel-titanium files can sometimes wear out rather
quickly depending on the shape and the degree of curvature of the
root canal. Stop using the unit immediately if it does not seem to
be working properly.
If the display does not change when the file is advanced down
the canal, stop using the instrument immediately. There are times,
such as faulty connections etc., when an accurate measurement
cannot be made.
Nickel-Titanium files are more easily broken by the amount of
torque applied to them than the stainless steel files. Do not try to
force the file down the root canal. Also do not use these files for
root canals that have relatively sharp curve near the apical
foramen.
Nickel-Titanium files will eventually break due to metal
fatigue and should be replaced before they reach this point.
Always examine files for separation and other deformities or
damage before using them. Any type of deformity could result in
the file breaking.
If the file or the contact plate touches the oral mucosa or a
tooth, it could automatically start to rotate and could injure the
patient.
If the handpiece`s file release button is pressed against the teeth
opposite the one being treated, the file could come out and injure
the patient.
Never press the file release button while the micro motor is
running. This could cause the button to heat up and burn the
patient or cause the file to come out and injure the patient.

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 Be careful using the foot control. The motor will rotate even if
a measurement is not being made. Make sure of the position of
the file tip before using the foot control.
Autoclave the handpiece and the lip clip after each patient.
Replace the file electrode when it is worn out to half of its
diameter. It could break and be accidentally swallowed if used
after reaching this point.
Portable and mobile RF communications equipment can affect
DentoMax operation.

PROHIBITION
Do not use this unit in conjunction with an electric scalpel
Do not use the unit and electric motor when working with
patients with implanted electronic devices or on patients who
have a pacemaker.
Do not use this unit in the medical operation room.
Do not change the electrical parameters of the motor. If
necessary contact an authorized service or the manufacturer.
Blocked canals cannot be accurately measured.
Illumination devices such as fluorescent lights and a film
viewer which use an inverter can cause DentoMax to operate
erratically. Do not use DentoMax near devices such as these.
Electromagnetic wave interference could cause this unit to
operate in an abnormal, random and possibly dangerous manner.
Cellular phone, transceivers, remote controls and all other devices
which transmit electromagnetic waves located inside the building
should be turned off.

NOTE:
After installation, give handpiece a light tug to confirm it is
securely attached.
Do not drop anything on or bang the plug after it has been
inserted into the receptacle.
Use caution when inserting and removing files to avoid injury
to fingers.

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 Inserting and removing files without holding the file release
button may damage the chuck.
Do not attach the file electrode to files with a shaft diameter of
1.2 mm or greater or large shafted tools such as Largo bur. The
file electrode cannot be attached to files and Gates-Glidden
reamers that do not have circular shafts. The contact plate cannot
be attached onto some files.
Always hold the connector to connect or disconnect cables.
Remove file from handpiece when taking manual
measurement.
Torque settings must be changed depending on root canal
condition.
If Auto Start function does not work because root canal is too
dry (infected canal etc.) moisten root canal with liquid such as
hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite or saline. Do not let the
liquid overflow the canal opening.
Applying excessive force could cause file to cut into root canal
wall and lock up.
Root canal preparation cannot be performed entirely by this
unit. Use DentoMax in conjunction with standard manual
techniques for root canal preparation. Stop using unit
immediately if tactile sensation indicates an unusual or abnormal
condition inside the root canal.
Files break more easily at high speeds; always check rotation
speed setting before using the unit.
Do not use stainless steel files. Use only Nickel-Titanium files.
Always remove file after use.
Nickel-Titanium files are more easily broken by the amount of
torque applied to them than stainless steel files. Keep in mind the
following reccomendations to minimize possibility of file
breakage.
• Before using micromotor use a small hand file such as #8,
#10 or #15 to penetrate the root canal manually down to
apex and then return to the apical constriction.
• Never use excessive force to insert file.

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 • All foreign matter, such as bits of cotton, should be
removed from root canal before using the file.
• Never use excessive force to advance file down the root
canal.
• Do not use files on root canals that have high degree of
curvature.
• Try not to trigger Auto Reverse function when advancing
file down the root canal.
• Recommended technique for preparing and cleaning the
root canal is crown down technique. If using this technique
follow the file manufacturer’s guideline.
Be careful using foot control because the motor will run when
you step on it even if unit is not measuring the root canal. This
could injure patient’s oral mucosa.
Do not sterilize in any way other than autoclave.
Thoroughly clean and wash components before autoclaving. If
chemical solutions or foreign debris are not removed, autoclaving
could damage or deform the components.
Autoclave and dryer temperatures must not exceed 135°C/
275° F.
Follow file manufacturer’s recommendations for autoclaving
files.
Never clean the handpiece or the micromotor with chemicals
such as formalin cresol (FC) and sodium hypochlorite; these will
damage the plastic parts of the components. Immediately wipe
away any chemicals that are accidentally spilled on these
components.
Never use any type of alcohol other than Ethanol for
Disinfection (Ethanol 80 vol%).

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General Description
DentoMax is an intelligent electric motor control system
intended to be built in different models dental units expanding
their functionality. Two brushless or DC motors with light are
handled. DentoMax consists of two electronic modules - Power
Driver connected to electrical motors and Control Unit with
display and keyboard. Three general control modes are available.
The rotation parameters are displayed on LCD and can be
changed by keyboard. Specially designed user-friendly interface
eliminates sophisticated menus and most functions can be
enabled / disabled with single button push only.
Power Driver can operate also in stand-alone (independent)
configuration if Control Unit is disconnected. In this case
optional speed control can be done simply by using a
potentiometer. Torque control and other functions are not
available in stand-alone configuration.
Preparation mode
Using electrical motors controlled by DentoMax ensures high
power and quick control over speed setting for variety of
handpiece gear ratios. Instrument rotation speed is set by dentist
then displayed on LCD and DentoMax calculates the motor
corresponding speed according to handpiece gear ratio (1:1, 1:5,
4:1 etc.).
Power Driver supports two motors with light so random
combination of brushless or DC motors can be used, preferably
with internal spray and light.
Surgical/Implantology mode
DentoMax derives high output power up to 200W so surgical
brushless motors can be attached. While driving the motors
DentoMax controls speed and torque according to selected
handpiece gear ratio. Up to 20 user programs can be stored in
advance. External peristaltic pump can be controlled as an option.
Surgical or implant handpiece should be attached. Using
brushless motor is obligatory.
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Endodontic mode
This is the most sophisticated mode for DentoMax giving you
best prerequisites for excellent treatment results. Endodontic
handpiece with apex locator connector should be attached. Using
brushless motor is highly advisable.
Integrated Endodontic Motor with Last Generation Apex Locator
Micromotor with its optimal speed range and high precision
torque control system combined with the state-of-the-art last
generation DSP apex locator are perfectly adapted for extremely
accurate and time saving root canal treatment.
Apex Distance Acquisition with DSP
DSP (Digital Signal Processing) apex locator ensures exact
measurement results irrespective of blood or other fluids in root
canal. Graphic visualization of file tip position on backlight LCD
display and melodious sound signals facilitate monitoring of file
tip position during measurement with handfiles or automated
canal enlarging with rotary files.
Time Saving Endodontic Treatment
Internal library containing manufacturer’s suggested speed and
torque limit values for the most recent endodontic file systems
(Twisted Files, ProTaper, GT, etc.) eliminates sophisticated
torque cards usage and safety compromises combining multiple
files in one program. User defined file system with 7 programs is
also available.

File Movement Parameters Control

DentoMax Endodontic mode offers precise file torque limit setup
up to 7Ncm in step of 0.2Ncm and speed up to 1000rpm in step
of 50rpm. Optimal performance of every single file of the latest
generation endodontic systems is achieved. Taper, size and color
information also appear on display.

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Patient Safety and Precision
Automatic torque calibration and control system give constantly
controlled and precise movement regardless of mechanical or
environmental conditions.
5 different patient safety functions are available:
Auto Rotate
File starts rotating automatically when inserted in root
canal and stops automatically upon withdrawal.
3 Level Torque Control
Sound signal is played if 60% of torque limit is reached.
Rotation speed is automatically reduced if 80% of torque
limit is exceeded. Rotation stops or reverses direction
(according to set mode) if 100% of torque limit is
exceeded.
Auto Reverse / Auto Stop
File rotation stops or reverses automatically if the pre-set
torque limit is exceeded.
Auto Apical Reverse
If file reaches user specified apex distance rotation stops
and reverses automatically.
Apical Foramen Slow Down
For safer treatment rotation speed is automatically
reduced if approaching apical foramen.

Diagnostic and physiotherapy

Several auxiliary functions are integrated in DentoMax – vitality
scanner, ionophoresis therapy, corrosion potential measurement,
etc. To run one of them connect proper cable to Control unit.

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Installation and Connection
DentoMax is designed for lasting durability and high
performance. Many internal hardware and software features are
implemented to guarantee safe functionality.
Power Driver Safety Features:
Power supply voltage high shutdown
Power supply voltage low shutdown
Over heat shutdown
Internal DC 12V source control and shutdown
Hardware over current protection
Independent software over current protection for both
motors
Light bulb over current protection
Light bulb saving soft start function
Electric motor control system DentoMax consists of two
electronic modules - Power Driver connected to electrical motors
and Control Unit with display and keyboard. If only one motor is
connected it must be plugged in output 1 of Power Driver.
Power Driver is installed inside the dental unit according to
connection diagram and is powered by the internal power supply
of unit (POWER). Branch of the cooling (or drive) air pipe for
each motor is connected to air pressure sensors (AIR1, AIR2).
They measure pressing force on pneumatic pedal (foot control)
and rotate the relevant motor with proportional speed.
Ground connection (GND) eliminates electrical interference from
motors and ensures high accuracy of DSP apex location in
endodontic mode. It must be connected to a grounded metal part
of dental unit.
Control Unit is installed outside in front of dentist as to be
convenient to operate with. On left side of that module is located
receptacle for cable plugs connecting DentoMax to the patient
(for apex location, vitality scanner, ionophoresis, etc).

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On front side are keyboard and liquid crystal display (LCD) with
backlight. The connection cable to Power Driver enters the unit
and is plugged in the relevant receptacle marked on the label.
If properly connected the two modules after switching on the
power LCD lights up, image appears and sound signal is played.
All indication LEDs on keyboard light up for a second first in red
then in green. DentoMax starts in preparation mode (PREP).

After the initial installation of the system it is obligatory to set

type and parameters of connected motors if not pre-configured by
manufacturer (see General and service settings).
If only Power Driver is installed in unit and used separately, a
Control Unit may be temporarily attached for motor type and
parameters setting and then disconnected. After that DentoMax
must be restarted (turn off and on power supply). External speed
control can be achieved by connecting trimming potentiometer
(optional) to the relevant connector of Power Driver.

WARNING: The system should be installed by qualified

personnel!

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Connection diagram

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Preparation Mode – settings
Handpiece Gear Ratio
Select by short pressing GEAR
button (e.g. 1:1 or 1:5). If desired
ratio is not one of two pre-
programmed values change one of
them by long pressing GEAR
button, and set the exact value with
PLUS(+) and MINUS(-) buttons.
DentoMax will retain the new
settings even after unit is turned off. The motor rotation speed is
automatically determined depending on the desired speed of
instrument and the set handpiece gear ratio.

WARNING: Always check the set speed after changing

handpiece gear ratio!

WARNING: If an exclamation mark “!” symbol appears after

the handpiece gear ratio indication on display it means the set
speed could not be achieved and should be changed.
Instrument Rotation Speed
For rough tuning use short pressing
(<<) and (>>) buttons to choose
one of several fixed values.
For fine tuning use PLUS(+) and
MINUS(-) buttons.
Memorize individual speed setting
for each of the two handpieces by
long pressing MEMORY button.
DentoMax will retain the memorized speed settings after restart.
WARNING: The speed should not exceed the maximum
values for the handpiece and motor specified by their
manufacturers!

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Rotation Direction
Trigger by short pressing FORWARD-
REVERSE button. Green button light
indication responds to forward direction.
Red light indication responds to reverse
direction.

Preparation Mode (PREP) – operation

Set DentoMax in preparation mode by short pressing PREP
button. Motor speed is proportional to pressure on foot control.
Slight pressure derives initial speed about 20% of the set value on
display. Maximum foot control pressure ensures 100% speed.
Torque is limited only by the maximum motor power.

Endodontic Mode (ENDO) – settings

In this mode on display appears information on speed, torque
limit (maximum allowed file torque), handpiece gear ratio and the
file position in root canal. If Embedded Endo Library is used on
display also appear the selected endodontic system, file
designator, taper and color marking if available.

The numbers on apex locator scale are relative and display

approximate distance to phisiological foramen.
Handpiece Gear Ratio
Select the gear ratio of your
endodontic handpiece by short
pressing GEAR button (e.g. 16:1 or
20:1). If the desired ratio is not one
of the two pre-programmed values
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change one of them by long pressing GEAR button and set the
exact value with PLUS(+) and MINUS(-) buttons. DentoMax
will retain the new settings even after the unit is turned off. Motor
rotation speed and torque limit are automatically determined
depending on the desired file rotation parameters and set
handpiece gear ratio.
WARNING: Best results and higher safety can be achieved
using 16:1 or 20:1 gear ratio.
WARNING: Always check the set speed after changing
handpiece gear ratio!
WARNING: If an exclamation mark “!” symbol appears after
the handpiece gear ratio indication on display it means the set
speed could not be achieved and should be changed.

Embedded Endo Library

To use the manufacturer`s file
settings in the Embedded Endo
Library of DentoMax select the
desired endodontic system by
short pressing SYSTEM button
and select a file by PLUS(+) and
MINUS(-) buttons. The
recommended values for speed and torque limit appear on display
as well as taper, size and color marking if available. Subsequently
the rotation speed could be slightly changed within the
manufacturer pre-determined limits.

UserEndo System
To save your own settings for
operation with endodontic files
enable UserEndo system by
short pressing SYSTEM button.
Choose one of 7 possible user
programs you want to adjust by

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PLUS(+) and MINUS(-) buttons. Set speed, torque limit and root
canal working length. To memorize the new settings press and
hold MEMORY button till sound signal is played and the
number of program stops blinking.

WARNING: DentoMax memorizes speed, torque limit and

root canal working length parameters!
NOTE: Auxiliary functions should be enabled/disabled by the
dentist according to the particular case and root canal
morphology.
File Rotation Speed
Set by short pressing SPEED button
followed by PLUS(+) and MINUS(-)
buttons. During operation DentoMax
stabilizes file rotation speed. It slows
down automatically if 80% of the set
torque limit is reached (3 Level
Torque Control) or in proximity to
the physiological apex (Apical Slow Down).

WARNING: After pressing the foot control or automatically

turning on the motor (Auto Rotate function) set speed is reached
in a few seconds. During speed acceleration is not advisable
neither inserting the file down the root canal nor exerting any
pressure on file!
Rotation Direction
In rare cases, if necessary, it can be
triggered manually by short pressing
FORWARD-REVERSE button. Green
light button indication responds to
forward direction. Red light indication corresponds to reverse
direction. When direction is triggered automatically by any of the
auxiliary functions (3 Level Torque Control or Apical
Reverse), it also affects the button light indication.

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File Torque Limit
Set by short pressing TORQUE
button then (<<) and (>>) buttons for
rough tuning - step 1Ncm and
PLUS(+) and MINUS(-) buttons for
fine tuning - step 0.2Ncm. If the set
value is exceeded the file rotation
stops automatically and the rotation
direction is changed.
Increased Safety function - 75%
Enable/disable by short pressing (%)
button. If this function is enabled a "%"
appears and the torque is limited up to
75% of pre-set value on display.
3 Level Torque Control and Auto
Reverse/Auto Stop functions also
operate according to the reduced value.

NOTE: Use the Increased Safety function in difficult to handle

curved canals.

Auto Apical Reverse function

Enable/disable by short pressing
APICAL REVERSE button. If this
auxiliary function is enabled the button
light indication is green. When reaching
the pre-set distance to the apical
foramen DentoMax automatically
changes file rotation direction.
Apical Slow Down function
When the file tip reaches about 1mm before the set canal working
length the rotation speed is automaticaly reduced to 50%. This
function is always enabled if apex locator cable is connected.

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Root Canal Working Length
Press and hold APICAL
REVERSE button till arrow
appears under apex locator
scale. Set desired distance by
PLUS(+) and MINUS(-) or
(<<) and (>>) buttons. Sound
signals for approaching and
reaching physiological foramen and Auto Apical Reverse
function operate according to set value.

NOTE: Root canal working length value for each file should
be adjusted according to the endodontic system manufacturer`s
guideline and canal morphology.

Auto Reverse/Auto Stop function

This function status determines the
system reaction when set torque limit
value is exceeded. A long continuous
beep will sound if this happens.
In Auto Stop mode file rotation is
stopped until the foot control is
released and reverse rotation is started
if only pressed on again.

WARNING: If after a single reversal of the file direction it

fails to start rotating do not continue to try a repetitive reversal in
both directions but disconnect the file from the handpiece and
manually remove it from root canal!
When Auto Reverse mode is enabled an arrow-symbol appears
on second row of
display. If set
torque limit is
exceeded the file
stops and

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automatically reverses direction. To trigger the two modes press
and hold TORQUE button till change.

Auto Rotate function

Enable/disable by short pressing AUTO
ROTATE button. When this auxiliary
function is enabled button light
indication is green and DentoMax
automatically rotates the file when
inserted in root canal and stops rotating
on removal.
WARNING: If the file touches the oral mucosa or a tooth, it
will automatically start rotating and could injure the patient!

NOTE: For safety reasons after switching to endodontic mode

the first file rotation should be outside the canal initiated by
pressing the foot control. After that DentoMax may operate in
autostart mode without using the foot control. To use Auto
Rotate function apex locator cable must be connected.
Torque Calibration and Handpiece Control
Run this procedure after attaching the
endodontic handpiece. DentoMax
automatically calibrates the micromotor
to the rotational resistance of each
individual handpiece prior to operation
so high torque accuracy for maximum
safety during operation is achieved. Press
and hold CALIBRATE button till "Torque Calibration"
indication appears on display.

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Take in hand the motor with handpiece and press foot control.
Once rotated the motor could be left on unit until procedure is
completed - about 30 seconds. When calibration is done data is
displayed about maximum file speed (only for brushless motors)
and maximum torque loss.

If you notice that torque is abnormally high check condition,

cleaning and lubrication of handpiece.

WARNING: Endomotor functionality must not be used if

calibration error occurs or reported torque loss is significantly
higher than usual!

Operating Apex Locator in Manual Mode

WARNING: To operate the apex locator with hand files in
manual mode, without endomotor functionality (especially
automatic start of file rotation), Auto Rotate function must be
disabled (red button light indication)!
WARNING: The first symbol on the third row of display gives
information on the internal test of DSP apex locator. Normally,
after you insert file in root canal, an endodontic file symbol “ ”
appears on display meaning it is ready for
measurement.
If an exclamation mark “!” symbol is
displayed do not use the apex locator.
Abnormal electromagnetic wave
interference or internal malfunctions are
detected. Check the connection and
reliability of cables.
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 WARNING: Dry cavity! Liquid in root canal must be under
orificium!

NOTE: Before measuring root canal

length check if apex location cable is in
good working condition by contacting the
file to the lip clip. Symbol "H" for high
conductivity should be displayed and apex
locator scale should fill to the end. If Auto
Rotate function is enabled the file starts
rotating automatically in forward direction
for a while and then reverses rotation!

NOTE: Ensure the file barely goes through the terminus. A

loose file gives inaccurate measurement!
NOTE: The numbers on the apex locator scale are relative and
do not always accurately represent the distance to the
physiological foramen (0 ÷ 2) in millimeters!
Operating sequence for the apex locator in manual mode:
1. Switch to endodontic mode by short pressing ENDO button.
2. Plug the apex locator measuring cable in the receptacle on the
left side of Control Unit marked with “MEASURE” and “ ”.
Hook a sterile clip on the patient`s lip.
3. Insert file into root canal. DentoMax automatically detects
start of measurement and a double beep sounds when electrical
conductivity is sufficient for normal operation.
File tip position is visualized on a graphical indication scale
which fills from left to right. In the beginning lines are thin
vertical ones and their number increases with file penetration in
root canal. Close to the apical foramen the scale has increased
sensitivity for more accurate working length measurement and
scale segments become tightly filled squares.
Different sound signals allow operation without constant display
monitoring. When reaching the pre-set root canal working length
(see Root canal working length) a double bell-sound is played.
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 WARNING: In rare cases when canal is blocked (e.g.
calcification) a measurement can not be made. You should expect
a sudden filling of indication scale after complete removal of the
obstruction. Operate with precaution!
If the file tip passes through physiological apex three thin
additional lines appear at right end of indication scale on display.
Recommended working distance should be determined between
readings of 1 and 0 of apex location scale.

WARNING: Ensure no liquid overflows the canal. For

accurate measurement ensure lip clip is well hooked and properly
connected to cable.

Operating Endomotor - machine root canal

enlargement
WARNING: Read carefully manufacturer’s instructions for
operating endodontic files and handpiece you use and follow
usage recommendations and safety precautions!

WARNING: Dry cavity! Liquid in root canal must be under

orificium!

WARNING: Before machine root canal enlargement it is

desirable to use a small file (such as #8, #10 or #15) to penetrate
the root canal manually down to the physiological foramen in
Apex location manual mode.

WARNING: Due to torque applied and metal fatigue Ni-Ti

files are more easily broken if they are used longer than
manufacturer’s specifications. Ni-Ti files can sometimes wear out
rather quickly depending on shape and degree of curvature of root
canal. Avoid using these files for enlarging canals that have a
relatively sharp curve near the apical foramen.

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Operating sequence for machine root canal enlargement with the
endomotor:
1. Switch DentoMax to endodontic mode by short pressing
ENDO button.
2. Attach endodontic handpiece to motor and connect apex
location cable both to handpiece and DentoMax Control Unit.
Check if handpiece gear ratio (e.g. 16:1) is the same as the set
value on display.
3. Run Torque Loss Calibration procedure to check handpiece
working condition.
4. Insert selected file into handpiece head and slide the contact
plate to file direction in position to ensure reliable electric
contact.
5. Set working parameters according to the exact file (rotation
speed, torque limit, root canal working length) or use the
Embedded Endo Library choosing endodontic system and file
(see Embedded Endo Library) or select your own pre-set
program.
6. Check if auxiliary functions Auto Stop/Auto Reverse, Auto
Apical Reverse and Auto Rotate are enabled / disabled as you
need.
7. Hook a sterile clip on patient`s lip. Insert file slowly into root
canal without applying excessive force (if Auto Rotate function
is disabled press foot control) and wait the file acceleration to the
specified speed (1-3 seconds).
8. Enlargement should be made slightly advancing the file down
the root canal with no excessive force.
• If 60% of set torque limit is exceeded an alarm signal sounds.
• If 80% of set torque limit is exceeded file rotation speed is
automatically reduced.
• If 100% of set torque limit is exceeded file rotation
automatically stops and reverses direction after releasing and
pressing foot control again. If Auto Reverse function is
enabled rotation in reverse direction starts automatically.

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9. If Auto Apical Reverse function is enabled file automatically
stops and reverses direction when file tip reaches the set root
canal working length. If the function is disabled when the set root
canal length is reached a continuous bell-sound is played.
Remove the file from root canal. It will continue rotating forward.
10. Rotation stops after file is removed form root canal and foot
control is released.

WARNING: Electromagnetic wave interference or а

malfunction could make it impossible to control the motor
properly! Always watch display, listen to sound signals and be
aware of tactile feedback.

Surgical/Implantology Mode (SURG) - settings

Handpiece Gear Ratio
Set gear ratio of your surgery/implantology handpiece by short
pressing GEAR button (e.g. 20:1 or 64:1).
If desired ratio is not one of the two pre-
programmed values, change one of them by
long pressing GEAR button and set the
exact value with PLUS(+) and MINUS(-)
buttons. DentoMax will retain the new
settings even after the unit is turned off.
Rotation speed and torque limit are automatically determined
depending on the desired instrument rotation parameters and set
handpiece gear ratio.
WARNING: Best results and higher safety can be achieved
using handpieces with gear ratio between 20:1 or 32:1!
WARNING: Always check the set speed after changing
handpiece gear ratio!
WARNING: If an exclamation mark “!” symbol appears after
the handpiece gear ratio indication on display it means the set
speed could not be achieved and should be changed or used
handpiece with different gear ration.
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Instrument Rotation Speed
Set by short pressing SPEED button
followed by PLUS(+) and MINUS(-)
buttons. During operation DentoMax
automatically stabilizes instrument rotation
speed. If 80% of set torque limit is
exceeded file rotation speed is
automatically reduced.

Instrument Torque Limit

Set by short pressing TORQUE button
then (<<) and (>>) buttons for rough
tuning - step 10Ncm and PLUS(+) and
MINUS(-) buttons for fine tuning - step
2Ncm. If the set value is exceeded the
motor rotation stops automatically and
reverses rotation after releasing and pressing foot control again.

Auto Reverse/Auto Stop function

This function status determines the system behavior when set
torque limit value is exceeded. A long continuous beep will
sound if this happens.
In Auto Stop mode instrument rotation is stopped until the foot
control is released and rotation in the same direction is started
when pressed on again.
When Auto Reverse mode is enabled an arrow-symbol appears
on second row of
display. If set
torque limit is
exceeded the
instrument rotation
is stopped until the foot control is released and rotation in the
opposite direction is started when pressed on again. To trigger
the two modes press and hold TORQUE button till change.

24
Increased Safety function - 75%
Enable/disable by short pressing (%)
button. If this function is enabled "%"
appears on display and the torque is
limited up to 75% of pre-set value.

Coolant Flow Volume

One of 5 levels can be selected by short pressing COOLANT
FLOW button. The number of rain drop characters “ ” on
display indicates level. Maximum flow the
peristaltic pump derives depends on
handpiece and irrigation tube. To stop
irrigation for a while press and hold
COOLANT FLOW button till position
changes. If irrigation is disabled button
light indication is red.
User Pre-set Program
Enable by short pressing SYSTEM button and select program
number (from 1 to 20) by PLUS(+) and MINUS(-) buttons.
To change user pre-set program GR
RO A
M
P

after being enabled, set the

desired parameters and press and TE M ORY
SYS M ME
hold MEMORY button till
sound signal is played and
GR
number of program stops RO A
M
P

blinking. I B RAT
AL
C

LA

WARNING: DentoMax memorizes handpiece gear ratio,

speed, torque limit and coolant flow volume parameters!
WARNING: Always check parameters on display after
changing handpiece gear ratio!

25
Surgical/Implantology Mode (SURG) - operation
1. Switch to Surgery/Implantology mode by short pressing
SURG button.
2. Enable user pre-set program or manually set desired
parameters (handpiece gear ratio, speed, torque limit, coolant
flow volume).
3. Install a sterile irrigation tube to peristaltic pump and connect it
to handpiece and irrigation liquid bank.

H2 O

PER ISTALTIC
PU MP

NOTE: It’s not necessary to place the bank higher than the
peristaltic pump.

4. Instrument rotation speed is proportional to pressure on foot

control. Slight pressure derives initial speed about 20% of the set
value on display. Maximum foot control pressure ensures 100%
speed.
5. Instrument torque is limited to the set value on display.
• If 60% of set torque limit is exceeded an alarm signal sounds.
• If 100% of set torque limit is exceeded instrument rotation
automatically stops. If auxiliary Auto Reverse function is
enabled rotation direction is changed automatically.
Instrument rotation restarts only after releasing and pressing
foot control again.
NOTE: DentoMax automatically slightly reduces coolant flow
volume if low instrument torque is detected for a few seconds. If
instrument torque is increased full coolant flow volume is
restored immediately.

26
Vitality Scanner Mode - (FUNC)
Switch the Control Unit to Vitality Scanner mode by short
pressing FUNC button. "Vitality scanner" indication appears on
first row of display. Plug the proper measuring cable in Control
Unit receptacle. Attach the vitality scanner probe and insert a
sterile tip. Blinking “ ” character indicates that DentoMax is
ready for vitality measurement.

WARNING: If blinking “ ” character does not appear do not

connect the cable to the patient! Abnormal electromagnetic wave
interference or internal malfunctions are detected. Check the
connection and reliability of cables.
Tooth surface must be properly cleaned and dried. Dip the probe
tip into a small amount of contact gel toothpaste. Place it on tooth
to ensure constant and reliable contact and electrical conductivity
required for accurate measurement. Do not contact the gingiva!
The patient must hold the passive electrode in his right hand with
dewy fingers. DentoMax automatically starts measurement a
second after establishing proper contact between probe tip and
tooth surface and sound signal is played. If abnormally high
conductivity is measured (e.g. due to moisture left on tooth
surface, etc.) fast regular warning sound signal is played. Wash
and dry the tooth again and repeat measuring procedure.
Measuring scale is displayed as soon as measurement starts.

27
Amplitude of stimulus electrical impulses increases smoothly
under precise control of embedded microprocessor in order to
avoid a sharp and unpleasant sensation.
Patient should be instructed to give a sign to dentist as soon as the
first irritation is sensed (a pulsating pressure, warmth, tingling).
NOTE: Patient should not wait for subsequent increase of
impulse level till stronger pain but indicate perception as soon as
the first irritation is sensed.
After disconnecting probe tip the maximum reached current level
indication (vitality response value) remains on display till a new
measurement is initiated.
If contact is broken and re-established within half a second,
testing continues without resetting. This feature avoids accidental
resetting if momentary loss of contact occurs. The unit resets
after 1 second of lost contact to aid rapid testing of multiple teeth.
For more precise determination of patient’s response threshold is
desirable to make several measurements. To analyze the
measured vitality response value make comparative
measurements of symmetrical tooth and tooth in the same group.

28
Vitality Scanner Troubleshooting
False negative occurs when a vital tooth does not respond to the
maximum level.
Causes include:
• Moisture on tooth surface. False negatives can often be avoided
by drying the tested tooth
• A metallic filling contacting periodontal tissues
• Severe calcification of pulpal tissue
• Immature apices
• Severe trauma to the tooth
• Other conditions resulting in degradation of neural response
False positive occurs when patient perceives stimulus on a
necrotic tooth.
Causes include:
• A patient sensing stimulation in an adjacent tooth in contact
with vitality tested tooth
• A patient sensing a periodontal neural stimulus instead of a
pulpal nerve stimulus. Periodontal response is quite different than
pulpal response. Compare the sensation perceived on a vitality
tested tooth with direct stimulation of periodontal tissue before
vitality testing.

Ionophoresis Therapy Mode – (FUNC)

In Ionophoresis mode DentoMax provides galvanic current up to
800uA (0,8 mA) helping a medicine to penetrate in root canal for
sterilization or therapy. Switch the Control Unit to Ionophoresis
Therapy mode by short pressing FUNC button. "Ionophoresis
therapy" indication appears on first row of display. Plug in
Control Unit receptacle the proper measuring cable ending with
two contact clips - black and red. Black clip is negative electrode
and red one is positive. Connect the contact clips according to the
type of medicine being used. Connect the cable clip with the
proper polarity (according to the type of medicine being used) to
the contact plate of passive electrode (a square, black, rubber
one). Enclose the electrode in tissue paper, moisten with water

29
and place it in patient’s right hand. During procedure the patient
must slightly press with fingers the electrode to ensure electrical
contact. The other clip is connected to a tiny cable which
conducts current to the pulp chamber of the treated tooth.
Remove the isolation of the tiny cable in both ends – on the tooth
side - 2 millimeters and on the clip side - about 10 millimeters.
Insert paper points in each of root canals and a cotton piece in
pulp chamber impregnated with the appropriate medicine and
close tooth with temporary filling through which comes out the
tiny cable.
After connecting the two clips DentoMax automatically checks
electrical conductivity and “ready to start” sound signal is played.
Scale to adjust and control the flowing current appears on
display. Set the desired current value by pressing PLUS(+) and
MINUS(-) buttons. It is digitally displayed on bottom row and
graphically (on upper scale) by thick horizontal segments.

The set current is reached smoothly for about 10-20 seconds to

avoid unpleasant feeling of patient. This is displayed on the lower
scale by thin vertical lines that show the present actually flowing
current through patient’s circuit. Subsequently the
microprocessor stabilizes flowing current to ensure proper
operation. During procedure both scales must be equal. If large
fluctuations of measured current are observed (lower scale of thin
vertical lines) the processor automatically reduces set current or
interrupts ionophoresis. If patient gives a sign for unpleasant
feeling current level could be reset by long pressing FUNC
button and a lower value should be set.

30
Measured time (in minutes) from the beginning of procedure is
displayed on right side of bottom row and every five minutes a
sound signal is played.
After expiry of desired time (no more than 30min) ionophoresis
therapy is terminated by long pressing (more than 1 second)
FUNC button. Current reduction is smooth and automatically
controlled. A warning sound signal is played till zero current
value is reached.

NOTE: During automatic current reduction accompanied by

sound signal the electrodes should not be unclipped! Otherwise
painful sensation in patient could be caused.

Corrosion Potential Measurement Mode – (FUNC)

Switch the Control Unit to Corrosion Potential Measurement
mode by short pressing FUNC button. "Corrosion potential"
indication appears on first row of display. Plug in Control Unit
receptacle the proper measuring cable and place sterile tips on
both of the probes. Blinking "±" character indicates that
DentoMax is ready for measurement. Establish proper contact
between probe tips and the two metal structures in patient’s
mouth to measure corrosion potential. Wait till display indication
is stabilized (5-15 seconds) and read the exact value. The probe
connected to red plug of the connecting cable (with positive
polarity) must be in contact with the metal structure with higher
potential. As it is usually difficult to determine, opposite polarity
measurement should be done (one of the values should be less
than 20mV). The higher measured value is correct. The estimated
maximum allowed corrosion potential is 100mV.

31
General and Service Settings Mode – (SET UP)
Volume Control
Sound signal volume could be adjusted in three levels (low,
medium, high) by short pressing SET UP button. Indication for
selected volume appears for a second - one, two or three bells
“ ” - down in left corner of display.
Service Settings Mode
Press and hold SET UP button till mode is changed. Select one of
the Setup programs by short pressinf SET UP button again:
• Setting parameters for air pressure and proportional foot control
• Manual motor type and parameters setup
• Automatic motor parameters setup
• Entering PIN
When desired changes are made return DentoMax to working
mode by short pressing PREP, SURG or ENDO buttons.
Air Pressure and Foot Control Settings
To achieve smooth and proportional motor speed control by
pneumatic foot control minimum and maximum air pressure
parameters must be adjusted in some cases.
WARNING: Air pressure setting is possible only when using
motor 1. The same settings are valid for motor 2.
Down in left corner is displayed minimum air pressure value
(minimum pressure on foot control). If reached motor starts
rotating with about 50% of set speed on display. To change it
press foot control to desired position and press (<<) button. It
must be over 0.7 and less than the maximum value with 1 unit at
least.

32
Down in right corner is displayed the maximum air pressure
value (maximum pressure on foot control). If reached motor
rotates with 100% of set speed on display. Increasing pressure
above this value does not increase speed anymore. To change it
press foot control to desired position and press (>>) button. It
must be over the minimum value with 1 unit at least.
In the middle of bottom row is displayed current pressure value
depending on the position of foot control.

NOTE: Pressure units on display are relative and

approximately equal to 1 bar.

Manual motor type and parameters setup

Electric motor control system DentoMax operates either with AC
(brushless) or DC (brushed) electric motors. For optimal
performance of each motor type DentoMax software is usually
factory adjusted according to its individual parameters. If
additional adjustment is necessary use Manual Motor Setup
mode.

On last two rows are displayed types and values of three

parameters for motor 1 and 2. The motor type can be AC
(brushless motor) or DC (brushed motor).
Ku parameter reflects linear corelation between working voltage
and motor rotation speed. Increasing Ku leads to speed
increment. If Ku is changed check if actual motor speed matches
the set speed on display after pressing foot control to end.

33
 WARNING: Individual settings for each motor. It is
recommended to be checked at a speed close to maximum motor
speed for preparation mode (PREP) by a standard cyclometer.
Ki parameter reflects feedback relation between operating current
and motor rotation speed. If speed slows down when motor
loading is close to maximum Ki parameter should be increased. If
speed increases or is unstable Ki should be decreased.

WARNING: Individual settings for each motor. It is

recommended to be checked at a speed slightly below average
motor speed for preparation (PREP) or surgery/implantology
(SURG) mode.
Kt parameter reflects relation between operating motor current
and system determined torque. If Kt is changed check if Auto
Reverse/Auto Stop function stops motor rotation when the
torque set on display is exceeded by a control device for torque
measurement.

WARNING: Individual settings for each motor. It is

recommended to be checked at a speed and torque limit slightly
above average values for the motor in endodontic (ENDO) and
surgery/implantology (SURG) mode according to motor usage.

Automatic motor parameters setup

Program is used for automatic determination of motor parameter
Ku. To run program handpiece should not be attached to motor.
Press pedal to start. When program ends on display appears
information on determinated parameter Ku value and speed
deviation in %!

NOTE: Parameters Ki and Kt should be manually set up when

program is completed (see Manual motor type and parameters
setup).

34
Entering PIN
In some cases DentoMax is installed with software functionality
partially limited. A 4-digit PIN given by producer or distributor
should be entered to activate disabled functions.
Enter PIN digits one by one. Select the correct one by PLUS(+)
and MINUS(-) buttons. To pass from one digit position to
another use (<<) и (>>) buttons. Press (>>) button after entering
last digit.
On entering correct PIN “OK” appears on display.
On wrong PIN “BAD” indication is displayed.

Possible failures / Troubleshooting

No display indication when
power is on. Button
indication does not light.
The selected micromotor
does not run after pressing
the pedal.
The file rotation does not
start automatically after
inserting file in root canal in
Endodontic mode (ENDO).
No apex distance indication
available for file tip position
in ENDO mode neither in
manual measurement mode
nor in automatic mode.
No symbol "H" on third row
of display appears when
touching the file to lip clip.
Check cable connections between
the two modules of DentoMax.
Check the connecting air pipe to
the air pressure sensor of the
Power Driver of DentoMax
Check if Auto Rotate function is
enabled.
Check if the apex location cable is
connected properly to the
handpiece and DentoMax Control
Unit.
Check if the contact clip is well
hooked on patient`s lip.
Check if contact plate is in
position to ensure contact with file
Check if file clip holder is in
position to ensure contact with file
Check if apex location cable is
connected properly to handpiece
and DentoMax Control Unit.
Check if the contact clip is well
hooked on patient`s lip.
Check if apex location cable is in
35

An exclamation mark “!”
appears on the third row of
display.
In Endodontic mode
(ENDO) after pressing foot
control the file starts
rotating outside root canal
for a while and stops.
Overload sound signal is
played.
During Torque Calibration
procedure "Torque High" or
"ERROR" indications
appear
In Endodontic mode
(ENDO) apex locator scale
fills to the end on inserting
the file tip into the canal.
Speed and torque parameter
cannot be changed from
DentoMax Control Unit
properly.
After switching on power
DentoMax starts in ENDO
instead in PREP mode
good working condition.
Do not use the apex locator.
Abnormal electromagnetic wave
interference or internal
malfunctions are detected. Check
the connection and reliability of
cables. Eliminate/Switch off any
electromagnetic wave interference
sources like ultrasonic or RF
devices working nearby.
Make sure Torque Calibration
procedure is done, “ENDO”
indication on display must not be
blinking.
Check endodontic handpiece
working condition.
Check if endodontic handpiece is
well clean and oiled.
Check endodontic handpiece
working condition.
Check if endodontic handpiece is
well clean and oiled.
Check for fluid overflow from
pulp chamber.
Dry cavity! Liquid in root canal
must be below orificium level.
Check for tooth fracture or other
gingival communication which
interfere normal apex location.
Check cable connections between
Power Driver and Control Unit.
36
Technical Specifications
Classification: IEC 601-1 Class 2, Patient Contact
Mode of Operation: IEC 601-1 Continuous Operation
Unit is not protected from penetration of liquids.
Unit is not suitable for use in presence of a flammable anesthetic
mixture with air or with oxygen or nutrious oxide.
Transport and storage conditions:
-10ºC to +40ºC /10% to 90% relative humidity
Operating conditions:
+10ºC to +35ºC / 30% to 70% relative humidity
Electric Motor Power Driver
Power supply AC 26±3V
Maximum consumed current 9A
Maximum consumed power 240W
Maximum motor output power:
• AC (brushless) motor 200W
• DC (brushed) motor 75W
Maximum motor rotation speed:
• AC (brushless) motor 40000rpm
• DC (brushed) motor 40000rpm
Minimum motor rotation speed 1000rpm
AC motor speed accuracy ±2%
DC motor speed accuracy ±10%
Тorque accuracy ±10%
Minimum air sensor pressure 0.7АТМ
Maximum air sensor pressure 6.0АТМ
Motor light voltage/power DC 3.3V / 3W
Maximum peristaltic pump voltage - DC 12V
Maximum peristaltic pump current - 0.5A
Coolant flow / debit - 30÷110 ml / min
Electric Motor Control Unit (LCD and keyboard)
Power supply DC 12V±2V (derived from Power Driver module)
Maximum consumed current 0.2A
Power Driver to Control Unit isolation voltage 1000V

37
Declaration of Conformity
DentoMax meets the requirements of Directive 93/42/EEC and is
marked with CE.
DentoMax complies with the harmonized European standard for
medical equipment BDS EN ISO 60601-1-2:2003.
DentoMax conforms to the electromagnetic compatibility
standard (EMC) BDS EN 55011:2003.
Graphic symbols
Attention! Read the instruction before use!

Corresponds to MDD 93/42 EEC

Type BF Patient Applied Part

Provide for recycling - Directive, WEEE Directive
2002/96/EC!
Disclaimer
Responsibility of Oviron electronics Ltd., as a manufacturer and
distributor of medical devices, extends to technical safety features
of the device only if maintenance and repairs are carried out by
Oviron electronics Ltd. or authorized agencies with original
factory parts.
Any use of unauthorized accessories or not following any of
usage instructions are at the operator’s risk and voids the
warranty. Oviron electronics Ltd. does not assume any
responsibility for incorrect diagnosis due to operator`s mistake or
equipment malfunction. The manufacturer guarantees the device
36 months from the date of purchase (without the cables). The
warranty period for the cables is 6 / six / months. Defects found
by us will be repaired free of charge or in our opinion unit will be
replaced. The warranty of motors and handpieces is determined
by their manufacturers.
The warranty voids if unit is used improperly, damaged by
accident or intentionally, repaired or modificated by unauthorized
persons from Oviron Electronics Ltd.
38
 Warranty and Returns

Model: DM-PWR-200-AL

Ser. No …....................
/ serial number /

Production date: ….....................

PIN: .................................
/personal identification number/

Buyer :................................................................................
/ name / type of organization /

Sale date: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Buyer: Seller:

/ signature / / signature and stamp /

39
Terms
3 Years Limited Warranty
The unit is designed for lasting durability and predictable results.
The manufacturer gives a worldwide guarantee for three years
beginning from date of purchase. If unit should fail to operate
correctly, please contact your Oviron electronics Ltd. customer
service representative or e-mail or contact your local dealer or
supplier.

Warranty repairs can only be performed by Oviron electronics

Ltd. or by authorized agencies with original factory parts. Any
unauthorized repairs will void the warranty.
1. Use the original packaging when shipping or storing the unit.
2. Many problems could be solved over phone or e-mail. Do not
hesitate to contact us if you experience difficulties when using the
unit.
3. Damages incurred during shipping due to improper packaging
are not covered by the warranty. If the original box and/or foam
packaging are not available, please call Oviron electronics Ltd.
for packaging instruction.
4. Mark all outer packaging with your name, address, phone
number and e-mail (if available). Include a short description of
the problem.
5. The warranty of the cables is 6 / six / months.
6. This warranty does not include the external accessories, file
electrode, handpieces or shipping cost. The warranty of the
motors and handpieces is determined by their manufacturer.
7. The buyer assumes responsibility for damage due to dropping
of the unit, improper use and utilization of product other than the
stated in this instruction manual for cleaning. It is customer’s
responsibility to maintain the exact rated voltage indicated at the
bottom of the unit, and office maintains electrical outlets for
proper performance of unit.

40
 Installation Protocol
…………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………….

Date: …………………

Installation qualified personnel:

…………………………………………………………………….
/name, signature/

41
Service and Maintenance Remarks
…………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………….

Date: ………………… …………………………

/name, signature/

…………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………….

Date: ………………… …………………………

/name, signature/

42