TUTORIAL CHAPTER 3 : CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

1. Write the equilibrium expression for K c for the following reactions

a) 2O3 (g) 3O2(g)
b) 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) 2NOCl(g)
+
c) Ag (aq) + 2NH3(aq) Ag(NH3)2+(aq)

2. In the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen,

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
o
Kc = 9.60 at 300 C. Calculate Kp for this reaction at this temperature.
Answer: 4.34 x 10-3

3. The following equilibrium process has been studied at 230 oC

2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g)
In one experiment, the concentrations of the reacting species at equilibrium are found to be
[NO]=0.0542M, [O2]=0.127M and[NO2]=15.5M. Calculate the equilibrium constant K c of the
reaction at this temperature.
Answer:
5
6.44 x 10

4. Methanol (CH3OH) is manufactured industrially by the reaction

CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g)
The equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction is 10.5 at 220oC. What is the value of Kp at this
temperature
Answer: 6.41 x 10-3

5. A mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen in a reaction vessel is allowed to attain equilibrium at 472 oC.
The equilibrium mixture of gases was analyzed and found to contain 7.38 atm H 2, 2.46atm N2,
and 0.166 atm NH3. From these data, calculate the equilibrium constant K p for the reaction N2(g)
+ 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
Answer: 2.79x10-5
6. At 448oC the equilibrium constant K c for the reaction
H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)
is 50.5. Predict in which direction the reaction will proceed to reach equilibrium at 448 oC if we
start with 2.0x10-2 mol of HI, 1.0x10-2 mol of H2, and 3.0x10-2 mol of I2 in a 2.00L container.
Answer: left to
right

7. For the Haber process, N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g), Kp = 1.45x10-5 at 500oC. In an equilibrium
mixture of the three gases at 500 oC, the partial pressure of H2 is 0.928atm and that of N2 is
0.432atm. What is the partial pressure of NH 3 in this equilibrium mixture?
 Answer:
-3
2.24x10

8. A 1.00 L flask is filled with 1.00 mol of H 2 and 2.00 mol of I2 at 448oC. The value of the
equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction H 2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g) at 448oC is 50.5. What are the
equilibrium concentration of H2, I2 and HI in moles per liter?
Answer: [H 2]=0.065M, [I2]=1.065M,
[HI]=1.870M

9. A closed system initially containing 1.00x10 -3M H2 and 2.00x10-3M I2 at 448oC is allowed to reach
equilibrium. Analysis of the equilibrium mixture shows that the concentration of HI is 1.87x10 -
3
M. calculate Kc at 448oC for the reaction taking place, which is H 2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)

Answer: 51

10. At the start of a reaction, there are 0.249 mol N2, 3.21x10 -2mol H2, and 6.42x10-4mol NH3 in a
3.50 L reaction vessel at 375oC. If the equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g)
2NH3(g)
is 1.2 at this temperature, decide whether the system is at equilibrium. If it is not, predict which
way the net reaction will proceed.
Answer: the system is not at equilibrium. Shifts to the right

11. Consider the equilibrium

N2O4(g) 2NO2(g) ∆Ho=58.0kJ
In which direction will the equilibrium shift when
a) N2O4 is added
b) NO2 is removed
c) The total pressure is increased by addition of N 2(g)
d) The volume is increased
e) The temperature is decreased
Answers: (a) shifts to the right (b) shifts to the right (c) no shift (d) shifts to the right (e) shifts to
the left

12. Consider the following equilibrium process between dinitrogen tetrafluoride (N 2F4) and nitrogen
difluoride (NF2):
N2F4(g) 2NF2(g) ∆Ho=38.5kJ/mol
Predict the changes in the equilibrium if
(a) The reacting mixture is heated at constant volume
(b) Some N2F4 gas is removed from the reacting mixture at constant temperature and volume
(c) The pressure on the reacting mixture is decreased at constant temperature
(d) A catalyst is added to the reacting mixture
Answers: (a) shifts to the right (b) shifts to the left (c) shifts to the right (d) no shift
13. Consider the following equilibrium
PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) PCl5(g) ΔH° = -88kJ
How will each of the following changes affect the equilibrium position of the system?
(a) If Cl2(g) is added to the system.
(b) If the reaction mixture is heated.
(c) If the volume of the reaction vessel is doubled.
(d) If PCl5(g) is removed from the system.
(e) If a catalyst is added to the system.
Answers: (a) shifts to the right (b) shifts to the left (c) shifts to the left (d) shifts to the right (e) no
shift

14. At 2000 °C, the equilibrium constant for the reaction is 2.4 x10 3.
2NO(g) N2(g) + O2(g)
If the initial pressure of NO(g) is 37.3 atm, what are the equilibrium partial pressures of NO, N 2
and O2?
Answers: PNO=0.38 atm, PN2=18.46, PO2=18.46atm

15. Calculate the equilibrium constant, Kp for the following reaction:

PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) PCl5(g),
given the equilibrium constant, Kc = 1.67 at 500 K.
Answers: 0.0407
16. For the following reaction,
CH4(g) + 2H2S(g) CS2(g) + 4H2(g)
1.00 mole of CH4, 1.00 mole of CS2, 2.00 mole of 2H2S and 2.00 mole of H2 are mixed in a 250 mL
vessel at 960°C. At this temperature, the equilibrium constant, Kc is 0.036.
a) In which direction will the reaction proceed?
b) If [CH4] = 5.56 M at equilibrium, what are the equilibrium concentration of the other
substances?
Answers: (a) shifts to the left (b) [H 2S]=11.12M, [CS2]=2.44M, [H2]=1.76M

17. a) C2H6(g) C2H4(g) + H2(g)

At 100 °C, Kc of the above reaction is 2.17 x 10 -5. If 2 x 10-3 mole of C2H6 gas is put into a 1 liter
container, calculate the concentration of all species at equilibrium.
b) calculate Kp for the above reaction. (R= 0.0821 L atm mole -1 K-1)
18. The equilibrium concentrations for the reaction between carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas
(H2) to form methanol (CH 3OH) at 250 °C are [CO] = 0.025 M, [H 2] = 0.053 M and [CH3OH] = 0.24 M.
Calculate the equilibrium constant Kc and Kp for the following reaction:

CO (g) + H2 (g) → CH3OH (g)

19. Consider the following equilibrium process:

C2H6 (g) C2H4 (g) + H2 (g)

At 100 °C, Kc of the above reaction is 2.17 x 10 -5. If 2 x 10-3 mole of C2H6 gas is put into a 1 liter
container, calculate:

i) the concentration of all species at equilibrium.

ii) Kp for the above reaction.
Given: R= 0.0821 L atm mole-1 K-1

20. Formic acid, HCOOH, is a weak acid present in the venom of red-ant bites. At equilibrium
[HCOOH] = 2.00 M, [HCOO-] = 4.0 x 10-1 M, and [H3O+] = 9.0 x 10-4 M.

i) Write the equilibrium expression for the ionization of formic acid.

ii) Calculate the value of Ka for this acid.

21. Consider the equilibrium:

SO3(g) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ∆H = +197.0 kJ

State in which direction the equilibrium will shift to, when

i) SO3 is added.
ii) SO2 is removed.
iii) The total pressure is increased by the addition of He (g).
iv) The temperature is decreased.

Justify your answer based on the Le Chatelier’s Principle.

22. Consider the equilibrium

CH4(g) + H2O (g) CO(g) + 3H2(g) ∆H > 0

State in which direction the equilibrium will shift to, when

i) H2O is removed.
ii) CO is removed.
iii) An inert gas is added.
iv) The volume of the container is tripled.
v) The temperature is increased.