CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Language is a communication tool in the form of sound symbol system produced by
human speech tools. As we know,
language consists of words or collections of words. Each has a meaning, that is, an abstract
relationship between the word as a symbol and the object or concept represented by a
collection of words or vocabulary by linguists arranged alphabetically, or in alphabetical
order, accompanied by an explanation of their meaning and then recorded into a dictionary or
lexicon. When we speak or write, the words that we say or write are not arranged in a way,
but follow the rules. To express ideas, thoughts or feelings, we must choose the right words
and arrange them according to the rules of language. The set of rules that underlies the use of
language, or what we use as language guidelines is what is called grammar. Every area have a
different language and unique when they say that cause we know Indonesia are variety
nation.

According to Santoso (1990: 1), language is a series of sounds that are produced by
the means of conscious human speech. Other definitions, Language is a form and not a state
(lenguage may be form and not matter) or an arbitrary sound symbol system, or also a system
of many systems, a system of an order or an order in the systems system. That understanding
was stated by Mackey (1986: 12).

Swadesh is a compilation of basic concepts for historical-comparative linguistic

purposes. The list was first made by linguistic Morris Swadesh in 1950. Translating the list
into a series of languages. The swadesh list used in lexicostatistic and glossochronology.

1.2 Problem Formulation

 How many the differences of zero, phonology and lexical based on Swadesh data in
Mudung Darat?

1.3 Research Objectives

 To find out the translation of Indonesian vocabulary into Mudung Darat

1.4 Research Benefits

 Add knowledge of local languages for researchers and readers.
 To know the different phonetic in local language.
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Literature Review
Phonetic Definition
phonetics is a part of science in linguistics that studies or investigates language sounds
produced by humans without seeing the function of sound as a differentiator of meaning in
a language (langue). Phonetic science investigates sound from the perspective of speech or
parole. On the other hand phonology is a science based on phonetics and studying
phonetic systems.
According to AbdulChaer (2003: 102),
Based on the etymology "phonology" is formed from the word "phon" which means
"sound" and "logi" means as "science". So, generally can be said phonology has the
meaning of science that studies the sound of language used by humans.

History of Phonetic
The history of phonology can be traced through the history of the use of phonemes from
any time or time. During the Linguistic Society session in Paris on May 24, 1873,
Dufriche Desgenettes offered a phoneme name as the equivalent of Bjm Sprachault.

Idologyof Ferdinand DeSaussure

Ferdinand De Saussure interpreted the phoneme as a unique and hypothetical prototype
that came from various sounds in the language of the members. That, he revealed in his
writing, Memorie Sur Le Systeme Primitive Des Voyelles and Les Langues Indo-
Europeennes (memoirs about the vocal system of various Indo-European languages) when
in 1878.
Mikolaj Kreszewski is a figure from the Kazan school. The flow means the phoneme as a
phonetic unit that can not be divided and not the same as anthropophonic (is typical of
every person).

The main character of this genre, namely Baudoin de Courtenay. It existed in 1895. He
argues that any sound that is phonetically different is called an alternan. Thus, although
pronounced unequal, many / several sounds originate from a similar benryuk. When in
1880, a man named Courtenay expressed criticism for the precision / several phonemes
which according to him had no function / benefit. Furthermore, a figure named Paul Passy
when in 1925 confirmed the criticism of Courtenay.

Ideology of Praha

Phonology was born with a sign, namely "Proposition 22" or in Indonesian called
"Proposal 22" where the submission was made by Jakobson, Karczewski, and Trubetzkoy,
precisely at that time was taking place a large congress, namely the international congress
I of the linguists at La Haye at La Haye at April 1928.
Jakobson interpreted the phoneme in 1932 and succeeded in attracting the attention of
linguists. According to him, phonemes are a number of characteristics for phonies which
have the function of distinguishing sounds from one language to another. In short, the
technique used to differentiate the meaning of words. Thus, phonemes are a number of
distinguishing markers / characteristics.
Daniel Jones and English Phonetic School
Beginning in 1907, Daniel Jones gave phonetic courses at the University of London.
Subsequently, he became involved in the practice of phonology in England. Learning in
the pronunciation of various world languages. The focus in the two cases above, makes it
has its own conception of phonemes. In 2929, Jones defined the phoneme as being
distribuional. He stated that in his writing entitled "Colloquial Sinhalese Reader"
accompanied by H.S. Parera
Jones described the phoneme as a reality of mentality. That's because Baudoin de
Courtenay has inspired him. In the study of the natural phoneme, it can use language
intusions or other psychological techniques. That means Jones prefers the nature of the
phoneme. With this view, Jones also means having plunged into the work area of
phonology. In his analysis, he usually inputs (certain) phonological data by eliminating
viewpoints for phonology.
 CHAPTER III
METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Design of Research
According to Judith Preissle in Creswell J(1998:24) “ Qualitative research is a loosely
defined category of research design, or models, all of which elicit verbal, visual, tactile,
olfactory, and gustatory data in form of deescriptive narratives like field notes, recordings,
or other transcription from audio and videotapes and other written records and picture or
films. From the statement in this research uses qualitative research methodology to describe
the result of the research was identyfied.
3.2 Source of Data
In this research, the researcher get the data from the research was done in 30 Novemeber
2019 in Mudung Darat, Maro Sebo Jambi. The respondent of the reearch is the masyarakat
from the Mudung Darat. The researcher choose the respondent with random. The researcher
interview baased on Swadesh vocabulary.
3.3 Technique of Collecting Data
Technique to collecting data in this research is uses note-taking and interview with the
respondents. When the researcher interview with the respondent the researcher also write
and make note taking what the respondent said.
3.4 Technique of Analizing data
After collecting the data, the researcher analyzed the data. The data is analyzed by
following technical processing.
1. Identification
From the data was get in interview next the researcher identification the data with make
the phonetic from the data was get. This phonetic is uses for the dasar for make the
different phonology.

2. Classification
After get the phonetic from the data the next step is classification the data with three
categories like diffrent lexical, different phonology, and different zero from the phonetic.

3. Describe
In this section, the researcher would describe difference of phonology, difference of
lexical and difference of zero in the phonetic vocabulary obtained from the narasumbers.
 CHAPTER IV
FINDING

4.1 Finding and Result

From the results of data analysis conducted by researchers it was found that there were
zero differences, lexical differences and phonological differences in the language of the
people living in the village of Mudung Darat, Maro Sebo jambi. From 177 vocabularies
it was concluded that there were zero differences of 99 vocabularies, lexical differences
39 vocabularies and 39 phonology differences.
Interview Proces: