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STUDY OF COMPARISON OF APPLYING MODES IN RESPONSE SPECTRUM

ANALYSIS

Conference Paper · April 2017

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Kiran Somasundar M Rahul Leslie

RMIT University Kerala Public Works Department
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 STUDY OF COMPARISON OF
APPLYING MODES IN
RESPONSE SPECTRUM ANALYSIS
Rahul Leslie2
Kiran Somasundar M1 Dy.Director
P.G Scholar DRIQ
Department of Civil Engineering Kerala PWD
Amal Jyothi College of Engineering Trivandrum
Kanjirappally rahul.leslie@gmail.com
kiran110493@gmail.com
Abstract— In the response spectrum analysis, the method
prescribed for seismic analysis of multi-storied buildings in IS
1893(part-1)2002, like other similar codes, is the method of
combining the modal responses, followed by combining them by
the SRSS or CQC to obtain the final response forces for design.
This method is referred to, by the authors, as the Indirect
method, since it is not the modal loads that are combined, but the
modal responses. One drawback often pointed out concerning
this method is that the resulting responses lose their signs in the
process of combination by SRSS (or CQC). One method to
overcome this is known as 'Dominant mode signage', available in
few of the analysis and design packages, like STAAD.Pro and
MIDAS/Gen. In this paper, a new method of analysis is being
investigated, referred to by the authors, as the Direct method,
where, instead of combining the modal responses by SRSS, the
modal (lateral) loads itself are combined by SRSS before
applying on the building model.
Keywords—modes, response spectrum analysis
I. INTRODUCTION
The codal procedure recommended for Response
Spectrum Analysis is referred in this report as the „Indirect
Method‟, where the modal loads(ie, the set of lateral loads
corresponding to each mode)are applied on the structure, one
at a time and the modal forces(ie, the member forces obtained
from the analysis for each modal loads(Bending moment BM,
Shear force SF, Axial Force AF, etc )are combined by the
SRSS(Square Root of Sum of Squares hereafter referred to as
SRSS) The procedure has the drawback that, in case of
columns, in the process of combination of modal forces from
individual modes by SRSS, the interaction of AF‟s with its
corresponding BM‟s from within each modal force set is lost,
as AF‟s from all modal forces are combined, and finally the
interaction is between the combined AF‟s and combined BM‟s
Also in the process of combining by SRSS, the signs of forces
(AF and BM) are lost, ending up with positive signs for all
forces.
As a probable solution to the latter (ie, loss of signs),
some of the analysis‟ software packages (eg STAAD Pro and
Belarmin Xavier3
Assistant.Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Amal Jyothi College of Engineering
Kanjirappally
belarminxavier@amaljyothi.ac.in
MIDAS) have come up with a „Dominant Mode signage‟
feature by which, after determining the forces (BM, AF, SF
etc)by SRSSing those from individual modal force sets applies
signs to those values with that of the results obtained from
analysing for modal loads corresponding to that mode
dominant in that direction Thus the results for the seismic
analysis in X direction are the modal forces from each mode in
X direction combined by SRSS and given the sign of the
modal forces of that mode which is dominant in the X
direction.
Here a new approach is being investigated where,
instead of analysis for the modal loads and SRSSing the
results, the load themselves are combined by SRSS and
applied as a single load on the structure This method, referred
to here is the „Direct method‟, is at present recommended only
for applying multi modal lateral loads for pushover analysis.
II. METHODOLOGY
A. Response Spectrum Analysis
Response spectrum analysis is performed using multi-
mode responses, where the free vibration modes are computed
using Eigen vector analysis.
The modal parameters for a structure come as pairs of Natural
Frequency f (in Hz) and Mode shape ∅ or time period T, which
is its reciprocal(in s). The modal parameters for few of the
lower frequencies are considered for further calculations (7 8 4
2, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002), based on the following.
 Modes for frequencies > 33 Hz need not be
considered
 The number of modes considered should be such that
the total mass participation factor should be at least
90%
 Missing mass correction for modes having frequency
beyond 33Hz
For the modal parameters considered, the following factors are respective Earthquake forces. Then for each of these
determined for each mode earthquake forces, we obtain respective Bending moments.
These Bending moments are SRSSed to obtain a single
• Mode participation factor of each mode Pk Bending moment.

• Mass participation factor for each mode Mk

• Spectral Acceleration coefficient (Sa/g)

The Design horizontal seismic coefficient Ah is calculated for

each mode from (6 4 2, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)

Where,Z-Zone factor
Mode1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 Mode 5
I-Importance factor
R-Response reduction coefficient
For each mode we calculate earthquake forces for each
Sa/g-Spectral Acceleration coefficient where the Horizontal level
acceleration Sa/g is determined from the Response spectrum
curve (Fig 2,IS:1893(Part1)-2002)

We get respective bending moments for each mode and are

SRSSed

. Figure 1.Spatial Acceleration coefficient-Period Graph

The lateral force due to the modal response (considering

the mode participation factor) is obtained for each mode of
all the modes considered The the force at each level for
each mode is calculated as (7.8.4.5 (c), IS:1893(Part 1)-
2002) 2)Direct Method of Analysis:Consider five modes. For each
mode we obtain respective Earthquake forces for each
level. These forces are combined together to obtain a single
Earthquake force and bending moment is calculated for this
force.
Ak -design horizontal seismic coefficient, calculated for
mode k
∅ik -mode shape value for mode k for that floor level i
Pk -mode participation factor for mode k
Wi- mass at that floor level i

B. Combination of modes

1)Indirect Method of Analysis: Consider five modes for a Mode1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 Mode 5
building. For each of the five modes, we can calculate
 For each mode, respective earthquake forces are calculated Table 2 : Time period and Frequency
and combined by SRSSing Perio 0.694 0.222 0.123 0.085 0.065
d (sec)
Freq(Hz) 1.441 4.51 8.098 11.78 15.31

For kth mode, we should check for mass participation

Bending moment is calculated for this combined

Earthquake force.
Where, n = no. of levels
m = no. of modes
Table 3 : Mass participation

Mode I II III IV V

Mk (kN) 115.5 16.31 5.424 2.686 1.237

Mode participation factors are calculated thereafter

Table 4 : Mode Participation

3)Dominant mode method: When activated, all modal Mode I II III IV V

combination results will have the same sign as when the
dominant mode shape alone would have if it were excited Mk(kN) 115.5 16.31 5.424 2.686 1.237
and then the scaled results were used as a static
displacements result.
Design horizontal seismic coefficient is given by,
C. Calculations

A lumped mass model is taken for the study having

23.57kN each.Rectangular plate of size 0.4x0.23 and
0.3x0.4 are taken for modelling.Height is 18 m with seven
floors and plate thickness of plate is 0.1m.After applying
Z = Zone factor = 0.16
the loads we obtain the modes shapes for each floor out of
which we select five modes. I = Importance factor =1
R = Response reduction coefficient =3
Table 1 : Mode Shapes Earthquake force is calculated finally by

MODES>
LEVELS V 1 2 3 4 5 Combination of modes is explained earlier to get the final
1 0 0 0 0 0 results.
2 0.151 -0.53 0.824 -1 1
3 0.389 -1 0.861 -0.047 -0.838
4 0.58 -0.98 -0.24 0.999 0.027
5 0.763 -0.41 -1 -0.285 0.813
Period 0.693 0.221 0.123 0.084 0.065
Time period and frequency is also obtained from software
Sa/g 1.441 2.5 2.5 1.1273 1.0979

Ah 0.0384 0.0667 0.0667 0.03 0.0292

 Indirect method Direct method

III. CONCLUSION
The theoretical study of different types of application of
modes gave different results. That is for the same Earthquake
Forces acting on a structure, when applied in two methods
gave different results. The advantage of the new methods (i.e.,
Direct method and Dominant mode method)will preserve the
sign of the Bending moment and gives more accurate values.
For checking the methods in an economical manner, we have
to compare these methods with a time history analysis results
and check which methods gives reinforcement Asc that is
closer in values to the reinforcement required by the time
History analysis.
IV. REFERENCES

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