Partial Differential

Equations
2 y 1 2 y

x 2 a 2 t 2

2 z  2 z  1 2 z
x 2 y 2 a 2 t 2

 2 u   2 u   2 u  1 u
x 2 y 2 z 2 a 2 t

partial
differential
equation
solve
interpret

Method of separation of variables

translate

vibrating string problem SOLUTION

vibrating membrane problem
heat conduction problem

1
 PDE Problem 1
A uniform flexible string of length L is stretched and fixed
at both ends. It is then released from rest with an initial
displacement:  x L 0x
100
y x ,0   
2
Lx L xL
 100 2
Find the displacement of the string.
y


y x , t    Bn sin nLx cos nLat
n 1
Bn  L sin n
50 n 2 2

0 L x

The solution interpreted…


y x ,t   y1  y2  y3  ...  yn  ...   Bn sin nLx cos nLat
n 1

yn x ,t   Bn cos nat sin nx standing wave

L L
time-varying
amplitude of
the sine wave P
1st standing wave I
y1  B1 cos at sin x 1st normal mode T
L L C
fundamental mode H

O
y2  B2 cos 2at sin 2x 2nd standing wave V
L L E
R
T
O
y3  B3 cos 3at sin 3x 3rd standing wave N
L L E
S

2
PDE Problem 2
A slender rod of length 10 has its lateral surface insulated.
Initially, the temperature is
20  0x4

u x ,0   
50  4  x  10
Find the temperature distribution in the rod if both ends2
  nx exp   na  t 
are maintained at zero temperature 
u x , t  subsequently.
Bn sin
10  10 
n 1  
u
B n  20 2  3 cos 2 n  5  1n 
n  5 

@t 0
x
x 0 x 4 x  10

PDE Problem 3
u @t 0

70 

40 

20 

x
x 0 x 4 x  10

  2 
u x , t   20   Bn sin n10x exp   n10a  t

n 1 

Bn  20 2  3 cos 2 n  5  1n 
n  5 

3
PDE Problem 4

u @t 0

70 

40 

20 
25 

x
x 0 x4 x  10

PDE Problem 5
A thin sheet of metal coincides with the semi-infinite strip
bounded by the y axis and the positive halves of the lines
y=0 and y=5. The flat faces of the strip are insulated. The
bottom and top edges are maintained at zero temperature
while the left edge is maintained at 70o. Find the steady-
state temperature distribution in the plate.
y

ny
u x , y    Bn exp  n5x  sin 5
n 1
B n  140 1  cos n
u  0 n
5

u  70  

0 u  0 x

4
PDE Problem 6
Determine the steady-state temperature distribution in a
rectangular plate A(0,0), B(0,6), C(10,6), D(10,0) if the
temperature along AB, BC, and AD are maintained at
zero temperature while the edge CD is at temperature
80o. 
ny
y u x , y    Bn sinh n6x sin 6
n 1
B u  0 C 1601 cos n 
6 Bn 
n sinh 5 n3

u  0 u  80 

A D
0 u  0 10 x

WE HAVE SOLVED…

 2u  2u  2u u  2u  2u
 12  12  0
x 2 a t 2 x 2 a t x 2 y 2

Types of Boundary Conditions

u Dirichlet condition

u
Neumann condition
n
u
 hu Robin condition
n