Jump to:

Block 1
Block 2
NBME 17 Block 3
Block 4
 Jump to:
Block 1
Block 2
Block 3
Block 4
BLOCK 1
Text
Text
 Jump to:
Block 1
Block 2
Block 3
Block 4
BLOCK 2
 Jump to:
Block 1
Block 2
Block 3
Block 4
BLOCK 3
alcoholic hepatitis
beta lactimase
direct inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis
50s
30s
folic acid synthesis
A peripheral smear of patients who
have undergone splenectomy to
treat hereditary spherocytosis will
show Howell-Jolly bodies
(basophilic nuclear remnants) and
the persistence of spherocytes,
since both are normally removed
by splenic macrophages.
Sildenafil

Vardenafil

Tadalafil
Myasthenia gravis is caused by autoantibodies against postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors with underlying thymic hyperplasia or thymoma.
Men with hyperestrogenemia classically have hypogonadism, prepubertal gynecomastia, palmar erythema, spider angiomas, and short stature; women typically
present with menstrual irregularities, enlarged breast tissue and enlarged uteru pluse increase in NH3 level leading to hepatic encephaloapthy
Amyloidosis is identified by Congo red stain. It shows apple green birefringence under polarized ligh
opiod overdose reverse with naloxone
 Cyclosporine is used to prevent rejection of kidney, liver, and cardiac allogenic transplants
Auto-stimulation by IL-2 is the main stimulus for T cell proliferation. Calcineurin inhibition leads to a decrease in the synthesis of IL-2 by CD4+ Th cells,
thereby decreasing T-lymphocyte proliferation.
 Lifelong pattern of voluntary social withdrawal

Limited emotional expression

Unlike avoidant personality disorder, schizoid is content with

social isolation
 Loratadine

Desloratadine

Fexofenadine

Cetirizine
only affect antihistamine,
no sedative affect (crane
operator)
The inferior alveolar nerve relays sensation from the mandibular teeth and gums
fatty acyl carnitine is transported into the mitochondria via a fatty acyl carnitine/carnitine antiporter, which regenerates carnitine on the cytoplasmic side for
further transport of fatty acid
 a—>CNIII
b—>CN IV
c—>CNVI
d—>CN V1
e—>CN V2
 Jump to:
Block 1
Block 2
Block 3
Block 4
BLOCK 4
Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate)
TGF-β, secreted mainly by macrophages, is an important anti-inflammatory mediator, stimulating fibrosis (via increased fibroblast growth/differentiation and
collagen synthesis) and cell cycle arrest. It also aids in angiogenesis by stabilizing newly formed vessels.
bulimia nervosa—>parotid gland enlargement
dental cavities
electrolyte disturbances
alkalosis, hypokalemia
Russell's sign
dorsal hand calluses from inducing vomiting
 Most commonly found in the atrium
preferably in the fossa ovalis of the atrial septum
Presentation
Constitutional symptoms (fever and fatigue)
Can be friable and cause systemic embolization leading to stroke and other ischemic events
Diastolic "plop" may be auscultated
 upper respiratory tract involvement
nasal ulcers
perforation of the nasal septum
chronic sinusitis, otitis media, or mastoiditis
necrotizing granulomatous c-ANCA-associated vasculitis affecting the lung involvement
upper respiratory tract, lungs, kidneys, and skin COPY hemoptysis
cough
dyspnea
renal involvement
hematuria
 infliximab
monoclonal antibody to TNF-alpha
 causes
fat malabsorption
symptoms
↑ fragility of erythrocytes (hemolytic anemia)
muscle weakness
neurodysfunction
poor joint sensation and ataxia
Excess
synergistic ↓ in vitamin K dependent clotting factors with warfarin
potential hemorrhage in warfarin patients
 melanocytes with
marked cellular atypia
invasion into the dermis
vacuolated cytoplasm
hyperchromatic nuclei with prominant nucleoli
 normal flora acquires virulence factors
pili
P-fimbrae virulence factor is most important for colonization of urinary tract
exotoxin
LT
ST
shiga-like
endotoxin
lipid A part of LPS
K capsule
K-1 capsular antigen allows meningeal infection
pellagra with onset in childhood consisting of
diarrhea
dementia
dermatitis
 hypertension before 30 years of age
if abrupt onset in a young women, consider fibromuscular dysplasia
resistant or malignant hypertension
worsening renal function after taking an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocking (ARB) agent
may indicate bilateral renal artery stenosis (RAS) because ACE inhibitors and ARBs further decrease glomerular filtration rate and worsen renal function
sudden unexplained volume overload (heart failure or pulmonary edema)
 Physical examination
decreased breath sounds
dullness to percussion
decreased tactile fremitus
versus consolidation, which produces increased tactile fremitus
 Methylphenidate
(Ritalin)

inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) into presynaptic neurons
this increases the amount of NE and DA in the synaptic cleft thus stimulating postsynaptic neurons with NE and DA receptors