Definition of Terms

Admission - Any statement of fact made by a party which is against

his interest or unfavorable to the conclusion for which he contends
or inconsistent with the facts alleged by him.

AFIS - Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) is a biometric

identification (ID) methodology that uses digital imaging technology
to obtain, store, and analyze fingerprint data.

Amateur Intermittent Offender - These types of robbers view themselves

as lifetime robbers and commits infrequent robbery offenses, often
recklessly.

Armed Robbery - This involves the use of weapons such as firearm, a

knife or other dangerous weapons.

Animus Lucrandi - means intent to gain, in Robbery.

      Bienes Muebles - in Robbery, means personal property belonging

      to another.

Arrest - The legal taking of a person into a custody in order that

he may be bound to answer for the commission of an offense.    

Arrest Warrant - An order in writing issued in the name of the

Philippines commanding or directing a peace officer to arrest the
person described therein and brings it before the court.

      The warrant of arrest is to be served within a statutory

      period of 10 days.

      The warrant  of arrest validity continues unless:

      1. Recalled by the issuing court
      2. The respondent has been arrested
      3. Respondent voluntary submitted himself

Arson - An act of willfully and maliciously damaging or destroying a

building or other property by fire or explosion.

Autopsy - known as a post-mortem examination, necropsy, autopsia

cadaverum, or obduction, is a highly specialized surgical procedure
that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse to determine the
cause and manner of death and to evaluate any disease or injury that
may be present.

Accused - A person who’s case was forwarded to the office of the

prosecutor and filed in court.

Baseline - a method of locating object, particularly useful in in

large, irregularly shaped outdoor areas.

Confession - An express acknowledgment by the accused in a criminal

prosecution of the truth of his guilt as to the offense charged,
while admission refers to statements of fact not directly constituting
an acknowledgment of guilt.

Corpus Delicti - Latin for the “body of the crime”.

Crime - A generic term referring to many types of misconduct

forbidden by law.

Crime Scene - A venue or place where the alleged crime/incident/event

has been committed.

Criminal - A person who is convicted by final judgment.

Criminalist - The officer responsible for recording a crime scene and

recognizing and preserving physical evidence.

Criminal Investigation - The collection of facts in order to accomplish

the three-fold aims – to identify the guilty party, to locate the guilty

party and to provide evidence of his (suspect) guilt.

Criminal Investigator - A well-trained, disciplined and experienced

professional in the field of criminal investigation.
Criminal Law - One that defines crimes treats of their nature and
provides for their punishment.

Crime Scene - The geographical area where the crime was committed.

Crime Scene Sketch -  A simple diagram that creates a mental pictures

of the scene to those who are not present.

      Rough Sketch -  The first pencil-drawn outline of the scene

      and the location of objects and evidence within this outline.

DNA Profiling - (also called DNA testing, DNA typing, or genetic

fingerprinting) is a technique employed by forensic scientists to assist
in the identification of individuals by their respective DNA profiles.

DNA Fingerprinting - is a test to identify and evaluate the genetic

information, called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), of a person's cells.

Early Techniques of Crime Investigation

      Archimedes (287–212 BC) invented a method for determining the
      volume of an object with an irregular shape.

      Book of Xi Yuan Lu - The first written account of using medicine

      and entomology to solve criminal cases.

      Carl Wilhelm Scheele - he devised in 1773 a method for detecting

      arsenous oxide, simple arsenic, in corpses.

      Henry Goddard - at Scotland Yard pioneered the use of bullet

      comparison in 1835.

      Alphonse Bertillon - was the first to apply the anthropological