NAME

18 Matching questions

A. used in agriculture to improve crop yields and reduce

1. What is Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) ?
farming costs

2. factors that will influence successful rooting of a B. artificial method of replicating DNA under laboratory
stem cutting? conditions

3. Which process is used in polymerase chain reaction C. when an unfertilised egg splits into two cells and each is
(PCR)? fertilised by a different sperm

4. Facts about clones? - share 50% of the same DNA

D. - butterfly larva feed exclusively on milkweed

5. Which processes involved in cloning an animal are
- wind-borne pollen from Bt corn may dust nearby
indicated by the letters X and Y?
milkweeds

6. What is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? E. suspects with complete match with the DNA sample taken
from the crime scene if a conviction is to occur
7. Concerns of Bt corns?
F. - Organisms that reproduce asexually will always clones
8. How are Non-identical twins (dizygotic) forms? - mechanisms exist whereby sexually reproducing
organisms can produce clones

9. E.G of Therapeutic cloning?

G. method by which cloned embryos can be produced using
differentiated adult cells
10. What is stem cutting?

H. - placed in soil with the lower nodes covered and the

11. How does Gel electrophoresis separate DNA ? upper nodes expose

12. Steps of Gel electrophoresis to separate DNA ? I. - Cutting position

- Length of cutting
- Growth medium
13. How does Gel electrophoresis work?
- use and concentration of growth hormones
- Temperature conditions
14. What is Somatic cell nuclear transfer? - Availability of water

15. Effect of Bt Pollen on Survival Rates of Monarch J. Replication

Butterflies?
K. - DNA negatively charged = repel it to opposite end
- smaller DNA travel down, larger stuck on top
16. What is required for Cloning multicellular organism?

L. 1. DNA samples place in agarose gel, fragment size

17. What is a difference between autosomes and sex
calculated by comparing against known industry standards
chromosomes?
2. identified by radiolabelled hybridisation probe - transfer
separated sequences to a membrane
18. DNA profiling in forensic investigation? 3. then visualising via autoradiography
 M. Sex chromosomes determine gender and autosomes do
not.

N. differentiated cell removed from animal nucleus removed

from unfertilized egg cell

O. 1. skin cells to repair skin burn

2. new heart tissues, repair areas damaged by heart attack

P. 1. Samples are placed in a block of gel, electric current

applied causes the samples to move through the gel
2. Smaller samples are less impeded by the gel matrix,
move faster
HENCE: samples of different sizes to separate as they
travel at different speeds

Q. - no significant risk to monarch butterfly populations

- no significant increase in mortality when monarch larva
were placed in or near an actual Bt corn field

R. the production of stem cells

- which can be artificially generated from adult tissue using
a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer

18 Multiple choice questions

1. - have the capacity for vegetative propagation

- small pieces can grow independently
A.
What is DNA profiling?
B.
E.g. of transgenic animal?
C.
How can plant naturally clone?
D.
Animals cloned from Adult Cell?

2. laboratory technique used to separate and isolate proteins or DNA fragments based on mass / size

A.
How does Gel electrophoresis separate DNA ?
B.
What is Somatic cell nuclear transfer?
C.
What is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
D.
What is Gel electrophoresis?
3. E.g: herbicide resistance
+Benefits:

- less random breeding

- faster than traditional
- characteristics from other species less likely in gene pool
- increase productivity
- less use in chemicals (pesticides)
A.
factors that will influence successful rooting of a stem cutting?
B.
Discuss the potential benefits and possible harmful effects of genetic modification. (benefits and e.g.)
C.
Examples of Plant natural cloning methods?
D.
Examples of the current uses of GMOS crops or animals

4. - restriction enzyme
-ligase
A.
What is created from gene modification?
B.
State two general types of enzymes used in gene transfer.
C.
What is Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) ?
D.
What is required for Cloning multicellular organism?

5. - used to amplify large quantities of a specific sequence of DNA from an initial minute sample

-Each reaction cycle doubles the amount of DNA

A.
Risks of GMOs?
B.
Facts about clones?
C.
Benefits of GMOs?
D.
Uses of PCR?

6. - to incorporate a gene of interest into a vector, both must be cut with restriction enzymes at specific recognition sites
-Restriction enzymes cleave the sugar-phosphate backbone to generate sticky ends
A.
Animals cloned from Adult Cell?
B.
Example of gene trasfer?
C.
Steps of Gel electrophoresis to separate DNA ?
D.
Step 2 of gene transfer?

7. - gene of interest is inserted into a plasmid vector that has been cut with the same restriction endonucleases
- sticky ends of the gene and vector overlap via complementary base pairing
- gene and vector are then spliced together by the enzyme DNA ligase
- DNA ligase joins the vector and gene
A.
Step 4 of gene transfer?
B.
Step 2 of gene transfer?
C.
Step 1 of gene transfer?
D.
Step 3 of gene transfer?
8. - Garlic and onion bulbs are modified plant leaves - all the bulbs in a group are genetically identical
-Underground stems (e.g. potato tubers) can form new plants which are genetically identical to the parent plan
A.
Examples of Plant natural cloning methods?
B.
Examples of the current uses of GMOS crops or animals
C.
How does Gel electrophoresis work?
D.
Steps of Gel electrophoresis to separate DNA ?

9. - long stretches of DNA made up of repeating elements (short tandem repeats)

- individuals have different numbers of repeats at a given satellite DNA locus
- fragments are separated using gel electrophoresis

= thus, results are different DNA profiles

A.
How does Gel electrophoresis work?
B.
How does Gel electrophoresis separate DNA ?
C.
How does Somatic cell nuclear transfer work?
D.
How does DNA profiling compare DNA?

10.

A.
Sticky End enzyme?
B.
Step 3 of gene transfer?
C.
Step 1 of gene transfer?
D.
Step 2 of gene transfer?

11. - scientists use differentiated cells from embryos

- direct the differentiation like wanted
- cause cell to develop
A.
Therapeutic cloning?
B.
Facts about clones?
C.
What is stem cutting?
D.
Concerns of Bt corns?

12. groups of genetically identical organisms

A.
What are Bt corns?
B.
What are clones?
C.
Pros of Bt corns?
D.
What is stem cutting?
13. all fragments produced in the child should also be produced by either the mother or father

- because: Children inherit 1/2 their chromosomes from each parent

A.
Animals cloned from Adult Cell?
B.
How does DNA profiling compare DNA?
C.
How does Gel electrophoresis work?
D.
DNA profiling in paternity testing?

14. - recombinant construct (including the gene of interest) introduced into an appropriate host cell or organism
- Antibiotic selection is used to identify which cells have successfully incorporated the recombinant construct
A.
Step 3 of gene transfer?
B.
Step 1 of gene transfer?
C.
Steps of Gel electrophoresis to separate DNA ?
D.
Step 4 of gene transfer?

15. environmental change - all individuals are the same - entire population wipe out
A.
Cons of natural clones?
B.
What is DNA profiling?
C.
Step 1 of gene transfer?
D.
Animal natural cloning methods?

16. - nutritional value of foods could be improved

- produce herbicides to kill pests
- longer shelf lives e.g. tomatoes ripened genes switches off
A.
Concerns of Bt corns?
B.
Example of gene trasfer?
C.
Benefits of GMOs?
D.
Uses of PCR?

17. - binary fission

- budding
- fragmentation
- parthenogenesis
A.
Animals cloned from Adult Cell?
B.
Animal natural cloning methods?
C.
What is Somatic cell nuclear transfer?
D.
What is Gel electrophoresis?
18. - removal of traits
- DNA taken in by organism, cause diseases
- cross pollination
- foods with GM components may not be labelled
A.
Risks of GMOs?
B.
Facts about clones?
C.
Uses of PCR?
D.
Benefits of GMOs?

17 True/False questions

1. 1. collect somatic cell & remove nucleus from original sheep

2. remove DNA from donor egg
3. DNA from donor sheep placed in empty egg
4. embryo placed in surrogate sheep
5. embryo developed, dolly the sheep was born → Step 2 of gene transfer?

True

False

2. Produce human insulin

1. cut hole in [Link] genome

2. Insert human gene in
3. allow time to reproduce a colony
4. purify then use for diabetics → Example of gene trasfer?

True

False

3. 1. Denaturation - DNA sample is heated to separate it into 2 strands (95ºC for 1 min)
2. Annealing - DNA primers attach to the 3' ends of the target sequence (55ºC)
3. Elongation - A heat-tolerant DNA polymerase (Taq) binds to the primer and copies the strand (72ºC)  → Uses of PCR?

True

False

4. - Each fertilized egg has the transgene injected.

- Each Lamb when mature can produce milk.
- Maize crops (Bt corn) have been engineered to be toxic to the corn borer by introducing a toxin gene from a
bacterium → Example of gene trasfer?

True

False

5. at embryo stage, by breaking up the embryo into more than 1 group of cells.
- cause embryonic cells can divide and become any type of tissue

- form identical twins → How does DNA profiling compare DNA?

True

False
6. - release genetically engineered organism in environment
- reduce genetic variation
-can spread and compete w naturally occurring varieties
- engineered genes could cross species barriers → What's Binary Fission?

True

False

7. transgenic, different genes in its genome → What is created from gene modification?

True

False

8. produce protein to kill insect larvae → What are clones?

True

False

9. individuals can be identified and compared via their respective DNA profiles → What is DNA profiling?

True

False

10. carried out by gene transfer between species.

- as genetic code is universal, organism can express new trait if appropriate gene introduced into its genome  → What is
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) ?

True

False

11. - fertilized egg (zygote) splits into 2 identical cells,

-each form a embryo
- genetically identical → How are identical twins (monozygotic) form?

True

False

12. - DNA isolated from cells by centrifugation

- gene interested amplified by PCR
- → Step 1 of gene transfer?

True

False

13. 1. remove DNA from donor + host cell (by PCR)

2. Cut gene from the donor cell, using endonuclease
3. use ligase to stick the gene to chromosome
4. stick modified chromosome inside host cell → 4 steps of gene transfer?

True

False
14. - Somatic cells are removed from the adult donor and cultured
- An unfertilised egg is removed from a female adult __ haploid nucleus is removed to produce an enucleated egg cell
- enucleated egg cell is fused with the nucleus ( from the adult donor to make a diploid egg cell)
- An electric current is then delivered to stimulate the egg to divide and develop embryo
- embryo is then implanted into the uterus of a surrogate, develop into a genetic clone of adult donor  → How does Gel
electrophoresis separate DNA ?

True

False

15. a genetically modified maize that incorporates an insecticide producing gene from the bacterium Bacillus
thuringiensis → Facts about clones?

True

False

16. Sheep milk have clotting factor

- insert human clotting gene into sheep, so sheep produce it when produce milk → E.G of Therapeutic cloning?

True

False

17. - organism divides equally in two, so as to produce two genetically identical daughter organisms
- occurs in Planaria (flatworms) but is also common to bacteria and protists → What's Binary Fission?

True

False