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Piston Failure Analysis - 1 PDF
Piston Failure Analysis - 1 PDF
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f. Pre-ignition, detonation: fuel with low octane level or old fuel, wrong
sparkplug thermal grade, defected ignition system and carbon deposit
(7) Obstructed cylinder
fins (e) Damaged impulse tube (g) Wrong carburettor adjustment (c)
g. Air leaks: from engine, crankshaft seals, crankcase gasket, impulse
tube, leaning fuel mixture and make the engine work over speeding, as
Air leaks in engine, crankshaft seals, Dirty fuel filter (l)
a wrong carburettor adjustment does (3) crankcase gasket (g)
l. Dirty fuel filter: it stops the fuel going inside carburettor and the
engine works using too much air. Carburettor inspection and cleaning
is suggested (3)
Intake side Exhaust side
m. Carbon deposit: excessive carbon deposits can build up and seize
the piston. The rings can stick because of oil carbon allowing gases to Diamond marks are easily noticeable.
pass the piston and cause exhaust side seizures (2) These are important to use as reference for further description
Deep scores on the piston. Excessive carbon deposit can build up and seize the piston. The rings stick because of oil carbon, allowing gases to pass the
Damaged piston caused by lack of lubrication piston and cause exhaust side seizures. The carbon deposit damages the surfaces, reducing lubrication
3. Overspeeding (g, h, l) 4. Lean carburettor adjustment (c, h) 5. Overheating (e)
Oil film break down. Damage caused by lean carburetion, ignition It causes insufficient lubrication normally associated with Overheating expands the piston skirt on the exhaust side.
coil problem (broken speed limiter), air leaks and/or dirty fuel filter overheating. Damage caused by lean carburettor adjustment Damage caused by overheating
6. Worn, damaged or missing air filter (d) 7. Pre-ignition, detonation (f, h, i)
The piston skirt material is worn off and the diamond marks The piston top shows evident impact signs and the skirt shows Damage caused by explosion: old fuel, low octane level,
disappear. Damage caused by worn air filter deep scores, caused by damaged or missing air filter excessive alcohol level, excessive compression value
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