Introduction:

Purpose: Understanding the usage of RLC circuits, Joule effect and negative resistance.

In order to understand the usage of RLC circuits, one should experience constructing them and step-
by-step finally construct correctly working circuit.
To obtain the good results, concept of difference in theoretical and practical results should be taken
into account. To understand the reason of this difference, one should discover several factors that
affect final result.

Body part:
To illustrate the path taken for measurements, diagram was constructed.

Getting the overview of the scheme of the

electric circuit

If not sure about connection of any

Constructing the electric circuit,
part, call teacher to verify if the
viewing scheme
part connected successfully

When the circuit is complete, call Use apparatus such as voltmeter

teacher to make sure that circuit or ammeter to measure values
constructed in right way

Use obtained values to plot the graphs

The next part consist of obtained graphs during PW:

Graphs:

I(u) curve with negative resistance

4
y3= 0.3377x - 0.0033
R² = 0.9998
2
1
I(mA)

0
-15 -10 -5 I(mA)
-1 0 5 10 15
-2
-3
-4
U(V)

The graph above was obtained after measuring current and voltage in circuit with negative
resistance included. The circuit contained operational amplifier.

I(u) curve without negative resistance

15
10
5
I(mA)

0
-15 -10 -5 I(mA)
-5 0 5 10 15
y = -1.006x - 0.0175
-10
R² = 1
-15
U(V)

This graph above was obtained after measuring current and voltage in circuit without negative
resistance. The circuit only resistor with ammeter and voltmeter.

Conclusion:
As was expected, final results were different from theoretical ones(values of measured voltage and
current). This generally happened because of Joule effect, as some of energy transformed into heat,
so here comes energy loses.
The slope of first graph is 0.3377 and in case of comparison to the slope of second graph(which is -
1.006), difference in signs can be observed.
During PW procedure, several problems occurred. First of all, one of multimeters did not work in
ammeter mode, so usage of another one was required. Secondly, some apparatus was not
recognized yet, so lack of experience slowed the procedure. But, step-by-step, we learned how to
connect cables correctly and how to use apparatus.