Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1 s2.0 S1877705813015646 Main PDF
1 s2.0 S1877705813015646 Main PDF
com
ScienceDirect
Procedia Engineering 65 (2013) 370 – 375
&RQFUHWHDQG&RQFUHWH6WUXFWXUHV&RQIHUHQFH
6RPH5HPDUNV7RZDUGV6XUIDFH5HLQIRUFHPHQW
8VHGLQ&RQFUHWH0HPEHUV
0iULD%HOORYiD
D
'HSDUWPHQWRI&RQFUHWH6WUXFWXUHVDQG%ULGJHV)DFXOW\RI&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ6ORYDN7HFKQLFDO8QLYHUVLW\5DGOLQVNpKR%UDWLVODYD
6ORYDNLD
$EVWUDFW
7KHSUHVHQWSDSHUGHDOVZLWKWKHVSHFLDOVLWXDWLRQVZKHQWKHFRYHURIUHLQIRUFHPHQWRIVWUXFWXUDOPHPEHUVH[FHHGVPPDQG
LWPD\EHDSSURSULDWHWRSURYLGHDVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQW7KHQHZ0RGHO&RGH>@PHQWLRQVVXFKD
UHLQIRUFHPHQWEXWGRHVQ
WVSHFLI\LWVW\SHFRYHUDQGWKHDUHDDPRXQW+RZHYHUVXFKDVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWLVDEOHWR
LQFUHDVHWKHEHQGLQJDQGHVSHFLDOO\VKHDUUHVLVWDQFHRIVWUXFWXUDOPHPEHUVVXEMHFWHGWREHQGLQJDQGVKHDU,QDGGLWLRQWRWKDW
WKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWUHGXFHVDQH[SDQVLRQDQGZLGWKRIFUDFNV
$FFRUGLQJWR(XURFRGH>@3DUWLQ$QQH[-±'HWDLOLQJUXOHVIRUSDUWLFXODUVLWXDWLRQV±WKHUHDUHVRPHVSHFLDOFDVHV
ZKHQVXFKDVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWVKRXOGEHXVHG,WLVQHFHVVDU\WRXVHWKLVUHLQIRUFHPHQWW\SHZKHQ
x GLDPHWHURIGHVLJQHGEDUVLVJUHDWHUWKDQPPRUHTXLYDOHQWGLDPHWHURIEXQGOHGEDUH[FHHGVWKLVOLPLW
x FRYHUWRUHLQIRUFHPHQWLVJUHDWHUWKDQPPIRUHQKDQFHGGXUDELOLW\
x FUDFNZLGWKVZLWKRXWXVLQJVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWH[FHHGDOORZHGOLPLW
x UHLQIRUFHG FRQFUHWH VWUXFWXUH LV VXEMHFW WR ILUH DQG WKHUH LV DULVN RI IDOOLQJ RII RI D FRQFUHWH LQ WKH ODWHU VWDJH RI D ILUH
H[SRVXUHDFFRUGLQJWR3DUWRI(XURFRGH>@
7KHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWVKRXOGFRQVLVWRIZLUHPHVKRUVPDOOGLDPHWHUEDUVDQGVKRXOGEHSODFHGRXWVLGHRIOLQNV
7KLVSDSHUDQDO\VHVGLIIHUHQWYDOXHVRIWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWFRYHUDQGWKHLQFUHDVHRIEHQGLQJDQGVKHDUUHVLVWDQFHGXH
WR VXUIDFH UHLQIRUFHPHQW RI 5& EHDPV ,W DOVR LQFOXGHV DQ H[SODQDWLRQ RI WKH HIIHFW RI WKH VXUIDFH UHLQIRUFHPHQW RQ
H[SDQVLRQDQGZLGWKRIFUDFNV
7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG
© 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.
6HOHFWLRQDQGSHHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI8QLYHUVLW\RI=LOLQD)DFXOW\RI&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ'HSDUWPHQWRI6WUXFWXUHV
Selection
DQG%ULGJHVand peer-review under responsibility of University of Zilina, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Structures
and
Bridges
7HOID[
PDULDEHOORYD#VWXEDVN
1877-7058 © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of University of Zilina, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Structures and Bridges
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2013.09.057
Mária Bellová / Procedia Engineering 65 (2013) 370 – 375 371
.H\ZRUGV VXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWVSDOOLQJRIWKHFRQFUHWHFRYHUUHLQIRUFHPHQWODUJHGLDPHWHURIEDUVILUHUHVLVWDQFH
,QWURGXFWLRQ
)LJXUH DFFRUGLQJ WR >@ GHPRQVWUDWHG WKH SRVLWLRQ DQG UHOHYDQW WHUPLQRORJ\ RI WKH VXUIDFH UHLQIRUFHPHQW
ZKLFKFRQVLVWVRIZLUHPHVKRUVPDOOGLDPHWHUEDUVSODFHGLQWZRGLUHFWLRQVSDUDOOHODQGRUWKRJRQDOWRWKHWHQVLRQ
UHLQIRUFHPHQWLQWKHEHDP7KHYDOXHVRI$VVXUIPLQZLOOEHODWHUGLIIHUHQWLDWHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHSXUSRVHRIWKHVXUIDFH
UHLQIRUFHPHQWXVH
7KH ORQJLWXGLQDO EDUV RI WKH VXUIDFH UHLQIRUFHPHQW PD\ EH WDNHQ LQWR DFFRXQW DV D FRQWULEXWLRQ WR WKH
ORQJLWXGLQDOEHQGLQJUHLQIRUFHPHQWDQGWKHWUDQVYHUVHEDUVDVDFRQWULEXWLRQWRSURYLGHGVKHDUUHLQIRUFHPHQW
7KHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWVKDOOKRZHYHUPHHWDOOWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUWKHDUUDQJHPHQWDQGDQFKRUDJHRIWKHVHW\SHV
RIUHLQIRUFHPHQW
1RPHQFODWXUH
$VVXUI FURVVVHFWLRQDODUHDRIWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQW
$VVXUIPLQ PLQLPDODUHDRIWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQW
$VVXUIPLQO PLQLPDODUHDRIWKHVXUIDFHORQJLWXGLQDOUHLQIRUFHPHQWSDUDOOHOWRWKHWHQVLRQUHLQIRUFHPHQW
$VVXUIPLQW PLQLPDODUHDRIWKHVXUIDFHWUDQVYHUVHUHLQIRUFHPHQWRUWKRJRQDOWRWKHWHQVLRQUHLQIRUFHPHQW
$FWH[W WKHDUHDRIWKHWHQVLOHFRQFUHWHH[WHUQDOWRWKHOLQNV
FQRP QRPLQDOFRQFUHWHFRYHU
VO VSDFLQJRIKRUL]RQWDOEDUVRIWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWSDUDOOHOWRWKHPDLQWHQVLRQUHLQIRUFHPHQW
VW VSDFLQJ RI YHUWLFDO EDUV RI WKH VXUIDFH UHLQIRUFHPHQW ZLWK D VKDSH RI D OHWWHU ³8³ RUWKRJRQDO
WRWKHPDLQUHLQIRUFHPHQW
IODUJH ODUJHGLDPHWHURIDUHLQIRUFLQJEDUUHFRPPHQGHGYDOXHYDOLGDOVRLQ6ORYDN5HSXEOLFLVDFFRUGLQJ
WR>@PP
[ $VVXUIt $FWH[W
$ FWH[W
G[d
PP
$VVXUI
[LVWKHGHSWKRIWKHQHXWUDOD[LVDW8/6
)LJ3RVLWLRQDQGUHTXLUHGFURVVVHFWLRQDODUHDRIWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQW
372 Mária Bellová / Procedia Engineering 65 (2013) 370 – 375
5HDVRQVIRUWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWXVLQJ>@
7KHUH DUH VRPH VSHFLDO FDVHV ZKHQ D VXUIDFH UHLQIRUFHPHQW VKRXOG EH XVHG %XW LW LV YHU\ LPSRUWDQW WKDW WKH
WUDQVYHUVHEDUVZLWKWKHVKDSHRIDOHWWHU³8´VKDOOEHSURSHUO\DQFKRUHGLQWRWKHFRPSUHVVLRQSDUWRIWKHUHLQIRUFHG
FRQFUHWHFURVVVHFWLRQ
6SDOOLQJRIWKHFRQFUHWH
x 7RDYRLGVSDOOLQJVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQW$VVXUIVKRXOGEHXVHGZKHUHWKHPDLQUHLQIRUFHPHQWLVPDGHXSRI
EDUVZLWKGLDPHWHUJUHDWHUWKDQPPRU
EXQGOHGEDUVZLWKHTXLYDOHQWGLDPHWHUJUHDWHUWKDQPP
x 7KH PLQLPDO DUHD RI WKH VXUIDFH UHLQIRUFHPHQW $VVXUIPLQ LQ HDFK GLUHFWLRQ SDUDOOHO $VVXUIPLQO DQG RUWKRJRQDO
$VVXUIPLQWWRWKHWHQVLRQPDLQUHLQIRUFHPHQWLQWKHEHDPLVUHFRPPHQGHGDVIROORZV
$VVXUIt$VVXUIPLQ$VVXUIPLQ $VVXUIPLQO $VVXUIPLQW $FWH[W
x &RYHUWRWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWFQRPPD\EHLQWKLVFDVHFRQVLGHUHGZLWKRXWDOORZDQFHLQGHVLJQIRU
GHYLDWLRQ ǻFGHY*UHDWHU YDOXHIRUFPLQ VDWLVI\LQJWKHUHTXLUHPHQWV IRUERWKERQGDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQGLWLRQV
VKDOOEHXVHGDVIROORZV
FQRP FPLQ FPLQ PD[^FPLQEFPLQGXU¨FGXUJJ¨FGXUVW¨FGXUDGGPP`
x ([DPSOH>@
$QDO\VLVRIWKHVLPSOHVXSSRUWHG5&EHDPZLWKEDUGLDPHWHURIPP
XQLIRUPO\GLVWULEXWHGORDGIG$%&
YDOXHRI$FWH[W$ĺP %ĺP &ĺP
7DEOH'HVLJQHGGLDPHWHUVșVXUIDQGVSDFLQJVODQGVW>PP@RIWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQW
$UHDRIWKHWHQVLOH 'LDPHWHUșVXUI>PP@RIWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQW 6SDFLQJVOVW>PP@
7KHOHYHO FRQFUHWHH[WHUQDO
RIWKHORDG VO
WRWKHOLQNV
$FWH[W>P@ VW
! VO
$ ! VW
VO
% VW
VO
& VW
,QWDEOHZHVKRZGHVLJQHGGLDPHWHUVșVXUIDQGVSDFLQJVOVW >PP@RIWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWIRUYDULRXVYDOXHV
RI WKH DUHD $FWH[W 0D[LPDO GLVWDQFHVVSDFLQJ RI WKH VXUIDFH UHLQIRUFHPHQW LQ ERWK GLUHFWLRQV SDUDOOHO VO DQG
RUWKRJRQDOVWWRWKHWHQVLRQUHLQIRUFHPHQWLQWKHEHDPPD\EHKRZHYHUPP
&RYHUWRUHLQIRUFHPHQWFQRP!PP
Mária Bellová / Procedia Engineering 65 (2013) 370 – 375 373
x :KHUHWKHFRYHUWRWKHUHLQIRUFHPHQWLVJUHDWHUWKDQPPVLPLODUVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWVKRXOGEHXVHGWR
HQKDQFHGXUDELOLW\'LDPHWHURIWKHPDLQWHQVLRQUHLQIRUFHPHQWLQWKLVFDVHLVQRWUHOHYDQW
x 0LQLPDODUHDRIWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQW$VVXUIPLQLQHDFKGLUHFWLRQSDUDOOHO$VVXUIPLQODQGRUWKRJRQDO$VVXUIPLQW
WRWKHWHQVLRQUHLQIRUFHPHQWLQWKHEHDPPD\EHREWDLQHGDVIROORZV
$VVXUIt$VVXUIPLQ$VVXUIPLQ $VVXUIPLQO $VVXUIPLQW $FWH[W
,WPHDQVWKDWLQWKLVFDVHWKHDUHDRIWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWLVHTXDOWRRQHKDOIRILWVSUHYLRXVYDOXH
x &RYHUWRWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWFQRPVKRXOGEHLQWKLVFDVHFRQVLGHUHGZLWKDOORZDQFHLQGHVLJQIRU
GHYLDWLRQ ǻFGHY EXW JUHDWHU YDOXH IRU FPLQ VKRXOG VDWLVI\ WKH UHTXLUHPHQWV RQO\ IRU ERQG DQG ILUH UHVLVWDQFH
ZLWKRXWFRQVLGHULQJHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQGLWLRQVFULWHULRQRIGXUDELOLW\
FQRP FPLQǻFGHYFPLQ PD[^FPLQEPP`
x (YHQLIWKHFULWHULDRIGXUDELOLW\IRUWKHFRYHUWRWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWZHUHXVHGLWVYDOXHZRXOGEHWKH
VDPHDVYDOXH FQRPIRUPDLQUHLQIRUFHPHQWWKXVPRUHWKDQPP %XWLQWKLVFDVHWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQW
ZRXOGQRWVDWLVI\LWVIXQFWLRQLHFUDFNZLGWKFRQWURODQGSUHYHQWLRQWRVSDOOLQJRIWKHFRQFUHWH
6LQFHLQWKLVFDVHFULWHULRQRIGXUDELOLW\LVQRWVDWLVILHGE\WKHFDOFXODWLRQRIWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWFRYHU
WKLVGRHVQRW VDWLVI\UHTXLUHPHQWV IRUGHWDLOLQJRIWKHUHLQIRUFHPHQWDQGLWVDUHDVKRXOGQRWFRQWULEXWHWRWKH
GHVLJQUHVLVWDQFHRI 5&EHDPVXEMHFWWREHQGLQJDQG VKHDU6XUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWDUHD$VVXUI LVLQWKLVFDVH
HTXDOWRRQHKDOIRIWKHYDOXHREWDLQHGLQVHFWLRQWKHHIIHFWRILWVXVHWRLQFUHDVHUHVLVWDQFHRI5&EHDPV
LVUHGXFHGWRRQHKDOI
&UDFNZLGWKVFRQWURO
x )RU EDUV ZLWK D GLDPHWHU ODUJHU WKDQ șODUJH FUDFN FRQWURO FDQ EH DFKLHYHG HLWKHU E\ XVLQJ VXUIDFH
UHLQIRUFHPHQWRUE\FDOFXODWLRQ7KHUHFRPPHQGHGYDOXHIRUșODUJHLVPP
x ,Q WKLV FDVH WKH DUHD RI WKH VXUIDFH UHLQIRUFHPHQW LV QRW HTXDO LQ ERWK GLUHFWLRQV ± SDUDOOHO DQG RUWKRJRQDO
WR WKH PDLQ WHQVLRQ UHLQIRUFHPHQW 7KH DUHD RI WKH VXUIDFH UHLQIRUFHPHQW LQ WKH GLUHFWLRQ SDUDOOHO
WRWKHODUJHGLDPHWHUEDUV$VVXUIPLQOVKRXOGVDWLVI\
$VVXUIPLQOt$FWH[W
DQGWKHDUHDRIWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWLQWKHGLUHFWLRQRUWKRJRQDOWRODUJHGLDPHWHUEDUV$VVXUIPLQW
VKRXOGVDWLVI\
$VVXUIPLQWt$FWH[W
x 7R LQFOXGH WKH DUHD RI WKH VXUIDFH UHLQIRUFHPHQW LQ WKH FRQVLGHUDWLRQ IRU LQFUHDVH RI WKH UHVLVWDQFH RI 5&
EHDPV VXEMHFW WR EHQGLQJ $ VVXUIPLQO DQG VKHDU $VVXUIPLQW WKH FRYHU WR WKH VXUIDFH UHLQIRUFHPHQW FQRP
KDVWRVDWLVI\DOOFULWHULD
x ,QWKLVFDVHWKHDUHDRIWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWSDUDOOHOWRWKHPDLQUHLQIRUFHPHQWLVWZLFHWKHYDOXHXVHGIRU
WKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWWRUHVLVWVSDOOLQJRIWKHFRQFUHWHItPP7KHPRVWFRQVLGHUDEOHFRQWULEXWLRQWR
WKH EHQGLQJ UHVLVWDQFH FRPHV IURP WKH DUHD $VVXUIPLQO 7KH FRQWULEXWLRQ RI YHUWLFDO EDUV RI WKH VXUIDFH
UHLQIRUFHPHQW ZLWK DVKDSH RI DOHWWHU Ä8³ WR WKH VKHDU UHVLVWDQFH LV WKH VDPH DV ZDV IRU WKH VXUIDFH
UHLQIRUFHPHQWXVHGWRDYRLGWKHVSDOOLQJ'LVWDQFHVEHWZHHQSDUDOOHOEDUVVOLQ7DEOHDUHUHGXFHGWRKDOIRIWKH
YDOXHQHYHUWKHOHVVGLVWDQFHVEHWZHHQYHUWLFDOEDUVVWUHPDLQWKHVDPH
374 Mária Bellová / Procedia Engineering 65 (2013) 370 – 375
)LUHSHUIRUPDQFH
x ,I WKH D[LV GLVWDQFH WR WKH UHLQIRUFHPHQW LV PP RU PRUH DQG WHVWV KDYH QRW EHHQ FDUULHG RXW WR VKRZ WKDW
IDOOLQJRIIGRHV QRWRFFXUWKHQWKH VXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQW VKRXOGEHSURYLGHG7KHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQW PHVK
VKRXOGKDYHDVSDFLQJQRWJUHDWHUWKDQPPDQGDGLDPHWHUQRWOHVVWKDQPP>@
x 6SHFLILFDUHDRIVXFKDVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWPHVKLQHDFKGLUHFWLRQSDUDOOHODQGDOVRRUWKRJRQDOWRWKH
PDLQUHLQIRUFHPHQWSHUPZLOOEHREWDLQHGDVIROORZV
$VVXUIILʌÂGî ÂÂÂ ÂPP
7KLV VXUIDFH UHLQIRUFHPHQW DUHD LV LQGHSHQGHQW RQ WKH DUHD RI WKH PDLQ UHLQIRUFHPHQW DQG DOVR RQ WKH WHQVLOH
FRQFUHWHDUHD
x ,QWKLVFDVHFRYHUWRWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWPHVKFQRPVKRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGZLWKDOORZDQFHLQGHVLJQIRU
GHYLDWLRQǻFGHY9DOXHFPLQVKRXOGVDWLVI\WKHUHTXLUHPHQWVRQO\IRUERQGDQGILUHUHVLVWDQFHZLWKRXWFRQVLGHULQJ
HQYLURQPHQWDOFRQGLWLRQVFULWHULRQRIGXUDELOLW\
FQRP FPLQǻFGHYFPLQ PD[^FPLQEPP`
,QIOXHQFH RI WKH VXUIDFH UHLQIRUFHPHQW E\ YHULILFDWLRQ RI EHQGLQJ DQG VKHDU GHVLJQ DQG E\ FRQWURO
RI6/6
:KHQWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWLVXVHGGXHWRUHVLVWVSDOOLQJLQWKHFDVHRI XVLQJWKH PDLQUHLQIRUFHPHQWEDUV
GLDPHWHURUHTXLYDOHQWEXQGOHGEDUVGLDPHWHUJUHDWHUWKDQPP±DQGWKHDUUDQJHPHQWDQFKRUDJHRIWKHVHVXUIDFH
UHLQIRUFHPHQW DQG WKH UHTXLUHPHQWV IRU LWV PLQLPXP FRYHU FPLQ DUH IXOILOOHG ZH VKRXOG ILQG RXW ZKDW LV WKH
LQIOXHQFH RI WKH VXUIDFH UHLQIRUFHPHQW ZKHQ WKH ORQJLWXGLQDO SDUDOOHO EDUV DV EHQGLQJ UHLQIRUFHPHQW DQG WKH
WUDQVYHUVHRUWKRJRQDOEDUVDVVKHDUUHLQIRUFHPHQWDUHWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQW>@
7DEOH8OWLPDWHFKDUDFWHULVWLFXQLIRUPO\GLVWULEXWHGORDGDVVXPLQJHTXDOLW\LQWKHUHOLDELOLW\FRQGLWLRQV±>N1P@UHFWDQJXODUFURVVVHFWLRQ
0(G 05G 9(G 95G \TS \OLP ıF ıFOLP ZN ZOLP
ZLWKRXWWKHVXUIDFH
UHLQIRUFHPHQW
ZLWKWKHVXUIDFH
UHLQIRUFHPHQW
LQFUHDVH>@
7DEOH VKRZV WKH UHVXOWV RI WKH DQDO\VLV IRU VLPSOH VXSSRUWHG UHLQIRUFHG FRQFUHWH EHDP ZLWK UHFWDQJXODU FURVV
VHFWLRQH[SUHVVHGE\XOWLPDWHFKDUDFWHULVWLFXQLIRUPO\GLVWULEXWHGORDG>N1P@DVVXPLQJHTXDOLW\LQWKHUHOLDELOLW\
FRQGLWLRQV)URPWKHWDEOHIROORZVWKDWWKHPRVWVLJQLILFDQWLQIOXHQFHRIWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWLVRQWKHVKHDU
VWUHVV 8VLQJ RI WKH VXUIDFH UHLQIRUFHPHQW UHGXFHV WKH DUHD RI SURYLGHG OLQNV LQ WKH FDVH RI WKH UHFWDQJXODU FURVV
VHFWLRQE\DERXWDQGIRUWKH7FURVVVHFWLRQDOPRVW,QIOXHQFHRIWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWRQWKHUHVW
RIDQDO\VHGTXDQWLWLHVLVQHJOLJLEOH
&RQFOXVLRQV
(XURFRGH(1>@LQFOXGHVLQ$QQH[-GHILQLWLRQRIWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWZKLFKLVQHFHVVDU\WR
GHVLJQDQGSURYLGHLQVRPHSDUWLFXODUVLWXDWLRQVLQ5&EHDPV6XFKUHLQIRUFHPHQWPD\VRPHWLPHVLQFUHDVHLQWKH
UHVLVWDQFHIRU5&EHDPVVXEMHFWWREHQGLQJDQGVKHDU
Mária Bellová / Procedia Engineering 65 (2013) 370 – 375 375
:HSUHVHQWHGDQDUUDQJHPHQWRIWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWDQGDQDO\VHGWKHLQIOXHQFHRIWKHORQJLWXGLQDOEDUVRIWKH
VXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQWXVHGDVDORQJLWXGLQDOEHQGLQJUHLQIRUFHPHQWDQGWKHLQIOXHQFHRIWKHWUDQVYHUVHEDUVDVVKHDU
UHLQIRUFHPHQWGHVLJQHGWKH\PHWWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUWKHPLQLPXPFRYHUFPLQDQGWKHDUUDQJHPHQWDQGDQFKRUDJH
RIWKHVHW\SHVRIUHLQIRUFHPHQW
7DEOH LQFOXGHV UHVXOWV RI WKH DQDO\VLV RI D VLPSOH VXSSRUWHG UHLQIRUFHG FRQFUHWH EHDP ZLWK UHFWDQJXODU FURVV
VHFWLRQH[SUHVVHGE\XOWLPDWHFKDUDFWHULVWLFXQLIRUPO\GLVWULEXWHGORDG>N1P@DVVXPLQJHTXDOLW\LQWKHUHOLDELOLW\
FRQGLWLRQV 7KH VXPPDU\ RI WKH PLQLPDO UHTXLUHG DUHDV RI WKH VXUIDFH UHLQIRUFHPHQW LQ YDULRXV FDVHV RI LWV XVH
VKRZV7DEOH
7DEOH7KHVXPPDU\RIWKHPLQLPDOUHTXLUHGDUHDVRIWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQW
5HDVRQVIRUXVLQJWKHVXUIDFHUHLQIRUFHPHQW
$UHDRIWKH
PLQLPDOVXUIDFH
&RYHUWRWKH
UHLQIRUFHPHQW 6SDOOLQJ &UDFNZLGWKV
UHLIRUFHPHQW )LUHSHUIRUPDQFH
RIWKHFRQFUHWH FRQWURO
FQRP!PP
ORQJLWXGLQDO
$FWH[W $FWH[W $FWH[W PP
$VVXUIPLQO
WUDQVYHUVH
$VVXUIPLQW $FWH[W $FWH[W $FWH[W PP
$FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV
7KLVSDSHUZDVSDUWLDOO\VXSSRUWHGE\JUDQW9(*$
5HIHUHQFHV
>@ ILE%XOOHWLQ0RGHO&RGH9ROXPH0DUFKSS
>@ ILE%XOOHWLQ0RGHO&RGH9ROXPH$SULOSS
>@ (1(XURFRGH'HVLJQRI&RQFUHWH6WUXFWXUHV±3DUW*HQHUDOUXOHVDQGUXOHVIRUEXLOGLQJV±%UXVVHOV&(1SS
>@ 671 (1 1$ (XURFRGH 'HVLJQ RI &RQFUHWH 6WUXFWXUHV 3DUW *HQHUDO UXOHV DQG UXOHV IRU EXLOGLQJV 1DWLRQDO $QQH[
%UDWLVODYD6Ò71
>@ 671(1(XURFRGH'HVLJQRI&RQFUHWH6WUXFWXUHV3DUW6WUXFWXUDOILUHGHVLJQ%UDWLVODYD6Ò71
>@ 671(11$(XURFRGH'HVLJQRI&RQFUHWH6WUXFWXUHV3DUW6WUXFWXUDOILUHGHVLJQ1DWLRQDO$QQH[%UDWLVODYD6Ò71
>@ 0%HOORYi'HWDLOLQJRIPHPEHUVE\QHZPRGHOFRGH,Q&RQFUHWHHQJLQHHULQJIRUH[FHOOHQFHDQGHIILFLHQF\ILE6\PSRVLXP35$*8(
&]HFK5HSXEOLF9ROXPHS