Management is a science and art, regulates the process of utilizing human resources and

other resources effectively and efficiently to achieve a certain goal. Many definitions are
formulated, all of these definitions refer to one meaning, namely management is an art or a
process of planning, organizing. Movement and control over resources owned to achieve the
goals set.
Retail is all activities of selling goods and services directly to end consumers for personal
and house hold use, not for business purposes. If the manufacturer's institution, retail store sells
something to the end consumer for non business use, then they have do retail sales.
In this decade, the development of the retail business is very rapid. This can be seen from
the number of retail businesses that have sprung up to attract consumers with the hope of
leading the market, so competition in the retail world will be tighter.
There are four main functions of retailing:
1. Buy and store goods.
2. Transfer the ownership of the goods to the final consumer.
3. Provide information about the nature and use of the goods.
4. Give credit to consumers (in certain cases).
The Retail Business in Indonesia can be broadly classified into two namely, modern retail
and traditional retail. Modern retail is the development of traditional retail which in practice
applies modern concepts, uses technology, and accommodates lifestyle developments in the
community (consumers).
Fierce competition in the retail industry has hit developed countries since the last century,
especially in the United States and Western Europe. Competition occurs mainly between
traditional retail businesses and modern retail (supermarkets and hypermarkets). However,
towards the end of the last decade of the competition competition has spread to developing
countries, where the deregulation of the retail business sector aimed at increasing foreign direct
investment (IAL) has had an impact on the development of supermarket chains (Reardon &
Hopkins 2006). Reardon et al (2003) found that since 2003 the supermarket market share in the
food retail business sector in many developing countries such as South Korea, Thailand, Taiwan,
Mexico, Poland, and Hungary has reached 50%. In Brazil and Argentina, where supermarket
development had already begun, its market share reached around 60%. Traill (2006) uses various
assumptions and predicts that by 2015, supermarket market share will reach 61% in Argentina,
Mexico, and Poland; 67% in Hungary; and 76% in Brazil.
The history of modern retail in Indonesian local supermarkets has existed since it began in
the 1960s. At that time the first Department Store, Sarinah, was located in the center of Jakarta.
In the next 15 years, retail business in Indonesia can be said to not develop fast enough or
develop at a very low level. This is due to the economic policies of Mr. Soeharto in the early
days of the New Order government which built more investments in the exploitation of natural
products (mining & tobacco), compared to the retail sector of goods and services.
The early 1990s became the starting point for the development of retail business in Indonesia.
Marked by the start of operation of one of the major retail companies from Japan, "SOGO".
Furthermore, with the issuance of Presidential Decree No. 99/1998, which removes the
prohibition of foreign investors from entering the retail business in Indonesia, its development
has become increasingly rapid.
And this retail business is very influential in regional economic growth and even the
national economy. Because the income generated is very large. Even reaching> 10% of national
income generated by retail businesses spread across cities in Indonesia.
In this condition the most important thing in retail management is Human Resources. In
managing human resources, it requires stages that must be carried out:

a. Recruitment
The starting gate is decisive. Example on MaxiMart: Recruitment starts from determining
the various HR criteria needed, then publishes it on the official website of Maximart, and also in
print, in order to get the right and reliable prospective employees.
b. Orientation
Each organization has a different culture, atmosphere, working principles and values. At
this stage it is introduced about the company, the company's position, company personnel, do's
and don'ts, detailed work and workflows.
Example at MaxiMart: Orientation is done at the beginning of training so that prospective
trainees understand the work principles and values that exist in the company.
c. Training
Training is needed to improve the skills and knowledge of employees so that performance
improvements can occur.
There are 2 (two) types of training:
     1. Technical skills training
          Skills given to appear to do a job. Such as computer skills in the use of cash registers at
cashiers, and others.
     2. Interpersonal training
Skills training dealing with fellow employees, superiors, subordinates, corporate partners or
customers.
Example at MaxiMart: Training at MaxiMart has several differences depending on the type
of work field. But in general, the training was conducted for three full months at the work site.
d. Placement.
The stage where employees who have been deemed worthy of admission will be placed in
work according to the division required.
Example at MaxiMart: After an HR candidate is able to pass the training period well, then he
will be selected and placed in accordance with the field of work he will enter. For new Maximart
employees, they will immediately be contracted for the next three months.
e. Empowerment
Delegate work to subordinates with supervision
Example at MaxiMart: Employees who have passed the training period (eg cashiers) will usually
remain mentored by their seniors / supervisors for a week. After he is considered to be quite
proficient and skilled in carrying out his duties, the intensity of his guidance will be reduced, but
it cannot be separated from senior supervision / supervisor.
f. Continuous Improvement
Every day must be better than yesterday. Example at MaxiMart: Twice a month, a unity of
teams from the center comes to control all functional HR activities that exist at MaxiMart. This
control aims to monitor and maintain the stability of HR performance so that it continually gets
better. If an error is found / HR performance is not in accordance with work standards, then
unity. the central team will report to the SM which will be followed up by the SM itself, because
that is the SM's authority over the employee.
 The organizational structure in managing and managing this retail business must be able to
identify the activities carried out by employees and determine the lines of authority and
responsibility within the company. The organizational structure begins by first determining all
existing tasks, after being identified, grouped in the form of work fields and the reciprocal
relationships are also determined. The retail organizational structure does not always have to be
standard for every retail company, the organizational structure can differ between retailers
tailored to their individual needs.
The various organizational structure options are as follows:
1. Functional organizational structure
This organizational structure is arranged based on the functions carried out by each department.
2. Organizational structure based on products
The organizational structure is arranged based on goods sold in retail.
3. Organizational structure based on geography
This organizational structure is an organizational structure arranged according to the
geographical area served by retail.
4. Combined organizational structure
Organizational structure arranged in the form of a combination of functional, geographical and
merchandise sold.
To maintain its competitive advantage, retailers will operate with a leaner and more
efficient form of organization. In the future retailers will operate with lower gross margins,
smaller operating costs, less inventory with faster goods turnover.
Future consumer trends are Pay Less, Expect More, Get More. Future consumers are
consumers who have higher expectations, ask for more, want higher and consistent quality, more
choices, more convenient stores and more valuable services, but by paying cheaper, faster time,
with effort and lower risk. It can be expected, the next competition, not only in price, but it
involves other variables related to the value of the customer's shopping experience.
In this new millennium several trends that have and will occur in Indonesia and have an impact
on the retail industry.
The influx of foreign retailers.
- Evolution to the New Retail Format
- Increasing families with double income (husband and wife working).
- Growth of satellite cities around big cities.
- Higher mobility and less free time.
The evolution of the development of retail formats in Indonesia can be divided into several
stages:
1. Before the 1960s: The era of the development of traditional retailers in the form of
retailers or independent traders.
2. 1960s: The era of the introduction of modern retail with the format of Department Store
(Mass Merchandiser), marked by the opening of the first retail store SARINAH on Jl. MH
Thamrin.
3. Year 1970-1980: The era of modern retail development with the format of Supermarkets
and Department Stores, marked by the development of modern retailers (Mass Merchandiser and
Grocery) such as Matahari, Hero, Golden Truly, Pasar Raya and Ramayana. During this time
also developed the format of Drug Store, better known as a pharmacy.
4. 1990s: Era of development of Convenience Store (C-Store), High Class Department
Store, Branded Boutique (High Fashion) and Cash and Carry. The development of C-stores is
marked by the rampant growth of Indomaret and AMPM. The development of High Class
department stores and High Fashion Outlets, marked by the entry of SOGO, Metro, Seibu,
Yaohan, Mark & Spencer and various other high fashion outlets. The development of the Cash
and Carry format was marked by the establishment of Macro, followed by local retailers with
similar formats such as GORO, Indogrosir and Alfa.
5. Year 2000 - 2010: The era of the development of Hypermarkets, Factory Outlets,
Category Killers and introduction to e-retailing. The Hypermarket era was marked by the
establishment of the Continuous Hypermarket and Carrefour Paserba in 1998. In 2002 there will
be a GIANT Hypermarket, and several other hypermarkets outlets. The need for good / branded
goods at low prices due to the prolonged economic crisis pushed the development of Category
Killer and Factory Oulet.
Based on the description above, here are some things that I can conclude that:
-Retail Business is a business that has begun to penetrate into all fields and regions. Amid the
rapid development of the retail business, there are implications for the need for a large and
reliable Human Resources.
 
 Human Resources in the retail business should be regulated and managed to pay more
attention to the completeness of the products to be marketed. Services to customers also need to
be improved, so that customers feel comfortable shopping and henceforth choose to continue
shopping at IndoMaret (the creation of customer loyalty).