CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
A. BACKGROUND
A man talks on his mobile phone while standing near a conventional telephone box,
which stands empty. Enabling technology for mobile phones was first developed in the 1940s
but it was not until the mid 1980s that they became widely available. By 2011, it was
estimated in the United Kingdom that more calls were made using mobile phones than wired
devices.
The history of mobile phone covers mobile communication devices that connect
wirelessly to the public switched telephone network.
While the transmission of speech by radio has a long history, the first devices that
wireless, mobile, and also capable of connecting to the standart telephone network are much
more recent. The first such devices were barely portable compared to today’s compact hand-
held devices, and their use was clumsy.
Along with the process of developing a more portable technology, and a better
interconnections system, drastic changes have taken place in both the networking of wireless
communication and the prevalence of its use, with smartphones becoming common globally
and a growing proportion of internet access now done via mobile broadband.

B. FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM

Of these problems can derive the subject matter from of mobile phone, that is:
1. What is the definition of mobile phone?
2. What is the function of mobile phone?
3. What is the damage of mobile phone?

C. THE PURPOSE OF THE PROBLEM

The purpose of problem we can know about the mobile phone both from it’s function
and it’s damage to the user of mobile phone.

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. Definition of Mobile Phone
A mobile phone, known as a cell phone in North America, is portable telephone that can
make and receive calls over a radio frequency link while the user is moving whitin a
thelephone service area. The radio frequency link establishes a connection to the switching
systems of a mobile phone operator, which provides access to the public switched telephone
network (PSTN). Modern mobile telephone service use a cellular network architecture and
therefore. Mobile telephones are called cellular telephones or cell phone, in North America.
In addition to telephony, 2000s-era mobile phone support a variety of other services, such as
text messaging, MMS, email, intenet access, short-range wireless communications (infared,
bluetooth), business applications, vidio games, and digital photography. Mobile phone
offering only those capabilities are known as feature phone, mobile phone which offer greatly
advanced computing capabilities are referred to smartphone.
The first handheld mobile phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell and Martin
Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing c. 2 kilograms (4.4 lbs). In 1979,
Nippon Telegraph ang Telephone (NTT) launchhed the world’s first cellular network in
Japan. In 1983, the Dyna TAC 8000x was the first commercially available handheld mobile
phone. From 1983 to 2014, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew to over seven billion,
penetrating virtually 100% of the global population and reaching even the bottom of the
economic pyramid. In first quarter of 2016, the top smartphone developers worldwide were
Samsung, Apple, and Huawei (and”smartphone sales represented 78 percent of total mobile
phone sales”). For feature phones (or “dumbphones”) as of 2016, the largest were Samsung,
Nokia, and Alcatel.
1. Types
Active mobile broadband subscription per 100 inhabitants. Smartphone have a
number of distinguishing features. The international Telecommunication Union
measures those with internet connection, which it calls active mobile broadband
subscriptions (which includes tablets, etc.). In the developed world, smartphones
have now overtaken the usage of earlier mobile systems. However, in the developing
world, they account for arround 50% of mobile telephony.
2. Feature phone
Feature phone is a term typically used as a retronym to describe mobile phone
which are limited in capabilities in contrast to a modern smartphone. Feature phones

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 typically provide voice calling and text messaging functionality, in additional
functions over and above a basic mobile phone which is only cabale of voice callig
and text messaging. Feature phones and basic mobile phones tend to use a
proprietary, custom-designed software and user interface. By contrast, smartphones
generally use a mobile operating system that often shares common traits across
devices.
3. Koshor phone
There are Orthodox Jewish religious restrictions wich, by some interpretations,
standart mobile telephones overstep. To deal with this problem, some rabbinical
organizations have recommended that phones with text messaging capability not be
used by children. Phone with restricted features are known as kosher phones and
have rabbinical approval for use in Israel and else where by observant Orthodox
Jews. Although these phones are intended to prevent immodesty, some vendors
report good sales to adults who prefer the simplicity of the devices. Some phone are
approved for use by essential workers (such as health, security, and public service
workers) on the sabbath, even though the use oh any electrical device is generally
prohibited during this time.
4. Hardware
The common components found on all phone are:
a. A battery, providing the power source for the phone functions.
b. An input mechanism to allow the user to interact with the phone. These are a
keypad for feature phones and touch screens for most smartphones.
c. A screen which echoes the user’s typing, and displays text messages, contacts,
and more.
d. Basic mobile phone services to allow users to make calls and send text messages.
e. All GSM phone use a SIM card to allow an account to be swapped among
devices. Some CDMA devices also have a similar card callad R-UIM.
f. Individual GSM, WCDMA, iDEN and some satellite phone devices are uniquely
identified by an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number.

Low end mobile phone are often referred to as feature phones and offer basic
telephony. Hansets with more advanced computing ability through the use of native
software applications are known as smartphone.

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 5. Sound
In sound, smartphones and feature phone vary little. Some audio-quality enhancing
features, such us Voice over LTE and HD Voice, have appeared and are often
available on newer smartphones. Sound quality can remain a problem due to the
design of the phone, quality of the cellular net work and compression algorithms used
in long distance calls. Audio quality can be improved using a VoIP application over
WIFI. Cellphones have small speakers so that the user can use a speakersphone
feature and talk to a person on the phone without holding it to their ear. The small
speakers can also be used to listen to digital audio files of music or speech or watch
videos with an audio component, without holding the phone close to the ear.
6. SIM card
GSM feature phones require a small microchip called a subscriber identity
module or SIM card, in order to fuction. The SIM card is approximately the size of a
small postage stamp and is usually placed underneath the battery in the rear of the
unit. The SIM securely stores the service subcribier key (IMSI) and K i used to
identify and authenticate the user of the mobile phone. The SIM card allows users to
change phones by simply removing the SIM card from one mobile phone and
inserting it into another mobile phone or broadband telephony device, proveded that
this is not prevented by a SIM lock. The first SIM card wasmade in 1991 by Munich
smart card maker Giesecke and Devrient for the Finnish wireless network operator
Radiolinja.
A hybrid mobile phone can hold up to four SIM cards, with a phone having an
IMEI per SIM card. SIM and R-UIM cards may be mixed together to allow both
GSM and CDMA networks to be accessed. From 2010 onwards, such phones became
popular in emerging markets, and this was attributed to the desire to obtain the lowest
on-net calling rate.

B. Function of Mobile Phone

Now the mobile phone manufacturers are competing to develop exiting technology in
order to products that will distribute in the marketing world. Through innovation they can
promote the usefulness of mobile phones in everyday life. Here are some functions of the
mobile phone:

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 1. As a communication tool
In general the mobile phone is useful for making and receiving phone calls.
Besised the mobile phone also has the function of sending n receiving short
messages. There are also mobile phone servive providers in some countries that
provide thrid generation services (3G) by adding vidio phone services as a means of
payment, as well as for online television on their mobile phone.
2. As an entertainment
Following the development of digital technology, now mobile phones are also
equipped with a variety of features, such as able to capture radio and television
broadcasts, radio player software (MP3) and video, digital cameras, fan games. In
addition to these features, the phone is now embedded computer features. So in the
mobile phone people can change the function of the phone into a mini computer.

C. Damage of Mobile Phone

1. Positives of cell phones
a. Communication
The very first positive point of mobile phones is communication. With mobile
phones you can communicate with anyone from anywhere at any time. Now days,
the smartphones which are coming are small in size and light in weight which
makes it very easy to carry them. You don’t need to sit beside the receiver as your
mobile phone is not attached with anything.
b. More Convenience
Mobile phones are undeniably convenient. Because of mobile phones, students
never have to look for a pay phone or wonder about the location of a friend. These
ubiquitous communication tools allow students to reach their peers and their
parents instantly. Everything from ordering a pizza to calling to check movie
times is easier with a cell phone, as the communication device you need is right at
your finger tips.
c. Greater Technology Availability
Picture taking and Internet surfing are readily available on most cell phones.
This aids students in gathering the information that they need for school or
accessing their email or school website. Students benefit from this technology
availability as it allows them to create more polished academic products with less
effort than before the ready availability of cell phones.

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d. Entertainment
Mobile phones have become a source of unlimited entertainment. The things
which we never thought would be present in a mobile phone are now possible.
Smartphones have come into existence which not only help you in making calls
but also help you to stay entertained by allowing you to play games, listen to
music and do lots of other stuff. Mobile phone even comes with special apps for
kids to increase their brainstorming which is pretty good.
e. Improved Personal Security
Many parents argue that cell phones keep students safe. A parent is never more
than a phone call away when a students is carrying their cell phone. The presence
of a cell phone also ensures that students can call parents or emergency personnel
in the case of an unforeseen emergency. While most students will never have to
use their cellphone as a safety device, the knowledge that it could be used as such
puts parents at ease and keeps them paying the monthly cell phone bill.
f. More Distraction
The biggest lament of teachers in regards to cell phones is that they lead to
student distraction and off task behavior. Texting a friend is a tempting diversion
that many students select over listening to a lecture or completing a class
assignment. If not silenced, cell phones can ring during class, drawing everyone's
attention away from the lesson and disrupting the flow of learning. Many teachers
worry that this added distraction negatively impacts students' school performance
as it stops them from dedicating their full attention to their studies. While useful,
many of the features of cell phones can also be used to engage in inappropriate
behaviors. Taking inappropriate pictures and then “sexting” them to a boyfriend or
girlfriend is a growing problem. These pictures often end up in the wrong hands,
which leads to others gaining access to the private photos. Teens often fail to
recognize the long-term implications of inappropriate behavior and engage in the
behavior without considering the consequences. The consequences for
inappropriate behavior are real and long-lasting. Once distributed, sexted photos
are almost impossible to contain. The presence of these racy photos can limit the
teens options in the future and severely mar their reputations.
g. Beneficial in studies
If you are using a Smartphone, you can take advantage of it in your studies or
your business. The smartphones which come with Android, Apple iOS and

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 Windows Phone operating system come with educational apps which can be used
while you are in college. If you are into business you can install applications like
Skype which will help you in communicating with your clients on the go.
2. Negative impact of cell phones
a. Bad impact on studies
It is true that mobile phones can help students in studies but only if they use
them wisely. Most of the students become additive to mobile phones and are
found playing games, chatting with their friends and watching movies and other
stuff. If students are busy keeping their eyes on their mobile phones at all times
they won’t get time for studying which would lead to poor grades.
b. Heath issues and accidents
Mobile phones lead to a lot of accidents. A lot of people do their daily work,
drive while taking on mobile phones. There is high risk of accident if you are
talking on the mobile phone and driving as you are giving your half attention to
the mobile call and are having half attention on the road. Research studies have
also claimed that mobile phones have a negative impact on health of an
individual. If you are using mobile phone for long hours daily it might lead to
serious health issues.

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 CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A. Conclusion
The mobile phone is one of the technological developments. With the current
technological sophistication, mobile phone functions not only as a communication tool, but
people can access the internet, SMS, take pictures and also send each other data. The impact
that can be generated from mobile phones may not be realized at all. In addition to facilitate
the communication as a positive impact that people get, there are also negative impacts that
humans get as a result of using this mobile phone.
The mobile phone at this time not only used among adult only. Now the childern are also
many sedah who have mobile phones with sophistication that is not inferior to the addult
mobile phone. So the impact occurs not only in adults but also in children.

B. Suggestion
Mobile phone technology does have a complete and sophisticated features but has many
negative impacts when users continue to be done even if the technology is more advenced,
eating will be the greater the negative impact.
For example in children other than mobile phone function as a means of communication,
cildren are considered “bandwagon” to the trend only. Many things to note from this
phenomenon. For example, if viewed from a social perspective, the gap will be very visible
between children who come from financially capable families and who are not in a
comminity in their schools. Indirect mobile phone users are also judged to affect the social
environment of children.
Mobil phone ownership by children is related to the development of psychology
especially in developing the ability of social interaction and communication as well as the
desire to be accepted in the association (popularity). Creativity, ego, and environmental
conditions (whether friends have mobile phone?) can phichologically trigger a child to own a
mobile phone. Therefore we should use mobile phone technology at age, yime, and certain
conditions to be more able to feel the benefits and functions of mobile phone.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://en.m.wikipedia.org
http://www.techopedia.com