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ELIPTIC Brussels VUB Hegazy PDF
ELIPTIC Brussels VUB Hegazy PDF
Charging Strategy
Standard Bus:12m
To improve Air Quality by
reducing emissions
To reduce the noise of buses in
cities
To get more energy efficient
technology
Articulated Bus:18m
Outline
Summary
Outline
• Road Characteristics
• Battery Chemistry
• Battery Aging
• Charging scenarios: Overnight or Opportunity
• Charging power
• Charging time
• Auxiliaries loads; incl. Air condition, etc.
• Bus schedule
• Bus autonomy and capacity
Bus Lines and Use-case Definition
Bus Line 86: Feeder bus Bus Line 48: Trunk Line
12m Standard Bus 18m Articulated Bus
Overnight Charging Opportunity Charging
12hr Autonomy
Summary
Outline
DC/DC Motor
Battery Converter Drive M D Backward approach
Calculation Direction
Calculation Direction
E-Bus: Architectures
(1) High Voltage Battery
• High Voltage Battery 600-750V
EVSE
UNIT
- + Electric Flow
Mechanical Flow
HV Battery Pack
Control Signal
700 V
DC/AC Transmission
Inverter
EM
DC/DC
Auxiliary
Converter
Loads
EVSE
UNIT
Electric Flow
- +
Mechanical Flow
LV Battery Pack
Control Signal
700 V
DC/DC DC/AC Transmission
Converter Inverter
EM
DC/DC
Converter Auxiliary
Loads
Use-case Specifications
All battery models are validated via real measurements (MOBI database) incl.
battery aging @ different temperatures & current rates
Outline
200
204
180 185
150
100
50
0
LTO 60Ah NMC 20Ah LFP 45Ah
LTO 60Ah NMC 20Ah LFP 45Ah
Impact of Auxiliaries Energy
Consumption 12hr Bus Operation
30 26.88
25 21.5
20
15
10
5
0
3 4 5 6 7
Auxiliaries POWER (kW)
20
Consumption (%)
15
10
0
3 4 5 6 7
Average Auxiliaries power (kW)
Charging Scenarios & Battery Sizing
Electrified Bus Line 17
Back-Forth Driving Cycle
Wheel Power (kW)
Battery Power (kW)
Auxiliaries power ( average) 3kW (assumption)
NMC (20Ah)/700V
Overnight Charging: L17 Battery Sizing
Total energy = 265 kWh & travelling distance 211 km
12hr Bus Operation
Overnight Charging 60kW
Charging time 4.5hr
Travelling distance (Back-forth)= 13.93 km ~1.3 kWh/km
Outline
3000.00
WTT
Energy Consumption
WTW energy consumption [MJ/100km]
2500.00 TTW
TTW WTT
2000.00
Diesel 2151.55 582.98
Elec (BE mix) 629.10 1207.87
1500.00
500.00 Overnight
Aver. kg CO2eq
Charging (E)
0.00 33.12/One-time
180 kWh
Diesel Elec (BE mix) Charging
Omar Hegazy
Omar.hegazy@vub.ac.be
+3226292992
Thierry Cooesmans
Thierry.Coosemans@vub.ac.be
+3226293767