ACTIVITY 3

1. Identify the three categories of software and their functions.

 System Software: System software or operating system is the software used by
the computer to translate inputs from various sources into a language which a
machine can understand. Basically, the OS coordinates the different hardware
components of a computer. 
 Application software: A normal user rarely gets to see the operating system or to
work with it. But all of us are familiar with application software which we must
use to interact with a computer. Popular examples of application software are the
Microsoft office suite which includes Word, Excel and PowerPoint.
 Programming languages: Now this is a kind of computer software which is used
exclusively by computer programmers. A simple way to understand programming
languages is to think of them as bricks which can be used to create applications
and operating system. C++, Java and Simlab are some popular programming
languages.
2. Describe four important analytic themes in Information Science.
 Grounded theory: is a systematic methodology in the social sciences involving
the construction of theories through methodical gathering and analysis of
data. This research methodology uses inductive reasoning, in contrast to
the hypothetico-deductive model of the scientific method.

 Discourse analysis or discourse studies: is an approach to the analysis of

written, vocal, or sign language use, or any significant semiotic event. The objects
of discourse analysis (discourse, writing, conversation, communicative event) are
variously defined in terms of coherent sequences
of sentences, propositions, speech, or turns-at-talk
 Narrative inquiry or narrative analysis: Narrative inquiry uses field texts, such
as stories, autobiography, journals, field notes, letters, conversations, interviews,
family stories, photos (and other artifacts), and life experience, as the units of
analysis to research and understand the way people create meaning in their lives
as narratives.
 Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is an approach to
psychological qualitative research with an idiographic focus, which means that it
aims to offer insights into how a given person, in a given context, makes sense of
a given phenomenon.
3. Explain five types of programming languages and their general capabilities.
 Java: Java is one of the most popular programming languages in use, so it’s no
surprise it came in as the No. 1 skill tech companies were looking for. According
to Oracle, 3 billion mobile phones run Java, along with 125 million TV devices
and 89% of desktop computers in the U.S. Java is everywhere and the demand for
strong developers is high.
  SQL: Pronounced “sequel,” SQL stands for Structured Query Language, and it is
a special-purpose programming language used for getting information from and
updating databases. Since nearly all businesses run a database system of some
kind, SQL is a good skill to have on your resume. It’s also one of the easier tech
skills to learn, with numerous tutorials and free resources online
 Javascript: Javascript is a scripting language, often used to make web pages
interactive. It’s text-based, written in an HTML document and run through a web
browser.
 C++: C++ is a general purpose programming language that can be used to create
small programs or large applications.
 Python: Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language with an
emphasis on code readability. It’s one of the easier programming languages to
learn, with its use of common words and expressions, more white space and fewer
curly brackets. 
4. Discuss PDA applications that can be used as part of physical assessment.

- In their quest to gain collaboration among various otherwise siloed functions within
an organization, safety, claims, human resources, legal, health and benefits,
operations and risk management professionals may have a silver bullet in physical
demands assessments (PDAs). By their design, well-constructed PDAs can have

positive and measurable impact on the continuum from hiring practices through the
return-to-work process and between overlapping activities. More importantly, PDAs
can be used within an organization to support multiple objectives and activities, such
as:

• Candidate hiring inquiries on essential functions

• Post-offer employment testing (POET)
• New employee and recurrent employee training
• Temporary transitional duty task identification
• Permanent restrictions and the Americans with Disability Act Amendment Act
(ADAAA)interactive process
• Disability and wellness management initiatives
• Work hardening – physical and occupational therapy
• Post-incident injury analysis
• Risk-reduction strategies
• Job and task rotation
Ultimately, utilizing PDAs across the injury and safety management spectrum can
improve outcomes and support initiatives that help reduce the total cost of risk (TCoR).

5. Explain the differences among LANs, WANs, and MANs.

 BASIS OF
LAN MAN WAN
COMPARISON

Expands to Local Area Network Metropolitan Area Wide Area Network

Network

Meaning A network that connects a It covers relatively It spans large locality

group of computers in a large region such as and connects countries

small geographical area. cities, towns. together. Example

Internet.

Ownership of Network Private Private or Public Private or Public

Design and maintenance Easy Difficult Difficult

Propagation Delay Short Moderate Long

Speed High Moderate Low

Fault Tolerance More Tolerant Less Tolerant Less Tolerant

Congestion Less More More

Used for College, School, Small towns, City. Country/Continent.

Hospital.