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Pam-AsØ Ckvemanbpw
kp∂n hna¿i-Icpw
(]cn-jvI-cn® ]Xn-∏v)
C.-F≥. C_vdmlow
Ckvem-anIv ]ªn-jnwKv lukv

tImgn-t°mSv, Fd-Wm-Ip-fw, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw, Xriq¿
aq∂mw ]Xn-∏n-s\-°p-dn®v
Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bp-ambn _‘-ap≈ t\cpw \pWbpw a\-n-em-°m≥ ]WvUn-
X≥am¿°pw ]ma-c≥am¿°pw klm-bI - a- m-hp-sa∂ {]Xo-£b - n-emWv Cu ]pkvXIw Rm≥
Fgp-Xn-bX - v. "Pam-AsØ Ckveman kp∂n hna¿i-\ß - ƒ°v adp-]Sn' F∂ t]cn¬ ]pd-
Øn-dß - nb H∂pw c- ≠pw ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ°v \√ kzoIm-cy-Xb - mWv hmb-\° - m-cn¬\n∂v e`n-®-
Xv. {]kvXpX ]Xn-∏p-If- n¬ h∂ Nne {]am-Zß - ƒ Xncp-Ønbpw ]cn-jvIc- n-®p-amWv "Pam-
AsØ Ckvem-anbpw kp∂n hna¿i-Icpw' F∂ t]cn¬ Cu ]Xn∏v ]pd-Øn-d° - p-∂X
- v.
Ign™ c≠p ] - X
- n-∏p-If- nepw h∂p-t]mb {]am-Zß - fpsS Xncp-Øv B ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ
ssIbn-ep-≈h - ¿ {i≤n-°W - s- a∂v At]-£n-°p-∂p
{]am-Zß
- ƒ kw`-hn® t]Pns‚ \º¿ A[ym-ba- S- °w Xmsg tN¿°p∂p:
"Z÷m¬ sI´p-IY' t]Pv 69˛¬ lZo-knse Ah-km-\`- m-KØv A¿Yw \¬In-b-
Xn¬ h∂ ]ni-Iv.
"kXy-Øns‚ am\-ZWvUw' t]Pv 133-˛¬ c≠mw JWvUnI.
"kXy-Øns‚ am\-ZWvUw' t]Pv 136-˛¬ 4, 7 JWvUn-II - ƒ, 137-˛e
- p≈ XpS¿®
"kXy-Øns‚ am\-ZWvUw' t]Pv 138-˛¬ c≠mw JWvUnI
"Zo≥, ico-A-Øv, tÃ‰v ' t]Pv 161. aplvbn-±o≥ ssiJns‚ {KŸ-Øns‚ t]cn¬
h∂p-t]mb am‰w.
"CkvXn-Kmk' t]Pv 206. F∂ \_n-hmIyw F∂v ]d-™Xv. ]Icw
sImSpØ s]mXp XXzhpw.
"]pXnb aXw' F∂ A[ym-bØ - ns‚ HSp-hn¬ Camw Km-en-bpsS A¬ap≥-JnZv an\-
±-em¬ F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp D≤-cWn IqSp-X¬ sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v.
c≠mw ]Xn∏pw ]pd-Øndßnb tij-amWv ta¬ kqNn-∏n® {]am-Zß - ƒ Nne klr-Z-
b¿ Nq≠n-°m-ń-bX - .v Ah-tcmSv Gsd \µn-bp-≠.v aq∂mw-]X - n-∏n¬ C\nbpw {]amZw h√Xpw
_m°n-bp-s≠-¶n¬ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°W - s- a∂v hmb-\° - m-tcmSv khn-\bw At]-£n-°p-∂p.
A√mlp XpW!
sNdp-hmSn C.-F≥.
C_vdmlow
27-˛08-˛2001
{KŸ-Im-cs‚ Ipdn∏v
PamAsØ Ckveman AXns‚ DZv`hw apX-en-t∂mfw FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS Bt£-]-i-Im-c-
ßƒ°v ic-hy-am-bn-cp-∂n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ Cu Bt£-]-ßƒ-°v ]e-t∏mgpw bmYm¿Yy-hp-
ambn hnZq-c-_‘w t]mep-ap-≠m-hm-dn-√.
aX-bm-Ym-ÿn-XnI taJ-e-bn¬\n-∂p-∂-bn-°-s∏-Sm-dp≈ GXm\pw Bt£-]-ß-fmWv
ChnsS N¿® sNøp-∂-Xv. Pam-AØv {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fn-ep≈ Nne hmIy-ßƒ kµ¿`-
Øn¬\n-∂-S¿Øn-sb-Sp-ØmWv Cu hn`mKw Xß-fpsS Bt£-]-hn-a¿i-\-ßƒ°v D]-
tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-dp-≈-Xv. BZ-c-Wo-b-sc∂v Ah¿Xs∂ kΩ-Xn-°p∂ ]q¿h-Ime ]fin-
X-∑m¿ ]d-™n-´p-≈Xpw sXfn-hp-Iƒ klnXw ka¿Yn-®n-´p-≈-Xp-amb hkvXp-X-Iƒ
t]mepw X≈n-∏-d-bp-∂n-S-tØmfw Cu hna¿i-\-ßƒ Xcw-Xm-Wp-t]m-hm-dp-≠v.
XnI®pw _men-i-sa∂p tXm∂m-hp∂ Nne Btcm-]-W-ßfpw CXn¬ ssIImcyw
sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Btcm-]-W-ßƒ°v adp-]Sn ]d-bpI F∂-Xn-ep-]cn km[m-c-W-°m¿°pw
\njv]-£-cmb ]fin-X-∑m¿°pw bmYm¿Yyw a\-n-em-°m≥ kµ¿`-sam-cp-°p-I-bmWv
Cu IrXn-bpsS e£yw.
c≠v Pam-AØv Jfi-\-Ir-Xn-Iƒ D∂-bn-®n-´p≈ hna¿i-\-ß-fmWv Cu ]pkvXIw
apJy-ambpw ]cn-tim-[-\m-hn-t[-b-am-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv. kakvX tIcf kp∂n bph-P\ kwLw
tÃ‰v IΩn-‰n-bpsS Iogn¬ \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ "kp∂Øv ]ªn-t°-j≥kv ' {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®Xpw
Fw.-F. A_vZp¬ JmZ¿ apkveym¿(-Xr-°-cn-∏q¿) Fgp-Xn-b-Xp-amb "Pam-AsØ Ckveman,
ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\hpw' F∂ ]pkvX-I-amWv Ah-bn-sem-∂v. c≠m-a-tØ-Xv, sI.-]n.
sambvXo≥Ipń apkveym¿(-I√ - q¿) Fgp-Xnb "Ckvemapw auZq-Zn- a-Zvl_pw' F∂ IrXnbpw.
Pam-A-Øn-s\-Xnsc D∂-bn-°m-dp≈ hna¿i-\-ßƒ GXm-s≠√mw Cu c≠p IrXn-Ifpw
Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p-sh-∂-Xpw, tcJm-aq-e-ap≈ hna¿i-\-ßƒ F∂ \ne-°p-amWv {]kvXpX
IrXn-Iƒ ChnsS {]k-‡-am-Ip-∂-Xv. Cu c≠p IrXn-I-fnepw ]cm-a¿in-°m-ØXpw {]kw-
K-ß-fn¬ km[m-cW D∂-bn-°m-dp-≈-Xp-amb Nne Btcm-]-W-ßfpw CXn¬ N¿®m hnj-
b-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.
adp-]Sn ]d-bp-tºmƒ sXfn-hp-Iƒ A[n-Ihpw hna¿i-I¿°p-IqSn kzoIm-cy-amb
{KŸ-ß-fn¬\n-∂p-X-s∂-bmWv D≤-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. \njv]£ hmb-\-°m¿°v Imcyw a\-n-
em-°m≥ AXv IqSp-X¬ klm-b-I-am-Ip-sa-∂m-sWs‚ hnizmkw. Cu Ffnb {iaw hgn
h√-h¿°pw sX‰p-[m-c-W-I-f-I-‰m\pw kXyw {Kln-°m\pw km[n-®m¬ Rm≥ IrXm¿Y-
\m-bn. F\n°v ]mfn-®-Iƒ kw`-hn-®n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ hmb-\-°m¿ kZbw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p-X-
c-W-sa∂v khn-\bw At]-£n-°p-∂p.
CXns‚ D≈-S°w ]cn-tim-[n-®p-X∂ H. A_vZp¿d-lvam≥ kmln-_n-t\mSpw hS-°m-
ßc A_vZp¬ JmZn¿ aue-hn-tbmSpw Sn.-sI. Dss_Zv kmln-_n-t\mSpw CXns‚ {]kn-
≤o-I-cWw Gs‰-SpØ Ckvem-anIv ]ªn-jnwKv lukn-t\mSpw F\n-°p≈ AssI-X-h-
amb \µn ChnsS tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≈-s´.
sNdp-hmSn C.-F≥.
6
C_vdmlow
7˛7-˛1991
D≈-S°w
BapJw 11
1. auem\m auZqZn 13
2. Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bpsS BZ¿iw 32
3. {]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS ]m]-kp-c-£n-XXzw 34
4. Jp¿-B\pw s{]m^-kdpw 46
5. Z÷m¬ sI´p-IY? 56
6. {]hmN-I-Xz-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw 71
7. {]hm-N-I-∑mcpw kmaqly ]cn-h¿Ø-\hpw 80
8. ae-°p-Ifpw tZho-tZ-h-∑mcpw 83
9. Cuam≥Imcyw A©m°n? 86
10. kp∂Øpw auZq-Znbpw 93
11. kXy-Øns‚ am\-Zfiw 101
12. ssK_pw auZq-Znbpw 117
13. apA-vPn-kØpw auZq-Znbpw 120
14. Zo≥, ico-AØv, tÃ‰v 123
15. s{Sbn-\nßv tImgvkv 149
16. alvZnbpw auZq-Znbpw 154
17. Cemlpw C_m-ZØpw 158
18. CkvXn-Kmk 167
19. P∑\m apkven-am-hp-I-bn√ 177
20. ^nJvln\p t\sc 187
21. XJveoZv \n¿_‘w? 193
22. Xk-∆p^pw auZq-Znbpw 203
23. \mkvXn-I-scbpw PqX-˛-ss{I-kvX-h-scbpw apkvenw-I-fm°n!
214
24. ]pXnb aXw 220
25. A`n-\h Jhm-cn-Pp-Iƒ 226
7
auZqZn kmln-_ns‚ k¿ń-^n-°-‰p-Iƒ 234
BapJw
Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-Zi- I
- ß
- f- n¬ temI-ap-kvenw-If- psS Ahÿ C∂-sØ-°mfpw
]cn-Xm-]I - c- hpw kl-Xm-]m¿l-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. A⁄-Xbpw ssiYn-eyhpw Ahsc Bg-
Øn¬ ]nSn-Iq-Sn-bn-cp-∂p. km{am-Py-i‡ - n-Iƒ apkvenw `q{]-tZ-iß - f- {- Xbpw Iø-S° - p-Ibpw
Ahsc apgp-h≥ ASn-®a- ¿Øn B[n-]X - y-ap-d∏- n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \ΩpsS \mń-em-sW-
¶n¬ `qcn-]-£hpw aX-]-c-ambpw ùXn-I-ambpw Xo¿Øpw A⁄-cm-bn-cp-∂p. am{X-a-√,
\n¿_‘ aXm-\p-jvTm\-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-∂h - ¿ hfsc hnc-fa- m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cn¬ Jp¿-
B≥ t\m°n-hm-bn-°m\pw \a-kvIc- n-°m\pw ]Tn-®h - ¿ henb ]fin-X∑ - m-cm-bmWv KWn-
°-s∏-ń-cp-∂X - v. Jp¿-Bs\ kw_-‘n-®p≈ [mc-W, ]pWy-Zn-\ß - f- n¬ HmXm\pw {]m¿Yn-
°m\pw tcmKw h∂m¬ Fgp-Xn-s°-´m\pw DuXn-°p-Sn-°m\pw Ipgn-°t- em-Øn-\p-sams°
D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp∂ a{¥-ßf- psS Hcp kam-lmcw F∂Xmbn-cp-∂p. D∂X aX-hn-Zym-]o-T-
ß-fm-bn-cp∂ ]≈n-Z¿kp-If- n¬ ^nJvlv {KŸ-ßƒ HmXn-Øo¿Øp thW-am-bn-cp∂p Jp¿-
Bs‚ A¿Yw ]Tn-°m≥. AXpw ]pWy-Øn-\p-th≠n am{Xw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Jp¿-
Bs‚ A¿Y-ad- n-bm-hp-∂h - ¿ \t∂ Ipd-hm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu kml-Nc- y-Øn¬ Jp¿-B\ - nse
XØz-ßfpw \n¿tZ-iß - fpw apkvenw kap-Zm-bØ - ns‚ Pohn-XØ - n¬ Xosc {]Xn-ê - n-°p-
I-bn-s√∂p hnti-jn®p ]d-tb-≠X - n-√t- √m.
amXr-`mj Fgp-Xm-\d- n-bn-s√-∂tXm t]mI-s´, A£-ci - p-≤n-tbm-Sp-IqSn kwkm-cn-°m≥
t]mepw Ign-bm-Øh - c- m-bn-cp∂p ]fin-X∑ - m-cn¬ _lp`qcn-]£ - h - pw. h¿Ø-am-\] - {- X-ßƒ
hmbn-°p-∂Xv \njn-≤-ambn Icp-Xn-bn-cp∂ Ah¿, Xßƒ Pohn-°p∂ temI-sØ-°p-
dn®v Xo¿Øpw A{i-≤cpw A⁄-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ae-bmfw ]Tn-°m≥ ]mSn-s√∂pw Jp¿-
B≥ tNm°p-sIm≠v t_m¿Un¬ Fgp-Xp-∂Xv ldm-am-sW-∂p-amWv kap-Zm-bsØ ]Tn-∏n-
®n-cp-∂X- v. Cw•ojv ]Tn-°p-∂Xv alm-]m-]a- m-bn-cp-∂p. Npcp-°Ø - n¬, A⁄-Xb - psS {]Nm-
c-I-cmbn ]cn-W-an-®n-cp∂p aX-]-fin-X-∑m¿. AXn-\m¬ apkvenw _lp-P\w Adn-hp-tI-
Sn¬ B≠p-t]m-bn. sI´p-IY - I
- f- m-bn-cp∂p aX-{]-kw-KØ - nse {][m-\h - n-jb- w. êtam?
Imew sN√pw-tXmdpw kaq-lØ - n¬ A‘-hn-izm-kß - fpw A\m-Nm-cß - fpw s]cp-In-s°m-
t≠-bncp-∂p.
Bfp-Iƒ apkvenwIfpw Aap-kvenw-I-fp-ambn th¿Xn-cn-™n-cp-∂Xv P∑w-sIm≠pw
IpSpw-_w-sIm≠pw am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. "ilm-ZØv Iena't]mepw Adn-bm-Ø-h¿ kap-Zm-b-
8
Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
]fin-X∑ - m-cpsS hne-°p-Iƒ ewLn®v Iemebß-fn¬ t]mbn hnZy t\Sn-bh - ¿ Gdn-
b-Iqdpw ùXn-I-∑m-cmbn `hn-s®-¶n¬ AXn-e-Zv`p-X-s∏-Sm-s\-¥p≠v? hf-sc-®p-cp°w
Nne¿t° kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ ]Xn-Xm-h-ÿ-sb-∏‰n Aev]-sa-¶nepw t_m[-tam, Nn¥tbm
D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q.
CXv Hcp-hiw am{Xw. adp-hi - Øv C¥y-bnse A∂sØ {]tXyI ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-bn¬
apkvenw-Isf kmap-Zm-bn-Ia- mbpw tZio-ba- mbpw kwL-Sn-∏n-°m-\p≈ Xnc-°n´ {iahpw \S-
°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
Pam-AsØ Ckveman
CØ-cs- amcp ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-bn-emWv kønZv A_p¬ AAvem auZq-Zn(1903-˛1979)-bpsS
t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Pam-AsØ Ckveman cq]w-sIm-≠X - v. Hcmƒ apkven-am-hp-∂t- XmsS Abm-
fn¬ h∂p-tN-cp∂ DØ-ch - m-Zn-Xz-ßfpw I¿Ø-hy-ßfpw Fs¥-√m-am-sW-∂pw, Ckvem-ans‚
BZ¿i-hm-Iy-amb "em C-eml C√-√mlp apl-ΩZ- p¿d-kq-ep√m'bpsS A¿Yhpw XmXv]c- y-
ßfpw Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW∂pw C¥y≥ apkvenw-Isf t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ib - mWv Pam-AØv
AXns‚ {]Ya I¿Ø-hy-ambn I≠-Xv. Ckvem-sa-∂Xv Hcp PmXn-bpsS t]c-√, AsXm-
cm-Z¿i-amWv; PohnX coXn-bm-Wv. amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ apkvenw-If- m-bX - p-sIm≠p am{Xw Hcmfpw
apkven-am-hp-Ib - n-√. Ckvem-ans‚ hnizm-km-\p-jvTm-\ß - ƒs°mØv PohnXw \bn-°p-∂-
Xns\ B{i-bn-®n-cn-°p∂p Hcmƒ apkven-am-hp-∂Xpw Bhm-Xn-cn-°p-∂X - pw. Ckvem-ans‚
\nb-ai - m-k\- I- ƒ Isøm-gn-°p-∂h - ¿ apkvenw IpSpw-_Ø - n¬ ]nd-∂h - c- m-bmepw apkvenw-
I-fm-hp-Ib - n-√.
Pohn-XØ - ns‚ kzIm-cy-ta-Je - sb am{Xw Iøm-fp∂ Hcp k¶p-NnX aX-a√ Ckvemw.
apgp PohnX taJ-eI - f- nepw AXn\v am¿K-\n¿tZ-ia- p-≠v. apl-ΩZ- v(k - ) Ccp-]Ø - n-aq∂v h¿j-
°m-esØ amXr-Im-Po-hn-XØ - n-eqsS ImWn-®p-X∂ - Xv Ah-bpsS {]mtbm-KnI cq]-am-Wv.
Jp¿-Bs- ‚bpw kp∂-Øn-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬ hnc-Nn-Xa- mb "^nJvlv ' {KŸ-ßf- n¬
Ckvem-anI Pohn-Xh - y-hÿ
- b - psS ]q¿W cq]-amWv tcJ-s∏-´p-In-S° - p-∂X - v.
""kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-tf, \nßƒ Ckvem-an¬ ]q¿W-ambn {]th-in-°pI'' (A¬_-Jd
208) F∂mWv Jp¿-Bs‚ imk-\. Cu Iev]\ AwKo-Ic- n-°m≥ apkvenw-Iƒ _m[y-ÿ-
cm-Wv. {kjvSmhv \evInb \nb-aß - ƒ°p am{Xta krjvSn-bmb a\p-jys‚ Pohn-X{- ]-iv\-
ßƒ apgp-h≥ bYmXY-ambn ]cn-lc- n-°m-\m-hq.
apkvenw-Iƒ Ckvem-ans‚ XØz-ßfpw \nb-aß - fpw Ah-cpsS Pohn-XØ - ns‚ hy‡n-
]-chpw kmaq-lnI-hp-amb F√m afi-eß - f- nepw {]mtbm-Kn-Ia- m-°n, Hcp DØa kap-Zm-b-
am-bn, temI-Øn\v ssZhnI kXy-Øn-s‚bpw \oXn-bp-sSbpw km£n-If- mbn \ne-sIm-≈-
Ww. Ah-cpsS PohnXØns‚ kwip-≤nbpw ku`m-Kyhpw ]ptcm-KX - nbpw I≠v CXc P\-
hn-`m-Kß - fpw ssZh-ZØ - a- mb B Pohn-Xc- oXn kzoI-cn-°m≥ t{]cn-Xc- m-hW - w. Aßs\
Cu temIØv Zo\p¬ Ckvemw as‰√m Zo\p-Is- f-°mƒ hnP-bn-°p-Ibpw A√m-lp-hns‚
`qan-bn¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ B[n-]Xyhpw bP-am-\-Xzhpw km£m-¬°-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw
9
sNøp∂ ssZh-\n¿Zn-jvShpw A\p-Kr-lo-Xh

- p-amb Ahÿ krjvSn-°s- ∏-SW
- w. CXmWv
Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bpsS ktµ-iØ- ns‚ BI-Øp-I.
H∂v
auem\m auZqZn
apkvenwIsf hnkvar-Xn-bn¬\n-∂p-W¿Øn Xß-fpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-
ß-sf-°p-dn®v t_m[-hm-∑m-cm-°m≥ Cu \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-]m-Xn-bn¬
C¥ym D]-`q-J-fi-Øn¬ cwK-Øp-h∂ alm-\mb ]cn-jvI¿Øm-hmWv
auem\m kønZv A_p¬ AAvem auZq-Zn. AXp-sIm≠v At±lw
FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS cq£-amb Bt£-]-i-Im-c-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-\m-hpI
kzm`m-hn-I-am-bn-cp-∂p.
IpSpw-_-]-›m-Øew
APvao-dn¬ ad-am-S-s∏´ JzmPm apCu-\p-±o≥ NnivXn-bpsS Kpcp(-
ssi-Jv)hmb lZvdØv Dkvam≥ lmdq-\n-bpsS Kpcp-hmWv lmPn
ico^v k≥Zm-\n. lZvdØv JzmPm JpXp-_p-±o≥ auZq-Zn(-ln. 430-˛527,
{In. 1039-˛1133)-bpsS injy-\mWv At±-lw. JzmPm JpXp-_p-±o≥ auZq-
Zn-bmWv auZqZn IpSpw-_-Øns‚ ÿm]-I≥. Cu IpSpw-_-]-c-ºc
\_n(-k)-bpsS ]u{X-\mb lk-\p_v\p Aen-øn-emWv sN∂p tNcp-
∂-Xv.
kønZv A_p¬ AAvem auZq-Zn-bpsS ]nXr-]-c-º-c-bn¬ C¥y-
bn¬ h∂p ÿnc-Xm-ak-am-°nb BZysØ Bƒ lZvdØv A_p¬
AAvem auZq-Zn(-a-cWw ln. 935, {In. 1530)-bm-Wv. A^vKm-\n-ÿm-
\nse NnivXn¬ \n∂mWv At±lw h∂-Xv. kn°-¥¿ tem[n-bpsS
`c-W-Im-e-Øv(1517-˛1526) I¿Wm-en-\-SpØv {]mkn¬ Xma-k-am-°n. B
{]]n-Xm-a-ls‚ t]cmWv auZq-Zn°v e`n-®-Xv.
kønZv A_p¬ AAvem auZq-Zn-bpsS ]nXmhv AlvaZv lk≥
auZq-Zn(-ln. 1273-˛1339, {In. 1856-˛1920) ]fin-X\pw `‡-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p.
A`n-`m-j-I≥ IqSn-bmb At±lw 1898-˛¬ U°m-\nse Hudw-Km-_m-
Zn¬ h∂v Xma-k-am-°n.
10
1915 hsc Hudw-Km-_m-Zn¬ Ign™ At±lw ]n∂oSv sslZ-cm-

_m-Zn¬ h∂p Xma-kn-®p. BtcmKyw tami-am-b-Xp-Im-cWw ]ns∂
t`m∏m-en-te°v t]mbn. aqØ-a-I≥ kønZv A_q apl-ΩZv AhnsS
ap≥kn-∏¬ t_m¿Un¬ FIvkn-Iyq-óhv Hmô-k-dmbn tPmen t\m°p-
∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. t`m∏m-en¬ ]£-hmXw ]nSn®v InS-∏nemb At±lw
1920-˛¬ Cl-tem-I-hmkw shSn-™p.
alm-Ihn ao¿km-Km-en-_ns‚ injy\pw Kpa-kvX-\p-am-bn-cp∂p
Xp¿°o hwi-P-\mb Jp¿_m-\-en-Jm≥. Hcp \√ kmln-Xy-Im-c≥
IqSn-bmb At±-l-Øns‚ aIƒ dpJn-øm-_o-K-amWv kønZv A_p¬
AAvem auZq-Zn-bpsS amXm-hv.
_meyhpw hnZym-`ym-khpw
ln. 1321 dP_v 3˛\v ({In. 1903 sk]vXw-_¿ 25-˛-\v) Hudw-Km-_m-Zn-
emWv A_p¬ AAvem auZqZn P\n-®-Xv.
]nXm-hns‚ aX-Nn-´-Ifpw coXn-Ifpw sNdp-∏-Ønte auZq-Znsb
kzm[o-\n-®p. A_p¬ AAvem ImWp-∂Xpw tIƒ°p-∂-Xp-sa√mw
Ckvem-ap-ambn _‘-s∏´ Imcy-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.
aIs\ Hcp ]fin-X-\m-°-W-sa-∂Xv AlvaZv lks‚ G‰hpw
henb B{K- l - a m- b n- c p- ∂ p. At±lw AXn- \ p- t h≠ G¿∏m- S p- I ƒ
sNbvXp. Ad-_n-˛-t]¿jy≥ `mj-Ifpw ^nJvlv, lZokv BZn-bmb
Ckvem-anI hnj-b-ßfpw ]Tn-∏n-®p. BwKe `mjtbm Nn¥-Itfm
Ahs\ kzm[o-\n-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ At±lw {]tXyIw {i≤n-®p. Ipń-
bpsS Pohn-X-co-Xnbpw k{º-Zm-b-ßfpw kwkvI-cn-°p∂ Imcy-Ønepw
]nXmhv ZØ-{i-≤-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp L´w hsc At±lw Ahs\ ]≈n-
°q-S-Øn-e-b-°m≥ Xøm-dm-bn-√. ]Icw ]Tn-°m≥ th≠ kuIcyw
hoń¬Xs∂ Hcp-°p-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. Hgnhp ka-b-ß-fn¬ an°-
t∏mgpw Ipńsb IqsS Iq´p-Ibpw hniz-kvXcpw k®-cn-X-cp-amb Bfp-
I-fpsS ASp-°¬ sIm≠p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. \nim-th-f-I-
fn¬ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sSbpw a‰p alm-∑m-cp-sSbpw Pohn-X-I-Y-Ifpw
Ckvem-anI Ncn-{Xhpw ]d™p tIƒ∏n-®n-cp-∂p. Aßs\ aIs‚
a\- n¬ Ckv e m- a n- I m- Z ¿iw thcp- d - ° m\pw Ahs‚ Pohn- X - c oXn
kwkvI-cn-°m\pw Bh-iy-am-b-sX√mw B ]nXmhv sNbvXp. `mj-
bpsS Imcyw t]mepw CXn¬\n-s∂m-gn-hm-bn-cp-∂n-√. kz¥w `mj ip≤-
ambn kq£n-°p-∂-Xn¬ AXoh {i≤m-ep-hm-bn-cp∂ AlvaZv lk≥
Ipń-I-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw AtX \ne-]mSv ]men-®p-t]m-∂p.
hoń¬ sh®p≈ A_p¬-A-A-vem-bpsS hnZym-`ymkw 9 hbv
hsc XpS¿∂p. kz¿^v, \lvhv, Ad_n kmln-Xyw, ^nJvlv F∂o
hnj-b-ß-fn-ep≈ ]e sNdnb ]pkvX-I-ßfpw Cu Ime-b-f-hn¬ ]Tn-
®p-Xo¿Øp. A\-¥cw Kpcp-\m-Y-\mb auehn \Zo-ap√m lpssks‚
\n¿tZ-i-{]-Imcw auZqZn Hudw-Km-_m-Znse sk°-≠dn a{Z-k-bnse
dpivZnøm ¢mkn¬ tN¿∂p ]T\w XpS¿∂p. A[y-b\ am[yaw D¿Zp-
11
hm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Ad_n `mjbpw ^nJvlv, lZokv F∂n-hbpw

\n¿_‘ ]mTy-hn-j-b-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.
Bdp-amkw Ign™p \S∂ ]co-£-bn¬ A_p¬-A-Avem anI®
am¿°p t\Sn. Bdp-amkw sIm≠v t\Snb Adnth D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q-
sh-¶nepw ]T-\-Øn¬ ImWn® anIhv ]cn-K-Wn®v {][m-\m-[ym-]-I≥,
ap√m-Zm-hqZv auZq-Zn°v aue-hn(-sa-{Sn-Iv) ¢mkn-te°v {]tam-j≥ \evIn.
Ncn-{Xw, ck-X-{¥w, KWn-Xw, {]IrXn hn⁄m-\obw XpS-ßnb hnj-
b-ßƒ A_p¬ AAvem ]Tn-°m≥ XpS-ßn-bXv Cu ¢mn-em-Wv.
1914-˛¬ auZq-Zn, auehn ]co£ ]mkm-bn. sa{Sn°p hnj-b-ßƒ°p
]pdta Ad_n kmln-Xyhpw X¿°-im-kv{X-Øn¬ "an¿JmØpw' I¿a-
im-kv{X-Øn¬ "JpZqcn'bpw lZo-kn¬ "iam-C-ep-Øn¿anZn'bpw Cu
L´-Øn¬ ]Tn®p Xo¿Øp. A∂v auZq-Zn°v ]Xn-s\m∂p hb-mWv
{]mbw.
kmº-ØnI ÿnXn tami-am-b-Xn-\m¬ AlvaZv lk≥ Hudw-Km-
_m-Zn¬\n∂v sslZ-cm-_m-Zn-te°v Xmakw am‰n. AhnsS A_p¬
AAvem Zmdp¬ Deq-an¬ auehn Benw ¢mkn¬ D]-cn-]-T-\-Øn\v
tN¿∂p. auem\m lao-Zp-±o≥ ^dm-ln-bm-bn-cp∂p Zmdp¬ Deq-ans‚
A∂sØ {]n≥kn-∏mƒ. aIs\ AhnsS ]Tn-°m≥ hn´v AlvaZv
lk≥ NnIn-’m¿Yw t`m∏m-en-te°v t]mbn. F∂m¬ ]£-hmXw
]nSn-s]´v InS-∏n-emb ]nXm-hns\ ip{iq-jn-°m≥ t`m∏m-en-te°v
t]mhm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-b-Xp-sIm≠v Bdp-am-k-°m-eta A_p¬
AA-vembv°p D]-cn-]-T\w XpS-cm-\m-bp-≈q. Ahn-S-∂-tßm-´p≈ c≠c
h¿j-°mew auZqZn IpSpw-_sØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Gsd {]bm-
k-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. hnjaw \nd™ Cu ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ A¥-
m¿∂ Pohn-X-Øn\v kzm{i-b-Øn-s‚bpw ITn-\m-[zm-\-Øn-s‚bpw
Bh-iy-IX A_p¬-A-Avem \∂mbn a\-n-em-°n. _mey-Ønte
At±-l-Øn\v kmln-Xy-Øn¬ A`n-cpNn D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]c∂ hmb-
\bpw ]T-\hpw AXv hf-cm≥ klm-b-I-ambn. {]kn≤ kmln-Xy-Im-
c-\mb \nbmkv ^Ø-lv]q-cn-bp-am-bp≈ kulr-Z-_‘w AXn\v
B°w Iq´p-Ibpw sNbvXp. GsX-¶nepw Hmô-kn¬ AS-ßn-sbm-
Xpßn Ign-™p-Iq-Sm≥ A_p¬-A-Avem CjvS-s∏-ń-√. At±lw Xt‚-
Xmb coXn-bn¬ kmlnXy {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-te¿s∏-Sm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p.
1921˛¬ PwC- ø - Ø p¬ De- a mtb lnµns‚ ]{X- a m- b n- c p∂
"apkven'ans‚ ]{Xm-[n-]-cmbn U¬ln-bn¬ h∂-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øn\v
]T\w XpS-cm≥ Ah-kcw Inń. A∂v A_p¬ AAvem auZq-Zn°v 18
hb-m-bn-cp∂p. tPmen Ign™v In´p∂ apgp-h≥ ka-bhpw U¬ln-
bnse {]kn-≤-cmb ]e ]fin-X-∑m-cn¬\n-∂p-ambn Ad_n kmln-
Xyw, X^vko¿, lZo-kv, X¿°-im-kv{Xw, XØz-imkv{Xw XpS-ßnb
hnj-b-ßƒ ]Tn-°m-\mWv At±lw hn\n-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
1923-˛¬ "apkvenw']{Xw \ne-®-Xns\ XpS¿∂v Xncn-®p-h∂v t`m∏m-
12
en¬ Xs∂ Xma-k-am-°nb Ime-Øpw, 1924-˛28 ImeØv PwC-ø-Øp¬

De-amtb lnµns‚ apJ-]-{X-amb "A¬ PwC-øØn's‚ ]{Xm-[n-]-
cmbn ho≠pw U¬ln-bn¬ h∂-t∏mgpw At±lw ]T\w apS°w
IqSmsX XpS¿∂p. Adn-hnepw `‡n-bnepw Io¿Øn-s]‰ auem\m
A_vZp-emw \nbm-kn, auem\m Aiv^m-Jp¿d-lvam≥ Im‘-ehn,
auem\m ico-^p√ F∂n-h-cm-bn-cp∂p U¬ln-bn¬ At±-l-Øns‚
Kpcp-\m-Y-∑m¿. bYm-{Iaw 1. aA-vJq-em-Øv(-Z¿i-\w), aB-\n, _em-
K(A-e-¶m-c-im-kv{Xw) 2. lZokv 3. X^vko¿ ss_Zm-hn, Xn¿anZn,
l\^n ^nJvlnse lnZmb F∂o hnj-b-ß-fmWv At±lw Ah-
cn¬ \n∂v ]Tn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. "PwC-ø-Øn's‚ {]kn-≤o-I-cWw \ne-®-t∏mƒ
hmb-\bpw ]T-\hpw hn]p-e-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-t±-in-®p-sIm-≠mWv 1928-˛¬
At±lw sslZ-cm-_m-Zn-te°v t]mb-Xv. ]n∂oSv 1932 hsc At±lw
Ahn-sS-bp≈ {]kn-≤-amb sse{_-dn-bn¬ hmb-\bpw {KŸ-c-N-\-bp-
ambn Ign-™p-Iq-Sn.
]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w
1918-˛¬ ktlm-Z-c≥ A_p¬ssJ¿ auZq-Zn-bpsS ]{Xm-[n-]-Xy-
Øn¬ _nPv\q-dn¬\n∂v ]pd-s∏-ń-cp∂ "aZo\m']{X-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-
®p- s Im- ≠ mWv A_p¬ AAv e m auZqZn ]{X{]- h ¿Ø- \ - c w- K Øv
Imse- S p- Ø p- s h- ® - X v . {]kv X pX ]{Xw apS- ß n- b - X n- s \- Ø p- S ¿∂v
"XmPn'te°v amdn. apkvenw cmjv{Sob XS-hp-Imsc klm-bn-°m≥
U¬ln-bn¬ cq]w-sIm≠ "A≥Pp-a≥ CB-\sØ \kv¿ _µms\
Ckvemw' F∂ kwL-S-\-bpsS kPoh {]h¿Ø-I-\m-bn-cp∂ XmPp-
±o≥ kmln-_ns‚ DS-a-ÿ-X-bn¬ P_¬]q-cn¬\n∂v ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-
bn-cp∂ ]{X-am-W-Xv. {]kvXpX kwL-S-\-bnse {]h¿Ø-I¿ F∂
\ne-bn-emWv Ccp-hcpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-´-Xv. XmPns‚ {]kn-≤o-I-cWw apS-
ßn-b-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿∂v t`m∏m-en-te°v aS-ßnb Ah-k-c-Øn-emWv
auZqZn Cw•ojv ]Tn-°m≥ XpS-ßn-b-Xv.
C°m- e - s ams° A_p¬ AAv e m auZq- Z n- b pw ktlm- Z - c ≥
A_p¬ssJ¿ auZq-Znbpw H∂n-®mWv {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. 1920-˛¬ Ccp-
hcpw hgn-]n-cn-™p. A_p¬ssJ¿ auZqZn ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬\n∂p
Xosc hnc-an-®p. A_p¬-A-Avembmh-s´ B cwKØv IqSp-X¬ {i≤
]Xn-∏n-®p.
1920-˛¬ XmPns‚ {]kn-≤o-I-cWw ]p\-cm-cw-`n-®-t∏mƒ XmPp-±o≥
kmln_v ho≠pw auZq-Znsb klm-b-Øn\v £Wn-®p. BZyw hmcn-
I-bmbpw ]n∂oSv Zn\-]-{X-ambpw {]kn-≤o-I-cn® XmPns‚ {]h¿Ø\w
an°-hmdpw auZqZn H‰-bv°mWv \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
C¥y≥ kzmX-{¥y-k-acw sImSp-ºn-cn-sIm-≈p∂ L´-am-bn-cp∂p
AXv. auZq-Zn-bpsS AZ-ay-amb kzmX-{¥y-t_m-[hpw tZi-kvt\-lhpw
At±-lsØ {_nó-jp-Im-cp-sSbpw Ah-cpsS A[n-Im-c-i-‡n-bp-sSbpw
_≤-hn-tcm-[n-bm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. sshtZ-in-Im-[n-]-XysØ sI´p-sI-ń®v
13
C¥ysb tamNn-∏n-°m-\p≈ AXy-[n-I-amb A`n-hmRvO auZq-Zn-bpsS

a\-ns\ kZm aYn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. AXmWv At±-lsØ Jnem-
^Øv {]ÿm-\-Øn-te°v BI¿jn® {][m\ LS-Iw. P_¬]q-cn¬
Jnem-^Xv {]ÿm-\-Øn\v XpS°w Ipdn-®-h-cn¬ auZq-Zn-bpw Dƒs∏-
Sp-∂p.
"XmPn's‚ {]kn- ≤ o- I - c Ww IqSp- X ¬ \o≠p- \ n- ∂ n- √ .
Kh¨sa‚ns\ hna¿in-®p-sIm≠v auZqZn Fgp-Xnb Hcp teJ\w
]{Xw I≠p-sI-´m≥ tlXp-hm-bn. ]{Xm-[n-]¿, {]n‚¿, {]km-[-I≥
F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ DØ-c-hm-Zn-bm-bn-cp∂ XmPp-±o≥ kmln-_ns\ {]Xn
tN¿ØmWv tIv h∂-Xv. kz¥w sNbvXn°p as‰m-cmƒ in£-b-\p-
`-hn-t°≠n h∂-Xn¬ auZq-Zn°v henb a\-kvXm-]-ap-≠m-bn. AtXmsS
as‰m-cm-fpsS ]{Xm-[n-]-Xy-Øn≥ Iogn¬ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w \S-Øp-I-
bn-s√∂v At±lw Xocp-am-\n-®p.
auZq-Zn-bpsS P_¬]q¿ PohnXw At±-l-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ kzm{i-
b-io-ehpw I\Ø DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ß-tf-s‰-Sp-°m-\p≈ IcpØpw hf-
cp-hm≥ Gsd klm-b-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. AhnsS At±lw X\n®p thW-
am-bn-cp∂p Imcy-ßƒ Iøm-fm≥. X\n-°p-≈n-sem-fn™p InS-°p∂
Ign-hp-Isf Xncn-®-dn™ L´w IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂p AXv. DØ-c-hm-ZnXz-
ß-fn¬\n∂v Hgn™p amdm≥ At±lw Hcn-°epw {ian-®n-cp-∂n-√.
]q¿W-ambpw kzX-{¥-\m-Im≥ Ign-™p-sh∂ Hcp t\´w-IqSn Cu
L´-Øn-ep-≠m-bn.
1921-˛¬ ho≠pw U¬ln-bn¬ Xncn-s®-Ønb kµ¿`-Øn-emWv PwC-
ø-Øp¬ De-amtb lnµns‚ t\Xm-°-fmb ap^vXn In^m-b-Øp-√m,
AlvaZv kCuZv F∂n-h-cp-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm≥ auZq-Zn°v Ah-k-c-
ap-≠m-b-Xv. XpS¿∂v {]kvXpX kwL-S\ ]pd-Øn-d-°p∂ "apkvenw'
F∂ ]{X-Øns‚ A[n-]-cmbn At±lw \nb-an-X-\m-bn. 1923-˛¬ ]{Xw
apS-ßp-∂-Xp-hsc At±lw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p B Npa-Xe \n¿h-ln-
®n-cp-∂-Xv.
1924-˛¬ PwC-ø-Øp¬ De-amtb lnµv "A¬Pw-C-øØv' F∂
t]cn¬ as‰mcp ]{Xw XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ AXn-s‚bpw A[n-]-cmbn
auZqZn \nb-an-X-\m-bn. 1928-˛¬ ]{Xw apS-ßp-∂-Xp-hsc At±lw B
ÿm\Øv XpS-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
auehn A_q apl-ΩZv apkvenlv \S-Øn-h-∂n-cp∂ "X¿Pp-am-\p¬
Jp¿-B≥' F∂ ]{Xw 1932-˛¬ auZqZn hne-bvs°-Sp-Øp. ]ns∂ acWw
hsc At±-l-amWv AXv \S-Øn-b-Xv. "X^vlo-ap¬ Jp¿-B≥'(Jp¿-
B≥ hnh-c-Ww), "dkm-C¬ h akm-C¬' (tNm-tZym-Ø-cw) F∂o
ÿncw ]w‡n-Iƒ°p ]pdta B\p-Im-enI kmaq-lnI˛cm-jv{Sob
{]iv\-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw ]m›m-Xy-˛-ù-XnI {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-ß-sf-°p-
dn-®p-ap≈ \ncq-]-W-ßfpw hna¿i-\-ßfpw apkvenw-Isf _m[n®
Po¿W-X-s°-Xn-cn¬, Ah-cn¬ ]p\-cp-∞m-\-Øn-s‚bpw hnNm-c-hn-π-h-
14
Øn-s‚bpw Bthiw Pzen-∏n-°m\pXIpw-hn[w Xøm¿ sNbvX teJ-

\-ßfpw B ]{X-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.
{KŸ-ßƒ
]T- \ - ] m- c m- b - W hpw ]{X- { ]- h ¿Ø- \ hpw \S- Ø n- s °m- ≠ n- c p- ∂ -
t∏mƒ Xs∂ {KŸ-c-N-\m-cw-KØpw auZqZn {i≤ sNep-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.
Kl-\-ß-fmb H´-\-h[n {KŸ-ßƒ At±lw cNn-°p-I-bp-≠mbn.
"X^vlo-ap¬ Jp¿-B≥', "Ckvemw aXw,' "JpXp-_mØv', 'A¬Pn-
lmZp ^n¬ Ckvemw', "]¿Z', "kqZv', Jp¿-B-\nse \mep kmt¶-
XnI i_v Z - ß ƒ (C- e m- l v , d∫v , C_m- Z - Ø v , Zo≥), Ckv e m- a nI
kwkvIm-cw: aqe-in-e-Iƒ, JØvap-∂p-_p-∆-Øv, ZmºXy \nb-a-ßƒ
apl-Ω-Z≥em-bnepw ico-A-Ønepw F∂n-h- Ah-bn¬ NneXv am{X-
am-Wv.
auZq-Zn-bpsS as‰mcp kw`m-h\ IqSn-bp≠v: A√mam kZvdp-±o≥
iodm-kn(-a-cWw {In. 1640) Ad_n `mj-bn¬ cNn® "A¬ln-Iva-Øp¬
apX-B-enb ^n¬ akm-C-en¿dp-_q-_nø' (ssZ-h-imkv{X {]iv\-ß-
sf-°p-dn-®p≈ D∂X XØz-Nn-¥) F∂ \mep hmfy-ß-fp≈ _rlZv
{KŸ-Øns‚ D¿Zp hnh¿Ø-\-am-W-Xv. "A¬ Akv^m-dp¬ A¿_A'
F∂pw AXn\v t]cp-≠v. ]fin-X-∑m¿°p-t]mepw Zp¿{K-lhpw AXoh
Kl- \ - h p- a mWo {KŸw. Dkv a m- \ nbm k¿h- I - e m- i m- e - b v ° p- t h≠n
Akv ^ m- d p¬ A¿_- A - b psS Ah- k m- \ sØ c≠v hmfy- ß - f mWv
auZqZn hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX-Xv. 3500˛Hmfw t]Pv hcp∂ {]kvXpX
`mK-ßƒ F´p-am-kw-sIm≠v At±lw ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn. auZq-Zn-bpsS
Ad_n `mjm ]cn-⁄m-\-Øns‚ anI® DZm-l-c-W-as{X Cu IrXn.
At±-l-Øns‚ H´-\-h[n ]pkvX-I-ßfpw teJ-\-ßfpw temI-Øp≈
an° `mj-I-fn-te°pw hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. CXn-s\ms°
]pdta Hcp \√ hm‹n IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂p A_p¬ AAvem auZq-Zn.
auZq-Zn-bpsS ]pkvX-I-ßfpw teJ-\-ßfpw hºn® hnhm-Z-ßƒ°p
Xncn-sIm-fp-Øn. ]utcm-lnXyw At±-lØns\-Xnsc Dd-™p-Xp-≈n.
Ip^v¿ ^Xvh-Iƒ {]h-ln-®p. At±lw F√mw ka-Nn-Ø-X-tbmsS
t\cn-´p. Hcp ]cn-jvI¿Øm-hns‚ F√m tbmKy-X-Ifpw auZq-Zn-bn¬
\nd-™p-\n-∂n-cp-∂p-sh∂v \nw-ibw ]d-bmw.
hnZym-`ymk hnN-£-W≥
1936 G{]n¬ amk- Ø n¬ Aeo- K ¿ apkv e nw k¿h- I - e m- i me
AXns‚ hm¿jnIw sIm≠m-Sn. AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v Hcp ]finX
kZv hnfn-®p-Iq-ń-bn-cp-∂p. hnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬ aX-t_m-[hpw Ckvem-
anI ssNX-\yhpw Icp-∏n-Sn-∏n-°m\pw Ahsc Ckvem-anI coXn-bn¬
hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cm\pw {]tbm-P-\-s∏Spw hn[-Øn¬ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-
bn¬ hcp-tØ≠ ]cn-jvI-c-W-sØ-∏‰n N¿® \S-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p
Dt±-iyw. AXn¬ ]s¶-SpØ auem\m auZq-Zn-bpsS \n¿tZ-i-ßƒ°-
15
\p-cq-]-am-bmWv ]n∂oSv Ahn-SsØ ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]p\x-t{Im-Uo-I-cn-

°-s∏-´-Xv.
1960-˛¬ kpDuZn Kh¨sa‚ v aZo-\-bn¬ Hcn-kvem-anI k¿h-I-em-
ime ÿm]n-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. AXns‚ ]mTy-]-≤Xn Xøm-dm-°m≥
temI-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬\n-∂mbn {]Kev`-cmb ]e ]fin-X-
∑m-scbpw £Wn-®p-h-cp-Øn. Iq´-Øn¬ auZq-Zn-bp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ahn-
sSbpw At±lw _rl-Ømb Hcp ]mTy-]-≤Xn ka¿∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-
bn.
1969 sk]vXw-_¿ 14-˛19 hsc samtdm-t°m-bnse ^mkn¬ \S∂
A¥m-cmjv{S Ckvem-anI hnZym-`ymk tIm¨{^≥kn¬ hnZym-`ym-
tk- X c taJ- e - b n¬\n∂v {]tXyIw £Wn- ° - s ∏´ GI hy‡n
A_p¬ AAvem auZq-Zn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
hnZym-`ym-kw, AXns‚ e£yw, coXn F∂nh kw_-‘n-®p≈
auZq-Zn-bpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sns‚ Bghpw ]c∏pw At±-l-Øns‚ ssh⁄m-
\nI tbmKy-Xbpw kw_-‘n®v _‘-s∏-´-h¿°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ t_m[y-
amWv At±-l-Øns‚ tkh\w Bh-iy-s∏-Sm≥ Ahsc t{]cn-∏n-®-Xv.
Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bpsS cq]o-I-cWw
Ckvem-anI {]t_m-[\w apkven-ans‚ _m[y-X-bm-Wv. A°mcyw
C¥y-bnse apkvenw kwL-S-\-Isf sXcy-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw Ahsc B
am¿K-Øn-te°v Xncn-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cm\pw auZqZn Bhp-∂{X {ian-°p-
I-bp-≠m-bn. \ne-hn-ep≈ apkvenw kwL-S-\-Iƒ Cu ZuXyw Gs‰-
Sp-°-W-sa∂v At±lw B{K-ln-®p. AXp-sIm≠v ]pXn-sbmcp kwL-
S\ cq]o-I-cn-°msX Ign-°m-\mWv At±lw BZyw {ian-®-Xv. ]t£,
Ckvem-anI kaq-l-Øns‚ icn-bmb _m[yXm \n¿h-l-W-Øn\v
k∂-≤-ambn H‰ kwL-S-\bpw apt∂m´p h∂n-√. At∏m-gmWv {]iv\w
Kuc-h-]q¿hw N¿® sNøm\pw `mhn ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Bkq-{XWw sNøm-
\p-ambn kam-\-Nn-¥m-K-Xn-bp≈ ]fin-X-∑mcpw A√m-Ø-h-cp-amb
GXm\pw Bfp-Isf hnfn-®p-Iq-´m≥ At±lw Xocp-am-\n-®Xv. Aßs\
1941 HmKkv‰v amkw Ah¿ emtlm-dn¬ HØp-Iq-Sn. Fgp-]-Ø©v {]Xn-
\n-[n-I-fmWv AXn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp-∂-Xv. B IqSn-bm-tem-N\m tbmK-
Øn¬ sh®mWv "Pam-AsØ Ckveman' cq]w sIm≠-Xv. Pam-AsØ
Ckvem-an-bpsS {]Ya Aao-dmbn auem\m auZqZn Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-
´p.
1947-˛¬ C¥y hn`-Pn-°-s∏-´-tXmsS C¥ybpw ]m°n-ÿm\pw c≠v
kzX{¥ cmjv { S- ß - f m- b n- Ø o¿∂p. kzm`m- h n- I - a mbpw Pam- A sØ
Ckvem-anbpw c≠m-bn. hyXykvX \b-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-tfmsS kzX-{¥-ambn
c≠p cmjv{S-ß-fn¬ Ah {]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂p. 1968-˛¬ ÿm\-sam-gn-
bp-∂-Xp-hsc auZq-Zn-bm-bn-cp∂p ]m°v Pam-A-Øns‚ Aa-c-°m-c≥.
JmZn-bm-\n-Isf Aap-kvenw-I-fmbn {]Jym-]n-°m-\p≈ {]t£m-`-
Øns‚ t]cn¬ 1953-˛¬ ]m°n-ÿm-\nse ]´m-f-t°m-SXn auZq-Znsb
16
h[-in-£°p hn[n-®p. temI-sØ-ßp-ap≈ ]finX {][m-\n-Iƒ,

Ckvem-anI {]ÿm-\-ßƒ, ]{X-ßƒ F√mw {]kvXpX hn[n-s°-
Xnsc {]Xn-tj-[n-°p-Ibpw in£ d±v sNø-W-sa∂v ]mIv `c-Wm-[n-
Im-cn-I-tfmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. CuPn-]vXnse {]ikvX
]fin-X-\mb A√mam lk-\p¬ lpssZ_n CXp kw_-‘n-®-b®
Iºn-k-tµiw Cßs\ hmbn°mw: ""kønZv A_p¬ AAvem auZq-
Znsb h[-in-£°v hn[n-®Xv Ckvem-anI {]ÿm-\-tØmSp sNøp-∂
AXn-{Iq-c-amb Hcp ]mX-I-am-Wv. ISpØ ZpxJ-tØmSpw h¿[n® {]Xn-
tj-[-tØmSpw IqSn-bmWv temI-ap-kvenw-Iƒ AXv ho£n-°p-∂-Xv.
in£ d±m-°-W-sa∂v Ah¿ H∂-S¶w Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]m°n-ÿm-
t\mSp apkvenw-Iƒ°p≈ _‘hpw A\p-`m-hhpw Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-
ÿm-\-Øn¬ am{X-am-Wv.''(an-º-dp¬ aivcn-Jv, ssItdm˛ sabv 22-˛1953)
CuPn-]vXnse Xs∂ "A¬-Alvdmw' ]{Xw FgpXn: ""temI-Ønse
D∂-X-\mb Hcp ]fin-X-\mWv auem\m auZq-Zn. At±-lsØ h[-
in-£°v hn[n-®Xv Ckvem-anI cmjv{S-ßƒ ]mIn-ÿm-\p-am-bp≈
_‘-hn-t—-Z-Øn-\p-hsc Imc-W-am-tb°pw''(sabv 18, 1953). Ah-km\w
]m°v `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ h[-in£ d±v sNøm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-bn.
temI-{]-i-kvX-cmb Ckvem-anI ]fin-X-∑m¿ A_p¬ AAvem auZq-
Znsb Fßs\ ho£n-°p-∂p-sh∂v Cu kw`hw hy‡-am-°p-∂p.
1956-˛-emWv temI apkvenw tIm¨{^≥kns‚ c≠mw ktΩ-f\w
Uam-kvI-kn¬ tN¿∂-Xv. A_p¬ AAvem auZq-Zn-sbbpw ktΩ-f-
\- Ø n- t e°v {]tXyIw £Wn- ® n- c p- ∂ p. At±- l - a mWv
tIm¨{^≥kns‚ Hcp ktΩ- f - \ - Ø n¬ A[y- £ X hln- ® - X v .
tIm¨{^≥kns‚ D]- k - a n- X n- b mb "Ckv e m- a nI {]t_m- [ \
kanXn'bpsS {]kn-U‚mbn Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´Xpw auZqZn Xs∂.
a° tI{µ- a m°n {]h¿Øn- ° p∂ "dm_n- Ø - Ø p¬ Be- a n¬
Ckveman'bpsS ÿm]I AwKw IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂p At±lw. 1978-˛¬
Ckvem-anI tkh-\-Øn-\p≈ {]Ya ss^k¬ Ahm¿Un\v A¿l-
\m-bXv At±-l-am-sW∂ Imcyw {]tXyIw {]kvXm-hy-am-Wv. 1979
sk]vXw-_¿ 22-˛mw XnøXn B t{]m÷ze XmcIw AkvX-an-®p.
auZq-Zn-s°-Xn-cmb hna¿i\ßƒ
auZqZn kpi-‡-amb Hcp {]ÿm\w sIń-∏-Sp-Øp. C¥ym-˛-]mIv
D]-`q-J-WvU-Ønse G‰hpw Icp-Øm¿∂ Ckvem-anI kwL-S-\-bm-
W-Xv. auZq-Zn-bpsS Nn¥-I-fn¬ BIr-jvS-cmb Bfp-Iƒ temI-sØ-
√m-bn-S-Øp-ap-≠v. C∂pw temIØv G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ hmb-\-°m-cp≈
B[p-\nI ]WvUn-X≥am-cn-sem-cm-fm-W-t±-lw. CsX√mw Hcp hi-Øv.
adp-h-iØv At±-l-Øn\v ISpØ FXn¿∏p-I-sfbpw hna¿i-\-ß-
sfbpw t\cn-tS-≠n-h-∂n-´p-ap-≠v. AXn∂pw XpS-cp-I-bp-am-Wv. Cu
hna¿i-\-ß-fn¬ an°Xpw A‘-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v ImWm≥ {]bm-k-
an-√.
17
auZq-Zn-bpsS t]cp-t]mepw ChnsS hna¿in-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. "A_p¬

AAvem'F∂m¬ AXyp-∂-Xs‚ ]nXmhv F∂m-W¿Yw. AXyp-∂-X≥
ssZh- a mWv . At∏mƒ A_p¬ AAv e m F∂m¬ ssZh- Ø ns‚
]nXmhv F∂¿Y-ambn. Cßs\ t]mIp∂p hna¿i\w.
CXn-\p≈ kw£n]vX adp-]Sn C{]-Im-c-amWv: A√m-lp-hns‚ \ma-
ßƒ "A¬-A-kvam-D¬ lpkv\m'˛ kpµ-c-\m-a-ßƒ˛ F∂mWv Jp¿-
B-\n¬ hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Xn¿an-Znbpw a‰pw D≤-cn® lZo-kn¬
\_n- ( k) Ah FÆn- ∏ - d - ™ n- ´ p- a p- ≠ v . Ah- b n¬ "A¬ AAv e m'
F∂Xv Dƒs∏-Sp-∂n-√. A√m-lp-hn\v hnti-j-W-ambn ]d-bp∂ ]Z-
ß-fm-Is´ krjvSn-°p-]-tbm-Kn®p IqsS∂v Jp¿-B-\ntem lZo-kntem
\ntcm-[n-®n-´p-an-√. A√mlp aqkm(-A)sb kwt_m-[\ sNbvXXv Jp¿-
B≥ (20: 68) D≤-cn-°p-∂Xv C{]-Im-c-amWv: \o Xs∂-bmWv
AXyp-∂-X≥ F∂ A¿Yw ChnsS Dt±-iy-a-√. ^tdm-h-bp-am-bp≈
a’-c-Øn¬ \o Xs∂-bmWv hnPbn F∂s{X Cu hmIy-Øns‚
A¿Yw.
kXy-hn-izm-kn-Isf kwt_m-[\ sNøsh Jp¿-B≥ (3: 139)
]d™p: ""\nßƒ Xs∂-bmWv hnP-bn-Iƒ'' F∂s{X
Cu hmIy-Øns‚ A¿Yw. F∂m¬ Jp¿-B≥ aqkmsb ssZh-am-°n-
sbt∂m hnizm-kn-Isf ssZh-ß-fm-°n-sbt∂m Cu hmIy-ß-fp-≤-cn®v
]d-bm-h-X-s√-¶n¬ "A_p¬-A-Avem' F∂m¬ ssZh-Øns‚ ]nXmhv
F∂m-W¿Y-sat∂m Pam-A-Øp-Im¿ auZq-Znsb ssZhw am{X-a√ ssZh-
Øns‚ ]nXmhv IqSn- b m- ° p- I - b m- s Wt∂m Bt£- ] n- ° p- ∂ Xn\v
bmsXm-c¿Y-hp-an-√. am{X-hp-a√, "A_p¬ AAvem' F∂Xv auZq-Zn-
bpsS ]nXr-]-c-º-c-bn¬s]´ Hcp alms‚ t]cm-Wv. At±-l-Øns‚
kvacW \ne-\n-dp-ØpI F∂ Dt±-iy-tØmsS AlvaZv lk≥ kz¥w
]p{X\v "A_p¬ AAvem' F∂v t]¿ hnfn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]≠p
apXte Cßs\ t]¿ hnfn-®p-h-∂n-cp-∂p-sh-∂m-WnXv ImWn-°p-∂-Xv.
As∂m∂pw AXn-s\-s®m√n Bcpw Bt£-]-ap-∂-bn-®-Xmbn Adn-hn-
√. AXn- \ m¬ {]kv X pX t]cns‚ t]cn¬ \S- Ø p∂ hna¿i\w
Xo¿Øpw A¿Yiq\y-am-Wv.
auZqZn kmln-_ns‚ ssh⁄m-\nI tbmKyX
BZ¿i-{]-ÿm-\-ßsf hne-bn-cp-Øm-\p≈ bYm¿Y am\-Zfiw
B {]ÿm-\-Øn\v XpS°w Ipdn® hy‡n-I-fpsS tbmKy-X-I-f-√.
{]Xyp-X, AwKo-IrX aqey-ß-tfmSpw {]am-W-ß-tfmSpw a\p-jy-_p-
≤n-tbmSpw B {]-ÿm\w F{X-I≠p tbmPn-°p∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. Iayq-
Wnkw Xt≈-≠tXm sImt≈-≠tXm F∂v Xocp-am-\n-°m≥ Bcpw
am¿Ivkv GsX√mw kvIqfp-I-fn¬ ]Tn®p, GsX√mw _ncp-Z-ßƒ t\Sn
F∂v t\m°m-dn-√. Iayq-WnÃv Bi-b-ßsf {]m]-©nI \nb-a-ßfpw
Adn-b-s∏´ aqey-ßfpw a\p-jy-_p-≤nbpw A\p-`-h-ßfpw kXy-s∏-
Sp-Øp-∂pt≠m F∂mWv t\m°p-I. aX-Øns‚ Imcy-Ønepw CXp
18
Xs∂-bm-W-h-ÿ. aZvl_p-Iƒ cq]w-sIm-≠Xpw Ahbv°v tImSn-

°- W - ° n\v A\p- b m- b n- I - f p- ≠ m- b Xpw Ah- b psS Cam- a p- I ƒ
GsXms° Z¿kp-I-fn¬ ]Tn®p k\-sZ-SpØp F∂-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-
\-Øn-e-√. aX-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn-em-Ip-tºmƒ, kzoIm-cy-X-bpsS am\-
Zfiw aX- Ø ns‚ ASn- ÿ m- \ - { ]- a m- W - ß - f m- I p- ∂ p. aX- ] - c - a mb
GsXmcp {]ÿm-\-Øn-s‚bpw aqeyw \n¿W-bn-°p-∂Xv aX-Øns‚
ASn-ÿm-\-{]-am-W-ß-fmb Jp¿-B-t\mSpw kp∂-Øn-t\mSpw a‰w-Ko-
IrX {]am-W-ß-tfmSpw AXv F{X-I≠v tbmPn-°p∂p F∂v t\m°n-
bn- ´ m- W v . Cub- S n- ÿ m- \ - Ø n- e mWv aZv l - _ p- I ƒ cq]w- s Im- ≠ Xpw
hf¿∂p-h-∂Xpw. im^nCu aZvl-_p-Im¿ {]kvXpX aZvl_v kzoI-
cn-®-Xv, a‰p aZvl-_p-I-fpsS Cam-ap-Iƒ InXm-t_m-Xm-Ø-htcm C¬an-
√m-Ø-htcm BWv F∂-Xp-sIm-≠-√. Ah-cpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬ Jp¿-B-
t\mSpw kp∂-Øn-t\mSpw Gsd tbmPn-®Xv im^nCu aZvl-_m-b-Xp-
sIm-≠m-Wv. im^nCu aZvl_v kzoI-cn-°msX a‰p aZvl-_p-Iƒ
kzoI-cn-®-h¿ Aßs\ sNbvXXpw AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂; im^nCu
Camw Adn-hn-√mØ Bfm-b-Xp-sIm-≠-√.
F∂m¬ Pam-AsØ Ckveman Hcp {]tXyI aZvl-_-√. auem\m
auZqZn Hcp aZvl-_ns‚ Cam-ap-a-√. F√m aZvl-_p-Ifpw s]mXp-hmbn
AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ Zo\o XØz-ßsf {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠n
ÿm]n-X-amb Hcp Ckvem-anI {]ÿm-\-amWv Pam-AsØ Ckvem-
an. AXn\v XpS°w Ipdn® BfmWv auZqZn kmln-_v. ]t£, auZqZn
kmln_v ]d-™-Xp-sIm≠v C∂Xp icn-bm-sWt∂m kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-
≈-W-sat∂m Pam-AØv BtcmSpw ]d-bp-∂n-√. Pam-AØv Db¿Øn-
∏n-Sn-°p-∂Xv hnip≤ Jp¿-B-s‚bpw Xncp-kp-∂-Øn-s‚bpw Xm¬]-
cy-ß-fm-sW∂pw AXn-\m¬ AXv AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ \nßƒ _m[y-
ÿ-cm-sW-∂p-amWv AXv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. C∏-d-bp-∂Xv icntbm sXt‰m
F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠Xv Pam-A-Øns‚ BZ¿i-ßsf Jp¿-B-\n-
t\mSpw kp∂-Øn-t\mSpw HØp-t\m-°n-s°m-≠m-Wv. A√msX auem\m
auZq-Zn-bpsS _ncp-Z-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-®p-sIm-≠-√.
Pam- A sØ Ckv e m- a n- b psS BZ¿i- ß - s fbpw {]h¿Ø- \ - ß -
sfbpw Jp¿-B-s‚bpw kp∂-Øn-s‚bpw A[ym-]-\-ß-fp-ambn Xmc-
Xayw sNøm≥ apXn¿∂m¬ Xßƒ ASn-b-dhp ]d-tb-≠n-h-cp-sa∂v
bmYm-ÿn-XnI hna¿i-I-∑m¿°v \∂m-b-dn-bmw. AXp-sIm≠v Ah¿
AØcw ]cn-tim-[-\-I-sfms° am‰n-\n¿Øn BZyw-Xs∂ auZq-Zn-bpsS
ssh⁄m-\nI tbmKy-X-Isf IS-∂m-{I-an-°p-∂p. aX-hn-Zym-`ymkw
e`n-®n-ń-√mØ Hcp A⁄-\m-W-t±-lw. Ckvem-anI hnZym-`ymkw e`n-
®n-ń-√mØ Hcmƒ Ckvem-anI {]ÿm\w sIń-∏-Sp-Øm¬ AX-_-≤-
P-Sn-e-am-hmsX høt√m? AXmWv \ymbw. Hcp hna¿i-I≥ Fgp-Xp-
∂Xv ImWpI:
""9 hbv hsc kz¥w hoń¬\n∂pw A\-¥cw Hudw-Km-_mZv
19
sslkvIq-fn¬\n∂pw At±lw ]Tn®p. sa{SnIv ]co-£-bn¬ BZyw

tXm‰p-sh-¶nepw 1914-˛¬ sk°‚ v ¢mkmbn ]mm-bn. ]n∂oSv sslZ-
cm-_m-Znse Zmdp¬ Deq-an¬ tN¿∂p-sh-¶nepw ]nXm-hns‚ tcmKhpw
A\-¥-c-ap≈ ac-Whpw ImcWw Bdp-am-k-Øn-\Iw ]T\w \ndp-tØ-
≠n-h∂p. CXm-W-t±-l-Øns‚ hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ BI-Øp-I.'' (P-
am-AsØ Ckveman: ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\-hpw, t]Pv 15)
as‰m-cmƒ auZqZn kmln-_ns\ hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂Xv Cß-s\-bm-Wv.
""Xs‚ sNdp-∏-Øn¬ {]mY-anI hnZy-Iƒ Ic-ÿ-am-°n-bXv kz¥w
]nXm-hmb AlvaZv lk-\n¬\n-∂p-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\p-tijw
Hudw-Km-_m-Znse Hcp hnZym-e-b-Øn¬ sk°-≠dn hn`m-K-Øn¬ At±-
lsØ tN¿Øp- I - b p- ≠ m- b n. \n¿`m- K y- I - c - s a∂p ]d- b s´ ]T\w
]q¿Øn-bm-°p-hmt\m XpS¿∂v ]Tn-°p-hmt\m Abmƒ°v Ah-k-ctam
ka-btam e`n-®n-√. ]nXm-hns‚ \mep-h¿jsØ \nc-¥-c-amb tcmKhpw
A\-¥-c-ap≈ ac-W-hp-am-bn-cp∂p AXns‚ {][m\ ImcWw.''(C-
kvemapw auZqZn aZvl-_pw, t]Pv 14, 15)
auZq-Zn-bpsS Xs∂ Bfl-I-Y, Akv-AZv Koem-\n-bpsS "auem\m
auZqZn', Sn. apl-Ω-Zns‚ "A_p¬ AAvem' C{Xbpw {KŸ-ß-fm-
Ws{X Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ hna¿i-I¿°m-[mcw.
""sa{SnIv ]co-£-bn¬ BZyw tXm‰p-sh-¶nepw 1914-˛¬ sk°‚ v
¢mkmbn ]mmbn''sb∂ hna¿i-Is‚ {]kvXmhw bmYm¿Yy-hn-cp-
≤-am-Wv. tXm‰ ]co-£°v ho≠pw Fgp-Xp-I-b-√. adn®v, Db¿∂ ¢mkn-
en-cp∂p ]Tn-°p-Ibpw B ¢mnse ]co-£-bn¬ sk°‚ v ¢mkv
t\Sp-I-bp-am-Wp-≠m-bXv. Xmsg ¢mkn¬ tXm‰Xv IW-°n¬ am{X-am-
bn-cp-∂p. Sn. apl-ΩZv Fgp-Xp∂p:
""Xm≥ auehn ]co£ ]mmb IY Ncn-{X-]p-cp-j≥ A\p-kva-
cn-°p∂p: "Rm≥ H∂m-a-Xmbn tN¿∂Xv dpivZnøm ¢mkn-em-Wv. Bdp
amk-Øn\p tijw ]co£ \S-∂p. KWnX imkv{X-Øn¬ F\n°v
]cn-⁄m-\-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ B ]co-£-bn¬ Rm≥ hnP-bn-
°p-I-bp-≠m-bn-√. F∂m¬ CXc hnj-b-ß-fn-se√mw kmam\yw \√
am¿°p t\Sn. AXp-sIm≠v {][m\ A[ym-]-I-\mb ap√m ZmhqZv
F\n°v auehn ¢mkn¬ {]th-i-\-a-\p-h-Zn-®p. Aßs\ B[p-\nI
Iem-im-kv{X-ß-fp-ambn CS-s]-Sm≥ F\n°v Ah-kcw e`n-®p. t_m[-
\-am-[yaw D¿Zp-hm-bn-cp-∂p. ck-X-{¥w, Du¿P-X-{¥w, KWn-Xw, Ncn{Xw
BZn- b mb imkv { X- i m- J - I - f n¬ Aßs\ F\n°v A`n- c p- N nbpw
hyp¬]-Ønbpw kwPm-X-am-bn. hnhn[ Kpcp-\m-Y-∑m-cpsS kzm[o\w
Imc-W-ambn Bi-b-a-fiew Xptemw hnI-kn-®p. kXo¿Yy-cp-sSbpw
kl-]m-Tn-I-fp-sSbpw kl-hmkw Fs‚ A]-cn-Nn-X-Xz-sØbpw CW-
°-an-√m-bva-sbbpw Zqco-I-cn-®p. F¶nepw ]nXm-hn¬\n∂v e_v[-amb
\∑-Xn-∑m-hn-th-N-\-i‡n At∏mgpw F∂n¬ kPo-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. BI-
bm¬ CXc kzm[o\w Fs∂ Hcn-°epw hyXn-N-en-∏n-®n√.''(A_p¬-
20
A-A-vem, t]Pv 25, 26)

""1914˛¬ \S∂ auehn ]co-£-bn¬ A_p¬-A-Avem sk°‚ v
¢mtkmsS ]kmbn. A∂v ]Xn-s\m∂v hbv {]mb-am-bn-cp-∂p.''(A-
_p¬-A-A-vem, t]Pv 26)
Hudw-Km-_m-Znse Cu hnZym-`ymk coXn-sb-°p-dn®v Bknw-\p-A-
vam\n Fgp-Xnb "Xk-∆p^v Hu¿ XA-vao-sd- ko-dØv' F∂ ]pkvX-I-
Øns‚ ASn-°p-dn-∏n¬ ]d-bp∂p:
""Dkvam-\nbm k¿h-I-em-ime \ne-hn¬h-cp-∂-Xn\p apºv auem\m
in_ven, auem\m lao-Zp-±o≥ ^dmln F∂o {]Kev` ]fin-X-∑m-
cpsS \n¿tZ-im-\p-kmcw sslZ-cm-_mZv cmPyØv \hm_v Cam-Zp¬
ap¬Iv \S-∏n¬h-cp-Ønb Hcp ]pXnb hnZym-`ymk coXn-bs{X CXv.
AXn¬ sslkvIqƒ L´-Øn\v "aZvdk ûJm-\nø' F∂mWv t]cp
\¬In-bn-cp-∂-Xv. anUn-en\v "dpivZnø' F∂pw sa{Sn-°n\v "auehn '
F∂pw t]cn-´p. anUn-enepw sa{Sn-°nepw ]T\ am[yaw D¿Zp-hm-bn-cp-
∂p. H∏w Ad_n `mj, ^nJvlv, lZo-kv, X¿°-imkv{Xw F∂n-hbpw
\n¿_‘ ]mTy-hn-j-b-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.''(t]Pv 17)
Pam-AØv hna¿i-I≥ A_p¬-A-Avem ]mT-im-e-bn¬ tN¿∂p
Bdp-amkw Ign™p \S∂ ]co-£-bn¬ IW-°n¬ am{X-ap-≠mb
tXm¬hnsb sa{Sn°v ]co-£-bnse samØw tXm¬hn-bm°n am‰n.
anUnepw sa{Sn°pw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw kuI-cy-]q¿hw hnkva-cn-
®p-I-f-™p. IqSmsX ]Xn-s\m∂v hbv am{Xw {]mb-ap≈ _me-\m-
bn-cp∂p A∂v auZqZn F∂ Imcyhpw A\p-kva-cn-®n-√. anUn-en¬ KWn-
X-im-kv{X-Øn¬ tXm‰n´pw {][m-\m-[ym-]-I≥ B sIm®p Ipńsb
Db¿∂ ¢mkmb sa{Sn-°n¬ sIm≠n-cp-Ønb Imcyw I≠n-s√∂v \Sn-
®p.
Xo¿∂n√; "aX-]-c-amb hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fn-ep≈ {KŸ-ßƒ ]Tn-
°m-\p≈ Ah-kcw e`n-°p-tºmƒ AXn¬ {i≤ ]Xn-°m\pw {ian-
°p-I-bp-≠mbn' F∂v Hgp-°≥ ań¬ Hcp {]kvXmhw \SØn Ah-
km-\n-∏n-°p-I-bmWv hna¿i-I≥. F∂m¬ hkvXpX F¥m-bn-cp∂p?
Sn. apl-ΩZv Fgp-Xp∂p:
""GXm- ≠ ntX L´- Ø n¬(1921- ˛ 28 Imew) Db¿∂ Ckv e m- a nI
hn⁄m- \ - k - º m- Z - \ - Ø n\pw Ncn{X ]pcp- j ≥ apXn- c p- I - b p- ≠ mbn.
Ad_n hymI-c-Ww, Ad_n kmln-Xy-imkv{Xw (C¬ap¬ _bm≥),
X¿°- i mkv { Xw, X^v k o¿(- J p¿- B ≥ `mjyw), lZo- k v , Dkq- e p¬
lZokv (l- Z okv \ncq- ] - W - i m- k v { Xw), Dkq- e p¬ ^nJv l v , (I¿a-
imkv{X \nZm-\w) apX-emb hnj-b-ßsf kw_-‘n® _rl-Zv{K-Ÿ-
ß-sfms° At±lw hnhn[ Kpcp-\m-Y-∑m-cn¬\n∂pw ]Tn-®p. auem\m
A_vZp-emw \nbm-kn-bn¬\n-∂mWv Ad_n kmln-Xyhpw a‰pw ]Tn-
®-Xv. AXyp-’m-ln-Ifmb hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°p am{Xta \nbmkn ]mT-
sa-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p-≈q. {]`m-tXm-Z-b-Øn\p apºmWv A_p¬-A-A-vem°v
21
At±lw ]mT- s a- S p- Ø n- c p- ∂ - X v . ssiXyw Ak- l y- a mb Ime- Ø p-

t]mepw B hnZym¿Yn Kpcp-hns‚ ]m¿∏n-S-Øn¬ \n›nX kabw
FØn-t®-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Nne Znh-k-ß-fn¬ Kpcp-\m-Y≥ ]dbpw: "anbm≥,
C∂v a\-m-∂n[yw t]mcm. AXp-sIm≠v ¢mn-√.' bmsXmcp ssha-
\-kyhpw tXm∂msX injy≥ Xncn-®p-t]m-cn-Ibpw sNøpw.''
""AXp-t]mse auem\m ico-^p-√-bn¬\n∂v ss_Zm-hn-bpsS Jp¿-
B≥ X^vkodpw l\ô ^nJvlnse {]mam-WnI {KŸ-amb A¬ln-
Zm-bbpw Ad_n `mjm-km-ln-Xy-Ønse {]kn≤ IrXn-bmb X^vXm-
km-\n-bpsS "apX-∆epw' Xn¿an-Zn-bpsS lZokv kam-lm-chpw Camw
amen-°ns‚ "A¬ap-hØm'bpw imkv{Xo-b-ambn IYm-]p-cp-j≥ A`y-
kn-®p. a‰p lZokv kam-lm-c-ß-sf√mw kzbw ]mcm-bWw sNbvXp.
auem\m Aiv^m-Jp¿d-lvam≥ Im‘ehn-bn¬\n∂pw At±lw thsd
Nne {KŸ-ßfpw ]Tn-®n-´p-≠v.''
(A_p¬ AA-vem, t]Pv 28-˛29)
auZqZn kmln_v Xs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y-∑m-cmbn Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-h-sc√mw
AXXp hnj-b-ß-fn¬ A°m-esØ {]Kev`-cmb ]fin-X-∑mcpw
D∂X Zo\o Iem-e-b-ß-fnse A[ym-]-I-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hgnhp ka-b-
Øp≈ Ae-k-amb A[y-b-\-am-bn-cp-∂n-√, Hmtcm hnj-bhpw AXXv
]fin-X-∑m-cn¬ \n∂v Db¿∂ \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ hyh-ÿm-]n-X-ambn
A`y-kn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. Hmtcm hnj-b-Ønepw auZqZn
kmln_v t\Snb AKm-[-]m-finXyw AXXp Kpcp-h-cy-∑m¿ tcJm-
aqew km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-ap-≠v. A{]-Imcw e`n® Nne k¿ń-^n-°-
‰p-I-fpsS t^mt´m-Ãm-‰p-Iƒ Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-`m-KØv
sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v.
Ad_n `mj-bn¬ bmsXmcp ]cn-⁄m-\-hp-an-√mØ Bfm-bn-cp∂p
auZq-Zn-sb∂v hcp-Øn-Øo¿°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n hna¿i-I-cn-sem-cmƒ Fgp-
Xp∂p: ""Zo\p¬ Ckvem-ans‚ hn[n-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ [mcmfw A_-
≤- ß ƒ Abmƒ°p (au- Z q- Z n- ° v ) - k w- ` - h n- ® n- ´ p- ≠ v . klm- _ - Ø ns\
htc°pw Abmƒ Bt£- ] n- ® - X mbn ImWmw. Ad_n `mj- b n¬
t]mepw Abmƒ°p≈ Adnhv hfsc XpO-am-Wv. D¿Zp `mj-bn¬
Fgp-Xnb Nne {KŸ-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Ad-_n-bn¬\n∂v D¿Zp `mj-bn-
te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbv X Nne ]pkv X - I - ß - f n¬\n∂pw BWv
Abmƒ Zo\ns‚ Nne Imcy-ßƒ a\-n-em-°n-b-Xv''(A¬-A-d-_v-˛-]m-
°n-ÿm≥). ta¬ hnh-cn® D≤-c-Wn-bn¬\n∂pw Zo\p¬ Ckvem-ans‚
hn[n-Iƒ ]d-bp∂Xn¬ Abmƒ°v [mcmfw A_-≤-ßƒ kw`-hn-®n-
´p-s≠∂v sXfn-™-Xn\p ]pdta Jp¿-B-\ns‚ `mj-bmb Ad-_n-
bn¬t]mepw Abmƒ°v bmsXmcp hn[ Ignhpw C√ F∂t√ sXfn-
bp-∂-Xv.''(C-kvemapw auZqZn aZvl-_pw, t]Pv 17)
tIc-f-Øn-se-Xs∂ Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bpsS \ninX hna¿i-
* auZq-Zn-bpsS 11˛mw hb-n¬.
22
I-\mbn Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp D¬]-XnjvWp aue-hn-bpsS "A\p-`h

hnh-cWw' IqSn sXfn-hm-bp-≤-cn-°p-∂p-≠v {KŸ-Im-c≥.
auZq-Zn°v Ad_n `mj-bn¬ ]cn-⁄m-\-an-s√-∂-Xn\v sXfn-hm-bp-
≤-cn® ]m°n-ÿm-\nse "A¬Ad_v' ]{X-Øns‚ Xs∂ lnPvd 1403
da-Zm≥-˛-i-∆m¬ e°-Øn¬ auZq-Zn-bpsS Ad_n `mjm ]cn-⁄m-\-
sØ-∏‰n kwibw {]I-Sn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v h∂ Hcp tNmZy-Øn\v ]{Xm-
[n-]¿ \¬Inb adp-]Sn hna¿i-Is‚ hmZsØ Jfin-°p-∂p. AXn-
ßs\ hmbn°mw: ]gb ]{Xm-[n-]-cpsS aI-\mWv Ct∏m-gsØ ]{Xm-
[n-]-sc∂ Imcyw {]tXyIw {]kvXm-hy-am-Wv.
(Xs‚ hnh-c-W-Øn-eqsS Camw auZq-Zn-bpsS am\yX sISp-Ømt\m

At±-lsØ A]-am-\n-°mt\m ]nXm-hp-t±-in-®n-cp-∂n√ F∂p-X-s∂-
bmWv Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xv. At±-lsØ kw_-‘n-®p≈ Hcp
hkvXp-X˛ At±-l-Øn\v Ad_n Hgp-°≥ ań¬ kwkm-cn-°m≥ km[n-
°p-am-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂ hkvXp-X-˛-hn-h-cn-°pI am{Xta At±-l-Øn\v
Dt±-iy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q.)
]e- t ∏m- g mbn Ad_n \mSp- I - f n¬ ]cy- S \w \S- Ø nb auZqZn
kmln_v Ahn-S-ß-fnse ]fin-X-∑mcpw t\Xm-°-fp-ambn Bi-b-hn-
\n-abw \S-Øn-bXv Ad-_n-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂ Imcyw hnkva-cn-°m-h-
X-√. 1963 sabv 11˛\v a°-bnse akvPn-Zp-±-lve-hn-bn¬sh®v At±lw
Hcp hºn® P\m-h-ensb A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXXpw Ad-_n-bn-em-
bn-cp-∂p. AsXmcp l÷v Ime-am-bn-cp-∂p. l÷n\p t]mb tIc-fob
lmPn-am-cn¬ Nnecpw AXv {ihn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. CtX {]kw-K-
amWv ]n∂oSv "Ckvemao Xlvco-ImXv tIentb GIv Xzco-sJ-Im¿'
F∂ t]cn¬ D¿Zp-hn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX-Xv.
auZq-Zn-bpsS Ad_n `mjm-]-cn-⁄m-\-Øns‚ Bgw a\-n-em-
°m≥ Hscm‰ kw`hw aXn. Sn.-ap-l-ΩZv D≤-cn-°p∂p:
""1914-˛¬ aueho ]co-£-s°-gpXn kzÿ-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ Hgn-hp-Im-
eØv* A_p¬ssJ¿ auZq-Zn-bpsS t{]cW {]Imcw A_p¬-A-Avem,
Jmknw Aao≥ s_bpsS "A¬a¿-A-Øp¬ PZoZ'(A-`n-\h h\n-X)
F∂ Ad_n ]pkvXIw D¿Zp-hn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNøp-I-bp-≠m-
bn. AXns‚ Isø-gp-Øp-{]Xn hn\-jvS-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXp-hm-bn®v
]nXmhpw tPyjvT\pw k¥p-jvS-cm-bn-cp-∂p.''(A-_p¬ AA-vem, t]Pv
27)
kZvdp-±o≥ apl-ΩZv iodm-kn-bpsS "A¬ln-Iva-Øp¬ apX-B-enb
^n¬ akm-C-en¿dp-_q-_nø' F∂ Ad_n {KŸhpw auZq-Zn-km-ln_v
D¿Zphn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXn-´p-≠v.
auZqZn ]mfin-Xy-an-√m-Ø-h-\m-sW-∂-Xns‚ as‰mcp sXfn-hp-IqSn
23
ImWpI. auZqZn ]d-™p-hs{X: ""F\n°p De-am-Cs‚ Iq´-Øn¬

Dƒs∏-Sm≥ `mKyw kn≤n-®n-√.'' hna¿i-I≥ XpS¿s∂-gp-Xp∂p: ""ta¬
{]kv X m- h n- ® - X n¬\n∂pw De- a m- C ¬(- ] - fi n- X - ∑ m- c n¬) Dƒs∏- S m≥
Abmƒ°v `mKyw kn≤n-®n√ F∂v AbmƒXs∂ Xpd∂p kΩ-Xn®
\ne°v Abmƒ Hcp aX-]-fin-X-\-s√∂v sXfn-bp-∂nt√?''(C-kvemapw
auZqZn aZvl-_pw, t]Pv 16, 17)
hn\-b-Øns‚ `mj-b-dn-bmØ hna¿i-I-sc-∏‰n F¥p ]d-bm≥!
Xm≥ alm-]-fin-X-\m-sW∂v bYm¿Y ]fin-X-∑m¿ Bsc-¶nepw ]d-
bm-dpt≠m? Xm≥ De-am-°-fpsS Iq´-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sm≥ `mKyw kn≤n-
®-h-\m-sW∂v auZqZn kmln_v kzbw Ah-Im-i-s∏-ń-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬
hmkvX-h-Øn¬ AXmWv At±-l-Øns‚ hnh-c-t°-Sn\pw Al-¥°pw
sXfn-hm-hp-I.
hna¿i-Is‚ as‰mcp {][m\ sXfn-hp-IqSn ImWpI: ""Abm-fpsS
D≤-c-Wn-bn¬\n-∂p-Xs∂ Abmƒ ]fin-X-\-s√∂v kΩ-Xn-°p∂
tcJ-Iƒ ho≠pw ImWpI: emtlm¿ sdbn¬th tÃj-\n¬sh®v
Abmƒ "Iuk¿' ]{X-{]-Xn-\n-[n-tbmSv ]d™ hnh-c-amWv Xmsg
tN¿°p-∂Xv:
""Rm≥ hmbn-°m≥ B{K-ln-®n-cp∂ an°Xpw hmbn-®p-Xo¿Øn-´p-
≠v. Ct∏mƒ Jp¿-B-\nse 26 Ppkv-Av hfsc AKm-[-ambn ]mcm-
bWw sNbvXp-I-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Bh-iy-amb t\m´p-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-bn-
´p-≠v. kqd-I-fpsS apJ-hp-c-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≠v. C\n shdpw X¿P-
abpw hymJym-\hpw Fgp-Xp∂ tPmen am{Xta _m°n-bp-≈q. lZo-
kns‚ an° {KŸ-ßfpw hmbn®p Xo¿Øn-´p-≠v. AXn-\m¬ t{ImUo-
I-cn-°p∂ tPmen Ct∏mƒ Xmc-X-tay\ Ffp-∏-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-I-
bm-Wv. Rm≥ Pbn-en¬sh®v ss__nfpw BZy¥w H∂v hmbn®v
Xo¿Øn- c n- ° - b m- W v . Cu hmb- \ - s Im≠v ss__n- f ns‚ bYm¿Y
ÿm\w F\n°v hy‡-ambn a\-n-em-°m≥ Ign-™n-cn-°p-∂p.''({]-
t_m-[\w, ]pkvXIw 2, e°w 10)
""]sØm-ºXv amkhpw Ccp-]Xv Znh-khpw sIm≠v Pbn-en¬ sh®p-
≠mb {]h¿Ø-\-ß-sf-∏‰n Iuk¿ {]Xn-\n-[n-tbmSv ]d™ ta¬
hm°p-I-fn¬\n∂pw F¥mWv {Kln-°m≥ Ign-bpI? 1950 sabv 30
hsc Jp¿-B≥ ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-bn´v t]mep-an-√mØ (4 Ppkv-Av _m°n
D≠v) a\p-jy≥ 1941-˛¬ ]q¿h ]fin-X-∑m-scbpw ^nJvlv {KŸ-ß-
sf-bp-sa√mw ssIsh-Sn™v X\n Jp¿-B-\n-s‚bpw kp∂-Øn-s‚bpw
ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Hcp ]pXnb ]≤Xn cq]o-I-cn-°pI F∂ C{µ-Pmew
km[n-®p-sh∂v ]d-bp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXv hntij _p≤n \in-®n-ń-√mØ
B¿°pw hniz-kn-°m≥ km[n-°-bn√ F∂-XmWv ]c-am¿Yw. GXm-
bmepw A_p¬ AAvem Hcp aX-]-fin-X-\√ F∂v ta¬ D≤-c-Wn-
I-fn¬\n∂pw kqcy{]Imiw t]mse sXfn-bp-∂-Xm-Wv.'' (Ckvemapw
auZqZn aZvl-_pw, t]Pv 18, 19)
24
hna¿i-I≥ D≤-cn® {]t_m-[-\-Ønse, "Ct∏mƒ Jp¿-B-\nse

26 Ppkv-A-v.. ]mcm-bWw sNbvXp-I-gn-™n-cn-°p∂p' F∂ `mKw am{Xta
Abm-fpsS {i≤ ]nSn®p ]‰n-bn-´p-≈q. Imc-Ww, AtX Abmƒ°v
th≠-Xp-≈q. "hfsc AKm-[-ambn' F∂pw, "Bh-iy-amb t\m´p-Iƒ
Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v, kqd-I-fpsS apJ-hp-c-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≠v, C\n
X¿P-abpw hymJym-\hpw Fgp-Xp∂ tPmen am{Xta _m°n-bp-≈q,
lZo- k ns‚ an° {KŸ- ß fpw hmbn- ® p- X o¿Øn- ´ p- ≠ v , AXn- \ m¬
t{ImUo-I-cn-°p∂ tPmen Ct∏mƒ Xmc-X-tay\ Ffp-∏-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-
cn-°-bm-Wv.' F∂pw a‰p-ap≈ hcn-Iƒ hna¿i-Is\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-
tØmfw A\m-h-iy-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Abmƒ Ah {i≤n-
t°≠ Imcy-an-√. F∂mepw \njv]-£-a-Xn-I-fmb hmb-\-°m¿°v a\-
n-em-Ipw, C∏-d-™Xv Jp¿-Bs‚ {]Ya ]mcm-b-Wtam ]T-\tam
A√. t\csØ \S-∂n-´p≈ ]T-\-Øn\p ]pd-ta, Jp¿-B≥ hymJym\w
cNn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Xøm-sd-Sp-s∏∂ \ne-bn¬ \S-Ønb Bg-Øn-ep≈
Bh¿Ø\ ]T-\-amWv F∂v. AXmWv "Bh-iy-amb t\m´p-I-sf-gp-
Xn, apJ-hpc Xøm-dm-°n. C\n X¿P-abpw hymJym-\hpw Fgp-Xp∂
tPmen am{Xta _m°n-bp≈q' F∂o `mK-ßƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv.
XpS¿∂p≈ Btcm-]Ww ckm-h-lhpw AXn-tesd kl-Xm-]m¿l-
hp-a-s{X. 1920-˛27 Ime-L-´-Øn¬ At±lw (au-em\m auZq-Zn) Iayq-
WnÃv {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´p-sh∂pw Iayq-Wn-k-hp-am-bp≈
{]kvXpX ImesØ _‘-sØ-°p-dn®v "A¬ apA-vX-a¿' D¿Zp-am-kn-
Isb D≤-cn-®p-sIm≠v 21-˛1-˛1960˛se N{µnI Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw
{]kvXpX Nn¥-I-fn¬\n∂v \msº-Sp-Ø-XmWv 1927-˛¬ At±lw Fgp-
Xnb "A¬Pn-lmZp ^n¬ Ckvemw' F∂ "{]Ya {KŸw' F∂pap≈
`mK-am-W-Xv. (P-am-AsØ Ckveman ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\-hpw, t]Pv
15-˛17)
Cu Btcm-]Ww ASn-ÿm-\-c-lnXw am{X-a-√, Akw-_‘w IqSn-
bm-Wv. Imc-Ww, 1920-˛27 Ime-ß-fn¬ Iayq-Wnkw C¥y-bn¬ Hcp
{]ÿm-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ {]N-cn-°p-Itbm hyh-ÿm-]nX {]h¿Ø-
\-ßƒ°p XpS°w Ipdn-°pI t]meptam sNbvXn-cp-∂n-√. 1930-˛-I-fn-
emWv C¥y- b n¬ Iayq- W nÃv ]m¿ń cq]o- I r- X - a m- b Xpw ]m¿ń
{]h¿Ø\w XpS-ßn-b-Xpw.
temI-Ønse BZysØ Iayq-WnÃv hnπhw djy-bn¬ \S-∂Xv
1917˛¬ am{X-am-Wv. AXn\v hfsc thKw Ae-sbm-en-I-fp-≠mb tIc-
f-Øn¬ Xs∂ B {]ÿm\w A[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Øm≥ XnI®pw 40
sIm√-sa-SpØp. At∏mƒ ]ns∂ C√mØ ]m¿ń {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-
ambn auZqZn _‘-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-ß-s\-bmWv? AXn\pw ]pdta 1919
apXte At±lw Jnem-^Øv {]ÿm-\-Øn-emWv {]h¿Øn-®p-t]m-
∂-Xv. 1920-˛¬ "XmPn's‚ FUn-‰-dm-bn. "A≥Pp-a≥ CB-\sØ \kv¿
_µms\ Ckvemw' (apkvenw_µn-Isf klm-bn-°m-\p≈ kwL-S-
25
\)-bpsS Poh-\m-Un-bm-bn-cp∂ XmPp-±o≥ kmln-_m-bn-cp∂p Cu ]{X-

Øns‚ DS-a. At±lw Hcp Iayq-Wn-Ãp-Im-cs\ ]nSn®v Hcn-kvem-anI
]{X- Ø ns‚ A[n- ] - c m- ° n- s b∂v hniz- k n- ° m- \ mcpw apXn- c p- s a∂v
tXm∂p-∂n-√.
1921-˛23 ImeØv C¥y-bnse B[n-Im-cnI ]finX kwL-S-\-bm-
bn-cp∂ "PwC-ø-Øp¬ De-amtb lnµn's‚ Iogn-ep≈ "apkvenw' F∂
]{X-Øns‚ -F-Un-‰-dm-bn-cp∂p auem\m auZqZn. CtX L´-Øn¬
At±lw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp∂ as‰mcp Imcyw U¬ln-bnse {]i-
kvX-cmb hnhn[ Kpcp-\m-Y-∑m-cn¬\n∂v Ckvem-anI hnj-b-ß-fn¬
Db¿∂ Adnhv t\Sp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p''. 24-˛¬ U¬ln-bn¬ Xncn-s®-Øn-
b- t ∏m- g mWv auem\m apl- Ω - Z en Pul¿ lwZ¿Zv ]{X- Ø ns‚
{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Xs∂ \bn-°m≥ auZq-Zn-tbm-Sm-h-iy-s∏-´-Xv-˛1925-
˛¬ PwC-ø-Øp¬ De-amsb lnµns‚ Xs∂ Iogn¬ "A¬Pw-C-øØv'
F∂ ]{Xw XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ AXns‚ ]{Xm-[n-]-cmbn \nb-an-X-\m-
bXpw auZqZn Xs∂. B ÿm\w 1928 Ah-km\w hsc XpS-cp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. At∏mƒ PwC-ø-Xp¬ De-amsb lnµn-s\-t∏m-ep≈ Hcp
{]_e ]fin-X-kw-L-S\ AXn-s‚ c≠v ]{X-ß-fpsS B[n-]Xyw
Hcp Iayq-Wn-Ãp-Im-cs\ Gev]n-®p-sht∂m auem\m apl-Ω-Zen Hcp
Iayq-Wn-Ãp-Im-cs\ klm-b-Øn\v hnfn-®p-sht∂m! AXpw Hcp ]{Xw
\-S-Øm≥! hna¿i-\-Ønse _men-iX hy‡-am-°m≥ C{Xbpw Ipdn-
®p-sh∂p am{Xw. "A¬apA-vX-a¿' ]{X-Øn¬\n∂v "N{µnI' D≤-cn®p
F∂-XmWv hna¿i-Is‚ sXfn-hv. H∂m-a-Xmbn "A¬ap-A-vX-a¿' Hcp
Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]{Xta A√ F∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw. N{µn-I-bn¬ AXm-
cmWv FSp-sØ-gp-Xn-b-sX∂v hna¿i-I≥ hyIvXam-°p-∂p-an-√. Xs∂-
t∏mep≈ F{X henb Pam-AØv hntcm-[nbpw Bhm-at√m N{µn-I-
bn¬ AXp D≤-cn-®-bmƒ.
"A¬Pn-lmZp ^n¬ Ckvemw' F∂ {KŸw(1928) cNn-°m≥ {]tNm-
Z\w Cu Iayq-WnÃv Nn¥-bm-sW∂ I≠p]nSnØw Gsd ckm-hlw
Xs∂. Cu "Iayq-Wn-Ãp-Im-c≥' \mfn-Xp-hsc temIØv \S∂ {][m\
bp≤-ßsf Hcp ka{K ]T-\-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-°p∂p; F∂n´v Ah-
bn¬ Ckvem-ans‚ ta¬hn-em-k-Øn¬ \S∂ bp≤-ß-fpsS hyXn-cn-
‡X sXfn-bn-®p-Im-´p∂p; F{X henb Ckvemw hntcm-[n-sbbpw ASn-
®n-cp-Øp∂ coXn-bn¬ Ckvem-ans‚ bp≤-ho-£-WsØ \ymbo-I-cn-
°p∂p; Jp¿-B\pw {]hm-N-I-N-cybpw temI-kw-`-h-ßfpw sXfn-hp-I-
fm-bp-≤-cn-°p-∂p. tIƒ-°m≥ lc-ap≈ Hcp Xami F∂-√msX Cu
Btcm-]-W-sØ-∏‰n F¥p ]d-bm≥!
F∂m¬ Cu {KŸ-c-N-\°v auZq-Znsb {]tNmZn-∏n® bYm¿Y Imc-
W-sa-¥m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂-dn-bp-tºm-gmWv hna¿i-I-≥amcpsS \µn-tI-Sns‚
Bgw a\-n-em-hp-I.
1920-˛-I-fn¬ U¬ln Ppam-a-kvPn-Zn¬ PpapA \a-kvIm-cm-\-¥cw
26
auem-\m apl-Ω-Z-en-bpsS {]kwKw \S-°pI ]Xn-hm-Wv. Bbn-c-°-

W-°n¬ t{imXm-°-fn¬ Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂p sNdp-∏-°m-c-\mb auZq-Zn.
Ckvem-an\pw apkvenw-Iƒ°p-sa-Xn-cn¬ sslµh t\Xm-°-∑mcpw ]{X-
ßfpw Btcm-]-W-ßƒ Agn-®p-hn-´p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Hcp Ime-am-bn-cp∂p
AXv. AXn¬ Akz-ÿ\mb auem\m apl-Ω-Zen lrZ-b-kv]r-°mb
`mj-bn¬ ]d™p: ""GsX-¶n-ep-samcp ssZh-Zm-k≥ lnµp-°-fpsS
Btcm-]-W-ßƒ°v adp-]-Sn-bmbn Ckvem-ans‚ bYm¿Y "PnlmZv'
ho£Ww P\-ßƒ°p apºn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬!''
Cu hm°p-I-fmWv CØ-c-samcp {KŸ-c-N-\°v auZq-Znsb t{]cn-
∏n-®Xv. "A¬Pn-lmZp ^n¬ Ckvemw' F∂ Xe-s°-ń¬ A¬Pw-C-
ø-Øns‚ Xmfp-I-fn-emWv AXv BZy-ambn shfn-®w-I-≠-Xv. Ccp-]-
Øn-\mep e°-ß-fn¬ Jfi» {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. hnjb ssh]peyw
ImcWw {KŸ-cq-]-Øn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-XmWv \√-sX∂v I≠
teJ-I≥ ]{X-Øn-ep≈ AXns‚ {]kn-≤o-I-cWw \ndp-Øn-sh-®p.
Aßs\ aq∂p sIm√sØ \nc-¥c ]T\ Kth-j-W-ßƒ°p tijw
1928-˛¬ AXns‚ BZy-]-Xn∏v ]pd-Øp-h-∂p. AA-vkw-K-Unse "Zmdp¬
apk-∂nô'\mbn-cp∂p {]km-[-I¿. C¥y-bnse ⁄m\-hr-≤-\m-bn-
cp∂ auem\m kønZv kpsse-am≥ \Zvhn-sb-t∏m-se-bp≈ ]fin-X
t{ijvT-∑m-cmWv B {]km-[-\m-e-b-Øns‚ Xe-∏-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
{KŸw Ckvem-ans‚ i{Xp-°sf sXs√m-∂p-a√ A¶-em-∏n-em-°n-
b-Xv. ]m°n-kvYm≥ Pam-AsØ Ckvem-ansb hna¿in® Iq´-Øn¬
P¿a≥Im-c-\mb "tPm¨ en ImIvkv' {]kvXpX ]pkvX-I-sØ-∏‰n
1952- ˛ ¬ C{]- I m- c - s a- g pXn: ""auZq- Z n- b psS AwKo- I r- X - t bm- K y- X bpw
]mfin-Xyhpw Kpcp-X-c-amb A]-I-S-Im-cn-bm-Wv. \√-h-sc∂v a\-n-
em-°-s∏-Sp∂ At±-l-Øns‚ Pam-A-Øp-Im¿ Jp¿-B-\ns‚ hn[n-hn-
e-°p-I-fn¬ ISpw-]n-Sn-Ø-ap-≈-hcpw Bfl-Xym-K-Øn\v k∂-≤-cp-ambn
Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ah¿ bmsXmcp hn´p-ho-gvN°pw Xøm-d-√. auZq-Zn-bpsS
kp{]-[m\ IrXn-bmb "A¬Pn-lmZp ^n¬ Ckvemw' Nne ]m›m-
Xy≥ \ncq-]-I-cpsS ho£-W-Øn¬ ln‰ve-dpsS {]kn≤ {KŸ-amb
"Meinkamf' t\mSv kmayw hln-°p∂ H∂m-Ip-∂p. apk¬am≥am¿°v
Bth-ihpw hnIm-tcm-tØ-P-\hpw \evIp∂ kma-{Kn-Iƒ AXn¬ [mcm-
f-ap-≠v.'' (D-≤-cWw: A_p¬ AA-vem, t]Pv 45)
alm- I hn A√mam apl- Ω Zv CJv _ m¬ {]kv X pX {KŸsØ
Cßs\ hmgvØp∂p: ""Ckvem-ans‚ PnlmZp kn≤m-¥hpw bp≤-˛-k-
am-[m\ \nb-a-ßfpw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ Hcp-Øa IrXn-bm-Wn-Xv. Cu
IrXn hmbn-°p-hm≥ Adn-hp≈ Hmtcm a\p-jy-t\mSpw Rm≥ ip]m¿i
sNøp-∂p.'' (A-_p¬ AA-vem, t]Pv: 45)
"A¬Pn-lmZp ^n¬ Ckveman's‚ cN-\bv°v tlXp-hm-bn-Øo¿∂
kml-N-cy-sØ-∏‰n auZqZn B ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Bap-J-Øn-se-gp-Xn-
b-Xns‚ cXv\-®p-cp°w ChnsS Ipdn°s´:
""Ckvem-an-s\-Xn-cn¬ ]m›m-Xy¿ Agn-®p-hn´ AXn-Kp-cp-X-c-amb
Btcm-]-Ww, AXv kz¥w A\p-bm-bn-Isf c‡-s°m-Xn-b-∑mcpw
27
sIme-bm-fn-I-fp-am°n am‰p-∂p-sh-∂-Xm-Wv. ]m›m-Xy-cpsS ]uc-kvXy-

tZ-i-Øp≈ kwkvIr-X-cmb ASn-a-Iƒ°p am{X-a-√, Iptd-sbms°
Zo\n-t\mSv Iqdp ]pe¿Øp-∂-h¿°p-t]mepw Ckvem-anse bp≤-ß-sf-
°p-dn®v ]d-bp-∂Xpw tIƒ°p-∂Xpw Atcm-N-I-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-
∂p. AXns\ \ymbo-I-cn-s®-gp-Xp-∂-h-cn¬ Xs∂ an°-hcpw {]Xn-tcm-
[-Øns‚ t]mepw \ne-hn´v Hcp-Xcw £am-]-W-kz-c-amWv kzoI-cn®p
ImWp-∂-Xv. C°m-c-W-ß-fm-se√mw Cu hnjbw kw_-‘n®v Hcp
{KŸw cNn-°-W-sa∂v Xocp-am-\n®ncp-∂p-sh-¶nepw ]‰nb kµ¿`w
ImØn-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Rm≥.
""\n¿`m-Ky-Øn\v A°m-eØv Hcp kw`-h-ap-≠m-bn. 1926 Unkw-_-
dn¬ "kzman {i≤m-\-µ≥' h[n-°-s∏-´p. AXns‚ t]cn¬ ]nSn-Iq-S-s∏-
´-tXm, Hcp apkvenapw. lnµp h¿Ko-b-hm-Zn-Iƒ Ah-kcw ]mgm-°n-bn-
√. Ah¿ \∂mbn apX-se-Sp-Øp. Xs‚ aX-Øns‚ i{Xp-hm-sW∂v
ImWp-I-bm-emWv B apkvenw "kzman {i≤m-\-µs\' sIm∂-sX∂pw
"Im^ndn's\ sIm∂m¬ kz¿Kw In´p-sa∂ Ckvem-ans‚ A[ym-]-\-
amWv Abmsf AXn\v t{]cn-∏n-®-sX∂pw Ah¿ {]N-cn-∏n-®p. h[-
Øns‚ bYm¿Y ImcWw ssZh-Ønt\ Adn-bq. apkvenw ]fin-X-
∑m-cp-sSbpw kap-Zmb t\Xm-°-fp-sSbpw ]{X-ß-fp-sS-bp-sa√mw {]Jym-
]-\-ap-≠m-bn´pw Ah¿ Xr]vX-cm-bn-√. apkvenw kaq-lsØ am{X-a-
√, Ckvem-an-s\-Ø-s∂bpw {]Xn-°q-ń¬ Ib-‰m-\mWv Ah¿ {ian-®-
Xv. Jp¿-B-\nI \nb-a-ßƒs°-Xnsc apgp-h-\m-fp-Ifpw cwK-Øn-d-ß-
W-sa∂pw A√m-Ø-]£w AXv kam-[m-\-`w-K-Øn\v Imc-W-am-hp-
sa∂pw hsc Ah¿ hmZn-®p. Ckvem-an-s\-∏‰n Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn-®-dn™
tij-ap≈ Hcp {]kvXm-h-a-√m-Xn-cp-∂n-´p-IqSn ]e-cpw, \njv]-£-a-Xn-
I-fmb D∂X hy‡n-Iƒ t]mepw, Ckvem-ans\ sX‰n-≤-cn-°m≥ AXp
Imc-W-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. Km‘nPn FgpXn: ""Xocp-am-\-Øns‚ _ew
hmfm-bn-°-≠n-cp∂ Hcp kml-N-cy-Øn-emWv Ckvemw ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-
Ø-Xv. C∂pw AXv hmƒX-s∂-bm-Wv.''
""kml- N cyw A{Xbv ° v hj- f m- s b∂v t_m[y- a m- b - t ∏m- g mWv
C\nbpw ]‰nb kµ¿`-Øn-\p-th≠n ImØn-cn-°msX Cßs\ Hcp
]pkvX-I-sa-gp-Xm≥ Rm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-b-Xv.''
CØ-c-samcp \n¿WmbI L´-Øn¬ F√m-hcpw Ad®p \n∂-t∏mƒ
Ckvem-ans\ {]Xn-tcm-[n-°m≥ k[ocw aptºm´p hcn-Ibpw Gh-cp-
sSbpw {]iwk ]nSn-®p-]-‰nb Cu al¬ {KŸw cNn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX
al- Ø mb tkh\w Ckv e mw hncp≤ Nn¥- b n¬\n∂v {]tNm- Z - \ -
apƒs°m≠v sNbvX-Xm-sW∂ {]kvXmhw Gsd {Iqc-a-s{X.
"\nbmkv ^Ø-lv]qcn'bpam-bp≈ _‘-amWv {]ÿm\ cq]o-I-
28
c-W-Øn\v auZq-Znsb t{]cn-∏n-®-sX∂ as‰m-cm-tcm-]Ww IqSn hna¿i-

I- ∑ m¿ D∂- b n- ° m- d p- ≠ v . auZq- Z nbpw ^Ø- l v ] q- c nbpw XΩn- e p≈
kulr-Z-amWv Ah¿ sXfn-hmbn FSp-Øp-Im-´p-∂Xv: ""C°m-eØv
\nbmkv ^Ø-lv]q-cn-bp-ambn F\n°v kplr-Zv_-‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
At±-l-hp-am-bp≈ kl-h¿Øn-Xzhpw {]tNm-Z-I-ambn `hn-®p'' F∂
auZq-Zn-bpsS {]kvXm-h-amWv hna¿i-I-∑m¿ Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂-Xv. kmln-
Xy-cw-KØv X\n°v {]tNm-Z-I-ambn `hn® LS-I-ßƒ GsXm-s°-bm-
sW∂v hnh-cn® Iq´-Øn-emWv auZq-Zn, ^Ø-lv]q-cn-sb-∏‰n ]cm-a¿in-
®-Xv. AXv hna¿i-I-∑m-cpsS Iøn¬ Inń-b-t∏mƒ {]ÿm\ cq]o-I-c-
W-ambn amdn. auZqZn Fgp-Xp∂p:
(Fgp-Xm\pw Bhn-jvI-cn-°m-\p-ap≈ Ignhv {]IrXn F\n°v \¬In-

bn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]c∂ hmb-\-bn¬\n∂v AXn\v {]tNm-Z\w e`n-®p.
CtX ImeØv \nbmkv ^Ø-lv]q-cn-bp-ambn F\n°v kulr-Z-_-
‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-hp-am-bp≈ kulr-Zhpw {]tNm-Z-I-ambn `hn-
®p.) (Bknw \pA-vam-\n-bpsS Xk-∆p^v Hu¿ XA-vaosd kod-Øv,
Akv-AZv Koem-\n-bpsS auem\m auZq-Zn)
kmln-Xy-c-N-\-bv°p≈ {]tNm-Z\w {]ÿm-\-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn-\p≈
{]tNm-Z-\-am-bn-Øo¿∂-Xnse ssI{Inb _lp-tIaw Xs∂!
F∂- X nse "Xlv c oIv ' I≠v hna¿i- I ≥ sX‰n- ≤ - c n®Xmhmw.

Aßs\ "{]tNm-Z\ tlXp' F∂Xv "{]ÿm-\-cq-]o-I-cW'ambn!
êtam Kpcp-X-c-hpw.
CXp Ipń- ° m- e sØ Imcyw. A°m- e sØ ^X- l v ] q- c nbpw
29
]n¬°m-esØ ^Xlv]q-cnbpw XΩn¬ hf-sc-tbsd A¥-c-ap-≠m-

bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw. BZy-Im-eØv ^X-lv]qcn Ckvem-
an-t\mSv {]Xn-_-≤X ]pe¿Øp∂ Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. lmky-
km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ Xm¬]cyw ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw samØ-Øn¬
Ckvem-anI h¿W-ambncp∂p At±-l-Øn¬ anI-®p-\n-∂-Xv. Ckvem-
anse amXrIm h\n-X-I-sf-°p-dn®v A°m-eØv At±lw "klm-_n-
ømØv' F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp ]pkvX-I-sa-gp-XpI t]mep-ap-≠m-bn. ^X-
lv]qcn ]n¬°m-eØv ssZh-\n-tj-[-Ønepw a‰pw AI-s∏-´p-t]m-bn-´p-
≠v F∂Xp icn-X-s∂. F∂m¬ "\nbmkv ^Ø-lv]qcn' , auZq-Zn-
bn¬ BZ¿i-X-e-Øn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw kzm[o\w sNep-Øn-bn-cp-∂p-
sh-∂-Xn\v bmsXmcp sXfn-hp-ap-≤-cn-°m≥ hna¿i-I¿°v km[n-®n-ń-
√. km[n-°p-I-bp-an-√. 1933-˛¬, Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bpsS cq]o-I-c-
W-Øn\pw F´v h¿jw apºv, ^Ø-lv]q-cn-bpsS ho£Ww Jfin-
®p-sIm≠v "X¿Pp-am-\p¬ Jp¿-B≥' amkn-I-bpsS Pqembv e°-Øn¬
auem\m auZqZn Fgp-Xnb teJ\w "X≥Jo-lm-Øn'¬ C∂pw tcJ-
s∏-´p-In-S-°p-∂p-≠v. "XP-±pZvIm Nut_≥' F∂ Xe-s°-ń-ep≈ B
teJ\w Hcm-hrØn-sb-¶nepw hmbn-®p-t\m-°m≥ hna¿i-I-tcmSv hn\o-
X- a mbn A`y¿Yn- ° p- ∂ p. H∏w Jp¿- B s‚ Cu imk\ Dƒs°m-
≈m\pw!
""kXy- h n- i zm- k n- I - t f, h√ Xmt¥m- ∂ nbpw h√ hm¿Øbpw
sIm≠p-h-∂m¬ hni-Z-ambn At\z-jn-®-dn-bp-I. Ahn-thIw ImcWw
GsX-¶nepw P\-hn-`m-KsØ \nßƒ \mi-ta-ev]n-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\m-WXv.
]ns∂ sNbvX-Xn-s\-s®m√n tJZn-t°-≠n-h-cpw.''(A¬lp-Pp-dmØv 6)
c≠v
30
Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bpsS BZ¿iw

hn a¿i-I≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bpsS ÿm]-I-t\-
Xmhv A_p¬ AAvem auZq-Zn-bm-Wv. {]kvXpX {]ÿm-\-°m¿ B[n-
Im-cnI sXfn-hmbn C∂pw kzoI-cn-®p-h-cp-∂Xv At±-l-Øns‚ {KŸ-
ß-fp-am-Wv.''(P-am-AsØ Ckveman ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\-hpw, t]Pv
15)
Pam-A-Øp-Im-cpsS B[n-Im-cnI sXfnhv auZq-Zn-bpsS {KŸ-ß-
fm-sW∂ hmZw XnI®pw hymP-am-Wv. A√mlp Cd-°n-Ø∂ hnip≤
Jp¿-B\pw \_n (k) ImWn-®p-X∂ kp∂Øpw Ckvem-ans‚ a‰-\p-
_‘ {]am-W-ßfpw Xs∂-bmWv Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bpsSbpw
sXfn-hp-Iƒ. C°mcyw Pam-A-Øns‚ `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ Xs∂ Ak-
µn-Kv[-ambn {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≠v. Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bn¬ Hcmƒ°v
AwKXzw e`n-°m-\p≈ D]m[n Abmƒ AXns‚ `c-W-L-S\ AwKo-
I-cn-°-W-sa-∂-Xm-Wv. kwL-S-\-bpsS am{X-a√ AXnse AwK-ß-fp-
sSbpw {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v AwKo-Im-c-tbm-Ky-amb am\-Z-fi-ßƒ A√m-
lp-hns‚ {KŸhpw apl-ΩZv \_n(-k)-bpsS Ncybpw am{X-am-Wv.
"C¥y≥ Pam-AsØ Ckveman `c-W-L-S\' JfinI: 3˛¬ ]d-bp∂p:
""Cu hkvXpX (ap-lΩZv [-k] A√m-lp-hns‚ dkq-em-sW-∂-Xns‚
hnh-£) {Kln®p AwKo-Icn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Xmsg ]d-bp∂ kwK-Xn-
Iƒ a\p-jys‚ ta¬ A\n-hm-cy-ambnØocp-∂p.
1. apl-ΩZv (k) Xncp-ta-\n-bn¬\n-∂p-≈-sX∂v sXfn™ F√m
in£-W-\n¿tZ-i-ß-sfbpw \ncp-]m-[n-I-ambn kzoI-cn-°p-I.
3. ssZh-Zq-X-t‚-sXm-gn®v a‰m-cp-sSbpw kzX-{¥-amb t\Xr-Xzhpw
am¿K Z¿i-\hpw AwKo-I-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw, a‰p a\p-jysc ]n¥p-S-
cp-∂Xv A√m-lp-hns‚ InXm-_n\pw dkq-ens‚ kp∂-Øn\pw hnt[-
b-am-bn-´-√msX Ah c≠n¬\n∂pw kzX-{¥-am-bn-s°m-≠m-hm-Xn-cn-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-I.
6. ssZh-Zq-Xs\ A√msX bmsXmcp a\p-jy-s\bpw kXy-Øns‚
am\-Z-fi-am-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw as‰m-cm-sfbpw hna¿i-\m-Xo-X-\mbn
31
KWn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw bmsXm-cm-fp-sSbpw am\-kn-Im-Sn-a-Ø-Øn¬

IpSp-ßm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw A√mlp \n›-bn® CtX ]cn-]q¿W am\-
Zfiw sIm≠v Hmtcm-cp-Ø-scbpw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw AX-\p-k-cn®p
B¿ GXp ]Z-hn-bn-emtWm Ahsc AtX ]Z-hn-bn¬ sh°p-Ibpw
sNøp-I.''
"Pam-AsØ Ckveman: e£yw, am¿Kw' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬
]d-bp∂p:
""Zo\n¬ h√Xpw Ipd-°p-hmt\m Iq´p-hmt\m Rßƒ B{K-ln-
°p-∂n-√. Aßs\ sNbvXn-´p-an-√. Jp¿-B-\n-s\bpw kp∂-Øn-s\bpw
Rß-fpsS hm°n\pw {]hr-Øn-°p-ap≈ km£m¬ Ah-ew-_-ambn
Rßƒ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p. Rß-fpsS Adnhpw _p≤n-bp-a-\p-k-cn®v
Rßƒ°p th≠-sX√mw Ah c≠n¬\n∂pw Xs∂-bmWv Rßƒ
Ic-ÿ-am-°p-∂-Xv. Rß-fpsS h√ kwK-Xnbpw B am\-Z-fi-Øn\v
\nc-°m-Ø-Xm-sW∂v B¿s°-¶nepw A`n-{]m-b-ap-s≠-¶n¬ AXp
Rßsf [cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Rß-f-hsc Blzm\w sNøp-∂p. ssZhm-
\p-{K-l-Øm¬, \nan-j-t\cw sshIn-°msX kXyw kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥
Rßƒ kZm k∂-≤-cm-sW∂v am{X-a-√, kXyw Rß-fpsS apºn¬
Xpd-∂p-sh-°p-∂-h-tcmSv Ft∏mgpw Rßƒ \µn-bp-≈-h-cp-am-bn-cn-°pw.
AtX Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Hcp kwKXn hy‡-am-°msX Xc-an-√. AXm-
bXv Rß-fpsS h√ kwK-Xn-sbbpw Bt£-]n-°p-∂Xv sXfn-hns‚
ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bn-cn-°-Ww. A√msX P\-ßƒ Aßs\ ]d-bp-
∂p, {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xv Rß-fpsS ASp-°¬ bmsXmcp sXfn-
hp-a-√.''(t]Pv 56)
auZq-Zn°v A{]-am-ZnXzw Iev]n-°p-∂-h-scm-∂p-a√ Pam-A-Øp-Im¿.
]d-™Xv auZq-Zn-bm-b-Xp-sIm≠p am{Xw sX‰mbncn°p-sa∂v hn[n-sb-
gp-Xm≥ Ah¿ k∂-≤-cpa-√. D∂-X-\mb ]fin-X\pw ]cn-jvI¿Ømhpw
Ckvem-anI Nn¥-I-\p-amb auZqZnbpsS ]e A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw Pam-
AØv AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ AXv auZqZn ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p F∂-
Xp-sIm-≠-√, kwKXn {it≤-bhpw Jp¿-B-\n\pw kp∂-Øn\pw tbmPn-
°p-∂-Xp-am-sW∂p t_m[y-ap-≈-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv.
aq∂v
{]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS ]m]-kp-c-£n-XXzw
""{]hm-N-I-∑m¿ aA-vkq-ap-Iƒ-˛-]m-]-kp-c-£n-X¿˛ BsW∂v hniz-kn-
°p-∂-h-cmWv apkvenw-Iƒ. Pam-A-Øp-Im-cm-I-s´, Aºn-bm-°-fpsS
]m]-kp-c-£n-XXzw \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. Pam-A-Øns‚ ÿm]-I-
t\-Xm-hv, auem\m auZqZn {]hm-N-I≥am¿ ]m]w sNøp-sa∂v ]d-
32
™n-cn-°p-∂p.''
Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-s°-Xn-cn¬ D∂-bn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Kpcp-X-c-amb
Btcm-]-W-ß-fn-sem-∂m-Wn-Xv. auZq-Zn-bpsS Xs∂ Hcp D¿Zp-hm-Iy-
amWv hna¿i-I¿ sXfn-hp-≤-cn-°mdv; AXn\v Ah¿ \evInb ]cn-`mj
CXmWv:
""A√m-lp-X-Be Icp-Xn-°qń F√m {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ \n∂pw Nne
ka-b-ß-fn¬ Ahs‚ kwc-£Ww Db¿Øn-s°m≠v H∂pw c≠pw
Ip‰-ßƒ sNøn-°p-∂p. P\-ßƒ Ahsc {kjvSm-hm-sW∂v a\-n-
em-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw a\p-jy-sc∂v {Kln-°p-Ibpw sNøm≥ th≠n-
bmWv A√mlp AXv sNøp-∂-Xv.''(X-^vlo-am-Øv, hmfyw 2, t]Pv
43)
kz¥w A¿Y-I-ev]\ \evIpI am{X-a-√, AXp \ncq-]Ww \S-
ØpI IqSn sNøp∂p hna¿i-I≥am¿:
""Ckvem-ans‚ DZv`hw apX¬ Hcmfpw D∂-bn-®n-ń-√mØ Hcp hmZ-
am-Wn-Xv. Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬ Pam-A-Øns‚ hnizmkw "CkvaØv'
(]m- ] - k p- c - £ n- X - X zw) Aºn- b m- C s‚ ZmØn(- k z- X x- k n- ≤ w)- b mb
KpWhpw Hcp ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-bnepw Ahsc hn´p-]n-cn-bm≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-
Xp-am-sW-∂m-Ip-∂p... D≤rX Bb-Øp-Iƒ hnk-va-cn®v a\p-jy-cm-sW∂v
P\-ßƒ {Kln-°m-\mbn Ah-cpsS CkvaØv Db¿Øp∂p F∂mWv
auZq-Zn-bp-sS hmZw. a\p-jy-cn¬ PmX-cm-bn, a\p-jy-cq-]-Øn¬ ]q¿W-
cm-b, a\p-jy-kz-`m-h-tØm-Sp-IqSn DÆp-I, Dd-ßp-I, hnhm-l-_-‘-
Øn¬ G¿s∏-SpI XpSßn F√m hn[ kwK-Xn-Ifpw D≠m-bn´pw Ah¿
a\p-jy-cm-sW∂v _p≤n-bp≈ krjvSn-I-fn¬ h√-hcpw {Kln-°p-∂n-
s√∂v h∂m¬ Xs∂ AXp sXfn-bn-°m≥ a\p-jys\ A[-a\pw \oN-
\p-am-°p∂ ]m]-ßƒ {]h¿Øn-∏n®v sX‰n-≤m-cW Zqco-I-cn-°p-I-sb-
∂Xv Hcp apkven-ans‚ t]\-bn¬\n∂v Fßs\ ]pd-s∏-´p-sh-t∂m¿Øv
AZv`p-X-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥ \n¿hm-l-an√.'' (Pam-AsØ Ckveman ho£-
Whpw hna¿i-\-hpw, t]Pv 23, 24)
hna¿iIs‚ hmZ-ßƒ BZym-h-km\w A_-≤-am-Wv. Ckva-Øv-˛-
]m-]-kp-c-£n-X-Xzw˛ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS "ZmØn-bmb' AYhm kØm-
]-c-amb KpW-am-sW∂pw bmsXmcp Imc-W-h-imepw AX-hsc hn´-
I-em≥ ]mSn-s√-∂p-am-Wt√m Alvep-p-∂-Øns‚ t]cn¬ hna¿i-
I¿ hmZn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
F∂m¬ Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬ Pam-A-Øn\v Aßs\ Hcp hnizm-
kta C√ F∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw. apA-vX-kn-ep-I-fpsS hnizmkw
Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬ Pam-A-Øn-t‚-Xmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv
hna¿i-I-\n-hnsS sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
{]hm-N-I≥am¿ ]m]-kp-c-£n-X-cm-Wv. AXp-]-t£, ZmØn(-k-Øm-
]-cw) A√, ssZhm-\p-{K-l-amWv F∂-Xs{X Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬
* ASn-hc {KŸ-Im-c-t‚-Xv.
33
Pam-A-Øns‚ hnizm-kw. Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:
(\n\°p \mw ssÿcyw \evIn-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ Aev]mev]w \o Ah-

cn-te°p Nm™p-t]m-tb-t\.)
Camw dmkn Cu Jp¿-B≥ hmIysØ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂p:
(]m]-kp-c-£n-XXzw ssZhm-\p-{Klw H∂p-sIm≠p am{Xw e`n-°p-∂-

Xm-sW-∂p≈ hmZw km[q-I-cn-°m≥, "\n\°v \mw ssÿcyw \evIn-
bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ Aev]mev]w \o Ah-cn-te°v Nm™p-t]m-tbt\'
F∂p≈ ssZh-hm-Iy-amWv \ΩpsS Bfp-Iƒ sXfn-hm-bp-≤-cn-®n-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. Ah¿ ]-d™p: A√m-lp-hns‚ ÿnco-I-cWw e`n-®n-ń-√m-
bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ {]hm-N-I≥ kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS am¿K-Øn-te°v hgp-
Xn-t∏m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. \nw-i-bw, apl-ΩZv (k) Zo\n-t\m-Sp≈ {]Xn-
_-≤-X-bpsS Imcy-Ønepw hnizm-k-Øns‚ Xnf-°-Ønepw a‰m-sc-
°mfpw {]_-e≥ Xs∂. kXy-\n-tj-[-Øn¬ \n∂pw am¿K-{`w-i-Øn¬
\n∂pw kpc-£n-X-\m-bn-cn-°m≥ Ahn-S-tØ°v km[n-°p-∂Xv A√m-
lp-hns‚ klm-bhpw ]n≥_-ehpw sIm≠p am{X-am-sW∂v Ah≥
Xs∂ hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. At∏mƒ ]ns∂ a‰p-≈-h-cn¬ CtX
Bi-b-Øn-\p≈ kw`-hyX IqSp-X¬ A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cn-°p-a-t√m.)
("X^vko-dp¬ I_o¿' hmfyw 5, t]Pv 425)
{]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS ]m]-kp-c-£n-XXzw A√m-lp-hns‚ {]tXy-Im-
\p-{K-l-am-sW∂pw AXmWv Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬ Pam-A-Øns‚
hnizm-k-sa∂pw Camw dmkn-bpsS taep-≤-cn® hmIy-Øn¬\n∂pw
hy‡-am-Ip-∂p. ]m]-kp-c-£n-XXzw "ZmØn'bmsW∂v hna¿i-I≥
]d™ hmZw apA-vX-kn-en-I-fp-tS-Xm-sW∂v dmkn Xs∂ XpS¿s∂-gp-
Xp-∂p. AXv Alvep-p-∂-Øns‚ hnizm-k-Øn\v hncp-≤-hp-am-Wv.
{]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS ]m]-kp-c-£n-X-XzsØ (C-kva-Øv)-°p-dn®v
Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬ Pam-AØv AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p≈ hnizmkw AtX-
]Sn Pam-AØpw AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. {]hm-N-I≥amsc kw_-‘n®v
Pam-AsØ Ckveman-bpsS ho£Ww F¥m-sW∂v AXns‚ `c-W-
L-S-\-bpsS aq∂mw Jfin-I-bn¬ C{]-Imcw hy‡-am-°n-bn-´pap≠v:
""Cu BZ¿i-Ønse c≠mw `mK-Øns‚, AXm-bXv apl-Ω-Zv(-
34
k) A√m-lp-hns‚ dkq¬ BsW-∂-Xns‚ hnh-£, km£m¬ "aA-

v_qZpw' {]]-©-Øns‚ A[n-]-Xn-bp-amb A√m-lp, `qhm-kn-I-fmb
a\p-jy¿°m-I-am\w Jnbm-a-Øp-\mƒ htc-°p≈ Hcp {]mam-WnI am¿K-
\n¿tZ-i-]-{Xhpw ]cn-]q¿W Pohn-X-]-≤-Xnbpw sImSp-Ø-b®v, B
\n¿tZ-iØn\pw ]≤-Xn°pw A\p-k-cn®v {]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠v, Hcp
]cn-]q¿W Pohn-X-am-XrI kwÿm-]n-°p-hm≥ \ntbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ A¥y-
{]-hm-N-I≥ apl-Ω-Zv(-k) Xncp-ta\n BsW-∂m-Ip-∂p.''
C∏-d-™-Xns‚ hnh£ hni-Zo-I-cWw 6˛¬ Cßs\ hmbn°mw:
""ssZh-Zq-X-s\-b-√msX bmsXmcp a\p-jy-s\bpw kXy-Øns‚
am\-Z-fi-am-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw as‰m-cm-sfbpw hna¿i-\m-Xo-X-\mbn
KWn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw, bmsXm-cm-fp-sSbpw am\-kn-Im-Sn-a-Ø-Øn¬
IpSp-ßm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw A√mlp \n›-bn® CtX ]cn-]q¿W am\-
Zfiw sIm≠v Hmtcm-cp-Ø-scbpw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw AX-\p-k-cn®v
B¿ GXv ]Z-hn-bn-emtWm Ahsc AtX ]Z-hn-bn¬ sh°p-Ibpw
sNøp-I.''
{]hm-N-I≥ ]cn-]q¿W amXr-Ibpw kXy-Øns‚ Htc-sbmcp am\-
Z-fihpw hna¿i-\m-Xo-X-\p-am-hpI F∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw Ahn-S∂v ]m]-
kp-c-£n-X-\m-hp-I-sb-∂p-X-s∂-bm-W-t√m. sX‰p ]‰m-Ø-hsc am{Xta
kXy-Øns‚ am\-Z-fi-am-°m≥ ]‰p-I-bp-≈q. CXv shdpw hymJym\w
am{X-a√. auZqZn kmln_v Fgp-Xp∂p:
""F√m alm-∑m-scbpw BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-
≠Xv Zo\n¬ \n¿_-‘-am-sW∂v Pam-AsØ Ckveman a\-n-em-
°p-∂p. F∂m¬ {]hm-N-I-∑m-sc-b-√msX a‰m-scbpw AXv ]m]-kp-c-
£n-X-Xz-ap-≈-h-cmbn a\-n-em-°p-∂n-√.''(Iym Pam-AsØ Ckveman
lJv]¿sl?')
Cu hnj- b - I - a m- b p≈ auZqZn kmln- _ ns‚ hy‡n- ] - c - a mb
ho£Ww F¥m-sW-∂p-IqSn ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. At±lw Fgp-Xp∂p:
""{]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS ]m]-kp-c-£n-XXzw Hc-Sn-ÿm\ Imcy-am-sW-
∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√.* Ahsc \ntbm-Kn-®-h≥ Xs∂ \ap-s°-√m-
h¿°pw apºv Ah-cpsS ]m]-kp-c-£n-XXzw ÿmbn-bm-sW∂v {]Jym-
]n- ® - X m- W v . F∂m¬ Xm≥ ]nSn- I q- S p- I tbm, DW¿Øn- ° p- I tbm
sNbvXXpw ]e {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬\n-∂p-ambn kw`-hn-®-Xp-amb A]m-
I-X-Iƒ ssZhw Ahs‚ Xs∂ hnip≤ {KŸ-Øn¬ hnh-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. A]m-I-X-Iƒ AXoh \nmcßfm-bm¬ t]mepw
AXn¬ P\-ßƒ {]hm-N-I-∑msc ]n¥p-S-cm≥ kwK-Xn-bm-hm-Ø-hn[w
bYm- k - a bw Ahsc Xncp- Ø p- ∂ p- s ≠∂ Bizm- k hpw A√mlp
\ap°v \evIp-∂p-≠v. {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬\n∂v A]m-I-X-Itfm A`n-{]m-
bm-_-≤-ßtfm Hs° kw`-hn-°m-sa∂pw AØcw A]m-I-X-I-fn¬
AYhm A_- ≤ - ß - f n¬ Ah¿ F∂pw \ne- s Im- ≈ p- I - b n- s √∂pw
Ahsc Xncp-Øp∂ Imcyw A√mlp Gs‰-Sp-Øn-´p-s≠∂pw \nZm-\-
35
im-kv{X-Im-c-∑m¿ Ah-cpsS IrXn-I-fn¬ hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-ap-≠v.''(X¿Pp-

am-\p¬ Jp¿-B≥, e°w 3, da-Zm≥ 1375)
{]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS ]m]-kp-c-£n-X-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v auem\m auZq-
Zn-bp-sSbpw Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bpsSbpw bYm¿Y \ne-]mSv CXm-
sW-¶n¬ ]ns∂ hna¿i-I-∑m¿°v Fß-s\-bmWv Cß-s\-sbm-cm-tcm-
]-W-ap-b¿Øm≥ Ign-™-sX-∂t√? Ah¿°-Xn-\m[mcw X^vlo-am-
Ønse Hcp hmIy-am-Wv. AXn\v Ah¿ \evIp∂ A¿Yw hna¿i-
Is‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬\n-s∂-Sp-ØXv \mw D≤-cn-®p-h-t√m. X^vlo-am-
Ønse {]kvXpX `mKhpw AXns‚ icn-bmb ]cn-`m-jbpw C{]-Im-
c-amWv:
(A√mlp apgp-h≥ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬\n∂pw h√-t∏mgpw Dt±-iy-]q¿hw

kz¥w kwc-£-W-ap-b¿Øn-bn´v Ht∂m ct≠m ]mI-∏ng kw`-hn-°m≥
A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p. F¥n-\p-th≠nsb∂m¬ temIw {]hm-N-I-∑msc
ssZh-sa∂v [cn-®p-h-im-h-cp-Xv. Ahcpw a\p-jy-cm-sW∂pw ssZh-a-
s√∂pw a\-n-em-°-Ww.) (X-^vlo-amØv, hmfyw 2, t]Pv 43)
aqe-Ønse F∂ ]Z-Øn-\mWv "]mI-∏ng' F∂v ChnsS
A¿Yw sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. "sX‰v' F∂s{X hna¿i-I¿ AXn\v
\evInb A¿Yw. D¿Zp-hn¬ "]mI-∏ng' F∂ A¿Y-Øn-emWv Cu
]Zw s]mXpth D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cm-dv. Npcp-°-Øn¬, Btcm-]-W-Øn\v
hna¿i-I¿°p≈ GIm-h-ew_w auem\m auZqZn D]-tbm-Kn® ]Z-
Øn\v Ah¿ kzbw \evInb sX‰mb A¿Y-am-Wv. A√msX auZq-
Zntbm Pam-AtØm {]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS ]m]-kp-c-£n-X-XzsØ \ntj-
[n-®tXm X≈n-∏-d-™tXm A√.
""a\p-jys\ A[-a\pw \oN-\p-am-°p∂ ]m]-ßƒ {]h¿Øn-∏n®v
sX‰n-≤m-cW Zqco-I-cn°p''sa∂v auZqZn ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw a‰pw
Fgp-Xn-bXv ISpØ {Iqc-X-bm-Wv. {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ tZtl-—-bn¬\n∂v
ap‡-cm-bn-cn-°p-I-bn-s√∂v ]d-bp∂ Hcp [n°m-cn-bmbn At±-lsØ
Nn{Xo-I-cn-®Xpw A{]-Imcw Xs∂. Icp-Xn-°qń Ip‰-ßƒ sNøn-°p-
∂p-sh∂ ]cn-`mj IqSnbm-b-t∏mƒ ]ns∂ hna¿in-°m≥ CSw hew
t\mt°≠ Bh-iy-an-√m-Xm-bn.
auem\m auZq-Zn-bpsS apI-fn¬sIm-SpØ hmIy-ß-fn¬ \n∂v c≠v
Imcy-ßƒ hy‡-am-hp-∂-XmWv:
1. {]hm-N-I≥am¿ ]m]-kp-c-£n-X-cm-Wv. AXv auen-I-{]m-[m-\y-
ap≈ Imcy-am-Wv.
2. {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬\n∂v h√-t∏m-gp-sams° ]mI-∏n-g-Iƒ kw`-hn-
36
°mw. ]t£, A√mlp DS≥Xs∂ AXp Xncp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpw.

CXp auZq-Zn-bpsS am{Xw A`n-{]m-b-amtWm? ]q¿h-Ime ]fin-
X-∑m¿ CXp-kw-_-‘n®v F¥p ]d-bp∂p? \ap°p ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.
Alvepp-∂Øn h¬ Pam-A-Øns‚ AJo-Z(-B-Z¿iw)bpsS
{KŸ-amb "id-lp¬ AJm-CZn'¬ ]d-bp∂p:
(C\n sNdnb sX‰p- I - f psS Imcy- a m- s W- ¶ n¬ `qcn- ] - £ m- ` n- { ]mb

{]Imcw AXp t_m[-]q¿hw-Xs∂ kw`-hn-°mw. Pp∫m-bnbpw A\p-
bm-bn-Ifpw CXn\v FXn-c-`n-{]mbw {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. Ah ad∂p kw`-
hn-°m-sa-∂-Xn¬ A`n-{]m-bm-¥-c-an-√. AXp-]-t£, Hcp-]nSn `£Ww
tamjvSn-°p-I, Af-hntem Xq°-Øntem Hcp aWn [m\yw Ipd-bv°pI
XpSßnb lo\-XzsØ Ipdn-°p-∂-h-bm-h-cp-sX∂p am{Xw. Ah-bpsS
Imcy-Øn¬ {]hm-N-I≥am¿ Xncp-Ø-s∏-SWw F∂ Hcp-]m-[n-IqSn ]d-
bp-∂p≠v, kq£va-⁄-cmb ]fin-X-∑m¿. CX-{Xbpw {]hm-N-I-Xz-
Øn\v tij-ap≈ Imcy-am-Wv.) (i-d-lp¬ AJm-C-Zv, t]Pv 103)
Cu D≤-c-Wn-bn¬\n∂v Xmsg ImWn® Imcy-ßƒ hy‡-am-hp∂p:
1. ad-∂p-sIm-≠-√m-sX-Øs∂ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬\n∂v sNdnb ]m]-
ßƒ kw`-hn-°m-sa-∂mWv Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬ Pam-A-Øns‚ `qcn-
]£w ]fin-X-∑mcpw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. apA-vX-kn-en-Iƒ CXn-t\mSp tbmPn-
°p-∂n-√.
2. ad-∂p-sIm≠v {]hm-N-I-\n¬\n∂v sNdnb sX‰p-Iƒ kw`-hn-
°m-sa-∂-Xn¬ ]fin-X-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬ A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-an-√.
3. sX‰p ]‰n-bm¬ A√mlp DSs\ Ahsc DW¿Øp-sa∂pw Ah¿
X¬£Ww AXp Xncp-Øp-sa∂pw kq£va-⁄m-\n-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p.
AØcw Imcy-ß-fn¬ {]hm-N-I-∑msc ]n¥p-S-cm≥ CS-h-cm-Xn-cn-°m-
\m-Wn-Xv.
idlp apkven-an¬ Camw \hhn Fgp-Xp∂p:
37
(P\-ßƒ BZw, \qlv F∂n-hcpw A√m-Ø-h-cp-amb {]hm-N-I-∑msc

sN∂p ImWp-sa∂pw Ah-tcmSp ip]m¿i-bv°m-h-iy-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw
At∏mƒ Rßƒ AXn\p tbmKy-c-s√∂p ]d™v kz¥w sX‰p-Iƒ
G‰p ]d-bp-sa∂pw hnh-cn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ {]hm-N-I-hmIyw Ah-km\w
hsc..... Adn-bpI; I¿a-im-kv{X-Im-c-∑mcpw \nZm\ imkv{X-Im-c-∑mcpw
a‰p-am-bp≈ ]fin-X-∑m¿ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬\n∂v ]m]-ß-fp-≠m-Imtam
F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ `n∂m-`n-{]m-b-ap-≈-h-cm-Wv... Ah-cn¬\n∂v AX-
√mØ sNdnb sX‰p- I ƒ kw`- h n- ° mtam F∂Xp kw_- ‘ n®pw
Ah¿°v A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ap-≠v. ap≥Km-an-Ifpw ]n≥Km-an-I-fp-amb
I¿a-im-kv{X-Im-c-∑mcpw lZokv hnim-c-Z-∑mcpw ssZh-im-kv{X-Im-c-
∑m- c p- a - S - ß p∂ ]fin- X - ∑ m¿ an°- h mdpw F√m- h cpw Xs∂ Ah-
cn¬\n∂v Ah kw`-hn-°m-sa∂v A`n-{]m-b-ap-≈-h-cm-Wv. Jp¿-B-\nepw
kp∂-Øn-ep-ap≈ _mly-]-cm-a¿i-ß-fmWv Ah¿°m-[m-cw.) (i¿lp
apkvenw, hmfyw 3, t]Pv 53-˛55)
Cu D≤-c-Wn-bn¬\n∂v hy‡-am-hp-∂Xv CXmWv: Nne Bb-Øp-
Ifpw lZo-kp-Ifpw B[m-c-am°n {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬\n∂v Nn√d sX‰p-
Isfms° kw`-hn-°m-sa∂v ^pJ-lm-°fpw apl-±n-kp-Ifpw ssZh-im-
kv{X-Im-c-∑m-cp-a-S°w _lp-`q-cn-]£w ]fin-X-∑mcpw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-
Sp-∂p.
]‰nb sX‰n¬ XpS¿∂pw \ne-sIm-≈p-I-bn-s√-¶n¬ t]mepw {]hm-
N-I\v CPvXn-lm-Zn¬ ]ng-°m-sa-∂mWv l\-^n-I-fpsS {]_-em-`n-{]m-
b-sa∂v _ZJvin id-lp¬ an≥lm-Pn¬ ]d-™-Xmbn lmin-b-Øp¬
AØm¿ F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ ImWp∂p:
38
(id-lp¬ an≥lm-Pn¬ _ZJvin hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p: l\-^n-I-

fpsS {]_-em-`n-{]mbw {]hm-N-I\v ˛A-t±lw sX‰n¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-
I-bn√ F∂-tXm-sSm-∏w-X-s∂˛ CPvXn-lm-Zn¬ sX‰p-]-‰m-sa-∂m-Wv.
\_n(-k) _Zvdnse _µn-I-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ A\p-N-c-∑m-cp-ambn IqSn-
bm-tem-N\ \S-Øn. tamN-\-aqeyw hmßn Ahsc hn´-b-°-W-sa-∂m-
Wv A_q-_-°¿(-d) A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´-Xv. Da¿(-d) A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´-Xm-Is´
Ah-cp-sS-sbms° Igp-Ø-dp-°-W-sa∂pw. A_q-_-°-dn(-d)s‚ A`n-
{]m-b-amWv {]hm-N-I\v icn-bmbn tXm∂n-b-Xv. Ahn-S∂v AXw-Ko-I-
cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. At∏m-gmWv "A√m-lp-hns‚ t\c-sØ-bp≈ hn[n
C√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬' F∂v XpS-ßp∂ kq‡w Ah-X-cn-®-Xv. AXm-b-
Xv, eulp¬ alv^qfn¬ t\csØ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb A√m-lp-hns‚
hn[n-bn-√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬˛ CPvXn-lm-Zn¬ ]ng® Bscbpw in£n-°m-
Xn-cn-°pI F∂-Xm-W-Xv˛ tamN-\-aqeyw hmßpIbpw h[w ths≠∂v
sh°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xns‚ t]cn¬ \nßsf ISpØ in£ _m[n-
°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu L´-Øn¬ {]hm-N-I≥ ]d-bp-I-h-sc-bp-≠mbn:
\sΩ in£ _m[n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Da¿ am{Xta c£-s∏-Sp-I-bp-
≈q.' CPvXn-lm-Zn¬ Ahn-S-tØ°p sX‰m-sa-∂-Xns‚ {]I-S-amb sXfn-
hs{X CXv.) (hmfyw 2, t]Pv 426)
l\ô ]fin-X-\mb A√mam A_vZp¬ Akokv _pJmcn "Kmb-
Øp-Ø-lvJoJv id-lp¬ lpkmam' F∂ IrXn-bn¬ Fgp-Xp∂p:
({]hm-N-I≥am¿ h≥]m-]-ß-fn¬\n∂v kpc-£n-X-cm-sW-∂mWv s]mXp-

hn¬ ]fin-X-∑mcpw apkvenw km[m-c-W-°mcpw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-
Xv. sNdp-]m-]-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Ah¿ kpc-£n-X-cmWv F∂s{X \Ωp-
sS-bm-fp-I-fpsS ]£w. Aiv-A-cn-I-fn¬ Nne¿°v CXn¬ A`n-{]m-bm-
¥-c-ap-≠v. ]mI-∏n-g-I-fn¬\n∂v ]t£ Ah¿ kpc-£n-X-c-√.)(-hmfyw
1, t]Pv 198)
39
(]mI-∏n-ghv kw`-hn-®m¬ H∏w-Xs∂ AXv hy‡-am-°p∂ ]cm-a¿ihpw

D≠m-hm-Xn-cn-°n-√. Nne-t∏mƒ sNbvX Bƒ Xs∂-bmhpw AXv hy‡-
am-°p-∂-Xv. tIm]v‰nIv hwi-Ps\ apjvSn Npcpń CSn®p sIm∂Xv
kw_-‘n®v "CXv ]nim-Nns‚ ]Wn-bmsW'∂v aqkm(-A) Xs∂ ]d-
™-Xmbn Jp¿-B≥ D≤-cn-®Xv DZm-l-c-Ww. a‰p Nne-t∏mƒ A√mlp
Xs∂-bmhpw AXp hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. "BZw, \mYs\ [n°-cn-°p-
Ibpw AXp-hgn sX‰p sNøpIbpw sNbvXp' F∂p≈ A√m-lp-hns‚
hmIyw DZm-l-c-Ww.) (hmfyw 1, t]Pv 198)
Cu D≤-c-Wn-I-fpsS Bibw Cßs\ kw{K-ln°mw:
1. Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬ Pam-A-Øn¬ Aiv-A-cn-Iƒ A[n-I-]-
£hpw sNdp-tZm-j-ß-fn¬\n∂v {]hm-N-I≥am¿ kpc-£n-X-c-s√∂v
A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cm-Wv.
2. {]hm-N-I≥am-cn¬\n∂v sNdp-tZmjw t]mepw kw`-hn-®p-Iq-sS∂v
]d-bp∂ ]fin-X-∑m¿ Xs∂bpw Ah¿°v ]mI-∏n-g-hp-Iƒ kw`-hn-
°m-sa∂p Xs∂-bmWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
3. {]hm-N-I\v CPvXn-lm-Zn¬ sX‰p-]-‰m-sa-∂mWv l\ô ]£w.
4. {]hm-N-I-∑m¿°v ]mI-∏n-g-hp-Iƒ kw`-hn-°p-I-bn-s√∂v apkvenw-
I-fn-emcpw ]d-bp-∂n-√.
5. h√ ]mI-∏n-ghpw kw`-hn-®m¬ DS≥ A√mlp Ahsc DW¿Øp-
Ibpw Ah¿ AXp Xncp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpw.
"A¬^n-Jvlp¬ AIv_¿' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Camw A_q-
l-\o-^(-d) ]d-bp∂p:
({]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬\n∂v ]mI-∏n-g-Ifpw sX‰p-Ifpw kw`-hn-®n-´p-≠v.)

AXm-b-Xv, {]hm-N-IXz ]Zhn {]I-S-amhpw aptºm ZuXy-Øns‚ hnin-
jvS-KpWw ÿnc-s∏´ tijw Xs∂-bptam Ah¿ \ne-sIm-≈p∂
40
AXyp-∂X ÿm\-ßfpw {]`m-hm-h-ÿ-I-fp-ambn Xpe\w sNøp-tºmƒ

kw`-hn-°m≥ ]mSn-√m-bn-cp∂ hogvN-Ifpw ]mI-∏n-g-Ifpw Nne {]hm-
N-I-∑m-cn¬\n-s∂-¶nepw kw`-hn-®n-´p-≠v. hr£-Øn¬\n∂v ]gw ]dn®p
Xn∂p-I-hgn BZ(-A)-an\v kw`-hn-®Xv DZm-l-c-Ww. AXv hnkvar-Xn-
bm-tem, \n›-b-Zm¿Vy-an-√m-bva-bmtem, "Cu hr£sØ kao-]n-°-
cpXv ' F∂p≈ ssZh- h m- I y- Ø n¬ kqNn- ∏ n® \ntcm- [ nX hr£w
sIm≠p≈ hnh£ Hcp {]tXy-I hr£-am-Wv, AtX C\-Øn¬s]´
a‰p hr£-ßƒ Dt±-iy-a√ F∂p [cn-®-Xn-\mtem Hs° BIm-hp-∂-
Xm-Wv. GXm-bmepw B {]tXyI hr£-Øn¬\n-∂√; AtX-bn\w
hr£-Øn¬\n∂v At±lw ]gw ]dn-®p-Xn-∂p. a\p-jys‚ Zu¿_-
eyhpw ]m]-]-cn-lm-c-Øns‚ ssZhn-I-i-‡nbpw {]I-S-am-hpI F∂p≈
ssZhn- I - b p- ‡ n- b s{X AXn- e - S - ß n- b n- ´ p- ≈ - X v . ) (A¬^n- J v l p¬
AIv_¿ [ap√m Aen-øp¬ Jmcn Fgp-Xnb hni-Zo-I-c-W-a-S°w] t]Pv
55)
C\n auZqZn ]d-™n-´p-≈-Xp-IqSn tN¿Øp hmbn-°pI:
(A√mlp apgp-h≥ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬\n∂pw h√-t∏mgpw Dt±-i-]q¿hw

kz¥w kwc-£-W-ap-b¿Øn-bn´v Ht∂m ct≠m ]mI-∏ng kw`-hn-°m≥
A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p. F¥n-\p-th-≠n-sb-∂m¬ temIw {]hm-N-I-∑msc
ssZh-sa∂v [cn-®p-h-im-h-cp-Xv. Ahcpw a\p-jy-cm-sW∂pw ssZh-a-
s√∂pw a\-n-em-°-Ww.) (X-^vlo-am-Xv, hmfyw 2, t]Pv 43)
{]hm-N-I≥am¿ kZm A√m-lp-hns‚ kwc-£-W-bn¬ Ign-™p-
Iq-Sp-∂-h-cm-Wv. h√-t∏mgpw A√mlp Dt±-i-]q¿hw B kwc-£Ww
\o°p-tºm-gmWv Ah-cn¬\n∂v GsX-¶nepw ]mI-∏ng kw`-hn-°p-∂-
Xv. Cßs\ ]mI-∏ng kw`-hn-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xn-ep≈ bp‡n
P\-ßƒ Ahsc Znhy-Xz-Øn-te°v Db¿Øp-∂Xv XS-bp-I-bm-Wv. C{X-
bp-amWv auZqZn ]d-™-Xns‚ BI-Øp-I. "id-lp¬ AJm-CZv',
"idlp apkv e nw', "lmin- b - X p¬ AØm¿', "Kmb- X p- Ø - l v J oJv ' ,
"A¬^n-Jvlp¬ AIv_¿' F∂o {KŸ-ß-fn¬ ]d-™-Xn-\-∏pdw
F¥mWv auZqZn CXn¬ ]d- ™ n- ´ p- ≈ Xv? AXns‚ t]cn¬
auZqZnsbbpw Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-sbbpw {]Xn-°q-ń¬ Ib-‰m-sa-
∂m-sW-¶n¬ AtX Imcyw ]d™ ]q¿h-Ime ]fin-X-∑msc am{Xw
Hgn®p \n¿-Øm≥ F¥mWv ImcWw? Cu "Ip^v¿ ^Xvh' Ah¿°p-
IqSn _m[-I-am-t°≠n hcnt√? F¶n¬ ]ns∂ BcmWv apkvenw-I-
fmbn _m°n-bp-≠m-hpI?
]mI-∏ng kw`-hn-°m-sa-∂m-sW-¶n¬ AXw-Ko-I-cn-°m≥ kaqlw
41
apgp-h≥ _m[y-ÿ-cm-hnt√? F∂ hna¿i-I-∑m-cpsS tNmZy-Øn\v

]q¿h-Ime ]fin-X-∑m¿ Xs∂ adp-]Sn ]d-™n-´p-≠v. ""A∏-t∏mƒ
A√mlp Ahsc DW¿Øpw. Ah¿ AXp Xncp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpw.''
auZqZn kmln_pw ]d-™Xv AXp-X-s∂.''
(Ah- c n¬\n∂v AXo- h - \ n- m- c - a mb ]mI- ∏ ng h√Xpw kw`- h n-

®m¬Xs∂ hlvbv aptJ\ AXv DS-\Sn Xncp-Øp∂p; {]hm-N-Is‚
sX‰v samØw kaq-l-Øns‚ hyXn-bm-\-Øn\v Imc-W-am-hm-Xn-cn-
°m≥.) (d-km-C¬ h akm-C¬, hmfyw,1 , t]Pv 25˛1965)
C\n, hna¿i-\-Øn-\m-[m-c-amb hmIyw auZqZn kmln_v GXp
kµ¿`-Øn-emWv ]d-™-sX-∂p-IqSn Adn-™n-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. \ΩpsS
X^vko¿ {KŸ-ß-fn¬ tcJ-s∏´p InS-°p-∂Xpw ]fin-X-∑m¿ aX-
{]-kw-K-ß-fn¬ kabw sIm√m\pw Bfp-Iƒ°v lcw-]-I-cm-\p-ambn
FSpØp ]d-bm-dp-≈-Xp-amb l{kØv ZmhqZv \_n-bp-ambn _‘-
s∏´ Hcp IY-sb-s®m√n X¿Pp-am-\p¬ Jp¿-B≥ amkn-I-bpsS hmb-
\-°m-cn-sem-cmƒ D∂-bn® tNmZy-sØ-Øp-S¿∂v, B hnj-b-Øns‚
\m\m-h-i-ßƒ N¿® sNbvXp-sIm≠v At±lw Fgp-Xnb kmam\yw
kpZo¿L-amb Hcp teJ-\-Øns‚ HSp-hn-ep≈ sNdn-sbmcp hmIy-
amWv hna¿i-I≥ D≤-cn-®-Xv. ZmhqZv \_n ]m]w sNbvXp F∂Xv
Zpcm-tcm-]Ww am{X-am-sW∂pw alm-\mb B {]hm-N-I-\n¬\n∂v
Aßs\ kw`- h n- ° m- h - X - s √∂pw hy‡- a m- ° nb tijw At±- l -
Øn¬\n∂v kw`-hn-®n-cn-°m-\n-S-bp≈ Hcp ]mI-∏n-g-hns‚ kmwKXyw
hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv auZq-Zn-km-ln_v X^vlo-am-Xn¬ sNbvXn-´p-≈-
Xv. A√msX hna¿i-I≥ sX‰n-≤-cn-∏n°pw hn[w {]hm-N-I-∑msc
Ip‰-hm-fn-Ifpw ]m]n-I-fp-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-b-√.
auZqZn kmln-_ns‚ as‰mcp hmIyw hna¿i-I≥ D≤-cn-°p-∂Xv
C{]-Im-c-amWv: ""as‰m-cn-SØv auZqZn Fgp-Xp∂p: an° ka-b-ß-fnepw
Aºn-bm-C\v t]mepw hnIrX XSn-bpsS Ih¿®-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ `bw
t\cn-Sp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv alm-\mb ZmhqZv \_n(-A)-tbmSv Hcn-
°¬ DW¿Ø-s∏-´Xv: \nßƒ C—sb ]n≥]-‰-cp-Xv, A√m-lp-hns‚
am¿K-Øn¬\n∂v AXp \nßsf sX‰n-®p-I-f-bpw.''(X-^vlo-am-Øv,
hmfyw 1, t]Pv 163).
""Fs¥mcp [n°m-c-am-WnXv? Aºn-bm-Av (an° ka-b-ß-fn-epw)
tZtl-—-bn¬\n∂pw kpc-£n-X-c-s√∂v hcp-tºmƒ "dkq¬ \nßƒ°p
42
sIm≠p-h-∂-Xns\ apdpsI ]nSn-°p-I-bpw Ahn-S∂v hntcm-[n-®-Xns\

h¿Pn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI' (-kqdx liv¿) F∂ hmN-I-Øn¬\n∂v Cu
]d-™Xv Hgn-®p-\n¿tØ≠n hcn-Ibnt√? Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂-sX√mw
hnIrX XSn-bpsS t_m[-\-Øm¬ As√-∂-Xn\v F¥v sXfn-hm-Wp-
≈Xv? "AXv Ahn-Sp-tØ°v t_m[\w \evI-s∏-Sp∂ hlvbv A√m-
sX-b√'(kqdx \Pvav) F∂ kq‡sØ ]c-ky-ambn [n°-cn-°-tem,
am‰n-a-dn-°tem F¥mWv auZqZn Dt±-in-®-sX∂v Bc-dn™p? '' (P-am-
AsØ Ckveman: ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\-hpw, t]Pv 24, 25)
a\p-jy\v k∑m¿K-e-_v[n°p ssZhn-I-\n¿tZiw e`n-°pI A\n-
hm-cy-am-sW∂pw AXv kz¥w a\-\-Øn-eqsS Is≠-Øm-hp-∂-X-s√∂pw
a\p-jy-sc∂ \ne°v {]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS t]mepw Ahÿ adn-®-s√∂pw
AXmWv Ahsc A{]-Imcw DW¿Øm≥ Imc-W-sa∂pw hnh-cn-°p-
I-bt{X hna¿i-I≥ kqNn-∏n® `mKØv auZqZn kmln_v sNbvXn-cn-
°p-∂-Xv.
sX‰p-]-‰n-tb-°ptam F∂v `b-°p-∂-Xp-t]mepw ]m]-kp-c-£n-X-Xz-
Øn\v FXn-cm-bn-Øo-cp-sa-¶n¬ {]hm-N-I≥ ssZh-`-b-an-√m-Ø-h-\m-
sW∂v ]d-tb-≠n-h-cpw. AXm-h-s´, Jp¿-B-\n\pw {]hm-N-I-hm-Iy-
Øn\pw FXn-cm-Wp-Xm-\pw. alm-\mb bqkp-^v(-A) ]d-™-Xmbn Jp¿-
B≥ D≤-cn-°p∂p:
""Rm≥ kzbw \nc-]-cm-[nXzw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Xo¿®-bmbpw
a\v Xn∑ sNøm≥ h√msX t{]cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw, Fs‚ \mY≥
A\p-{K-ln-®-h-cp-tS-sXm-gn-sI.''(bq-kp^v 53)
hne- ° - s ∏´ I\n ]dn- ® p- X n- ∂ - t ijw BZw (A) {]m¿Yn- ® p:
(\m-Ym, Rßƒ kz¥-tØm-Sp-Xs∂ AXn-{Iaw sNbvXp-
t]m-bn.) (A¬-A-A-vdm^v 23)
{]t_m-[\ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-\n-Sbv°v A\p-hm-Z-an-√msX \mSp-hn-t´m-
Snb bq\pkv \_n(- A )bpw Aß- s \- Ø s∂ {]m¿Yn- ° p∂p:
(Rm≥ AXn-{I-an-I-fn¬ s]´p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.) (A¬
Aºn-bm-Av 87)
At∏mƒ tZtl-—-°-Sn-s∏´v hgn-sX-‰n-t∏m-hptam F∂v {]hm-N-
43
I≥am¿ `b-∂n-cp-∂p-sh∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ Xs∂-bm-

Wv . Jp¿- B s‚ {]kv X m- h - \ - I - s fbpw C°q- ´ ¿ "[n°mc'ambn
ImWptam Ft¥m?
C\n ZmhqZv \_n(-A)tbmSp≈ A√m-lp-hns‚ \n¿tZiw F¥m-
bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Jp¿-B≥ hnh-cn-®Xv IqSn {i≤n-°pI:
(Zmhq-Zv, \mw \ns∂ Cu \mń¬ {]Xn-\n-[n-bm-bmWv \n›-bn-®n-´p-≈-

Xv. AXn-\m¬ P\-ßƒ°n-S°v \oXn-]q¿hw Xo¿∏p Iev]n-°p-I.
C—sb ]n≥]-‰n-t∏m-h-cp-Xv. A√m-lp-hns‚ am¿K-Øn¬\n∂v AXv
\ns∂ hgn-sX-‰n-°pw.)
{]hm-N-I≥ ssZh-a-s√∂pw a\p-jy≥ am{X-am-sW∂pw t_m[yw
hcm≥ Cßs\ A]m-IX kw`-hn-°-W-sa-∂pt≠m; DÆp-I, Dd-ßp-
I, hnhmlw sNøpI F∂n-XymZn am\p-jnI Imcy-ßƒ Xs∂ [mcm-
f-at√ F∂mWv tNmZyw.
{]hm-N-I≥am¿ a\p-jy-cm-sW∂v t_m[y-s∏-Sm≥ Ah¿ sX‰p
sNbvtX ]‰q F∂mWv auZqZn ]d-™n-´p-≈-sX-¶n¬ Cu tNmZy-Øn\v
{]k-‡n-bp-≠v. Aßs\ Hcp hmZw auZqZn D∂-bn-®n-ń-√. adn-®v, ZmhqZv
\_n(-A)-sb-°p-dn®v ]cm-a¿in-®-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øn¬\n-∂p-≠m-b,
{]Xy-£-Øn¬ {]hm-N-I-Xz-Øns‚ atlm-∂-X-]-Z-hn-tbmSv s]mcp-Ø-
s∏-SmØ Hcp kw`-hsØ hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ {ian-°pI am{X-amWv
At±lw sNbvX-Xv. B hni-Zo-I-cWw kzoIm-cy-a-√m-Ø-h¿°p a‰v
\ymboI-c-W-ßƒ Is≠-Øp-hm-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw Bcpw \ntj-[n-
®n-ń-√. GXp X^vko-dn\pw thZ-hm-Iy-Øn-s\-∂-t]mse A{]-am-ZnXzw
Iev]n-°p∂ hna¿i-I\pw a‰pw {]hm-N-I-∑m-sc-°p-dn®v X^vko¿
{KŸ- ß - f n¬ hnh- c n- ® n- ´ p≈ ]e- X cw sI´p- I - Y - I ƒ°p \ev I p∂
\ymbo-I-cWw F¥m-Wmthm?
{]hm-N-I-∑mcpw a\p-jy-cm-sW∂v kqNn-∏n-°p∂ {]tbm-K-ßƒ
Jp¿-B-\nepw {]hm-NI hmIy-ß-fnepw [mcm-f-ambn ImWm-hp-∂-
XmWv:
(]d-bpI \nß-sf-t∏mse Hcp a\p-
jy≥ am{X-amWv Rm≥.)
(Rm-s\mcp a\pjy≥ am{X-amWv. \nßƒs°-∂-t]mse F\n°pw

adhn ]‰pw.) (l-Zo-kv)
C\n hna¿i-I-\-S-°-ap-≈-h¿ Xß-fpsS Z¿kp-I-fn¬ ]Tn-∏n-®p-h-
cp∂ "k\qkn' F∂ InXm-_n¬ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS Ah-ÿ-sb-°p-
44
dn®v ]d-™n-´p-≈Xp IqSn D≤-cn-®p-sIm≠v Cu A[ymbw Ah-km-\n-

∏n-°p-I-bmWv:
(tcmKhpw AXp-t]m-ep-≈-Xp-amb am\p-jn-Im-h-ÿ-Iƒ {]hm-N-I-∑m-

cp-sSbpw ZqX-∑m-cp-sSbpw ]Z-hn°v Aev]hpw tIm´w Xń-°p-∂n√ F∂
Imcyw hy‡-am-Wv. F∂√ ]pWy-I¿aw, £a BZn-bmbn XpS¿∂p-
h-cp∂ kwK-Xn-Iƒ°p≈ {]Xn-^-e-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw IqSn IW-
°n-se-Sp-°p-tºmƒ Ah IqSp-I-bmWv sNøp-I. {]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS
kXy-k-‘-Xbv°pw Ah¿ A√m-lp-hn-\m¬ \nbp-‡-cmWv F∂Xn\pw
Ah¿ aptJ\ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ Aam-\pj kw`-h-ßƒ, Ahsc kXy-
s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ah≥(A-√m-lp) krjvSn-®-Xm-sW∂pw D≈-Xns‚ {]_-
e-amb sXfnhpw AXn-ep-≠v. Imc-Ww, B Aam-\pj kw`-h-ßƒ
krjvSn-°m≥ Ah¿°m-hp-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ tcmKw, hni-∏v, thZ-\, NqSv,
XWp∏v F∂n-XymZn {]hm-N-IXzw e`n-®n-ń-√mØhcn¬ ]e¿°pw
c£-t\-Sm≥ Ign-bp∂ eLp-hmb Imcy-ß-sf-¶nepw _m[n-°msX
t\m°m≥ Ah¿°v Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Zp¿_e _p≤n-I-tfm-Sp≈ Imcp-
Wyhpw AXn-e-S-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. {]hm-N-I≥am¿°p am{X-am-bp≈ Aam-
\pj kw`-h-ßƒ ImWp-tºmƒ Ah-cn¬ Znhy-Xz-ap-s≠∂v hniz-kn-
°m-Xn-cn-°m-\m-W-Xv.) (k-\q-kn)
\mev
Jp¿-B\pw s{]m^-kdpw
""Jp¿-B\v GsX-¶nepw X^vko-dns‚ Bh-iy-an-√. D∂X ÿm\o-
b-\mb Hcp s{]m^-k¿ aXn.'' auZq-Zn-bpsS "X≥Jo-lmØv' F∂
IrXn-bnse Cu hmIy-amWv hºn® hna¿i-\-Øn\v hnt[-b-amb
as‰mcp A]-cm-[w. hna¿i-I-cn-sem-cmƒ ]d-bp∂p:
45
""auZqZn Xs‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSv D]-tZ-in-°p-∂Xv ImWpI:

Ckvem-ans‚ Deq-ap-Iƒ AXns‚ ]q¿h-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬\n∂p AtX-{]-
Imcw kzoI-cn-°-cp-Xv. AXn¬\n∂v ]n¬°m-e-°m-cpsS tN¿Ø-ep-Iƒ
th¿s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v Ckvem-ans‚ kpÿn-c-amb ASn-ÿm-\-ßƒ,
bYm¿Y hnizm-k-ßƒ, hyXym-k-s∏-Sp-ØmØ \nb-a-ßƒ F∂nh
kzoI-cn-°mw. Jp¿-B-s‚bpw lZo-kn-s‚bpw ]T-\-ßƒ k¿h-Xn-s\-
°mfpw ap≥K- W - \ m¿l- a - s {X. ]t£, X^v k o- d n- s ‚bpw lZo- k n-
s‚bpw ]q¿h-I-e-h-d-bn¬\n-∂p-am-h-cp-Xv''(X≥Jo-lm-Xv, t]Pv 133).
X^vko-dn-s‚bpw lZo-kn-s‚bpw ]q¿h-⁄m-\-sa-∂m¬ H∂pw c≠pw
\q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ Fgp-X-s∏-´-h-bm-W-t√m. Ahsb B[m-c-am-°n-bmWv
]n∂oSv Je^pw (]n≥Km-an-Iƒ) X^vko-dp-Iƒ t{ImUo-I-cn-®n-´p-≈-
Xv. Ah-sb-°p-dn-®mWv auZq-Zn-bpsS D≤rX {]kvXm-h-\... F∂m¬
DØa \q‰m-≠p-Im-cm¬ hnc-Nn-X-amb {KŸ-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°m≥ ]mSn-
s√-∂mWv auZqZn aXw... auZqZn ]d-bp∂p: X^vko-dn-s‚bpw lZo-kn-
s‚bpw hymJym-\-ß-fpsS ]pcm-X\ {KŸ-ßƒ Rm≥ hmbn-®n-´p-≠v.
F∂m¬ B[p-\nI ImesØ imkv{X-hn-⁄m-\-ßƒ ]Tn-°p-∂-h-
cpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ A¥¿`-hn-®p-In-S-°p∂ kwi-b-ßsf \o°p∂
bmsXm∂pw B {KŸ-ß-fn¬ Cs√∂p am{X-a√ A`y-kvX-hn-Zy-cpsS
lrZ-b-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ kwi-b-ßƒ P\n-∏n-°p∂ ]eXpw Ah-bn¬
ASn-°Sn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠p-Xm-\pw. ]e-t∏mgpw AXv Imc-W-Øm¬
kwi-bm-ep-hmb Hcp-h≥ kwi-b-Øns‚ ÿm\-Øp-\n∂v aptºm´p
\oßn \ntj- [ - Ø ns‚ L´- Ø n¬ FØn- t ®- c p- I bpw sNøp- ∂ p.'
({]t_m- [ \w hmfyw 2, e°w 16, t]Pv 15). Jp¿- B ≥ X^v k o-
dns\°pdn®v auZqZn ]d-bp∂p: ""Jp¿-B-\n\v bmsXmcp X^vko-dn-
s‚bpw Bh-iy-an-√. Un{Kn-bp≈ Hcp s{]m^-k¿ aXn-bm-hp-∂-Xm-
Wv''(X≥Jo-lmØv t]Pv 193). almZv`pXw! Jp¿-B≥ {Kln-°m≥
X^v k o¿ Bh- i y- a n- √ - s {X. Jp¿- B s‚ hymJym\w ]q¿hn- I - c psS
X^vko-dn-s‚bpw lZo-kn-s‚bpw JP-\m-hn¬\n∂m-hm\pw ]mSn-√.
{]XypX, Hcp- ∂ X Un{Kn- b p≈ s{]m^- k ¿ aXn. At±- l - Ø ns‚
hymJym\w kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v hntcm-[-an-√. CsX-√m-amWv Jp¿-B-\n-
s\-°p-dn®v auZq-Zn-bpsS A[ym-]-\w. Aßs\ Jp¿-B≥ hymJym-\n-
°m≥ XpS-ßn-bm¬ Zo\p¬ Ckvem-ans‚ \ne F¥m-bn-cn-°pw.''(P-
am-AsØ Ckveman: ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\hpw, t]Pv 54, 55)
auZqZn X^vko¿ {KŸ-ßsf Xo¿Øpw X≈n-∏-d-bp-∂p. bYm¿Y-
Øn¬ Ah Ip‰-a-‰-h-bm-Wv. Ah kwi-b-Øn-\n-S-an-√m-Ø-hn[w \_n(-
k)-bn¬\n-∂p-≤-cn®p Inń-b-Xm-Wv. Ah X≈n-∏-d-bpI hgn Kpcp-X-c-
amb [n°m-c-amWv auZqZn sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv˛ Cu coXn-bn-emWv
hna¿i-\-Øns‚ t]m°v.
C\n auZqZn F¥mWv ]d-™-sX∂pw GXp kml-N-cy-Øn-emWv
46
]d-™-sX∂pw X^vko-dns‚ bYm¿Y \ne F¥m-sW∂pw \ap°p

]cn-tim-[n°mw:
"X≥Jo-lmØn'se c≠p teJ-\-ß-fmWv Cu hna¿i-\-Øn-\m-
[mcw; "lamtc \nkmta XAveowIm _p≥bmZo \Jvkv' (\-ΩpsS
hnZym- ` ymk ]≤- X n- b psS ASn- ÿ m- \ - ] - c - a mb t]mcm- b va),
"apk¬amt\mw tI entb PZoZv XA- v e oao t]mfnkn'(ap- k v e nw-
Iƒs°mcp ]pXnb hnZym-`ymk \bw) F∂n-h-bs{X B teJ-\-
ßƒ. Aen-K¿ apkvenw k¿h-I-em-im-e-bpsS hnZym-`ym-k-co-Xnsb
A[n-I-cn-s®-gp-XnbXmWv Ah c≠pw. A√m-sX, hna¿i-I≥ ]d-bp-
∂-Xp-t]mse ""auZqZn Xs‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSv D]-tZ-in-°p∂''hb-
√. BZy-te-J\w 1936 BK-Ãnepw c≠m-a-tØXv 1936 sk]vXw-_-dn-
ep- a mbn X¿Pp- a m- \ p¬ Jp¿- B ≥ amkn- I - b psS c≠p e°- ß -
fn¬˛AXpw Pam-AØp cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw h¿j-ßƒ°p apºv˛
Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv.
Aen-KVv apkvenw k¿h-I-em-im-e-bpsS 1936 G{]n¬ amk-Øn¬
IqSnb hm¿jn-I-tbm-K-Ønse N¿®°p hnj-bo-`-hn® Hcp kp{]-[m\
kwK-Xn-bmWv BZy teJ-\-Øns‚ hnj-bw. AXn¬ k¿h-I-em-ime
\ne-hn¬h-cm-\p-≠mb kml-N-cyw, bYm¿Y {]tNm-Z-\w, AXp-hgn
Zo\n\pw kaq-l-Øn\pw e`n-t°-≠n-bn-cp∂ t\´w, AhnsS \n∂v ]Tn®p
]pd- Ø n- d - ß p∂ hnZym¿Yn- I - f n- e p- ≠ m- t h- ≠ n- b n- c p∂ Nn¥m- ] - c hpw
kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb hf¿®, h¿Ø-am-\-Im-esØ Ahÿ F√mw
hni-Zo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v auZqZn Fgp-Xp∂p:
""hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-s‚bpw kwkvI-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw ]pXnb coXnbpw
AXns‚ kz`m-hhpw kw_-‘n®v Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ hy‡-am-hp∂
hkvXpX AXv Ckvem-anI coXn°pw kz`m-h-Øn\pw Xo¿Øpw FXn-
cm-sW-∂m-Wv. \mw AXv AtX-]Sn \ΩpsS ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-bn¬ \S-
∏n¬ hcp-Øp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ahsc \mw Fs∂-t∂-°p-ambn ssIsbm-
gn-°p-I-bmhpw êw. \nßƒ Ah¿°v ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ XØz-Nn¥ {]iv\-
]-cn-lm-c-cw-K-Øp-\n∂v ssZhsØ am‰n-\n¿Øm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-
Wv. \nßƒ Ahsc ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ imkv{Xw _p≤n-°n-W-ßp∂ Imcy-
ß-fn¬\n∂v hyXn-N-en-®Xpw C{µn-b-⁄m-\-ßƒ°v Zmky-the sNøp-
∂-Xp-am-Wv. Ncn-{Xw, cmjv{S-ao-amw-k, Pohn-X-Z¿i-\w, \nbaw XpSßn
\nßƒ Ah¿°p \evIp∂ \mK-cnI hn⁄m-\o-b-ßƒ apgp-h≥
auenI Imcy-ß-fn¬ am{X-a-√, imJm-]-c-amb Imcy-ß-fn¬ t]mepw
Bi-b-cw-KØv am{X-a-√, {]mtbm-Kn-I-cw-KØpw \mK-cn-I-Xsb kw_-
‘n-®p≈ Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-ÿm\ XØz-ßƒ°pw Bi-b-ßƒ°pw
IS-I-hn-cp-≤-am-Wv. \nßƒ Ah¿°v \evIp∂ in£Ww ssNX-\y-
Ønepw e£y-Ønepw {]h¿Ø-\-am¿K-Ønepw Ckvem-anI in£-
W- Ø n\v Xo¿Øpw hncp- ≤ - a mb kzm[o\w Df- h m- ° p- ∂ - h - b m- W v .
47
F∂n´pw Ah-cpsS ho£Ww Ckvem-anI ho£-Whpw Ncy Ckvem-

anI Ncybpw PohnXw Ckvem-anI Pohn-Xhpw Bbn-s°m-≈p-sa∂v
{]Xym-in-°p-∂-Xn-s\-¥m-W-Sn-ÿm\w? Jp¿-B≥, lZo-kv, ^nJvlv
F∂n-h-bpsS ]gb coXn-bn-ep≈ A[ym-]\w Cu ]pXnb A[ym-]-
\-hp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. Cu coXn-bn-ep≈ hn`-P\w aqew
Dt±-in® êw e`n-°p-I-bpan-√. {]Z¿i\w am{Xw e£yw sh®v, Hcp
]m›mXy Bhn-°-∏en¬ ]gb I∏¬]mb LSn-∏n°pw t]mse-bm-
W-Xv. Cßs\ ]mb sIń-bXp sIms≠m∂pw ]m›mXy Bhn-°-
∏¬ Ckvem-anI Bhn-°-∏-em-hm≥ t]mIp-∂n-√.
""Aen-KVv k¿h-I-em-im-esb bYm¿Y apkvenw k¿h-I-em-im-
e-bm-°-W-sa-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ BZy-ambn th≠Xv ]m›mXy Iem-hn-⁄m-
\o-b-ß-fpsS A`y-k\w kw_-‘n-®p≈ Hcp ]p\x-Nn-¥-bm-Wv. B
hn⁄m-\o-b-ßƒ AtX-]Sn \evIp-∂Xv DNn-X-a-√. ]m›m-Xy-amb
F√m-‰nepw hnizm-k-a¿∏n-°pw hn[w hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS ip≤ a\-n¬
Ah Nn{Xo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bmhpw AXp-sIm-≠p-≠m-hp∂ t\´w. Ah-
cn¬ \ncq-]W i‡n C√m-Xm-hp-Ibpw sNøpw. C\n D≠m-bm¬ Xs∂
Bbn-c-Øn¬ Hcp hnZym¿Yn. AXpw Un{Kn FSpØ tijw At\I
h¿jsØ Bg-Øn-ep≈ ]T\w hgn. At∏m-tg°pw Ah≥ Pohn-X-
Øns‚ Ah-km-\-L-´-Øn-se-Øn-°-gn-™n-cn-°pw. {]mtbm-Kn-I-cw-KØv
bmsXm∂pw sNøm≥ Ah-s\-s°m-≠m-hp-I-bn-√. CØcw hnZym-`ym-
k- c oXn am‰p- I - X s∂ thWw. ]m›mXy hn⁄m- \ o- b - ß - s f√mw
hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°p apºn¬ \ncq-]-W-tØm-Sp-IqSn thWw ka¿∏n-°m≥.
Cu \ncq-]-W-am-I-s´, ip≤ Ckvem-anI ho£-W-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp-≈-
Xm-hp-Ibpw thWw. Hmtcm Nph-Sp-sh-∏nepw Ah-bn-ep≈ ZpjvS-`m-K-
ßƒ Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-am-bh am{Xw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNøm-\m-W-Xv.
""AtXm-sSm∏w Ckvem-anI hn⁄m-\o-b-ßfpw ]gb {KŸ-ß-
fn¬\n∂v AtX-]Sn \evIp-I-b√ th≠-Xv. Ah-bn¬ \n∂v ]n¬°m-
e-°m¿ Iqń-t®¿Ø `mK-ßƒ am‰n-bn´v Ckvem-ans‚ ÿmbn-bmb
ASn-ÿm-\-ßfpw bYm¿Y BZ¿i-ßfpw am‰n-Øn-cp-ØmØ \nb-a-
ß-fp-amWv \evtI-≠-Xv. Ah-bpsS bYm¿Y ssNX\yw lrZ-b-Øn¬
]I-cp-Ibpw a\-n¬ Ah-bpsS bYm¿Y Nn¥ krjvSn-s®-Sp-°p-Ibpw
thWw. Cu Dt±iym¿Yw Xøm-dm-°-s∏´ Hcp ]mTy-]-≤Xn C∂v Hcn-
S-Øp-\n∂pw \nßƒ°v Inń-sb∂p hcn-√. F√mw BZyw apX¬ D≠m-
t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Jp¿-B-s‚bpw {]hm-N-I-N-cy-bp-sSbpw A`y-k\w
]c-a-{]-[m-\-am-Wv. AXp-]t£ X^vko-dn-s‚bpw lZo-kn-s‚bpw ]gb
tiJ-c-ß-fn¬\n-∂m-h-cp-Xv. Ah ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-h¿ Jp¿-B-s‚bpw kp∂-
Øn-s‚bpw A¥-Ø {Kln-®-h-cm-bn-cn-°-Ww.* Ckvem-anI \nb-a-
Øns‚ A`y-k-\hpw A\n-hm-cy-amWv. ]t£, ChnsSbpw ]gb {KŸ-
ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°-cp-Xv....''(X≥Jo-lmØv, t]Pv 146-˛148)
48
C\n hmb-\-°m¿, hna¿i-I-t‚-Xmbn \mw D≤-cn® X¿Pa IqSn

H∂p hmbn-®p-t\m-°-s´. At∏mƒ ImWmw Fs¥ms° ssI{In-b-I-
fmWv AXn¬ hcp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-sX∂v ! "AtXm-sSm∏w' F∂ ]Zhpw
""Ckvem-anI hn⁄m-\o-b-ßfpw'' F∂-Xnse "Dw' F∂ \n]m-Xhpw
t_m[-]q¿hw hn´p-I-f-™p. ]gb {KŸ-ß-fn¬\n∂v AtX-]Sn \evI-
cpXv F∂v ]d-tb-≠-Xn\v ]Icw kzoI-cn-°-cpXv F∂v ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-
Øn. apºpw ]nºp-ap-≈Xpw Bi-b-ßƒ {Kln-°m≥ A\n-hm-cy-am-b-
Xp-amb hmIy-ßƒ A∏Sn hn´p-I-f-™p. Aßs\ Hcp-]mSp Itø-‰-
ßƒ°p tij-amWv hna¿i-I≥ GsXmcp hmIyhpw sXfn-hn-\mbn
D≤-cn-°p-∂Xv. CXv Kpcp-X-c-amb ]m]-am-sW-∂-dn-bmØ Bcp≠v?
auZq-Zn-km-ln-_ns‚ c≠m-asØ teJ\w XpS-ßp-∂Xp Xs∂
Cß-s\-bmWv: ""apkvenw-k¿h-I-em-imem kanXn C°m-cy-Øn¬ apgp-
h≥ apkvenw-I-fp-sSbpw A`n-\-µ-\-a¿ln-°p-∂p. AXm-bXv, hnZym¿Yn-
I-fn¬ bYm¿Y Ckvem-anI ssNX\yw krjvSn-s®-Sp-°p-I-sb∂
ÿm]-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ e£ysØ kw_-‘n®v kanXn {i≤n-
®p-Xp-S-ßp-Ibpw AXn\v {]mtbm-KnI cq]w \evIm≥ Xocp-am-\n-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. C∆n-j-b-I-ambn k¿h-I-em-imem Imcym-e-
b-Øn¬ \n∂-b®p Inńb IS-em-kp-Iƒ Rm≥ {i≤n®p hmbn-®p-
t\m-°n. aX-Im-cy-ß-fnepw Ckvem-anI hn⁄m-\o-b-ß-fnepw \ne-hn-
ep≈ A`y-k-\-am¿K-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´hbm-W-h. Ct∏mƒ {]tbm-
K-Øn-ep≈ ]mTy-]-≤Xn Xr]vXn-I-c-a-√m-ØXpw A]q¿W-hp-am-sW∂
Imcy-Øn¬ kwi-b-an-√. F¶nepw _lp-am-\y-cmb kan-Xn-bw-K-ßƒ
Xøm-dm-°nb tNmZym-hen hmbn-®p-t\m-°n-b-t∏mƒ \ne-hn-ep≈ ]mTy
]≤-Xnsb ]cn-tim-[n-°p-hm-\p-t±-in-®p-sIm-≠p≈Xp Xs∂-bmWv kan-
Xn-bpsS apºn-ep≈ tNmZy-ß-sf∂v t_m[y-am-bn. Nne {KŸ-ßƒ
am‰n thsd Nne {KŸ-ßƒ ]Icw sh®m¬ hnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬ Ckvem-
anI ssNX\yw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m-sa-∂mWv s]mXp-hn¬ a\-n-em-
°n-h-cp-∂-Xv....''
Aen-KVv apkvenw k¿h-I-em-imem `c-W-k-an-Xn-bn¬ \n∂-b-®p-
In-ń-bXpw ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS ]cn-jvI-cWw kw_-‘n-®p-≈-Xp-amb
tNmZy-ßƒ°v adp-]Sn \evIn-s°m-≠mWv auZqZn Cu teJ-\-sa-gp-
Xn-bn-´p-≈-sX-∂m-Wt√m Cu D≤-c-Wn-bn¬\n∂v hy‡-am-Ip∂-Xv.
k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn¬ A∂v \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ hnZym-`ym-k-co-Xnsb
kw_-‘n-®p≈ \ncq-]-Ww, AXns‚ ]cm-P-b-Im-c-Ww, Ckvem-anI
]mTy-]-≤-Xnsb kw_-‘n-®p≈ ]cn-Nn-¥-\w, Ah-bpsS {]mtbm-KnI
hiw F∂n-ßs\ aq∂v `mK-ß-fm-bmWv teJ\w Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≈-Xv.
sslkvIqƒ-˛-tIm-tfPv Xe-ß-fnse Ckvem-anI hnj-b-ß-fpsS A[ym-
]\w Fß-s\-bm-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v At±lw hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. AXpw
aq∂v `mK-am-bmWv hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ad_n `mjm-]-T-\w, Jp¿-B≥
]T-\w, Ckvem-anI ]mT-ßƒ.
49
auZqZn kmln_v XpS¿s∂-gp-Xp-∂p: ""AXn¬ Ad_n `mjsb

c≠m-asØ \n¿_‘ `mj-bm-°-Ww. at‰-sX-¶nepw `mj ]Tn-°m≥
Xm¬]-cy-ap≈ hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°p Syq´¿am-cpsS klm-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn
AXp km[n-°m-hp-∂-tX-bp-≈q. F∂m¬ tImtfPv Xe-Øn¬ A[y-
b-\-am-[y-a-ambn GXp `mj AwKo-I-cn-®mepw tijw AwKo-I-cn-°p∂
\n¿_-‘-`mj Ad_n Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww. ]≤Xn sa®-s∏-´Xpw
A[ym-]-I≥ ka¿Y-\p-am-sW-¶n¬ C‚¿ao-Un-b-‰ns‚ c≠p h¿jw
sIm≠v hnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬ Ah¿ _n.-F. ¢mkn-se-Øp-tºmƒ Jp¿-B-
\nI hn⁄m-\-ßƒ Jp¿-Bs‚ Xs∂ `mj-bn¬ {Kln-°m-\p≈
Ignhv krjvSn-°m≥ Ign-bpw.
""Jp¿-B\v GsX-¶nepw X^vko-dns‚ Bh-iy-an-√. Jp¿-B-\n¬
AKm-[-⁄m-\-ap≈, B[p-\n-I-co-Xn-bn¬ Jp¿-B≥ ]Tn-∏n-°m\pw a\-
n-em-°n-s°m-Sp-°m\pw tbmKy-X-bp≈ D∂X Un{Kn t\Snb Hcp
s{]m^-k¿ aXn.* Xs‚ eIvN-dp-I-fn-eqsS C‚¿ao-Un-b‰v hnZym¿Yn-
I-fpsS a\-n¬ Jp¿-B≥ {Kln-°p-hm≥ Ahiyw th≠ k∂-≤X
Df-hm-°m≥ Abmƒ°p Ign-bpw. ]ns∂ _n.-F. ¢mkn¬ Ad_n
`mj-bn¬ aXn-bmb Ignhv t\Sn Ckvem-anI ssNX-\ysØ bYm-
tbmKyw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ km[n°pw hn[w thWw Ahsc Jp¿-B≥
]Tn-∏n-°m≥... AØ-c-samcp s{]m^-k¿ B[p-\nI hn⁄m-\o-b-ß-
fn¬ Ign-hp-‰-h-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ Jp¿-B-\nepw kp∂-
Ønepw Dƒ°m-gvN-bp-≈-h-\m-bn-cn-°m\pw {i≤n-°-Ww. AXm-b-Xv,
]m›mXy hn⁄m-\o-b-ß-fpsS bmYm¿Yy-ßsf Ah-bpsS Z¿i-\-]-
chpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-amb ASn-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v th¿s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-
SpØv Ckvem-anI Z¿i-\-ß-tfmSpw ASn-ÿm-\-ß-tfmSpw kwtbm-Pn-
∏n-°m≥ Ign-hp-‰-h-\mtWm F∂v ˛A-Ø-c-°m¿ Xosc A]q¿h-a-√˛
]cn-tim-[n-°-Ww.''
Cu D≤-c-Wn-bn¬\n∂v auem\m ]d™ s{]m^-k¿°p≠m-bn-
cn-t°≠ KpW-ßƒ C{]-Imcw kw{K-ln-°mw:
1. Jp¿-B-\n-ep≈ AKm-[-⁄m-\w.
2. B[p-\n-I-co-Xn-bn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°m-\p≈ kma¿Yyw.
3. B[p-\nI hn⁄m-\o-b-ß-fn-ep≈ ]mfin-Xyw.
4. Jp¿-B-\nepw kp∂-Øn-ep-ap≈ Dƒ°mgvN.
5. ùXn-I-hn-⁄m-\o-b-ßƒ Jp¿-B-\n-s‚bpw kp∂-Øn-s‚bpw
shfn-®-Øn¬ A]-{K-Yn-°p-hm\pw hne-bn-cp-Øp-hm-\p-ap≈ tbmKy-X.
C∏-d-™-h-b-{Xbpw Ah-K-Wn-°p-I, F∂n´v "Jp¿-B∂v bmsXmcp
X^vko-dn-s‚bpw Bh-iy-an-√. D∂X Un{Kn-bp≈ Hcp s{]m^-k¿
aXn-bm-Ip-∂-XmWv' F∂ `mKw am{X-sa-Sp-°p-I. F∂n´v A°m-cWw
]d™v auZq-Znsb cq£-ambn Bt£-]n-°p-I. ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øns‚
K¿l-Wo-b-amb CØcw sNbvXn-Iƒ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ ]pXn-b-sXm-∂p-a-
√. alm-c-Y-∑m-cmb Camw A_q-l-\o^, amen-Iv, im^n-Cu, Alva-
50
Zp_v\p lº¬, Km-en, C_v\p-ssX-an-ø, apl-Ω-Zp_v\p A_vZn¬

hlvlm-_v, lk-\p¬_-∂, kønZv JpXp_v XpSßn PohnXw Zo\n-
\p-th≠n Dgn-™p-sh® alm-∑m¿s°-Xncnse√mw s]mßn-Ømgv∂
Nm´-hm-dp-Iƒ°p ]n∂n¬ {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂Xpw ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øns‚
CtX ZpjvS-I-c-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. auem\m auZqZn B bm{Xm-kw-L-
Ønse Ah-km-\sØ hy‡n-bp-a-√.
sNdp-∏t∂ Hcp {]tXyI coXn-bn¬ hf¿Ø-s∏-´-hcpw C∂ alm≥
]d-™n-cn-°p∂p F∂p tIƒ°p∂ am{X-bn¬ as‰m∂pw t\m°msX
AX-∏Sn AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cp-amb aX-]m-T-im-e-I-fnse hnZym¿Yn-Isf
Dt±-in-®m-bn-cp-∂n√ auZqZn kmln_v C°m-cy-ß-sfm∂pw ]d-™-Xv.
B[p-\nI hn⁄m-\o-b-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´v kwi-b-Øn-s‚bpw
\ntj-[-Øn-s‚bpw Ib-Øn¬ apßn-s∏m-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂hcpw
bp‡n-`-{Z-amb sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ am{Xw F¥pw X≈p-
Ibpw sIm≈p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cp-amb Iem-eb hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v
Fß-s\-bm-hWw Jp¿-B\pw Ckvemapw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv F∂v hnh-
cn-°p-I-bs{X At±lw sNbvX-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ Cu hm°p-Iƒ
IqSn {i≤n-°p-I. Hc-t\z-j-Is‚ tNmZy-Øn-\p≈ adp-]-Sn-bn¬ auZqZn
FgpXn:
""bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-I-fp-sSbpw tImtf-Pp-I-fp-sSbpw A¥-co-£w, Ah
AwKo-I-cn® hnZym-`ymk kvIow, Ah-bv°-IØv hgn-tI-Sp-Iƒ Xe-
s]m-°m-\p≈ bYm¿Y ImcWw F∂nh kw_-‘n®v th≠{X ]cn-
⁄m-\-an-√m-Ø-Xm-Wv... Fs‚ Dt±iyw a\-n-em-°p-hm≥ Xm¶ƒ°pw
Xm¶-sf-t∏m-ep-≈-h¿°pw {]bmkw t\cn-´-Xns‚ bYm¿Y Imc-Ww.
\nßƒ Cu hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ßsf \nß-fpsS Zo\o a{Z-k-I-sf-
t∏mse IW- ° m- ° n. Ahn- S - ß - f n¬ GsX- ¶ n- e p- s amcp auehn
kmln_v "ss_Zmhn'bpw "Pem-sse\n'bpw "Xn¿apZn'bpw a‰pw A\m-
bm-tk\ hmbn®p tIƒ∏n-°p-∂Xp t]mse B tImtf-Pp-Ifnepw Ah
hmbn-°m≥ km[n-°p-sa∂v Icp-Xp-I-bm-Wv. C°m-c-W-Øm¬, X^vko-
dn-s‚bpw lZo-kn-s‚bpw ]pcm-X\ tiJ-c-ß-fpsS ÿm\Øv h√
]I- c hpw Cu tImtf- P p- I ƒ°p th≠n Rm≥ \n¿tZ- i n- ° p- ∂ Xv
\nßƒ°v hfsc B›-cy-I-c-ambn tXm∂p-∂p. F∂m¬ F\n°p
Xm¶-fpsS Zo\o ÿm]-\-ß-sf-t∏m-se-Øs∂ B tImtf-Pp-I-sfbpw
bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-I-sfbpw kw_-‘n®pw Adn-bmw. AhnsS FØ-c-Øn-
ep≈ Nn¥m-]-c-amb A¥-co-£-am-Wp-≈-sX∂pw Ahn-SsØ hnZym¿Yn-
Iƒ GsX√mw Nn¥m-K-Xn-I-fpsSbpw kn-≤m-¥-ß-fp-sSbpw hmbphpw
sh≈hpw kzoI-cn-®mWv hf¿∂p-h-cp-∂-sX∂pw F\n-°-dnbmw. aX-
hn-`m-h-\-bpsS thcp-Iƒ t]mepw a\p-jy-a-\-n¬\n∂v ]ngp-sX-dn-bp-
Ibpw XnI®pw _p≤n-]q¿h-I-sa∂v tXm∂n-t∏m-Ip∂ hn[-Øn¬ {]]-
©-sØbpw a\p-jy-s\bpw kw_-‘n®v ASn-apSn aX-\n-tj-[-]-c-amb
Nn¥m-KXn {]Xn-jvTn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]pkvX-I-ßƒ Rm≥ Xs∂
51
hmbn- ® n- ´ p- ≠ v . X^v k o- d n- s ‚bpw lZokv hymJym- \ - ß - f p- s Sbpw

^nJvlns‚bpw ]pcm-X-\-{K-Ÿ-ßfpw AtX-{]-Imcw Rm≥ hmbn-®n-
cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ B[p-\nI ImesØ imkv{X-hn-⁄m-\-ßƒ ]Tn-
°p-∂-h-cpsS a\-p-I-fn¬ thcq-∂nb kwi-b-ß-fpsS ap≈p-Iƒ
\o°p∂ bmsXm∂pw B {KŸ-ß-fn¬ Cs√∂p am{X-a√ A`y-kvX-
hn-Zy-cpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ kwi-b-ßƒ P\n-∏n-°p∂ ]eXpw
Ah-bn-ep-S-\ofw ImW-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. A°m-c-W-Øm¬ kwi-
bm-ep-hmb Hcp-h≥ kwi-b-Øns‚ hnXm-\w-hn-´v, \ntj-[-Øns‚ L´-
Øn-temfw sNs∂-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
""Cu B[p-\nI Iem-e-b-ß-fn¬ ]gb coXn-bn¬ aX-Im-cy-ßƒ
]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-h¿°v, ]g-©≥ k{º-Zm-b-Øn¬ ]pcm-X-\-ti-J-c-ßƒ
aptJ\ Zo\o hnZy ]Tn-∏n-°pI hgn kzbw ]cn-lm-ky-cm-bn-Øo-cp-
Ibpw Zo≥Xs∂ Ah-a-Xn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-Xn¬ Ihn™
bmsXmcp tkh-\hpw \n¿h-ln-°m≥ Ign-™n-ń-s√∂pw F\n-°-dnbmw.
Cu Imcy-ß-sf√mw Fs‚ apºn-ep-≠v. AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬
Rm≥ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. B[p-\n-I-imkv{Xw ]Tn-°p-∂-h-cpsS lrZ-
b-ß-fn¬ A¶p-cn-°p∂ kp{]-[m-\-ß-fmb kIe kwi-b-ßƒ°pw
adp-]Sn e`n-°p∂ Jp¿-B≥ X^vko-dp-Ifpw lZokv hymJym-\-{K-
Ÿ-ßfpw Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xp-hsc CØcw hnZym-`ym-k-ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬
GsX-¶n-ep-samcp {]tXyI {KŸw kvIoan¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-cp-Xv. adn-®v,
Jp¿-B-\nepw lZo-knepw Ah-Kmlw t\Sn, B[p-\nI imkv{X-Øn¬
]cn-⁄m-\-ap≈ Hcp A[ym-]-Is\ At\z-jn®p \n›-bn-°p-I-bmWv
th≠-Xv. At±lw X^vko-dns‚ GsX-¶nepw Hcp {KŸw ]Tn-∏n-°p-
∂-Xn\v ]Icw t\¿°p t\sc Jp¿-B≥ Z¿kv \SØpIbpw -lZo-
kns‚ GsX-¶n-ep-samcp hymJym\w ]Tn∏n°p-∂-Xn\v ]Icw t\¿°p-
t\sc Xncp-\-_n-bpsS lZo-kp-Iƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw thWw. Aßs\
sNøp-∂-]£w hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v Bcw-`-Øn¬Xs∂ ImS-Ø-ambn
tXm∂p∂ bmsXm∂pw Cu ]T\w hgn t\cn-tS-≠n-h-cn-√.
""Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ (1952) tImtf-Pnse A¥-co£w apº-sØ-
°mƒ hfsc t`Z-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. Rm≥ "X≥Jo-lmØn'se Cu c≠p
teJ-\-ßfpw ˛ "\ΩpsS hnZym-`ymk ]≤-Xn-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-]c-amb
t]mcmbva', "apkvenw-Iƒs°mcp ]pXnb hnZym-`ym-k-\bw'˛ Fgp-Xnb
Ah-k-c-Øn¬ (1936) Zo≥ ]c-ky-ambn Ah-tl-fn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibm-bn-cp-
∂p. "\nKm¿' t]mep≈ ]{X-ßƒ bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-I-fn-sebpw tImtf-
Pp-Ifn-sebpw hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ {ZpX-K-Xn-bn¬ aX-\n-tj[w {]N-
cn- ∏ n- ® p- s Im- ≠ n- c n- ° p- I bpw Iayq- W nÃv {]ÿm\w ]I¿®- h ym[n
t]mse bph-X-e-ap-dsb kzm[o-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.
Xm¶-fpsS aX-hn-Zym-e-b-ß-fn¬ ]Tn-°p-Ibpw ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂-h¿s°m∂pw Cu ÿnXn-hn-ti-jsØ kw_-‘n®v bmsXmcp ]nSn-
]m-Sp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂v am{X-a-√, Cu tcmK-Im-c-W-ßƒ \n¿W-bn-
52
°p-hmt\m AXn\p NnIn-’-I-fm-cm-bmt\m Xß-fpsS ka-b-Øn¬\n∂v

Hcp \nan-jhpw Ah¿ sNe-h-gn-°p-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn-√. Rm≥ hf-sc-°mew
cm{Xn Dd-s°m-gn®v Cu {]iv\-ß-sf -kw-_-‘n®v hnNn-¥\w \S-Øn-
s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. IqSmsX hnZym-`ymtkm-]-tZ-jvSm-°-fpsS apºn¬, Ah-
cpsS hnZym-`ymk kvIoans\ hni-I-e\w sNbvXp, aX-\n-tj-[-Øns‚
Bi- ¶ m- P - \ - I - a mb hf¿®- b psS bYm¿Y Imc- W - ß - s f- s ¥- √ m- a m-
sW∂v hy‡-ambpw sXcy-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-≠mbn. aX-\n-tj[w hf-cp-
∂Xv XS-bp-hm≥ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ B{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ hnZym-`ym-k-
kvIo-an¬ ]cn-jvI-cWw hcp-Ø-W-sa∂pw B Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Rm≥
Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Aßs\ Cu hnj-b-I-ambn Nne tImtf-
Pp-Iƒ°v A\p-tbm-Py-amb aX-]-T-\-]-≤Xn \n¿tZ-in-°pI F∂
{]iv\w h∂-t∏mƒ Fs‚ Ign-h-\p-k-cn®v X^vko¿, lZokv hymJym-
\w, ^nJvlv, C¬ap¬ Iemw F∂n-h-bn¬ Fgp-X-s∏´ F√m ]q¿h
\nt£-]-ßfpw ]cn-tim-[n-®p. F∂m¬ Cu tImtf-Pp-Iƒ°v th≠n
\n¿tZ-in-°p-hm≥ D¿Zp-hntem Ad-_n-bntem Cw•o-jntem bp‡-amb
Hcp {KŸhpw F\n°v ImWp-hm≥ km[n-®n-√. Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬
Rm≥ Xm¶-fpsS ap^vXn-I-tfmSv tNmZn-°-s´, a\--am-[m-\-tØm-Sp-IqSn
B hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v sImSp-°m≥ ]‰nb h√ {KŸhpw \n¿tZ-in-®p-X-
cp-hm≥ km[n-°ptam? Ah-km\w Cu k¶o¿W-Xbv°v ]cn-lmcw
ImWp-hm≥ Hscm‰ am¿Kw am{X-amWv Rm≥ I≠-Xv. tImtf-Pp-I-
fnse hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v Zo\o hnZym-`ymkw \evIp-hm≥ Ign-hp≈ AwKp-
eo-]-cn-an-X-sc-¶nepw Nne Bfp-Iƒ \ΩpsS kap-Zm-b-Øn-ep-≈-Xn-\m¬
Ah-cpsS tkh-\-ß-fp-]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn Nne tI{µ-ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬
Zo\o hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v kuI-cy-ta¿s∏-Sp-Øp-I. Aßs\ ]T\w
]q¿Øn-bm°n ]pd-Øn-d-ßp-∂-h-cn¬ CXc ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ tkh-\-
a-\p-jvTn-°p-hm\pw tImtf-Pp-Iƒ°v A\p-tbm-Py-amb kvIow Xøm-
dm-°p-hm\pw Ign-bp∂ A[ym-]-I¿ D≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v {]Xo-£n-°m-
hp-∂-Xm-Wv.''(X¿Pp-am-\p¬ Jp¿-B≥, am¿®v '52, D≤-cWw: "tNmtZym-
Ø-cw', sF.-]n.-F®v {]kn-≤o-I-c-Ww.)
"X≥Jo-lmØn'¬ At±lw Fgp-Xp-∂p: ""apI-fn¬ ]d™ hnj-
b-ß-fn¬ ]pXnb {KŸ-ßƒ cNn-°m≥ sIev]p≈ Nne alm-∑m-sc-
¶n-ep-ap-≠v. Ah-cpsS tkh\w D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. hnti-
jn®pw "Dkq-ep¬ ^nJvlv', "^nJvlv \nb-a-ßƒ', Ckvem-anI PohnX
ho£-Ww, Ckvem-ans‚ \mK-cn-Im-Sn-Ø-d-Iƒ, Jp¿-B-\nI hn⁄m-
\obw F∂o hnj-b-ß-fn¬ ]pXnb {KŸ-ßƒ cNn-t°-≠Xv AXy-
¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ ]gb {KŸ-ßƒ Ct∏m-
gsØ A[ym-]-\m-h-iy-Øn\v D]-I-cn-°p-I-bn-√. "CPvXn-lm-Zn\v'Ign-
hp-≈-h¿°v Xo¿®-bmbpw Ah sIm≠v [mcmfw {]tbm-P-\-ß-fp-≠v.
]t£, Ah AtX-]Sn C∂sØ hnZym¿Yn-Isf ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv H´pw
53
ê-{]-Z-am-hp-I-bn-√.''(X≥Jo-lm-Øv, t]Pv 239)

C{Xbpw hnh-cn-®-Xn¬\n∂v X^vko-dn-s‚bpw lZokv hnh-c-W-
ß-fp-sSbpw ]gb {KŸ-ßƒ apgp-h≥ Dt]-£n-°-W-sa-∂-√. adn-®v,
Ah-bn¬ sIm≈m-hp-∂Xpw Xt≈-≠-Xp-amb Imcy-ß-fp-s≠∂pw
sIm≈m-hp-∂h am{Xw Is≠-SpØv ]pXnb coXn-bn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn®v
thWw ùXnI Iem-e-b-ß-fnse hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v apºn¬ Ah-X-cn-
∏n-°m-s\∂pw A√m-Ø-]£w shfp-°m≥ tX®Xv ]m≠mb A\p-`-
h-amhpw D≠m-hp-I-sb-∂p-amWv auZqZn Dt±-in-®-sX∂v Gh¿°pw {Kln-
°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
F∂m¬ ]gb X^vko-dp-Ifpw a‰p aX-{K-Ÿ-ßfpw A∏Sn X≈n-
°-f-b-W-sa-∂mWv auZqZn kmln_v ]d-bp-∂-Xv F∂v sX‰n-≤-cn-∏n-
°m-\mWv hna¿i-I-cpsS {iaw. auZq-Zn°v adp-]-Sn-bmbn Ah¿ Fgp-
Xp∂p:
""Jp¿-B-\ns\ Xßƒ°n-d-°n-bXv, P\-ßƒ°v Cd-°-s∏-´-Xns\
Ahn-S∂v hni-Zo-I-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-\mWv'' (hn-ip≤ Jp¿-B≥, 16-˛44)
F∂ hmIy-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ahn-S∂v hnh-cn-®p-sIm-SpØ
hymJym-\-ßƒ kzlm-_Øv hgn Xm_n-D-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw
A\-¥cw icn-bmb ]c-ºc hgn apdn-bmsX XpS¿∂p-h∂-Xp-amWv
X^vko¿.''(P-am-AsØ Ckveman: ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\-hpw, t]Pv
55, 56)
C{X-bp-amWv kwK-Xn-sb-¶n¬ {]iv\-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Jp¿-Bs‚ icn-
bmb hni-Zo-I-cWw {]hm-N-I-N-cy-bm-Wv. F∂-√, Jp¿-Bs‚ B[n-
Im-cnI hymJym-Xm-hmbn {]hm-N-I≥ Hcmƒ am{X-ta-bp-≈q. Ahn-SsØ
Ncy-I-fmWv lZo-kp-Iƒ F∂ t]cn¬ t{ImUo-I-cn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈-Xv.
Ah Xo¿®-bmbpw Jp¿-Bs‚ X^vko-dm-Wv. F∂m¬ lZo-kp-I-fn¬
{]hm-N-I-Ncy am{X-a√ D≈-Xv. {]hm-N-Is‚ t]cn¬ sIń-bp-≠m-°nb
]eXpw lZo-sk∂ t]cn¬ {]N-cn-∏n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. AXm-Wt√m
lZokv hnim-c-Z-∑m¿ Ah I√pw s\√pw th¿Xn-cn®v ]e-Xmbn hI-
™p-sh-°m≥ Imc-Ww. kzoI-cn-°m-hp-∂Xpw A√m-Ø-Xp-ap-≠-Xn¬.
C°mcyw Adn-bm-Ø-h¿ km[m-c-W-°m-cn¬ t]mep-apt≠m F∂
Imcyw kwi-b-am-Wv.
X^vko¿ F∂ t]cn¬ C∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ hn⁄m-\-imJ \_n(-
k)-bn¬\n∂v D≤-cn-°-s∏-´-Xm-sW∂v Adn-hp-≈-h-cmcpw ]d-bp-I-bn-
√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv \_n(-k)-bn¬ \n∂p-≤-cn-°-s∏-´-hbv°v lZo-
sk∂pw A√mØ Jp¿-B≥ `mjy-ßƒ°v X^vko-sd∂pw t]cp-h-
∂-Xv. X^vko-dp-I-fn¬ kXy-ap-≠v. kXyw am{X-a√ D≈-Xv. A¿[-k-
Xyhpw Ak-Xyhpw A_-≤-hp-sam-s°-bp-≠v. H∂p c≠p-Zm-l-c-W-ßƒ
am{Xw ]dbmw:
kqdx bnse F∂ ]ZsØ hymJym-\n-®p-sIm≠v
54
Pem-sse\n Fgp-Xp∂p:
""kpXn-lØv' F∂ hm°p `qan ]c-∂-Xm-sW-∂-Xns‚ hy‡-amb
sXfn-hm-Wv. id-Cs‚ De-am-°-fpsS A`n-{]m-bhpw adn-®-√. tKmf-im-
kv{X-⁄-∑m¿ ]d-bpw-t]mse `qan Hcp tKmf-a-√.''
kqdx Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv F∂ A£cw sIm≠m-Wv.
\q\ns‚ hnh-£-sb¥v? C_v\p Iko¿ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""apPm-ln-Zv(-d)
]d-bp∂p: "\q≥'Ggmw `qan-°-Sn-bn-ep≈ Hcp henb a’y-am-sW∂v
]d-b-s∏-ń-´p-≠v.''
C_v\p Pcodpw Hcp kwLw ap^-n-dp-Ifpw ]d-bp∂p: ""Cu a’y-
Øns‚ ]pdØv Hcp ]md-bp-≠v. AXn\v BIm-i-`q-an-I-tfmfw Iń-bp-
≠v. ]md-∏p-dØv Hcp Imf-bp≠v. Imfbv°v \mev]-Xn-\m-bncw sImºp-
≠v. Ahbv°p apI-fn-emWv Ggp `qanbpw Ah-bv°n-S-bn-ep≈ hkvXp-
°-fp-sa-√mw.''
CsXms° Cß-s\-Øs∂ ùXn-I-I-em-e-b-hn-Zym¿Yn-Isf ]Tn-
∏n-°-W-sa-∂m-Wt√m hna¿i-I-`m-jyw. F¶n¬ F¥mhpw êw? `qan
tKmf- a m- s W∂v ]I¬sh- f n®w t]mse sXfn- b n- ° m≥ Ign- h p≈
hnZym¿-YnIƒ°v CXp tIƒ°p-tºmƒ Jp¿-Bs‚ t\sc-bp-≠m-hp∂
at\m-`mhw GXp Xc-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-bn-cn°pw? BZ-c-hn-t‚tXm? ]p—-
Øn-t‚tXm?
Jp¿-B-\m-tWm, AtXm a\p-jy-sc-gp-Xnbp≠m-°nb hymJym-\-ß-
fmtWm {][m\w F∂-XmWv ImX-emb {]iv\w. Jp¿-B-\m-sW-¶n¬
GsX-¶n-ep-samcp X^vko¿ {KŸw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-e-√, X^vko¿ {KŸ-
ß-fn-se-√m-ap≈ \√ hn⁄m-\-apƒs°m≠v Jp¿-B≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-
Xn-\mWv Du∂¬ \¬tI-≠-Xv. AXn-\m-I-s´, auem\m auZqZn hnh-
cn® tbmKy-X-I-fp≈ Hcp s{]m^-k¿ aXn-bm-hp-Ibpw sNøpw.
56
A©v
Z÷m¬ sI´p-IY?
Hcp Pam-AØv hna¿i-I≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Z÷m-ens\ kw_-‘n®v auZq-Zn-
bpsS hnh-cWw AXn-hn-Nn-{X-am-Wv. At±lw ]d-bp∂p: "H‰-°Æ - ≥ Z÷m-
en-s‚Xpw a‰pw sI´p-IY - I- f- mWv. Ahbv°v id-Cb - mb \ymbo-Ic - Ww C√.
CXymZn Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v At\z-jn-t°≠ _m[yX \ap-°n-√. s]mXp-
P-\ß - ƒ°n-Sb - n¬ AXp kw_-‘n®v {]Nm-ca - p≈ hm¿Ø-Iƒ°v Ckvem-
an¬ AwKo-Ic - n-°s - ∏´ bmsXmcp e£y-hp-an-√.''(X¿Pp-am-\p¬ Jp¿-B≥,
ln: 64, daZm≥-˛-i-∆m¬) CXp kw_-‘n®v hna¿i-\-hn-t[-b-\m-b-t∏mƒ
Ip≠n¬\n∂pw Ipf-Øn-te°v F∂ ań-emWv At±lw adp-]Sn ]d-™-
Xv. ""Cu Imcy-ßs - f-°p-dn®v \_n(-k)-bn¬\n∂pw h∂ lZo-kp-Iƒ Ahn-
SsØ Jnbm-kp-Iƒ (A-\p-am-\-ßƒ) BWv. AXp kw_-‘-ambn \_n-
Xs∂ kwi-bØ - n-em-bn-cp-∂p.''(X¿Pp-am-\p¬ Jp¿-B≥, ln. 65, d_o-D¬
A∆¬). Z÷m-en¬ hnizm-k-an-s√∂v ]d-™m¬ apkvenw-Iƒ hnSp-I-bn-
s√∂v I≠-t∏mƒ \_nsb At±lw kwibw XocmØ Bfmbn {]Jym-
]n-°p-Ib - mWv sNbvXX - .v ... CXmtWm Jp¿-B≥ {]Nm-cW - Ø - ns‚ kmºnƒ?
... Ahn-S∂v ]d-™s - X√mw kXy-am-sW∂v auZqZn hniz-kn-°m≥ Xøm-dn-
s√∂pw C\nbpw ]ng-hn-t∑¬ \_n(-k)sb A√mlp tijn-∏n®p F∂p-
at√ At±lw hmZn-°p-∂X - ?v Ahn-SsØ X_veo-Kn¬ ({]-t_m-[\ - w) Ahn-
iz-k\ - o-b `mKw C\n-bp-ap≠mhpsa∂v Hcp a\p-jy≥ ]d-™m¬ At±-l-
Øns‚ \ne F¥m-sW∂pw hmb-\° - m¿ Nn¥n-t°-≠X - m-W.v '' (P-am-AsØ
Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\hpw, t]Pv 38-˛40)
kwK-Xn-bpsS bmYm¿Yy-sa-s¥∂v hnh-cn-®m¬ sX‰n-≤m-cW \oßm≥
hfsc Ffp-∏a - m-Wv.
Hcmƒ auZqZn kmln-_n-t\mSv tNmZn®p: ""Jp¿-B-\nepw lZo-knepw
hnh-cn®p ]d™ \nc-h[n Imcy-ßƒ Ab-Ym¿Y-ßf - m-sW∂v B[p-\nI
imkv{Xob Kth-jW - ß - ƒ sXfn-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-ht- √m. Cu Ah-ÿb - n¬
\mw Jp¿-B\pw lZokpw kzoI-cn-°-Wtam? AtXm imkv{Xob Kth-j-
W-ßƒ AwKo-Ic - n-°p-Ib - mtWm th≠Xv? DZm-lc - W
- a- m-bn,....(4) H‰-°Æ - ≥
57
Z÷m¬ Fhn-sStbm _‘n-X-\mbn InS-°p∂p F∂p-≈Xv {]kn-≤-am-

Wt√m? GXm-Wmthm B ÿew? temI-Ønse F√m ap°p-aq-eI - fpw C∂p
a\p-jy≥ ]c-Xn-°g- n-™p. F∂n´pw H‰-°Æ - ≥ Z÷m-ens‚ hnh-cs - am∂pw
e`n-®n-√t√m?''
auZqZn kmln_v AXn\v \evInb adp-]Sn Cß-s\-bmWv: ""Fs‚
Ccp-]Ø - ©v h¿j-°m-esØ ]T-\ß - f - n¬ Ct∂-hsc, Jp¿-B\v hncp-≤-
ambn h√Xpw a\p-jy≥ imkv{Xob am¿tKW Is≠-Øn-bX - mbn Adn-™n-
ń-√. imkv{X-Im-c∑ - mtcm XØz-⁄m-\n-Itfm A\p-am-\n-°p∂ ]eXpw Jp¿-
B-\nI hnh-cW - ß - f - p-ambn CS-bp-∂p-s≠-∂p-≈Xp icn-Xs - ∂. Hcp ImeØv
kXy-sa∂p [cn®pw hniz-kn®pw t]m∂ kn≤m-¥-ßƒ ]eXpw as‰mcp
L´-Øn¬ sX‰m-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°s - ∏-´X
- n\pw ]Icw as‰m∂mWv bmYm¿Yy-
sa∂v [cn-®p-t]m-∂-Xn\pw A\p-am-\-kn-≤m-¥-N-cn{Xw Xs∂ aXn-bmb
km£n-bm-W.v Jp¿-B\ - nI hnh-cW- ß - f - p-ambn G‰p-ap-´p∂ ASn-ÿm-\c - l
- n-
X-amb AØcw Imcy-ßf - n¬ hnizm-ka - ¿∏n-®p-sIm≠v Jp¿-B≥ X≈n-°-
f-bm≥ am{Xw Ahbv°v Db¿∂ ÿm\w \evIm≥ \mw Xøm-d√ - . A\p-`h - -
ß-fneqsS Fs¥-¶n-ep-sam∂v bmYm¿Yy-ambn sXfn-bn-s®-¶n¬ am{Xta
\ΩpsS hnizmkw N©-es - ∏-tS-≠X- p-≈p. apI-fn¬ hnh-cn® cq]-Øn¬ GsX-
¶n-ep-samcp Jp¿-B\ - nI hnh-cWw sX‰m-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°s - ∏-´X- mbn Fs‚
Adn-hn¬ s]ń-ń-√.
""C\n Xm¶ƒ DZm-l-c-W-Øn¬ Nq≠n-°m-ńb Imcy-ßƒ Hmtcm-s∂-
SpØv hni-I-e\w sNømw....
4. Cu H‰-°Æ - ≥ Z÷mepw a‰pw aX-]c - a- mb bmsXm-cS- n-Ød- b - p-an-√mØ
s]m≈-bmb Imcy-am-Wv. AØcw Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ]cn-tim-[n-t°≠
bmsXm-cm-hi - yhpw \ap-°n-√. s]mXp-P\ - ß - f - n¬ {]N-cn® CØcw bmsXm-
∂n-s‚bpw DØ-ch - m-ZnXzw Ckvem-an-\n-√. Ah-bn¬ h√Xpw Ab-Ym¿Y-ß-
fm-sW∂v sXfn-™p-Ig- n-™m¬ Xs∂ Ckvem-an\v AXp-sIm≠v bmsXmcp
tIm´hpw kw`-hn-°m-\n-√.''(X¿Pp-am-\p¬ Jp¿-B≥ da-Zm≥-˛i - ∆- m¬ ln. 1964)
{]kvXpX adp-]Sn kw_-‘n-®p-h∂ as‰mcp tNmZyhpw auZqZn AXn\v
\¬Inb hni-Zo-I-c-W-hp-amWv Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂Xv:
tNmZyw: ""_pJm-cn, apkvenw, A_q-Zm-hq-Zv, Xn¿an-Zn, id-lp-p-∂,
ss_lJn F∂o {KŸ-ß-fn¬\n∂p {Kln-°m-hp-∂-Xp-t]mse Z÷m-en-
s\-w-_-‘n®v Npcp-ßn-bXv ap∏Xv dnt∏m¿´p-I-sf-¶nepw h∂n-´p-≠m-Ip-
sa-∂mWv Fs‚ Adn-hv. ]ns∂ Xm¶-fpsS adp-]Sn F¥-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-
≈-XmWv?
DØcw: sI´p-IY - s- b∂p Rm≥ ]d-™Xv Z÷m¬ Fhn-sStbm _‘n-
X-\mbn Ign-™p-hc - p-∂p-s≠-∂p≈ [mc-Wsb°pdn-®m-W.v Hcp henb \mi-
Imcn {]Xy-£s - ∏-Sp-sa-∂p≈ Imcy-am-sW-¶n¬ Rm\pw B lZo-kp-Isf
hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-≠v. Ah-s\-°p-dn®v \a-
kvImc thf-bn¬ "ako-lp-±-÷m-ens‚ ^nXv\-bn¬\n∂v Rm≥ \n∂n¬
A`bw tXSp∂p' F∂ {]m¿Y\ Dcp-hn-SW - s - a∂ \_n(-k)-bpsS \n¿tZiw
58
F√m \a-kvIm-cß - f
- nepw ]men-°p-∂h - \- mWv Rm≥.
Z÷m-ens‚ Imcy-Øn¬ \_n(-k)bn¬\n∂v D≤-cn-°s - ∏-ń-´p≈ lZo-
kp-If - psS samØw Bibw ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ hy‡-am-Ip∂ Imcyw, AXp-
kw-_‘ - n®v A√m-lp-hn¬ \n∂v Ahn-St- Øbv°p e`n® hnh-cw, Hcp henb
Z÷m¬ hcm-\p-s≠∂pw Ah∂v C∂-bn∂ KpW-ßs - f√mw D≠m-bn-cn-°p- --
sa∂pw C∂-bn∂ {]tXy-I-X-I-tfmSv IqSn-b-h-\m-sW-∂p-am-Wv. F∂m¬
Ah≥ Ft∏mƒ {]Xy-£-s∏-Spw, Fhn-sS-bmhpw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-I, Xs‚
ImeØv Xs∂-bm-hptam Ahs‚ ]pd-∏mSv, AtXm X\n°v tijw Gsd-
°mew Ign-™m-hptam CXymZn Imcy-ßs - fm∂pw Ahn-St- Øbv°v hy‡-
am-°n-s°m-Sp-Øn-cp-∂n-s√∂pw a\-n-em-Ip-∂p.
AØcw kwK-Xn-Iƒ kw_-‘n®v \_n(-k)bn¬\n-∂p-≤-cn-°-s∏´
hyXykvX kqN-\-I-sf√mw bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Ahn-SsØ \nK-a-\-ß-fm-Wv.
Ah kw_-‘n®v Xncp-ta-\n-°p-Xs∂ kwi-ba- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcn-°¬ Ahn-
S∂v Cu \nK-a\w hy‡-am-°n-bXv Cß-s\-bmWv: ""Z÷m¬ Jpdm-km-
\n¬\n-∂mhpw {]Xy-£s - ∏-Sp-I.'' as‰m-cn-°¬ Ckv^l - m-\n¬\n-∂m-hp-sa-
∂mWv ]d-™-sX-¶n¬ imw˛-C-dmJv {]tZ-i-ßsf _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmhpw
as‰m-cn-°¬ ]d-™n-´p-≠m-hp-I. lnPvd c≠ntem aq∂ntem P\n® C_v\p
kømZv F∂p t]cp-≈, PqX-\mhmw Z÷m-se-∂mWv as‰m-c`- n-{]m-bw. G‰-
hp-sam-Sp-hn-ep-≤c- n-°s- ∏-´Xv CXmWv: lnPvd Hº-Xm-am-≠n¬ ê-kX v o≥Im-
c-\mb Hcp {InkvXo-b] - p-tcm-ln-X\ - m-bn-cp∂ "Xao-ap-±mcn' h∂v Ckvem-am-
t«-jn-°p-Ibpw Cu IY tIƒ∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. At±-l-sam-cn-°¬
Hcp kap{Z bm{X \S-Øn. Atd-_y≥ kap-{Z-Øntem tdmam kap-{Z-Øntem
BW-Xv. P\-hm-k-an-√mØ Hcp Zzo]n-emWv Ah-km\w sN∂p-s]-´-Xv.
AhnsS At±lw Hc-]-cn-Nn-Xs\ I≠p. Xm\mWv ako-lp-±-÷m-se∂v
Abmƒ ]d™p: Xao-ap-±m-cn-bpsS hnh-c-WsØ Xncp-ta\n \ntj-[n-°p-
I-bp-≠m-bn-√. adn-®v, C{]-Imcw kwibw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-IbmWv sNbvXX - v.
"Ct±lw ]d-bp-∂Xv Atd-_y≥ kap-{Z-Øntem tdmam kap-{Z-Øntem
BWv AsX-∂m-Wv. F∂m¬ Rm≥ a\-n-em-°p∂Xv Ing-°p-\n-∂mhpw
Ah≥ hcn-Is - b-∂m-Wv.'
Cu kwi-b-{]-I-S-\-ßƒ hy‡-am-°p∂ H∂m-asØ kwKXn Xncp-
ta\n C∏-d™ - s
- X√mw hlvbv Bbn-cp-∂n√, kz¥w \nK-a\w Bbn-cp∂p
F∂m-W.v Ahn-SsØ \nK-a\w icn-bm-bn-s√-¶n¬ Xs∂ {]hm-NI - X - z-Øn\v
AXpsIm≠v bmsXmcp tIm´hpw X´m-\n√. \mw hniz-kn-°m≥ A\p-im-
kn-°s - ∏´ Imcy-hp-a√ AXv. Ahn-S∂v A\p-am-\sØ ASn-ÿm-\s - ∏-SpØn
]d™ Imcy-ß-fpsS KW-Øn-em-WXv s]Sp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂
AØcw Imcy-ßƒ hnizm-kI - m-cy-ßf - n-epƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ bmsXmcp \ymb-
hp-an-√. C_v\p køm-Zn-s\-∏‰n Ah≥ Xs∂-bmhpw Z÷m-se∂v Ahn-
S∂v kwibw {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. Da-dm-I-s´, Ah≥ Xs∂-bmWv Z÷m-
se∂v kXyw sNbvXp ]d-™n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Abmƒ ]n∂oSv apkven-am-
hp-Ibpw c≠p ld-anepw Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. apkven-am-bn-Øs∂
59
acn® Abmƒ°v th≠n apkvenwIƒ P\mk \a-kvI-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

C_v\p køm-Zn-s\-°p-dn®v C\nbpw Abm-fm-bn-cn°pw Z÷m-embn hcnI
F∂v kwibw sh®p]pe¿Øm≥ F¥p \ymb-am-Wp≈Xv? Xao-ap-±m-cn-bpsS
hnh-cWw Xncp-ta\n a\-n-em-°msXb√. ]t£, ]Xn-aq-∂c \q‰m≠v Ime-
am-bn´v Xao-ap-±mcn I≠ Zzo]nse _‘n-X≥ C∂p-hsc {]Xy-£s - ∏-ń-s√-
∂Xp Xm≥ Z÷m-em-sW∂ Xao-ap-±m-cn-tbm-Sp≈ Abm-fpsS {]kvXmhw
icn-bm-bn-cp-∂n-s√-∂X - n\v aXn-bmb sXfn-hs - √t∂m? Xncp-ta\n [cn-®n-cp-∂-
Xm-Is - ´, Xs‚ ImetØm X\n°p tijw sXm´-SpØ ImetØm Z÷m¬
{]Xy-£s - ∏-t´-°p-sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ ]Xn-aq-∂c \q‰m-≠p-Im-esØ
Ncn{Xw B \nK-a\w Aÿm-\-Øm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v sXfn-bn-°p-∂n-s√-
∂mtWm? C\nbpw A°mcyw Ckvem-ans‚ Hcm-Z¿i-sa∂ coXn-bn-ep-≤c - n-
°-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXv icn-bmw-hÆw Ckvem-ans\ {]Xn-\n-[o-Ic - n-°t- em,
B lZo-kp-If - psS Bi-bß - f- psS icn-bmb coXn-bn-ep≈ {Kl-Wtam Bbn-
cn-°p-Ib - n-√. CØcw kwK-Xn-If - n-ep≈ {]hm-NI - s‚ \nK-a\ - ß- ƒ icn-bm-
bn-s√-∂X - p-sIm-≠v, {]hm-NI - Xz ]Z-hn°v Hcp Xc-Ønepw tIm´w hcp-Øp-
I-bp-an-√. AØcw Imcy-ßƒ hniz-kn-®p-sIm-≈-W-sa∂v Zo≥ \tΩmSp
imkn-°p-∂p-an-√. Cu hkvXpX CuØ-∏\ - °p ]cmKw \S-Øp-∂Xp kw_-
‘n® lZo-kn¬ \_n(-k) Xs∂bpw hy‡-am-°n-bX - m-W.v ''(X¿Pp-am-\p¬
Jp¿-B≥, ln 65, d_o-D¬ A∆¬)
auZq-Zn-bpsS Cu adp-]S- n-bn¬\n∂p hy‡-am-Ip∂ Imcy-ßƒ ChbmWv:
1. Z÷m¬ F∂ t]cn¬, a\p-jysc ^nXv\b - n¬ AI-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Hcp
`b-¶c Zp»‡n {]Xy-£s - ∏-Sm-\n-cn-°p-∂p≠v F∂pw B Zp»-‡n-bn¬\n∂p
c£-s∏-Sm≥ hnizm-kn-Iƒ A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv {]m¿Yn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°W - s - a∂pw
{]_-ea - mb lZo-kp-If - neqsS ÿnc-s∏-ń-´p-≠.v
2. {]kvXpX lZo-kp-I-fn¬ auem\m auZqZn hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw XZ-
\p-kmcw {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-≠v.
3. Z÷m¬ BcmWv? Ah≥ Fhn-sS, Ft∏mƒ {]Xy-£\ - mhpw CXymZn
Imcy-ßƒ A√mlp \_n(-k)°p IrXy-ambn \n¿W-bn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øn-ń-√.
AØcw Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v \_n(-k) ]d™ hyXy-kvX-amb kwK-Xn-
Iƒ At±-l-Øns‚ \nK-a-\-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p; hlvbp-I-f-√.
4. B \nK-a\ - ß- ƒ icn-bm-bn-s√-¶nepw Ahn-SsØ {]hm-NI - X - z-Øn\v
Hcp tIm´hpw hcm-\n-√. AØcw \nK-a-\-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-°m≥ apkvenw-
Iƒ°v \n¿_-‘h - p-an-√.
lZo-kn¬ ]d™ H‰-°-Æ≥ Z÷m-en-s\-b√ Fhn-sStbm _‘n-X-
\mbn InS-°p∂ Hscm-‰° - Æ - ≥ Z÷m-ep-s≠∂ s]mXp-P\ - h - n-izm-ks - Ø-
bmWv Rm≥ sI´p-IY - s - b∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®s - X∂p auZq-Zn-Xs∂ hni-Zo-I-
cn-®n-´p-≠v. Ah-ti-jn-°p∂ {]iv\w, Z÷m¬ FhnsS, Ft∏mƒ hcp-sa-
∂p-≈Xv kw_-‘n®v lZo-kp-If - n¬ h∂ ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS
\nK-a\ - a - m-sW-∂p≈ auZq-Zn-bpsS hni-Zo-Ic - W- a
- mWv. AXn-s\-°p-dn-®mWv
"Ip≠n¬\n∂p Ipf-Øn-te-s°∂' ań-emWv auZq-Zn-bpsS kao-]-\-sa∂v
60
hna¿i-I≥ ]d-bp-∂X
- v.
F∂m¬ AXp kw_-‘n-®p≈ ]ucm-WnI ]fin-X∑
- m-cpsS A`n-{]m-
b-ßƒ IqSn \ap°v ]cn-tim-[n°mw:
C_v\p køm-Zm-sW∂ A`n-{]mbw
_pJm-cnbpw A_q-Zm-hqZpw D≤-cn-°p∂p:
(apl-ΩZ- p_v\p ap≥I-Zn¿ ]d-bp∂p: C_v\p køm-ZmWv Z÷m-se∂v Pm_n-

dp_v\p A_vZn√ A√m-lp-hn-s\-∏n-Sn®v BW-bn´p ]d-bp-∂Xv Rm≥ I≠p.
Rm≥ tNmZn®p: Xm¶ƒ A√m-lp-hn-s\-∏n-Sn®v kXyw sNøp-Ib- mtWm?
At±lw ]d™p: {]hm-NI - s‚ ASpØp sh®v Da¿ A°mcyw kXyw
sNbvXp ]d-bp-∂Xv Rm≥ tI´-Xm-Wv. F∂n´v {]hm-N-I≥ At±-lsØ
XS-™n-cp-∂n-√.)
A_q-Zm-hqZpw ss_l-Jnbpw D≤-cn-°p∂p:
(\m^n-Av ]d™p: C_v\p Da¿ ]d-bp-am-bn-cp∂p; A√m-lp-hmW! C_v\p

køm-ZmWv ako-lp-±÷
- m-se∂ Imcy-Øn¬ Rm≥ kwi-bn-°p-t∂-bn-√.)
(Da¿ ]d™p: ssZh-Zq-X-tc, F\n-°-\p-hmZw \evIn-bm-epw, Rm\-hs\

sIm∂p-If - b
- s
- ´. At∏mƒ ssZh-Zq-X≥ ]d™p: "Ch-\mWv Z÷m-se-¶n¬
Xm¶sf A[n-Im-cs - ∏-Sp-Øn-bn-ń-√. C\n Ah≥ Z÷m-es - √-¶ntem Ahs\
h[n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Hcp ]pWyhpw t\Sm-\p-an-√) (A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv)
C_v\p køm-Zn-s\-°p-dn®v lZo-kp-If - n¬ h∂ Nne ]cm-a¿i-ßf- mWv
apI-fn¬ hmbn-®X - .v C_v\p køm-ZmWv Z÷m-se∂p klm-_n-am-cn¬ Nne¿
[cn-®p-h-im-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v AXn¬\n-s∂ms° a\-n-em-°mw. Cu [mc-
Wbv°v \nZm-\w, C_v\p kømZv Z÷m-es - √∂v \_n(-k) Xo¿Øp ]d-™n-
s√-∂p-≈X - m-W.v ""Ch-\mWv Z÷m-se-¶n¬ Ahs\ sIm√m≥ Xm¶sf A[n-
Im-cs
- ∏-Sp-Øn-bn-ń-√. adn-®m-sW-¶n¬ Ahs\ sIm∂-Xp-sIm≠v bmsXmcp
t\´hpw In´m-\p-an-√.'' F∂p ]d™v aXn-bm°p-I-bm-Wt√m Ahn-S∂v
sNbvXX - .v C_v\p kømZv Z÷m-em-sWt∂m As√t∂m \_n(-k)°v Xo¿®-
bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂pw A°m-cy-Øn¬ Ahn-St- Ø°v kwi-ba- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-
sh∂p Xs∂-bmWv CXn¬\n∂v a\-n-em-hp-I.
61
lZokv ]fin-X∑
- m¿ F¥p ]d-bp∂p? C_v\p lP-dn¬ AkvJe
- m\n
Fgp-Xp∂p:
(JØm_n ]d™p: apXn¿∂-Xn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ C_v\p køm-Zns‚ Imcy-

Øn¬ ]q¿hnI ]fin-X∑ - m¿°v A`n-{]m-bm-¥c- a
- p-≠v. Abmƒ B hmZw
]n≥h-en®v ]›m-Ø-]n-°p-Ibpw aZo-\-bn¬ ac-W-a-S-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-
Xmbpw Ah¿ Abm-fpsS P\mk \a-kvI-cn® thf-bn¬ P\-ßƒ°p
ImWm≥ ]mI-Øn¬ Abm-fpsS apJw Xpd-∂p-sh®v "CXm, \nßƒ km£n-
I-fm-hpI' sb∂v hnfn-®p-]d- ™
- X
- mbpw D≤-cn-°s
- ∏-ń-´p-≠.v \hhn ]d™p:
]fin-X-∑m¿ ]d-bp∂p: C_v\p køm-Zns‚ {]iv\w kwi-bm-kv]-Zhpw
Imcyw Ahy-‡-hp-am-Wv. F∂m¬ Abmƒ Hcp Z÷m-em-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂
Imcy-Øn¬ kwi-ba - n-√. Abm-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ \_n(-k)°p bmsXmcp
Xc-Øn-ep≈ hlvbpw e`n-®n-cp-∂n-√ F∂-XmWv hkvXp-X. Z÷m-ens‚
Nne KpW-ßƒ kw_-‘n®v am{X-amWv Ahn-St- Ø°v hlvbv e`n-®n-cp-∂-
Xv. C_v\p køm-Zn-em-hs´ km[y-X-bp≈ AØcw Nne AS-bm-f-ß-fp-
≠m-bn-cp∂p Xm\pw. A°m-c-Ww-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Abm-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬
Ahn-S∂v H∂pw Xo¿Øp ]d-™n-√. Da-dn-t\mSv, Abmsf h[n-®X - p-sIm≠v
H∂pw t\Sm-\n-s√∂v am{Xw ]d-™p.) (^Xvlp¬ _mcn, 13/327)
C_v\p køm-Zns‚ IYbv°p ss_lJn \evInb hni-Zo-Ic - Ww C{]-
Im-ca- mWv:
(]ns∂ ss_lJn ]d™p: Da¿ i]Yw sNbvXXv kw_-‘n®v \_n(-k)

au\w ]q≠p F∂-Xn¬ Ihn™p bmsXm∂pw Pm_n-dns‚ lZo-kn-en-√.
At∏mƒ Abm-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ \_n(-k) kwi-bm-ep-hm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw
]n∂o-SmWv Ahn-St- Ø°v A√m-lp-hn¬\n∂v AXp as‰m-cm-fm-bn-cn-°p-sa-
∂p-≈ ÿnco-I-cWw h∂p Inń-bXv F∂pw hcpw. Xao-ap-±m-cn-bpsS IY-
62
bpsS Xm¬]cyw AXm-Wv. C_v\p køm-Z√ a‰mtcm BWv Z÷m-se∂v

Xo¿Øp ]bp-∂h - c- psS Ah-ew-_hpw AXp-Xs
- ∂. B am¿Kw Xs∂-bmWv
IqSp-X¬ icn-bpw. C_v\p køm-Zn¬ I≠ KpW-ßƒ Z÷m-ens‚ KpW-ß-
fp-ambn HØp-h∂p Ft∂ hcq.) (^-Xvlp¬ _mcn, hmfyw 13, t]Pv 326)
Zzo]nse _‘n-X\
- m-sW∂ A`n-{]mbw
Xao-ap-±mcn D≤-cn®, Zzo]nse _‘n-X-\mWv Z÷m-se-∂mWv Hcp
hn`mKw hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xv. apkvenapw A_q-Zm-hqZpw D≤-cn-°p-∂p.
ssJkns‚ aIƒ ^mXzna ]d-bp∂p:
63
(A√m-lp-hns‚ dkq-ens‚ Hcp hnfn-bmƒ hnfn-°p-∂Xv Rm≥ tI´p. ]pcp-

j-∑m-cpsS sXm´p ]n∂n-ep≈ kv{XoI-fpsS AWn-bn-emWv Rm≥ \n∂n-
cp-∂X - .v \a-kIv m-cØ- n\p tijw dkq¬(-k) anº-dn¬ Ib-dn-bn-cp-∂p. Ahn-
S∂v Nncn-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ahn-S∂v ]d™p: F√m-hcpw kzÿm-\ß - -
fn-en-cn-°pI! F∂n-´h - n-S∂v ]d™p: Rm≥ \nßsf hnfn-®p-Iq-ń-bs - X-¥n-
s\-∂d- n-bmtam?' Ah¿ ]d™p: A√m-lp-hn\pw Ahs‚ ZqX-\p-amWv IqSp-
X¬ Adn-bp-I.' Ahn-S∂v ]d™p: Fs¥-¶nepw BImw-£tbm D¬°-
WvTtbm D≈-Xp-sIm≠v hnfn-®p-Iq-ń-b-X-√. Rm≥ \nßsf hnfn-®p-Iq-´m-
\p≈ ImcWw: Xao-ap-±mcn Hcp {InkvXym-\n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw Ct∏mƒ
h∂v A\p-kc - W
- {- ]-Xn⁄ sNbvXp apkven-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. am{X-hp-a√ ako-
lp-±÷- m-en-s\-°p-dn®v Rm≥ \nß-tfmSv ]d-™n-cp-∂X - n-t\mSv HØp-hc- p∂
Hcp kw`hw Abmƒ D≤-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. At±lw Ft∂mSv
]d-bp∂p: eJw, PpZmw F∂o IpSpw-_-ß-fn¬s]´ ap∏tXmfw Bfp-I-
tfm-sSm∏w At±lw Hcp I∏¬ bm{X \SØn. Hcp amk-°mew kap-{Z-
Øn¬ Xnc-am-eI - ƒ Ahsc h´w-Id - °
- n. A\-¥cw Ah¿ AkvXa - b ka-
bØv Hcp Zzo]n¬ I∏-e-Sp-∏n-®p. F∂n´v Ah¿ I∏-ense h≈-Øn-en-
cp∂v Zzo]n¬ IS-∂p. icocw apgp-h≥ tcmaw-sIm≠v aqSnb Hcp Pohn
Ahsc kao-]n-®p. tcmam-[n-Iyw-sIm≠v AXns‚ ap≥-˛] - n≥ `mK-ßƒ GsX-
∂p-t]mepw Xncn-®d - n-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.
"\miw! BcmWp \o?' Ah¿ tNmZn-®p.
"Rm\mWv "Pmkv'˛ AXp adp-]Sn ]d-™p.
"F¥p Pmv?' F∂mbn Ah¿.
"tl Iq´-tc, B IpSn-en¬ Hcp a\p-jy-\p-≠v. \nß-fpsS hnh-c-a-dn--
64
bm≥ sImXn-]q-≠n-cn-°p-Ib - mWv Abmƒ. AXn-\m¬ Ahn-tS°v sN√pI'˛

B Pohn ]d-™p.
Xaow ]d™p: B Pohn Hcp a\p-jy-s\-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂Xv tI´-t∏mƒ
AXp h√ `qXtam at‰m Bbn-cn-°ptam F∂v Rßƒ kwi-bn-®p.
At±lw ]d-bp∂p: Rßƒ AXn-thKw B IpSn-en-te°v t]mbn. Zo¿L-
Im-b\- mb Hcp a\p-jy-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂p AhnsS; Im¬ap´pw Im¬h-Æbpw
XΩnepw ssI Igp-Øn-te°pw Ccpºv Nß-es - Im≠v `{Z-ambn _‘n-®n´
Hcp a\p-jy≥.
"IjvSw! Xm¶ƒ BcmWv?' ˛R-ßƒ tNmZn®p
"\nßƒ°p Fs‚ hnh-c-a-dn-bm≥ kuIcy wIn-ń-bn-cn-°p-∂p-h-t√m.
AXn-\m¬ \nßƒ Bcm-sW∂v BZyw ]d™p Xcn-I.'
Ah¿ ]d™p: "Rßƒ Ad-_n-If - m-Wv. Hcp I∏¬ bm{X-bn-te¿s∏-
´-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. bmZr-On-Ia- m-bmWv kap{Zw CfIn adn-™Xv. Aßs\ Xnc-
am-e-Iƒ Hcp amk-°mew Rß-sf-bn´v h´w Id-°n. XpS¿∂v Xm¶-fpsS
Cu Zzo]n-se-Øn-s∏-´p. Rßƒ Zzo]n-en-dßn I∏-en¬\n∂v A[nIw Zqsc-
b-√m-sØm-cn-S-Øn-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv icocw apgp-h≥ tcmaw sIm≠v aqSnb
Hcp Pohn Rß-fpsS ASpØv h∂-Xv. tcmam-[nIyw ImcWw AXns‚
ap≥-˛-]n≥ `mK-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ ]‰p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.
Rßƒ tNmZn®p: IjvSw! BcmWp \o?'
AXp ]d™p: Rm≥ Pm-m-Wv.'
Rßƒ: "F¥p Pmv?'
B IpSn-en-ep≈ Bsf sN∂p ImW-W-sa∂pw Abmƒ \nß-fpsS
hm¿Ø tIƒ°m≥ AXo-hX - ¬]-c\- m-sW∂pw B Pohn ]d-™p. Aß-
s\-bmWv Rßƒ [rXn-]n-Sn®v Xm¶-fpsSbSpØv h∂-X.v AXp h√ `qXtam
at‰m Bbn-cn-°ptam F∂p-hsc Rßƒ kwi-bn-®p.
At∏mƒ Abmƒ tNmZn-°-bmbn: ss_km-\nse CuØ-∏-\-tØm-´-
ß-sf-∏‰n ]d-™p-Xc - mtam?'
Rßƒ: "Xm¶ƒ°p AXp kw_-‘n®p F¥mWv Adn-tb-≠Xv?'
Abmƒ: "Ahn-SsØ CuØ-∏\ - t- Øm-´ß- sf kw_-‘n-®mWv F\n-
°-dn-tb-≠Xv; Ah Imbv°p-∂pt≠m F∂v.'
Rßƒ: "AsX.'
Abmƒ: "F∂m¬ Ah Imbv°mØ Hcp Imew hcpw.
Abmƒ: "X_vcokv XSm-I-sØ-∏‰n ]d-bmtam?'
Rßƒ: "Xm¶ƒ°v AXp kw_-‘n®v F¥mWv Adn-tb-≠Xv?'
Abmƒ: "AXn¬ sh≈-apt≠m?'
Rßƒ: "AXn¬ [mcmfw sh≈-ap≠v.'
Abmƒ: "F∂m¬ AXn¬ sh≈w Xo¿Øpw h‰n-t∏m-Ip∂ Hcp Imew
hcpw.
Abmƒ: "kK¿ Dd-h-sb-∏‰n ]d-™p-X-cmtam?'
Rßƒ: "Xm¶ƒ°v AXp kw_-‘n®v F¥mWv Adn-tb-≠Xv?'
65
Abmƒ: "AXn¬ sh≈-apt≠m? Bfp-Iƒ B sh≈w Irjn-°p-]-

tbm-Kn-°m-dpt≠m?'
Rßƒ: "AsX, AXn¬ [mcmfw sh≈-ap-≠v. Ahn-S-Øp-Im¿ AXp
Irjn°p]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-ap-≠v.'
Abmƒ: \nc-£-ccmb B P\-X-bn¬ hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ {]hm-N-I-s\-
∏‰n ]d-™p-Xc - mtam? At±lØns‚ Imcyw F¥mbn?
Ah¿: At±lw a°-bn¬ h∂p. bkvcn-_n¬ FØn. AhnsS Xma-k-
am-°n.
Abmƒ: "At±-lh - p-ambn Ad-_n-Iƒ bp≤-Øn-te¿s∏-ń-cp-∂pthm?'
Rßƒ: "AsX.'
Abmƒ: "F∂n´v, Ah-sc-¥mbn?'
Rßƒ: At±lw Np‰p-ap≈ Ad-_n-Isf apgp-h≥ Pbn-®-S-°p-Ibpw
Ah-sc-√m-hcpw At±-lsØ A\p-kc - n-®p-t]m-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
Xaow ]d-bp∂p: "Abmƒ tNmZn-°p-I-bm-bn: Aß-s\-sbms° kw`-
hn-®n-cn-°p-∂pthm?'
Rßƒ: "AsX.'
Abmƒ: "At±-lsØ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-XmWv Ah¿°v \√-Xv. C\n
Rm≥ Fs∂-°p-dn®v ]d-bmw. Rm\mWv ako-lp-±÷ - m¬. ASpØv F\n°v
cwK-Øn-dß - m≥ A\p-hmZw Inń-tb-°pw. A∂v Rm≥ cwK-Øn-dß - pw. `qan-
bn-se-√m-bn-SØpw Rm≥ k©-cn-°pw. Hcp ÿehpw hn´p-If - b
- n-√. AXpw
\mev]Xv Znh-kw-sIm-≠v. ]t£, a°-bnepw ssXz_-bnepw F\n°p IS-
°m-\m-hp-I-bn-√. Ah F\n°v XS-b-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-bn-te-sX-¶n-ep-
sam-∂n¬ Rm≥ IS-°m≥ Xp\n-™m¬ aXn. aq¿®-tb-dnb JUvKh - p-ambn
Hcp ae°v Fs∂ t\cn-Spw. Ah-bpsS Hmtcm `mK-Øpw ae-°p-I-fp-≠v.
Ah¿ Ahsb ImØp-sIm-≈pw.'
^mXzna ]d-bp∂p: Iøn-ep≈ hSn-sIm≠v anº-dn¬ IpØn-s°m≠v
A√m-lp-hns‚ dkq¬(-k) aZo-\sb Dt±-in-®p-sIm≠v {]Jym-]n®p:
""CXmWv ssXz_, CXmWv ssXz_, CXmWv ssXz_. Rm\n-°mcyw
\nßsf Adn-bn-®p-ht√m?''
At∏mƒ P\-ß-sf-√m-hcpw ]d-™p: AsX.
{]hm-N-I≥ ]d™p: Xao-ans‚ hnh-cWw Fs∂ BI¿jn-®p. a°,
aZo\ F∂o {]tZ-iß - s - f-°p-dn®pw Z÷m-en-s\-°p-dn®pw Rm≥ \nß-tfmSv
]d-™X - p-ambn AXv HØp-h∂ - n-cn-°p-∂p. ]t£, CXv imw kap-{Z-Øntem
ba≥ IS-entem BWv. AXv Ing-°p-`m-K-Ø-√, AXv Ing-°p-`m-K-Ø-√,
AXp Ing-°p-`m-KØ - √ - .'Ahn-S∂v ssIsIm≠v Ing°p `mK-tØ°v Nq≠p-
∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂p. ^mXzna ]d-bp∂p: Rm\nXv A√mlphns‚ dkq-en¬\n∂v
t\cn´v {Kln-®n-´p-≈X - m-Wv.)(-ap-kvenw)
Zzo]nse Cu _‘n-X-\mWv Z÷m-se∂p ]d-bp∂ as‰mcp hn`mKw
]q¿h-Ime ]fin-X∑ - m-cn-ep-≠v. Xao-ap-±m-cn-bpsS Cu hnh-cWw tI´-Xn¬
]ns∂ C_v\p køm-ZmWv Z÷m¬ F∂ hmZw Da¿ Dt]-£n-s®∂pw
66
Zzo]nse _‘n-X-\mWv Z÷m-se∂v At±-l-Øn\v t_m[yw hs∂-∂p-

sams° Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂p-ap-≠.v F∂m¬ Hcp Imcyw Xo¿®-bmWv; Cu _‘n-
X≥ Z÷m-em-sW∂v \_n(-k) Xo¿Øp ]d-™n-√. Xm≥ ]d-™Xpw Xao-
ap-±mcn ]d-™Xpw XΩn¬ tbmPn®p ImWp-∂p-s≠∂v am{Xw ]d-™p. kw`-
h-hn-h-c-W-Øn\v XpS°w Ipdn-®p-sIm≠v Ahn-S∂p ]d-™Xpw {it≤-b-
amWv: ""h√ BImw-£tbm D¬°-WvTtbm Df-hm-bX - p-sIm-≠√ \nßsf
ChnsS hnfn-®p-Iq-ń-bn-cn-°p-∂X- v. Ckvemw Bt«-jn® Xao-ap-±mcn ako-lp-
±-÷m-en-s\-°p-dn®v Rm≥ \nß-tfmSv ]d-™n-cp∂ kwK-Xn-If - p-ambn HØp-
h-cp∂ Nne Imcy-ßƒ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p...
A{X-Xs∂ {it≤-b-amWv lZo-kns‚ Ah-km\ `mKhpw. Npcp-°-
Øn¬, A∂v {it≤-b-amb Hcp kwKXn F∂-Xn¬ Ihn™ {]m[m-\y-
sam∂pw \_n(-k) Cu kw`-hØ - n\v Iev]n-®X - mbn a\-n-em-Ip-∂n-√. AXm-
b-Xv, Xao-ap-±mcn I≠- _-‘n-X≥ Z÷m-em-sW∂v \_n(-k)°v Xo¿®-bp-
≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ klm-_n-am-cnepw Xm_n-DI - f- nepw Nne¿ Abmƒ
Z÷m-em-sW∂v Dd®p hniz-kn-®n-cp∂p Xm\pw. thsd Nne¿ C_v\p køm-
Zn-s\-bmWv Z÷m-se∂v hniz-kn-®X - v. Xao-ap-±m-cn-bpsS IY _pJmcn D≤-
cn-°m-Xn-cp-∂Xv A¿Y-K¿`-am-sW-∂s{X C_v\p lP¿ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂-
Xv.
(A°m-cy-Øn¬ {]iv\-Øns‚ Ahy-‡X Aev]w cq£-am-b-Xp-sIm-

≠s{X _pJmcn {][m-\-s∏-´Xv ]cn-K-Wn-°p-I-sb∂ coXn kzoI-cn-®p-
sIm≠v C_v\p køm-Zns\ kw_-‘n®v Da-dn¬\n∂v h∂ Pm_n-dns‚
lZokv am{Xw D≤-cn-°p-Ibpw Xao-ans‚ IY-bnse ^mXznam _n≥Xp
ssJkns‚ lZokv D≤-cn-°msX hn´p-If - b
- p-Ibpw sNbvXX- v.) (^-Xvlp¬
_mcn, 13/328)
AXn-\m¬ Z÷m¬ hcp-sa-∂-Xn¬ Ihn-™v, Ah≥ Bcm-sWt∂m
Ft∏mƒ, FhnsS {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-sat∂m ]d-bm≥ km[y-a-√. hyXykvX
lZo-kp-If- n¬\n∂pw ]q¿h ]fin-X∑ - m-cpsS hymJym-\ß - f- n¬\n∂pw a\-
n-em-Ip∂ C°mcyw hy‡-am-°n-bX - ns‚ t]cn-emWv hna¿i-I¿ auZqZn
kmln-_ns\ Bt£-]n-°p-∂X - v.
C\n, Z÷m¬ hcp∂ Ime-˛-tZ-i-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ \_n(-k)°v
Xo¿®-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√, AØcw Imcy-ßƒ kw_-‘n®v lZo-kn¬ h∂
]cm-a¿i-ßƒ \_n(-k)-bpsS \nK-a-\-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p, Ahn-S∂v AXv
hlvbns‚ ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬ ]d-™X - √ F∂n-ßs - \-bp≈ auZq-Zn-bpsS
]cm-a¿i-amWv {]iv\-sa-¶n¬ AXpw t\csØ ]fin-X-∑m¿ hy‡-am-
°n-bXp Xs∂.
67
kp{]-kn≤ lZokv {KŸ-amb "anivIm-Øp¬ akm-_oln's‚ hnh-cW

- -
amb "an¿JmØn'¬ C{]-Imcw ]d-bp∂p:
(Aivd^v ]d™p: Z÷m¬ {]Xy-£s - ∏-Sp∂ ÿew kw_-‘n®v Ahn-

S∂v kwi-bm-ep-hm-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°m≥ km[y-Xb - p-≠v. Cu aq∂nte-sX-¶n-ep-
sam-cn-S-Øv Ah≥ hcm-Xn-cn-°n√ F∂m-bn-cp∂p Ahn-SsØ [mc-W.
]n∂oSv imw˛-b-a≥ kap-{Z-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ]d-™-t∏mƒ Ing-°p-\n-∂mhpw
Ahs‚ BK-a-\-ap-≠m-hp-I-sb∂v hlvbv aqew Ahn-S-tØ°v ZrV-
t_m[yw hcn-Itbm B \nK-a\w anI®p \nev°p-Itbm sNbvXp. Aß-
s\-bmWv BZy-tØXv c≠pw X≈n-∏d - ™v aq∂m-aXv ]d-™X - n\v ÿnco-
I-cWw \evIn-b-Xv.) (an¿JmØv 5/208)
Camw \h-hn-bp-tS-Xmbn apI-fn-ep-≤-cn® {]kvXm-hhpw CXp-Xs∂
hy‡-am-°p-∂p.
C{Xbpw {]kvXm-h-ßƒ Z÷m¬ Hcp a\p-jy-\m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v hy-
‡-am-°p-tºmƒ, Z÷m¬ a\p-jy-\m-bn-cn-°m≥ km[y-X-bn-s√∂v ]d-bp-
∂-hcpw ap≥Ime ]fin-X-∑m-cn¬ Nne-sc-¶n-ep-ap-≠v. ^Xvlp¬ _mcn-
bn¬ Cßs\ ImWmw:
(Ppss_-dp_v\p \pss^¿, ipssd-lp_v\p Dss_-Z,v Awdp-_\ v p¬ Akvh-

Zv, Iko-dp_v\p ap¿d F∂n-h¿ hgn D≤-cn-°s - ∏´ lZo-kp-Ifpw Ch-bn¬
s]Sp-∂p. Ah-sc-√m-hcpw Xs∂ ]d™p: Z÷m¬ a\p-jy-\-√. sNIp-
Øm-\m-Wv. Fgp-]Xp IÆn-I-fp≈ Hcp Nß-e-bn¬ ba≥Zzo-]p-I-fn-te-
Xntem H∂n¬ Ah≥ _‘n-X-\mbn Ign-bp-∂p-≠v. BcmWv Ahs\
_‘n-®-Xv? kpsse-am≥ \_n-bmtWm a‰p h√-h-cp-amtWm Fs∂m∂pw
Adn-bp-Ib - n-√. Ah≥ {]Xy-£s - ∏-Sm-\S- p-Øm¬ sIm√w-tXmdpw A√mlp
Ahs‚ Nß-eb - psS Hmtcm IÆn-hoXw Agn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw.) (^-Xl v p¬
_mcn, 13/328)
Npcp-°Ø- n¬ `n∂-hn-cp-≤ß - f- mb A`n-{]m-bß- ƒ am{X-a√ - , sI´p-IY
- -
Iƒ hsc Z÷m-ens‚ Imcy-Øn¬ apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ {]N-cn-®n-´p-
s≠-∂s{X apI-fn¬ sImSpØ D≤-cW - n-Iƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂X - v. Ah-bn¬
GsX-¶n-ep-sam∂v AwKo-Ic - n-°m\pw AXmWv icn-sb∂v ]d-bm\pw ]‰p∂
68
hn[-Øn-ep≈ sXfn-hp-Is - fm-∂p-an-√. GX-`n-{]m-bØ - n\pw lZo-kp-If - n¬ ]gp-

Xp-≠X v m-\pw.
C\n C_v\p køm-Zns‚ am{Xw Imcy-sa-Sp-°m-sa∂v sh®mtem AXv
AXn-tesd k¶o¿W-am-Wv. \_n(-k)-bpsS hntbm-Km-\-¥cw Hcp l÷v
bm{X-bn¬ {]kn≤ klm-_n-bmb A_q-kC - u-Zn¬ JpZvcn-tbmSv C_v\p
kømZv Bh-em-Xn-s∏-Sp-∂Xv ImWpI:
""Bfp-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv tIń-t√, Rm\m-Wp-t]mepw Z÷m¬! Z÷m¬
kXy-\n-tj-[n-bm-bn-cn-°p-at√m! Rm\m-sW-¶n¬ apkven-am-W.v Z÷m¬ a°-
bnepw aZo-\-bnepw {]th-in-°p-I-bn-s√∂v Xncp-ta\n {]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-
∂p. Rm≥ P\n-®-Xp-Xs∂ aZo-\-bn-em-Wv. Ct∏mƒ t]mhp-∂tXm l÷v
\n¿h-lW - m¿Yw a°-bn-te-°pw....''(ap-kvenw)
]q¿h-]fi - n-X∑- m¿ ]d-™X - p am{Xta auZqZn kmln_pw ]d-™n-´p-
≈qsh∂v C{Xbpw hnh-cn-®X - n¬\n∂v hy‡-am-hp-∂X - m-W.v F∂m¬ ]q¿hn-
Isc apgp-h≥ Ah-K-Wn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ I≠n-s√∂v
\Sn-°p-I-bp-amWv auZq-Zn-s°-Xn-cn¬ Btcm-]-W-ap-∂-bn® hna¿i-I-∑m¿
sNøp-∂X - .v H∏w kz¥w `mh-\b - s v °mØv "AJoZ' ]S-®p-≠m-°p-Ibpw Jp¿-
B≥ kq‡-ßƒ A\-h-k-c-Øn¬ D≤-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F∂n´v
AsXm∂pw kΩ-Xn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-Øh - s- c-°p-dn®v hgn-]n-g® - h- s- c∂v {]Jy-
]n-°p-Ibpw.
hna¿i-I≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Hcp apA-van-\ns‚ KpW-ßsf kw_-‘n®v
hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ {]kvXm-hn-®Xv kvac-Wo-ba - mWv: ""apA-van-\p-Iƒ A√m-
lp-hnepw dkq-enepw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw ]n∂o-SX - n¬ kwi-bn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cm-Wv.''(hn.-Jp. 49: 15)
\_n(-k)-tbmSv A√mlp ]d-bp-∂Xv ImWpI: ""\nw-ibw \nßƒ°v
A√m-lp-hn¬\n∂v kXyw h∂p-Ig- n-™p. \nßƒ kwi-bn-°p-∂h - c- n-epƒs∏-
S-cp-Xv'' (kqd bq\pkv 94). \_n(-k)°p kwibw Xo¿∂n-ń-s√-∂mWv auZq-
Zn-bpsS Pev]\w! Ahn-S∂v AXv Jnbmkv aptJ\bmWv ]d-™s - X∂ Hc-
]-cm-[hpw!'' (P-am-AsØ Ckveman: ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\h - pw, t]Pv 39)
hna¿i-I\ - p-≤c - n® Jp¿-B≥ kq‡-ßƒ c≠pw CØ-cs - amcp {]iv\-
sØ-b√ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂X - v. I]-Sh - n-izm-kn-If - psS I]-S\ - m-SysØ Xpd-∂p-
Im-´p-Ib - mWv 49: 15 kq‡w. Cuam≥ \mhp-sIm≠v Dcp-hn-Sm-hp∂ H∂-s√∂pw
A√m-lp-hnepw ZqX-\n-ep-ap≈ Id-b‰- Xpw kwi-bc - l
- n-Xh - p-amb hnizm-khpw
XZ-Sn-ÿm-\Ø - n-ep≈ XymK-]c - n-{i-aß - f - p-amWv AsX∂pw Ahsc ]Tn-∏n-
°p-Ib - s{X {]kvXpX kq‡-Øn¬ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂X - v. kqdx bq\p-knse
94-˛mw kq‡-am-hs´ \ntj-[n-Iƒ°p≈ adp-]S- n-bWv. Jp¿-Bs‚ Imcy-Øn¬
{]hm-NI - ∂v Atijw kwi-ba- n-s√∂v {]Jym-]n-°p-Ib - mWv AXn¬ sNbvXn-
cn-°p-∂-Xv. Jp¿-B-\n¬ Jfin-X-ambn ]d™ Hcp Imcy-sØ-∏‰n \_n(-
k) AXv kwi-bn®p ]d-™X - m-sW∂v Bsc-¶nepw hmZn-®m¬ Abmƒ°p
]ns∂ Ckvem-an¬ ÿm\-ap-≠m-hp-Ib - n-s√-∂X - n¬ B¿°pw kwi-ba - n-√.
Z÷m¬ Fhn-sS, Ft∏mƒ hcpw F∂Xp kw_-‘n®v D≤-cn-°s - ∏´ lZo-
69
kp-If- psS ÿnXn AX-√t- √m. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n°v A\p-am-\n-°m-hp∂ Nne

cwK-ß-sf-¶n-ep-ap-≠m-hm-sa∂pw Z÷m-ep-ambn _‘-s∏´ hnh-c-W-ßƒ
AØcw Imcy-ßf - n¬ s]´-Xm-sW-∂p-amWv apI-fn¬ sImSpØ D≤-cW - n-
Iƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂X - v.
{]hm-N-I\v CPvXn-lmZv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-sW∂v hna¿i-I\pw kΩ-
Xn-°p-∂p-≠t- √m. CPvXn-lm-Zns‚ êw A\p-am-\a - m-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
AXp-sIm-≠m-Wt√m CPvXn-lm-Zn¬ {]hm-N-I\v Aev]-kz¬]-sams°
]mI-∏n-gh- p-Iƒ ]‰m-sa∂pw \nb-a{- ]-iv\ß
- f
- n¬ AØcw ]mI-∏n-gh - p-Iƒ
]‰n-bm¬ A√mlp AXv DSs\ Xncp-Øp-sa∂pw ]fin-X∑ - m¿ ]d-™n-´p-
≈-X.v
idCu \nb-aß - f - p-ambn _‘-an-√mØ {]iv\ß- f - n¬ {]hm-NI- \v A\p-
am-\hpw kwi-b-{]-I-S-\hpw Bhmtam F∂Xp kw_-‘n®p "^Xvlp¬
_mcn' bn¬ Fgp-Xp∂p:
(\_n-bpsS au\mw-Ko-Imcw kw_-‘n®v C_v\p-ZJ - o-Jn¬ CuZv "id-lp¬

C¬amw' F∂ {KŸ-Øns‚ BZy-`m-KØv N¿® sNbvXn-´p-≠v. At±lw
]d-™-Xns‚ cXv\-®p-cp°w CXmWv: idCu hn[n ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√mØ
h√ Imcyhpw {]hm-NI - k
- ∂
- n-[n-bn¬ sh®v Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°s - ∏-Sp-tºmƒ AXp
kw_-‘n®v {]hm-NI - ≥ au\w Zo£n-°p-∂X - ,v Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°s - ∏´ kwKXn
bmYm¿Yyw Xs∂-bm-sW-∂p-≈-Xn-\p≈ sXfn-hmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°mtam?
C_v\p kømZv Xs∂-bmWv Z÷m-se∂v Da¿ kXyw sNbvXv ]d-™n´pw
\_n(-k) FXn¿∏v ]d-bm-Xn-cp-∂Xv DZm-l-c-Ww. Ahn-S∂v FXn¿Øn√
F∂Xv C_v\p kømZv Xs∂-bmWv Z÷m¬ F∂-Xn\v sXfn-hm-bn-Øo-
cptam? Aß-s\-bm-Wt√m Pm_n¿ a\-n-em-°n-b-Xv. At±-lhpw AXv
kXyw sNbvXp ]d-bp∂p F∂p am{X-a-√, Da-dns‚ kXyw sXfn-hmbn
D≤-cn-°pI IqSn sNøp-∂p-≠v. AtXm, AXp sXfn-hm-bn-Øo-cp-I-bn-s√-
∂mtWm? AXp kw_-‘n®v Nn¥n-t°-≠X - p-≠v. C_v\p ZJo-Jn¬ CuZv
70
]d™p: F\n°p IqSp-X¬ kzoIm-cy-ambn tXm∂p-∂Xv AXp sXfn-

hm-bn-Øo-cp-∂n-s√-∂p≈ A`n-{]m-b-am-Wv. ImcWw, {]iv\-Øns‚
{][m\ hiw sX‰n\v AwKo-Imcw \evIp-∂-Xn¬\n∂v {]hm-N-I≥
kwc-£n-°-s∏-SWw F∂-Xm-Wv. AXm-sW-¶n¬ sX‰m-sW-∂p≈
t_m[ysØ B{i-bn-®m-Wn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. icn-bpsS t_m[y-X-bn-√mbva
am{Xw AXn\v ]cym-]vX-am-hp-I-bn-√. hni-Zo-I-cWw \n¿_-‘-am-hm≥
icn-sb∂v t_m[yw hcm-Xn-cp-∂mepw aXn F∂p-th-W-sa-¶n¬ hmZn-
°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXn\v ]t£, sXfnhv thWw. sXfnhv ka¿∏n-°-
em-hs´ Akm-[y-hp-am-Ip-∂p. AsX, ⁄m\sØ Bkv]-Zn-®√ AXp-
≈-sX-∂-Xn-\m¬ anI® A\p-am-\sØ Bkv]-Z-am°n AØcw Imcy-
ß-fn¬ au\-k-ΩXw {]am-W-am°n kXyw sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.''(^-
Xvlp¬ _mcn 13: 327)
C_v\p kømZv Z÷m-em-sW∂v \_n(-k)-bpsS apºn¬ sh®v Da¿(d)
kXyw sNbvX-t∏mƒ \_n(-k) AXns\ FXn¿°msX au\w-Zo-£n-®Xv
C_v\p kømZv Z÷m¬ Xs∂-bm-sW-∂X - n\p sXfn-hm-hp-Ib
- n√ F∂mWv
ChnsS ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Imc-Ww, Abmƒ Z÷m-e√ F∂Xv \_n(-k)°v
At∏mƒ t_m[y-s∏-´p-I-gn-™n-cp-∂n-√. sXs‰∂p t_m[y-s∏-´p-I-gn-™-
Xn\v AwKo-Imcw \evIp-∂tX {]hm-NI - s‚ A{]-am-Zn-Xz-Øn\v hncp-≤a- m-
Iq. ⁄m\sØ Bkv]Z- n-®√ - m-ØX - n-\m¬, anI® A\p-am-\sØ Bkv]-
Zn-®p≈ au\-kΩ - X
- sØ B[m-ca - m°n kXyw sNøm-hp-∂X - m-sW∂v Da-
dns‚ kXysØ sXfn-hp-≤c - n-®p-sIm≠v C_v\p lP¿ XpS¿∂v \ymbo-I-
cn-°p-∂p.
CsXm-s°-Ø-s∂-bmWv auZqZn kmln_pw ]d-™-Xv. ]t£, Pam-
AØv hntcm[w sIm≠v IÆp-Im-WmØ hna¿i-I¿ Iøn¬ XS™ GXp
hSn-bp-sa-SpØv auZq-Znsb ASn-°p-tºmƒ, Xßƒ Xs∂ BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw
A\p-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]q¿hnI ]fin-X-∑m¿°mWv BZyw AXv
sIm≈p-∂s - X∂ Imcyw ad-∂p-t]m-hp-∂p.
71
Bdv
{]hm-N-I-Xz-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw
{]hm-N-IXzw X]-n-cp∂pw t\Sm-\m-hp-sa∂v auZqZn ]d-™n-cn-°p-
∂p-sh-∂-XmWv as‰m-cm-tcm-]-Ww. hna¿i-I≥ Fgp-Xp∂p:
""F∂m¬ ]q¿hn-Ic - n¬\n∂pw e`n® k¿h-XØ - z-ßfpw ssIsh-Sn™v
kz¥w Kth-j-W-a-\p-k-cn®v hnizm-k-ß-fnepw a‰pw Hcp ]pXnb ]≤Xn
Bhn-jvI-cn® A_p¬ AAvem auZqZn {]hm-N-I-XzsØ hne-bn-cp-Øp-
∂Xv ImWpI: "\mev]Xv hb-p-hsc C{Xbpw hnin-jvShpw ]cn-ip-≤hpw
]cn-]m-h\- hpw am\y-hp-amb D∂-XP- o-hnXw \bn-®X - n\p tijw Xs‚ Np‰p-
]mSpw hym]n-®p-In-S°
- p∂ A‘-Im-cØ - m¬ At±lw ]cn-{`m-¥N - n-Ø\ - mbn
`hn-°p-∂p. \m\m-`m-KØ - p-\n∂pw Xs∂ hebw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂ A⁄-
X, Zpxkz-`mhw, ZpjvI¿aw, Ahy-h-ÿn-Xm-h-ÿ, in¿°v, _nw_m-cm-[\
F∂n-Xp-I-fm-Ip∂ A‘-Im-c-a-b-amb kap-{Z-Øn¬\n∂v At±lw c£-
t\-Sm≥ Bin-°p-∂p. Imc-Ww, Xs‚ {]Ir-Xn-°\ - p-tbm-Py-ambn bmsXm∂pw
AhnsS C√. Ah-km\w P\-hm-k-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬\n∂v Zqsc Hcp ]¿hX
Kpl-bnse im¥hpw GIm-¥-hp-amb Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ At±lw ]e Znh-k-
ßƒ Ign-®p-Iq-ń. ]ńWn InS∂v Bflm-hn-s\bpw lrZ-b-a-kvXn-jvI-ß-
sfbpw IqSp-X¬ \n¿a-ehpw ]cn-ip-≤h - p-am-°p-∂p. AhnsS Ccp∂v Btem-
Nn-°p-∂p. Nn¥m aKv\\ - mbn ]e cm{Xn-Iƒ Ign-®p-Iq-´p-∂p. Np‰p-]mSpw hym]n-
®p-In-S-°p∂ A‘-Im-csØ \o°w sNøm≥ DX-Ip∂ Hcp shfn-®sØ
At±lw A£-a-tbmsS ]c-Xp-∂p. AsX, \mi-K¿Ø-Øn¬ B≠p-In-S-
°p∂ B Zpjn® temIsØ A∏msS am‰n ]cn-ip-≤hpw kam-[m-\] - c - h
- p-
amb Hcp \h-temIw sIń-∏S- p-°m-\p-XI - p∂ i‡n X\n°p Ic-KX - a- m-sb-
¶n¬ F∂-t±lw Bin-°p-∂p.''(Ckvemw aXw 61)
""hnizm-k-ß-fnepw I¿a-ß-fnepw Hcp ]pXnb ]≤Xn Bhn-jvI-cn®
A_p¬ AAvem auZqZn {]hm-N-I-XzsØ kw_-‘n®v hnh-cn-®-XmWv
ta¬ {]kvXm-hn-®-Xv. ]cn-ip≤ Ckvem-ans\ kw_-‘n-®p≈ ]cn-]q¿W-
amb A⁄-Xb - n¬\n∂pw DS-se-Sp-ØX - mWv ta¬ hnh-cn® hmZ-sa∂v \mw
{]tXyIw Hm¿°-Ww. A_p¬-AA - v-em-bpsS Cu hni-Zo-Ic - Ww A\p-k-
72
cn®v {]hm-N-I-Xz-sa-∂Xv a\p-jy≥ Ahs‚ kz]-cn-{i-a-ßƒsIm≠v

D≠m-°n-Øo¿°p∂ H∂m-sW∂pw Dd-s°m-gn®pw Xe-]p-I-™m-tem-
Nn®pw Nn¥m-a-·-\m-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ \_n(-k) Xßƒ°v AXp Ic-ÿ-
am-°m≥ km[n-®p-sh∂pw hcp-tºmƒ {]hm-N-IXzw a\p-jys‚ A[zm-
\-^-e-am-sW∂v hy‡-am-b-t√m. Cu hni-Zo-I-cWw ]cn-ip≤ Zo\p¬
Ckv e mans\ Xcw Xmgv Ø n- ° m- W n- ° m- \ - √ msX F¥n\p- ] - I -
cn°pw?''(C-kvemapw auZqZn aZvl-_pw, t]Pv 45, 46)
"Ckvemw aXw' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ hna¿i-I\v Zln-°msX
t]mbXv GXp Imcy-am-sW∂v hy‡-a-√. lndm-Kp-l-bn¬ sN∂v \_n(-
k) [ym\n-®n-cp∂p F∂v ]d-™-Xm-Im≥ Xc-an-√. lZokv ˛N-cn{X
{KŸ-ß-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-´p-In-S-°p∂ H∂m-W-Xv. Np‰p-]mSpw \S-°p∂
A{I-a-ß-sfbpw A\o-Xn-sbbpw Ipdn®pw _lp-ssZ-h-Xz-˛-in¿°p-]-
c-amb Pohn-X-co-Xn-sb-°p-dn®pw Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw Ad-∏p-f-hm-°p∂ B
Ah-ÿ-bvs°mcp am‰w h∂p ImWm-\m-{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sh∂v
]d-™-Xm-bn-cn-°ptam? AXn\pw km[yX Ipd-hm-Wv. Imc-Ww, {]hm-
N-I-∑m¿ kq£va _p≤n-Ifpw ip≤-{]-Ir-X-cp-amsW∂mWv Alvep-
p-∂Øn h¬ Pam-A-Øns‚ hnizm-kw. hna¿i-I\pw AXw-Ko-I-cn-
°p-∂p-≠m-hpw. _p≤n-ssh-`-hhpw kwkvIm-c-t_m-[-hp-ap≈ Bfp-Iƒ
Xß-f-I-s∏´ Zpjn® Np‰p-]m-Sn-s\-°p-dn®pw AXn¬\n∂v c£-s∏-Sm-
\p≈ am¿K-sØ-°p-dn®pw Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw AXn-s\mcp am‰w h∂p
ImWm≥˛kz¥w P\-X-bpsS am¿K-Nyp-Xn-bn¬ thZ\ tXm∂p-∂-h-cm-
sW-¶n¬ {]tXy-In-®pw-˛-B-{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøpI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv.
Cs√-¶n¬ Abmƒ a\p-jys‚ IjvS-∏m-Sn¬ kwXr]vXn Is≠-Øn-
sb-t∂m, Npcp-ßn-b-]£w \n¿hn-Im-c-\m-bn-cp-s∂t∂m ]d-tb-≠n-h-
cpw. AXm-Is´ a\pjy kvt\l-ap≈ Hcp km[m-c-W-°m-c\p t]mepw
A\p-tbm-Py-a-√. F∂n-´t√ Zbm-a-b-\mb {]hm-N-Is‚ Imcyw. F¶n¬
]ns∂ ta¬ D≤-c-Wn-bn¬ hna¿i-I\v ]nSn-°msX t]mb `mKw
GXmWv? {]hm-N-IXzw X]-n-cp∂p t\Sm-sa∂v B D≤-c-Wn-bn-se-
hn-sS-bp-an-√. AXv hna¿i-Is‚ kz¥w hI-bm-Wv. {]hm-N-I-Xz-sa-
∂Xv A√m-lp-hns‚ {]tXyI Zm\-am-sW∂pw AXv X]-n-cp∂v t\Sm-
\m-hp∂ H∂-s√∂pw am{X-a-√, apl-Ω-Zv(-k)°v {]hm-N-IXz e_v[n°p
apºv AXp kw_-‘n®v Fs¥-¶nepw [mc-W-t]mepw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-
s√∂pw auZqZn A¿Y-i-¶-°n-S-an-√mØ hn[w hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. X]-
n-cp-∂m¬ {]hm-N-IXzw e`n-°p-I-bn-s√∂v sXfn-bn-°m≥ hna¿i-
I≥ D≤-cn® Jp¿-B≥ kq‡w CXmWv: ""\_n-tb, Xm¶ƒ Ahn-S-
tØ°v hlvtbm InXmt_m e`n-°p-∂-Xns\ Bin-®n-cp-∂n-√. adn-®v,
Xm¶ƒ°v hlvbpw InXm_pw e`n-®Xv A√m-lp-hns‚ al-Ømb
A\p-{Klw sIm≠v am{X-am-Wv.''(A-»qdm 52)
kq‡-Øns‚ icn-bmb A¿Yw C{]-Im-c-amWv: ""Aßs\ \ΩpsS
imk-\b - m-Ip∂ ssNX\yw \mw Xm¶ƒ°p t_m[\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.
73
thZhpw Cuam\pw F¥m-sW∂v Xm¶ƒ°-dn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. F¶nepw

\mw AsXmcp tPymXn-m-°n. AXp-hgn kz¥w ASn-a-I-fn¬ \man-—n-
°p∂h¿°p \mw am¿K-Z¿i\w \evIp-∂p. \n›-bw, Xm¶ƒ \bn-
°p-∂Xv k∑m¿K-Øn-te°v Xs∂-bm-Ip-∂p.''(42: 52)
Cu kq‡-Øns‚ hnh-c-W-Øn¬ auZqZn Fgp-Xp∂p: ""{]hm-N-
IXz e_v[n°p apºv h√ {KŸhpw X\n°p e`n-t®-°p-sa∂ Nn¥
Xncp-lr-Z-b-Øn¬ A¶p-cn-°p-I-bm-h-s´, Ahn-S∂v AXm-{K-ln-°p-I-
bm-hs´ D≠m-bn-ń√. A{X-bp-a-√, BIm-i-{K-Ÿ-ß-sf-°p-dnt®m Ah-
bpsS D≈-S-°-sØ-°p-dnt®m Ahn-S∂p Xosc t_m[-hm-\m-bn-cp-∂p-
an-√. A{]-Imcw Xs∂, Ahn-S-tØ°v ssZh-t_m-[w Xo¿®-bmbpw
D≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw A√m-lp-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Fs¥√mw Imcy-
ßƒ a\p-jy≥ AwKo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-bp-s≠-∂-Xns‚ hni-Zmw-i-ß-sf-
°p-dnt®m ae-°p-Iƒ, {]hm-N-I-Xzw, ssZhnI {KŸ-ßƒ, ]c-temIw
BZn-bm-b-h-sb-°p-dn®p≈ H´p-h-fsc Imcy-ßƒ AwKo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xp-
s≠∂Xv kw_-‘nt®m Adn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. C°m-cy-ßƒ c≠pw
a°-bnse \ntj-[n-Iƒ°pw Adn-bm-Ø-Xm-bn-cp-∂n√. {]hm-N-IXzw
kw_-‘n-®p≈ ]c-ky-{]-Jym-]-\-Øn\v sXm´p-apºv hsc Xncp-\m-hn¬
\n∂v ssZhnI {KŸ-sØ-°p-dn®v h√Xpw tIń-cp-∂p-sh∂Xnt\m, a\p-
jy≥ C∂-bn∂ Imcy-ßƒ hniz-kn-t°-≠-Xp-s≠∂v Ahn-S∂v ]d-
™n-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xnt\m Fs¥-¶nepw km£yw sIm≠p-h-cm≥ hnip≤
a°-bnse bmsXm-cmƒ°pw km[n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]t≠, {]hm-N-I-
\m-Im≥ sImXn-]q-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp hy‡n-bn¬\n-∂v, \mev]Xv h¿j-
°mew A√pw ]Iepw Xt∂m-sSm∏w Ign™p h∂n-cp∂ BfpIƒ°v
Abm-fpsS \mhn¬\n∂v kXy-hn-izmkw (Cu-am≥), thZ-{K-Ÿw(-In-
Xm-_v) F∂n-h-sb-∏‰n Hcp hm°p-t]mepw tIƒ°m≥ km[n-®n-s√∂pw
\mev]Xp hbv ]q¿Øn-bmb DSs\ Hcp \mƒ s]s´∂v AØcw
Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v At±lw {]kw-Kn®p XpS-ßn-sb∂pw ]d-bpI hø.
AØcw Hc-hÿ Xo¿Øpw Akw-`-hy-am-sW-∂Xv hfsc hy‡-am-
Wv.'' (X^vlo-ap¬ Jp¿-B≥, hmfyw 4, t]Pv 52)
C\n "Ckvemw aXw' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬\n∂v hna¿i-I≥ D≤-cn®
`mKØv {]hm-N-IXz e_v[n°v apºp≈ apl-ΩZv \_n(-k)-bpsS Ah-
ÿ-sb-°p-dn®v auem\m auZqZn hnh-cn® kwK-Xn-If
- psS km[y-Xs - b-∏‰n
]ucm-WnI ]fin-X∑ - m¿ F¥p ]d-bp-∂p-sh∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. Jp¿-B-
\n¬ (94: 2,3 ) Cßs\ Hcp hmIy-ap-≠v:
(\ns‚ apXp-Ins\ sRcn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ `mcw \mw Cd°n sh®p-Xc

- n-Ibpw
sNbvXnt√?)
CXns‚ hnh-c-W-Øn¬ Camw dmkn Fgp-Xp∂p:
74
({]iv\w aq∂v....[-hn-h-cW coXn-I-fn¬ aq∂m-a-tØ-Xv] Xm≥ shdp-Øn-

cp-∂Xpw Jeo-en-˛-C-_vdm-low(-A)-˛s‚ Ncy-bn¬ Ah¿ hcp-Øn-b-Xp-
amb am‰-as{X B `mcw. A√mlp i‡n-tb-Ip-Ibpw C_vdm-lo-ans‚
]mX ]n¥p-S-cpI F∂v \n¿tZ-in-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xp hsc Ahsc
XS-bm≥ At±-l-Øn-\m-hp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√...[hn-h-cWw Hº-Xv] `mcw F∂p
]d-™-Xp-sIm-≠p≈ hnh-£, {]hm-N-IXz e_v[n-°p-apºv At±-l-
Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]cn-{`-a-am-Wv. AXm-b-Xv, At±lw XnI-hm¿∂
kz¥w _p≤n-sIm≠v, C√m-bva°p tijw D◊, Pohn-Xw, _p≤n
XpSßn A√mlp \evInb hnhn-[-ßfpw A]m-c-ß-fp-amb A\p-{K-l-
ß-sf-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-®-t∏mƒ B A\p-{K-l-ßƒ `mc-ambn A\p-`-h-
s∏-Sp-Ibpw e÷-sIm≠v apXpIv sRcn-bp-∂n-S-tØmfw Imcyw FØn-
s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. A√mlp \evInb A\p-{Klw A‰p-
t]m-hmØXmsW∂v \_n(-k)-°d- n-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Fßs\ thWw
\mY\v hgn-s∏-Sm-s\∂v Ahn-St- Ø-°d - n-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n√ Xm\pw. Aßs\
{]hm-NI- X- zhpw \n¿tZ-iß - fpw h∂p-In-´p-Ibpw Fßs\ thWw \mYs\
hgn-s∏-Sm-s\-∂Xp kw_-‘n®v Adnhv e`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXt- ∏mƒ Ahn-S-
tØ°v e÷ Ipd-™p-In-´p-Ibpw B hnj-ak - ‘n eLq-Ic - n-°s
- ∏-Sp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. A\p-{Klw F{X-ta¬ h¿[n®p Inń-bmepw ]Icw tkh\w sNøm-
\m-hp-∂n-s√∂p sh®v ZpjvS≥ H´pw e÷n-°p-Ib - n-√. F∂m¬ A\p-{Klw
Gdn-tb-dn-hc- n-Ibpw GXp hn[-Øn-se-¶nepw ]Icw h√ tkh-\hpw sNøm≥
Ign-bmsX hcn-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ e÷-sIm≠v kzbw \in-°p-amdv am\y-
∑m¿ {]bm-ks - ∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. A\p{Kl ZmXmhv Fs¥-¶nepw tkh\w
sNøm≥ Iev]n-®mtem Abmƒ°v B `mcw Ipd-™p-In-´p-Ibpw a\v
75
kwXr-]vX-am-hp-Ibpw sNøpw.''(X-^vko-dp¬ I_o¿, hmfyw 8, t]Pv

429-˛430)
Camw dmkn-bpsS hnh-c-W-Øns‚ Npcp-°-an-XmWv: ""C_vdm-lo(-A)-
ans‚ Ncy-bn¬ kaqlw hcp-Ønb am‰w h¿[n® shdp-t∏mSp IqSn-bmWv
{]hm-NI - Xz e_v[n°p apºpw apl-ΩZ- (v k - ) t\m°n-°≠ - n-cp-∂X- .v F∂m¬
C_vdm-loao Ncy-bpsS bYm¿Y Nn{Xw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS apºn-ep-≠m-bn-
cp∂n-√. B am¿K-{`w-i-Øn¬\n∂v Ahsc XS-bm≥ Ign-s™-¶n-se∂v
At±lw B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A√mlp \evInb A]m-c-amb
A\p-{K-l-ßƒ°p \µn tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xv Fß-s\-sb-∂-dn-bm-Ø-
Xn¬ Ahn-S∂v h¿[n® at\m-hn-j-a-a-\p-`-hn-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. {]hm-
N-I-Xz-e-_v[n-tbmsS AXn\v ia\w h∂p. AXmWv 94: 2˛mw kq‡-
Øns‚ Xm¬]-cyw.''
`mjm-hy-Xymkw am‰n-\n-dp-Øn-bm¬ Camw dmkn C∏-d™ - X
- n¬\n∂v
Gsd-sbm∂pw `n∂-a√ auZq-Zn-km-ln_v "Ckvemw-aX'Øn¬ ]d-™Xpw.
{]hm-N-IXzw X]-n-cp∂v t\Sm-sa-∂mWv Camw dmkn ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-
sX∂v Bt£-]n-°p-∂Xv kwK-X-a-s√-¶n¬ "Ckvemw-aX'Ønse D≤rX
`mK-sa-SpØv auZq-Zn-sb Bt£-]n-°p-∂X - n\pw bmsXmcp \oXo-Ic - W
- h
- p-
an-√. am{Xtam, hna¿i-Ic - psS Bt£-]Ø - ns‚ Ip¥-ap\ HSn-°m≥ t]m∂-
XmWv "Ckvemw-aX'Ønse AtX A[ym-b-Øn-se-Øs∂ Xmsg hcp∂
`mKw:
""hnkvab - m-hl- a- mb CØcw tbmKy-XI - ƒ ImWn-®p-sIm≠v Xm≥ a\p-
jy-cn¬\n∂pw D∂-X-amb Hcm-kvXn-Iy-am-sW∂v At±lw hmZn-®n-cp-s∂-
¶n¬ t]mepw B hmZsØ Jfin-°p-hm≥ B¿°pw Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.
F∂m¬ kXy-\n-jT v \
- mb B a\p-jy≥ F¥mWv ]d-™s - X-∂d- n-bmtam?
AsX√mw Xs‚ kz¥w tbmKy-XI - fpw kma¿Yy-ßf - p-am-sW-∂√ At±lw
]d-™X - v. adn®p, Fs‚ ]°¬ kz¥-ambn bmsXm-∂p-an-√. F√mw ssZh-
Øn-t‚-Xm-Wv. ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂v e`n-®X - m-Wv. Rm≥ \nß-fpsS apºn¬
ka¿∏n-°p-∂˛- A - X- n-t\mSv kmZr-iyap≈ Hcp hmIyw-t]mepw cNn-°p-hm≥
temIw Ai-‡-am-Wv˛ Cu \nkvXp-e-hm-Iy-ßƒ Rm≥ kzbw cNn-®p-
≠m-°n-btXm Fs‚ {]Xn-`b - psS êtam A√; Ah ssZh-Øns‚ hmIy-
ß-fm-Wv. Ah-bpsS t]cn-ep≈ F√m A`n-\µ - \
- ß- fpw ssZh-Øn\v am{X-
ap- ≈ - X m- W v . Rm≥ Fs¥ms° IrXy- ß ƒ \n¿h- l n- ° p- ∂ pt≠m
AsXm∂pw Xs∂ Fs‚ bp‡n-km-a¿Yyw-sIm≠pw {]m]vXn-sIm-≠p-a√
ssZh-\n¿tZ-i-a-\p-k-cn®v am{Xw sNøp-∂-XmWv; ssZhw \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂-
sXt¥m AXp am{Xw kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw AXp-Xs∂ {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp∂p' F∂n-ß-s\-bmWv At±lw kZm ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
]d-bp-I, CØcw kXy-k-‘-\mb a\p-jy≥ ssZh-{]-hm-N-I-\m-sW∂
]c-am¿Yw Fßs\ \ntj-[n°pw? At±-lØ - ns‚ tbmKy-XI - fpw kma¿Yy-
ßfpw hoc-Ir-Xy-ßfpw sh®p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ At±-l-sØ-t∏m-ep≈ H‰
hy‡n-sb-t∏mepw temIm-cw`w apX¬ Ct∂m-fa - p≈ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ I≠p-
76
In- ´ p- ∂ n- √ . F∂n´pw At±- l - Ø ns‚ kXy- k - ‘ X t\m°p- I .

{]kvXpX tbmKy-X-I-fn¬ kzbw Al-¶-cn-°p-Itbm AXn-\p≈ A`n-
\-µ-\-ßƒ kzbw Ic-ÿ-am-°m-\p-t±-in-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂-Xn\p ]I-
cw, B tbmKy-X-I-sf√mw X\n°v {]Zm\w sNbvX AtX ssZh-
Øns‚XmsW∂v Xpd∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-I-bm-W-t±lw sNøp-∂-Xv. F∂n-
cns° At±-lsØ hniz-kn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥ F¥p Imc-W-am-Wp-
≈Xv? At±lw Xs‚ tbmKy-X-I-sf-∏‰n "CsX√mw ssZhw \evIn-b-
XmsW'∂v ]d-bp-tºmƒ "A√, CsX-√mw \ns‚ Xe-t®m-dn¬\n-∂p-
Zv`-hn-®-Xm-sW∂p' \mw F¥n\p ]d-b-Ww? I]-S-∑m-cm-sW-¶n¬, A\y-
cpsS tbmKy-X-Iƒt]mepw Xß-fp-tS-Xm-°n-Øo¿°p-hm-\mWv ]cn-{i-
an-°p-I. F∂m¬ At±-l-am-h-s´, Xt‚-sX∂v \njv{]-bmkw hmZn-
°m-hp∂ tbmKy-X-Iƒ t]mepw X∂n-te°v tN¿°p-∂n-√. {]kvXpX
tbmKy-X-Iƒ At±-l-Øn\v e`n-°p∂ am¿Kw a‰m¿°pw Adn-™p-
Iq-Sm. AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Xm≥ a\p-jy-h¿K-Øn¬\n∂v D]-
cn-bm-sW∂v At±lw hmZn-®m¬ t]mepw FXn¿°m≥ B¿°pw km[y-
a-√. F∂n´pw At±lw ]c-am¿Yw am{X-amWv ]d-bp-∂-sX-¶n¬ At±-l-
sØ-°mƒ D]cn kXy--hm≥ a‰m-cm-Wp-≠m-hpI?
""Ct±-la - s{X \ΩpsS t\Xm-hv. k¿h-temI {]hm-NI - \ - mb apl-ΩZv
apkvX-^m(-k) Xncp-ta-\n. At±-l-Øns‚ {]hm-N-I-Xz-Øn-\p≈ sXfnhv
At±-lØ - ns‚ kXy-\n-jvTb - m-Wv. At±-lØ - ns‚ al-Øc - ß - f - mb IrXy-
ßƒ, k¬kz-`m-hß - ƒ, ]cn-ip≤ PohnX kw`-hß - ƒ F√mw Xs∂ Ncn-
{X-Øn¬\n∂p sXfn-bp-∂p-≠v. ]cn-ip≤ lrZ-b-tØmSpw kXy-k-‘X-
tbmSpw \oXn-t_m-[t- ØmSpw Ah ]mcm-bWw sNøp∂ GsXmcp \njv]-
£-_p-≤n-bp-sSbpw lrZbw km£yw hln°pw, \nw-ibw At±lw
ssZh-Øns‚ {]hm-NI - \
- m-sW∂v. At±lw temI-ka - £w ka¿∏n® ]cn-
ip≤ hmIy-ßf - psS kam-lm-ca - mWv \man-t∏mƒ ]mcm-bWw sNbvXp-sIm-
≠ncn°p∂ hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥. B hninjvS {KŸw Hcmƒ Xpd∂ lrZ-b-
tØmsS t_m[-]q¿hw ]mcm-bWw sNøp∂ ]£w AXp \nw-ibw ssZh-
{K-Ÿa - m-sW∂pw AØcw Hcp {KŸw cNn-°pI a\p-jy-Ig- n-hn-∂X - o-Xa - m-
sW∂pw kΩ-Xn-°p-hm≥ Ah≥ \n¿_-‘n-X\ - m-bn-Øo-cp-∂X- m-W.v ''(C-ke v mw-
a-Xw)
"Ckvemw aX'Ønse "apl-ΩZv \_n(-k)-bpsS {]hm-NI - X - z-Øn-\p≈
sXfn-hp-Iƒ F∂ A[ym-b-Øn¬\n-∂mWv hna¿i-I≥ Xs‚ Bt£-]-
Øn-∂m-[m-ca - mb `mKw D≤-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Xs∂. _p≤n-]c - a - mb sXfn-hn-
s‚-b-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ apl-Ω-Zn(-k)s‚ {]h-mN-IXzw t_m[yw h∂n´p
thWw B[p-\nI a\p-jy∂v Jp¿-B-\nepw kp∂-Ønepw h∂ sXfn-hp-
Iƒ kzoI-cn-°m≥. \njv]£ - a- X- n-Iƒ°v bmYm¿Yy-ßƒ t_m[y-s∏-Sm-\p-
X-Ip∂ Hcp {]tXyI coXn-bn¬ hkvXp-XI - ƒ tIm¿Øn-W°n Ah-Xc - n-∏n-
°p-Ib - s{X auZqZn kmln_v {]kvXpX {KŸ-Øn¬ sNøp-∂X - v. AXn-e-
t±lw hnP-bn-®n-´p-ap-≠v. AtX coXn Xs∂-bmWv {]hm-N-IXz ÿm]-\-
77
Ønepw At±lw kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AhnsS Znhy-t_m-[-\-sØbpw

ae-°n-s\bpw Is≠-Øm≥ {ian-®X - mWv hna¿i-I\v ]‰nb sX‰v. hlvbv,
ae°v, Jp¿-B≥ F∂n-h-sbms° hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-ß-fmbn tXm∂-W-sa-
¶n¬ Ah kw_-‘n®v hnhcw \evInb {]hm-NI - s‚ {]hm-NI- Xzw sXfn-
bn-°-s∏-S-Ww. hna¿i-I≥ CXp ]t£ Nn¥n®p ImWn-√. Hcp ]pkvX-I-
Ønse {]Xn-]m-Zy-hn-j-b-Øns‚ kz`mhw hsc a\-n-em-°m≥ Ign-bm-
Ø-h¿ hna¿i-\˛- \ - n-cq-]W - ß
- ƒs°m-cp-sº-Sp-∂X - nse Akmw-KXyw kphn-
Zn-Xa- m-Wt- √m.
"At±-l-Øns‚ {]IrXn tXSn-s°m-≠n-cp∂ shfn®w' F∂ {]tbm-
K-amWv hna¿i-I≥ ]nSn-Iq-Sn-b-Xv. \_n Xncp-ta\n {]hm-N-IXzw sImXn-
®n-cp-∂p-sh-∂v, auZqZn hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ {]IrXn tXSn-s°m-
≠n-cp∂ F∂Xn\p ]Icw At±lw B{K-ln-®n-cp∂ Ft∂m at‰m
Bbn-cp∂p ]d-bp-I. {]IrXn tXSn-s°m-≠n-cp∂ F∂ {]tbm-K-
Øn¬\n∂v hy‡-amWv, Ahn-SsØ ip≤-{]-IrXn hnfn-t®m-Xn-bn-cp-
∂-t]mse A‘-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ Iqcn-cp-ń¬\n∂v ]pdØp IS-°m-
\p≈ shfn®w At±-l-Øn\v e`n-®p-sh-∂mWv auZqZn Dt±-in-®-sX∂v.
adn-s®m-c¿Yw AXn\v Iev]n-°p-∂Xv Xo¿Øpw sX‰m-sW∂v "Ckvemw-
aX'Ønsebpw "X^vlo-ap¬ Jp¿B\n'sebpw apI-fn-ep-≤-cn® `mK-
ßƒ kwi-b-c-ln-X-ambn sXfn-bn-°p-∂p.
\_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS {]hm-N-I-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v i{Xp-°-fp-∂-
bn-°p∂ Hcm-tcm-]-W-am-Wv, Ahn-S∂v Bfl-ip≤n t\Sn-bXv X]-›-
cy-bn-eq-sS-bm-sW-∂v. CXp kw_-‘n®v auZqZn ]d-™-sX-¥m-sW∂v
a\-n-em-°m-s\-¶nepw hna¿i-I≥ Aev]w {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬
At±-l-Øn\v Cu hn[w kXy-hn-cp-≤hpw A¿Y-iq-\y-hp-amb Btcm-
]-W-ß-fp-∂-bn®v kzbw ]cn-lm-ky-\m-tI-≠n-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.
""Xm¶ƒ°p {KŸw \evI-s∏-Sp-sa∂v Xm¶ƒ {]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂n-√.
F∂m¬ Xm¶-fpsS \mY-\n¬\n-∂p≈ Hc-\p-{K-la - s{X AXv. AXn-\m¬
Xm¶ƒ H´pw Xs∂ kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS klm-bn-bm-bn-°q-Sm-Ø-Xm-
Wv.''(Jp¿-B≥ 28: 86)
CXns‚ hnh-cW - Ø - n¬ auZqZn Fgp-Xp∂p: ""apl-ΩZv \_n(-k)-bpsS
{]hm-NI - Xz km£y-ßf - n¬ kp{]-[m-\a- mb H∂m-bn-´s{X Jp¿-B≥ CsX-
Sp-Øp-∂b - n-®n-cn-°p-∂X - .v lndm Kpl-bn¬\n∂v {]hm-NI - Xz ktµ-ih - p-ambn
Cd-ßn-Øn-cn® \nanjw hsc-bp≈ Ahn-SsØ Pohn-Xhpw Ncy-Ifpw
kwkvIm-chpw kwkm-c-hn-j-bhpw a\pw A`n-cp-Nnbpw Xm¬]-cyhpw
Fß-s\-bp-≈X - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v a°m-\n-hm-kn-Iƒ°p \∂m-bd - n-bm-am-bn-
cp-∂p. kXy-k-‘-X, Bflm¿Y-X, hniz-kvX-X, ]cn-ip-≤n, km∑m¿Kn-I-
t_m[w XpS-ßnb t{ijvT-Kp-W-ßƒ B ]mh-\-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ \nd™p
\n∂n-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xv icn-X-s∂. Akm-am-\y-amb am\y-Xbpw kam-[m-\-
Xm¬]-cyhpw hmKvZØ ]me-\h - y-{K-Xbpw I¿Øhy \n¿h-lW - X - z-cbpw
krjvSn-tk-h\ - u-’p-Iyhpw B hy‡n-Xz-Øn¬ {]I-Sa- m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xpw
78
kXy-am-Wv. F∂m¬ {]hm-N-I-Xz-hm-Z-hp-ambn cwK-Øp-h-cp-sa∂v i¶n-

°m≥ t]mepw CSw \evIp∂ bmsXmcp Ne-\hpw B hy‡n-bn¬\n-
∂p-≠m-bn-ń-√.
""lndm ]¿h-XK - p-lb - n¬ sh®p-≠mb B hnπ-hm-flI kw`-hØ - n-\p-
tijw Ahn-SsØ \mhn-eqsS s]s´∂v ]pd-Øp-hc - m≥ XpS-ßnb hnj-b-
ßfpw {]iv\ß - fpw kw_-‘n®v Hc-£c - w-t]mepw AXn\p apºv At±lw
Dcn-bm-Sn-bX
- mbn tIń-ń-√. hnip≤ Jp¿-Bt- ‚-Xmbn ]n∂oSv tI´p-Xp-Sß - nb
B khn-tij ]Z-{]-tbm-Kß - tfm `mjm-co-Xntbm kmt¶-XnI kw⁄-Itfm
apºmcpw At±-l-Øn¬\n∂v {ihn-®n-´p-an-√.
""Xs‚ GsX-¶nepw {]hr-Øn-aqew Ahn-S-tØ°v kmaq-ly-{]-iv\-
ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°mt\m aX-\-ho-I-c-W-Ønt\m kZm-Nm-c-]-cn-jvI-c-W-
Ønt\m D≈ A`n-hm-RvO-bp-s≠∂v B¿°p-am¿°pw hnNm-cn-°p-hm≥
km[n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]p{X-I-f-{X-ß-sfm-∂n®v At±lw k√-]n-°p-
∂p. AXn-Yn-Isf BZ-cn-°p-∂p. ]mh-ßsf XpW-°p-∂p. _‘p-P-\-
tØmSv \∂mbn s]cp-am-dp-∂p. Nne-t∏m-sgms° C_m-Z-Øn\mbn GIm-
¥-hm-k-a-\p-jvTn-°p-∂p. Cß-s\-bp≈ Hcp hy‡n temIsØbmI-
am\w InSp-In-Sm-hn-d-∏n-°p-am-dp≈ Hcp Znhy-{]-`m-j-W-hp-ambn s]s´∂v
cwK-Øp-h-cp-∂-Xv, hnπ-h-I-c-amb Hcp {]t_m-[-\-am-cw-`n-°p-∂-Xv, AXn-
\q-X-\-amb Hcp kmlnXyw cNn-°p-∂-Xv, XnI®pw kzX-{¥-amb Hcp
XØz-imkv{Xw Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xv, hyXn-cn-‡-amb Hcp Nn¥m-˛-[¿a-
˛-\m-K-cnI hyh-ÿnXn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Hcp alm ]cn-h¿Ø\w
Xs∂-bm-Wv. AXy-Zv`p-X-I-chpw hnπ-hm-fl-Ihpw A\-\y-km-[m-c-W-
hp-amb ]cn-h¿Ø\w! a\x-im-kv{X-Øns‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ CsXmcp
hnπ-h-Øn-s‚-tbm, Bkq-{Xn-X-{i-a-Øn-s‚tbm ê-am-sW∂v Duln-
°m≥ t]mepw km[y-a-√. ImcWw, AXn\v ]Sn-]-Sn-bm-bp≈ L´-
ßfpw ]cn-Wm-a-ßfpw Xc-Ww-sN-ømsX Xc-an-√. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS
Pohn-X-Øn¬ AXns‚ Hcp emRvO\sb¶nepw Fs∂-¶nepw {]Xy-
£-s∏-ń-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Bbncw \m°p-Iƒ H∂n®p ]d-bp-am-bn-cp∂p:
"At∂ ]d-™n-t√, Ch-s\mcp ]pØ≥hm-Zn-bm-hp-sa-∂v.' F∂m¬ Xncp-
ta-\n-tbmSv ASp-Øn-S-]-g-Inb _≤-ssh-cn-Iƒ t]mepw CØ-c-sam-cm-
t£]w D∂-bn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn-ń√.
""\_n-Xn-cp-ta\n {]hm-NI - Xzw {]Xym-in-°p-Itbm {]Xo-£n-°p-Itbm
sNbvXn-cp-∂n-s√∂v am{X-a√ - , XnI®pw bmZr-On-Ia - mbpw A{]-Xo-£n-Xa- m-
bp-amWv AXv kw`-hn-®-Xv. hlvbns‚ {]mcw-`-kz-`mhw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂
lZo-kp-I-fn¬\n∂v CXv hy‡-ambn sXfn-bp-∂p-≠v.
""Ahn-S∂v aptº {]hm-N-I-\m-Im-\p≈ {]Xo-£-bnepw Hcp-°-Øn-ep-
am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬, ZqXs‚ BK-a-\hpw ImØv [ym\-\n-c-X-\mbn at\m-
Zm¿Vyw Ic-ÿ-am-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ lndm-]¿h-X-Kp-l-bn¬ sh®p-
≠mb B kw`-h-Øn¬ At±lw B\-µ-Xp-µn-e\pw BÀm-Z-]p-f-In-X-\p-
am-hp-Ib- mWv th≠n-bn-cp-∂X - .v DS≥Xs∂ ]¿h-XØ - n¬ \n∂n-dßn t\sc
79
kaq-l-a-[y-Øn¬ h∂p-\n∂v X\n°v {]hm-N-IXz ]Zhn e`n-®n-cn-°p-

∂p-sh∂v Dds° {]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ kw`-
hn-®Xv AX-√. X\n-°-\p-`-h-s∏´ Akm-[m-c-W-Zr-iy-Øn¬ A‘m-
fn®v, NIn-X-\mbn kzKr-l-Øn¬ sN∂v ]pX-∏n´v aqSn-°n-S-°p-I-bs{X
At±lw sNbvX-Xv. Aev]-samcp a\x-im¥n ssIh-∂-t∏mƒ kz]-
Xv\n-tbmSv am{Xw AXo-h-c-l-ky-ambn kw`hw ]d-bp∂p: "Rm≥ Kpl-
bn¬ GIm- ¥ X ap‰nb B A¥- c o- £ - Ø n¬ Ccn- ° p- I - b m- W v .
At∏mƒ Hcp AXn-`-b-¶c kw`-h-ap-≠m-bn. F¥mWv hcm≥ t]mIp-
∂-sX-∂-dn-™p-Iq-Sm. h√msX t]Sn-bm-hp-∂p.' hlvbv {]Xo-£n-®n-cn-
°p-Ibpw {]Xym-in-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcm-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw GXm-
bmepw CXm-hn-s√∂v Xo¿®.
""apl-ΩZv \_n(-k)-bpsS {]hm-N-IXz km£y-ß-fn¬ AXoh
{]m[m- \ y- a ¿ln- ° p∂ H∂s{X CXv . kXysØ hne- a - X n- ° p∂
B¿°pw CXp \ntj-[n-°m-\m-hn-√. hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ AXv Hcp
sXfn-hmbn FSp-Øp-]-d-bm≥ Imc-Whpw as‰m-∂-√.'' (X-^vlo-ap¬
Jp¿-B≥, hmfyw 3, t]Pv 667, 670)
\_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n {]hm-NI- Xzw sImXn-®n-cp-∂n-s√∂v am{X-a√
- , AsX-
°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°pI t]mepw sNbvXn-cp-∂n-s√∂v C{X-sbms° {]kv]j - vS-
ambn ]d™p Ign-™t- i-jh - pw, Xncp-ta\n {]hm-NI- Xzw sImXn-®n-cn-°p-I-
bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v hmZn-®-bm-fmWv auZq-Zn-sb∂v Fgp-Xn-∏n-Sn-∏n-°m≥
]mSp-s]-Sp-∂Xv ]cn-lm-ky-am-bn-Øo-cp-I-tb-bp-≈q.
80
Ggv
{]hm-N-I≥amcpw kmaqly ]cn-h¿Ø-\hpw

""hnip≤ Zo\n-s\-°p-dn®pw AXns‚ {]hm-N-Isc kw_-‘n®pw Hcp
apkven-ans‚ \mhn¬\n∂v ]pd-s∏-´-Xm-sW∂v Duln-°m≥ \n¿hm-l-
an-√mØ Nne {]tbm-K-ß-fmWv auZqZn \S-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂sX''∂s{X
hna¿i-I-cpsS as‰m-cm-tcm-]-Ww. sXfn-hp≠v! auZqZn Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-
°p∂p:
""bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Ckvemw Hcp {]tXyI hgn-bp-tStbm apk¬am≥
F∂Xp Hcp {]tXyI kap-Zm-bØ - n-t‚tbm t]c-√. Ckvemw Hcp hnπ-hI - -
c-amb Nn¥bpw hgn-bp-am-Wv'' (X-^vlo-am-Øv, hmfyw 1, t]Pv 62). ""Aºn-
bm-Av G‰hpw henb hnπ-h-Im-cn-I-fm-sW-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√. apl-ΩZv
\_n(-k) F√m-h-sc-°mfpw henb hnπh t\Xm-hmWv'' (AtX ]pkvX-
Iw, t]Pv 69) (Pam-AsØ Ckveman ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\hpw, t]Pv 29)
B[p-\nI Nn¥m-{]-ÿm-\ß - f- psS h¿Ww \¬In Ckvem-ans\ sX‰mbn
Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p-Ib- mWv Pam-AsØ Ckveman F∂-XmWv hna¿i-\Ø - ns‚
ImX¬. Aßs\ hcp-Øn-Øo¿°m≥ ]‰p∂ hmIy-ßƒ Is≠-Sp-
Ø-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-sb∂ X{¥w Xs∂-bm-Wn-hn-sSbpw {]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. AXmWv "PnlmZv ô k_o-en-√mlv' ˛ ssZh-am¿K-Ønse
ka-cw˛ F∂ auem\m auZq-Zn-bpsS kpZo¿L-amb teJ-\-Øn¬\n∂v
c≠v hmIy-ßƒ am{Xw s]m°n-sb-Sp-°m≥ hna¿i-Isc t{]cn-∏n-®-
Xv. teJ-\-Øn¬ "Pnlm-Zns‚ bmYm¿Yyw' F∂ Hcp D]-io¿j-I-ap-
≠v. AXn¬\n-s∂-Sp-Ø-XmWv BZy-hm-Iyw. io¿jIw XpS-ßp-∂Xv
Cß-s\-bmWv:
""Ckvemw Hcp "aX'hpw apkvenw-Iƒ Hcp "kap-Zm-b'-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-
¶n¬ PnlmZv AXn-t{i-jT v amb Hcp C_m-ZØ- mbn \n›-bn-®X - n¬ bmsXm-
c¿Y-hp-ap-≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n√. F∂m¬ bmYm¿Yyw CXmWv: Ckvemw F∂Xv
GsX-¶nepw aX-Øn-s‚tbm "apkvenw' F∂Xv GsX-¶nepw kap-Zm-bØ - n-
s‚tbm t]c-√. adn-®,v Ckvemw F∂Xv temI-Øp≈ apgp-h≥ kmaq-ly-hy-
h-ÿbpw kz¥w ho£-WØ - n\pw coXn-°p-samØv am‰n-∏W
- n-bm≥ sImXn-
°p∂ hnπ-h-I-c-amb Hcp Z¿i-\hpw am¿K-hp-am-Wv. apkvenw F∂-Xv,
81
Ckvemw AXns‚ hnπh ]cn-]mSn \-S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n cq]-

s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-SpØ temI-hn-πh ]m¿ń-bpsS t]cpw. Cu e£y-km-
[y-Øn-\pth≠nbp≈ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ ]c-am-h[n Ign-hp-I-f¿∏n-°p-
∂-Xn\mWv PnlmZv F∂p-]-d-bp-∂-Xv.''(X^vloam-Øv, hmfyw 1, t]Pv
77)
teJ-\Ø - n-se-Øs∂ as‰mcp io¿j-Ia- mb "Ckvem-anI hnπh {]t_m-
[-\Ø- ns‚ {]tXy-IX' F∂-Xn¬\n-s∂-Sp-ØX - mWv hna¿i-I≥ D - ≤-cn®
c≠m-asØ hmIyw. AtX teJ-\-Øn-se-Xs∂ XpS¿∂p≈ `mKw IqSn
hmbn-®m¬ hni-Zo-Ic - W
- a - n-√m-sX-Øs∂ kwKXn hy‡-am-Ipw.
""{]hm-NI - ≥am¿ G‰hpw henb hnπ-h\ - m-bI - ∑ - m-cm-bn-cp-∂p. apl-ΩZ- v(-
k) F√m-hc - nepw henb hnπ-h\ - m-bI - \- m-Wv. C°m-cy-Øn¬ kwi-ba - n-√.
F∂m¬ temI-Ønse km[m-cW hnπ-hI - m-cn-Is - fbpw ssZh-Zm-k∑ - m-cmb
hnπ-hI - m-cn-Is - fbpw th¿Xn-cn-°p∂ tcJ CXs{X: CXc hnπ-hI - m-cn-If - psS
Dt±iyw A{X ]cn-ip-≤a - m-bn-cn-°p-Ib - n-√. \oXn-bp-sSbpw \ymb-Øn-s‚bpw
icn-bmb ÿm\w ]cn-KW - n-°m≥ Ah¿°m-hp-Ib - n-√. Ah¿ a¿ZnX hn`m-
K-ßf - n¬\n-∂p-b¿∂p h∂-htcm Ah-cpsS kwc-£W - h - n-Im-cØ - m¬ DtØ-
Pn-Xc - m-bh - tcm Bbn-cn-°pw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ apgp-h≥ kao-]\ - ß - fpw
B hn`m-K-ß-fpsS am{Xw ZrjvSn-bn-eq-sS-bmhpw Ah¿ t\m°n-°m-Wp-I.
AXns‚ kzm`m-hn-I^ - e - w, Ah¿°p ]£w tNcm-Xp≈ , X\n am\p-jnI
ho£Ww km[n-°p-Ib - n-s√-∂X - s- {X. Hcp hn`m-KØ - ns‚ t\sc hnIm-ch - n-
tZz-jß - fpw at‰ hn`m-KØ - n\p t\sc kwc-£W - h - n-Im-ch - pap-fh- m-Ipw. Ah-
cpsS ]°¬ A\o-Xn-bpsS ]cn-lmcw ê-Øn¬ ]Icw A\oXn sNøp-I-
bm-Wv. Ah-cpsS {]Xn-Imcw Akq-bb - p-sSbpw hntZz-jØ - n-s‚bpw hnIm-c-
ß-fm¬ Ahn-ip-≤a - m-°s - ∏-´X - m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂ Imc-WØ - m¬ apgp-h≥ a\p-
jy-Ip-eØ - n-s‚bpw hnP-bØ - n-\p-XI - pw-hn[w \oXn \njvThpw k¥p-en-Xh - p-
amb Hcp kmaq-ly-hy-hÿ sIń-∏-Sp-°pI Akm-[y-a-s{X. adn®v, F{X-
Xs∂ a¿Z-\ß - ƒ°n-cb - m-hp-Itbm Iq´p-Im¿ F{X-ta¬ ]oUn-∏n-°s - ∏-Sp-
Itbm sNbvXmepw {]hm-NI - ≥amsc Xß-fpsS hnπ-h{- i-aØ - n¬ Hcn-°epw
Hcp Xc-Øn-ep-ap≈ sshb-‡nI hnImcw kzm[o-\n-°p-Ib - n-√. ssZh-\n¿tZ-
i-Øn-s\m-Ømhpw Ah¿ {]h¿Øn-°p-I. A√mlp am\p-jnI hnIm-cß - ƒ-
°-Xo-X\ - mWv. a\p-jy-cnse GsX-¶nepw h¿K-hp-ambn Ah\p {]tXyI _-
‘-an-√. as‰mcp h¿K-tØmSv hntcm-[tam hntZz-jtam AXp-an-√. A°m-cWw
sIm≠p-Xs∂ ssZhn-Ia - m¿K-Z¿i-\Ø - n≥ Iogn¬ bmsXmcphn[ ]£-]m-
Xn-Øh - p-an-√m-sX, \oXn-]q¿hw apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw s]mXp hnP-bh - pw
\∑bpw F¥n-em-sW∂pw Hmtcm a\p-jy∂pw A\p-hZ- \ - ob hcp-Xn-°I - Øv
Fßs\ Pohn-°mw, \nb-am-\p-kr-Xm-hI - m-iß- ƒ Fßs\ A\p-`h - n-°mw,
hy‡n-Iƒ ]c-k] v c
- a- p≈ _‘-ßf - nepw hy‡nbpw kaq-lhpw XΩn-ep≈
_‘-ßf - nepw ]q¿W-amb k¥p-en-XXzw Fßs\ \ne-\n-dp-Ømw CXymZn
Imcy-ßƒ {i≤n- ®p-sIm-≠p-am-{X-amWv {]hm-NI - ∑ - m¿ {]iv\ß - sf t\m°n-
82
°-≠n-cp-∂Xv. {]hm-NI - ∑
- m-cpsS hnπ-h{- ]-tNm-Z\w Hcn-°epw h¿K-kw-
L-´\ - a
- mbn amdm-Xn-cn-°m≥ Imc-Whpw CXp-Xs - ∂. Ah¿ kaql-sØ
]p\-w-hn[m-\n-®Xv Hcp h¿K-Øn-\p-ta¬ as‰mcp h¿KsØ A[n-Im-cn-
I-fm°n hmgn-°m- \mbn-cp-∂n-√. apgp-h≥ a\pjy temI-Øn-s‚bpw
hf¿®bpw ùXn-Ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw H∂n®v km[n-
°m-hp∂ \oXn-bpsS am¿Kw sXc-s™-Sp-°p-I-bs{X Ah¿ sNbvX-
Xv.'' (X-^vlo-amØv, hmfyw 1, t]Pv 84, 85)
Cu D≤-c-Wn-bn¬\n∂v auZq-Zn-bpsS Dt±iyw F¥m-sW∂v hni-
Zo-I-cn-°m-sX-Øs∂ hy‡-am-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. "aXw' F∂ ae-bm-f-]-Z-
Øns‚ A¿Yw Gsd ]cn-an-X-a-s{X. Ckvem-ans‚ kmt¶-Xn-I-]-Z-amb
"Zo\pw' ae-bm-f-Ønse aXhpw H∂-√. AXp-X-s∂-bmWv D¿Zp-hnse
"aZvl_v' F∂ ]Z-Øn-s‚bpw \ne. Zo\ns\ Dƒs°m-≈m≥ AXpw
Ai-‡-am-Wv. F∂m¬ ChnsS hna¿i-I≥ hna¿i-\-ku-I-cym¿Yw
aZvl-_v, akveIv F∂o c≠p ]Z-Øn\pw hgn F∂¿Yw Iev]n-®n-cn-
°p-I-bm-Wv. Ckvemw a‰p aX-ß-sf-t∏mse Hcp {]tXyI aX-a-√.
Bbn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Pnlm-Zn\v AXn¬ H´pw ÿm\-ap-≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-
√. apkvenw-Iƒ Hcp {]tXyI kap-Zm-b-hp-a-√. Bbn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Ah-
tcmSv PnlmZv sNøm≥ Iev]n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. PnlmZv kaq-l-am‰w
apºn¬ I≠p-sIm≠v {]h¿Øn-°p∂ BZ¿i-{]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ ]mX-
bmWv. aX-am-h-s´, a\p-jy-a-\-nepw hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Ønepw am{Xw HXp-
ßn-\n¬°p∂ Htc¿∏m-Spw. AØcw Htc¿∏m-Sn¬ Pnlm-Zn\v bmsXmcp
{]k-‡n-bp-an-√. Ckvemw AØcw Htc¿∏m-S-√. AXv kaq-l-X-e-
Ønepw cmjv{Sm-¥-cob cwKØpw kzm[o\w sNep-tØ-≠p∂ Hcp
hnπ-h-am¿K-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ AXn¬ Pnlm-Zns‚ {]k-
‡nbpw IqSp-X-em-Wv. CXmWv auZq-Znbpw hy‡-am-°n-b-Xv. CXv
Ckvem-ans\ Xcw XmgvØ-em-tWm, Db¿Øn-sh-°-em-tWm F∂v hmb-
\-°m¿ kzbw Btem-Nn®p t\m°p-I.
auZqZn sNbvX as‰mcp "A]-cm[w' {]hm-NI - ≥amsc hnπ-ht- \-Xm-°-
fmbpw apl-ΩZ- v\_ - n(-k)sb G‰hpw henb hnπ-ht- \-Xm-hmbpw Nn{Xo-I-
cn®p F∂p-≈X - m-W.v hnπ-hw, hnπ-hI - mcn F∂o ]Z-ßƒ GsXmcp km[m-
c-W° - m-c\pw hfsc thKw a\-n-em-°m≥ ]mI-Øn¬ {]Nmcw kn≤n®hbm-
Wv. GsXmcp hn`mKhpw Ah D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv ka-{K-amb am‰w, ]cn-
h¿Ø\w F∂o A¿Y-ßf - n-em-Wv. GsX-¶nepw hnπhw \ap°v Akzo-Im-
cy-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXn\p ImcWw B ]Z-{]-tbm-Ka - √
- . AXn-eqsS
ÿm]n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Bi-b-am-Wv. C\n h√ sX‰mb A¿Yhpw {]kvXpX
]Z-ßƒ tZymXn-∏n-°p-∂p-s≠∂p kΩ-Xn-®m¬Xs∂ sXm´p-Ss - \-bp≈ hmIy-
ß-fn-eqsS AXn-\p≈ apgp-h≥ ]gp-Xp-Ifpw auZqZn kmln_v AS-®p-I-f-
™n-´p-≠.v {]hm-NI - h- c- y-∑msc F{Xtbm D∂-Xa- mb Hcp hnXm-\Ø - n-emWv
At±lw ImWp-∂X - .v B hmIy-ßƒIqSn hmbn-°p∂ B¿°pw AXv Ffp-
∏-Øn¬ a\-n-emIpw:
83
""Hcp P\-X-bp-sSbpw Ahÿ A√mlp am‰p-I-bn-√, Ah¿ kzbw

am‰n-bme-√msX' F∂v Jp¿-B≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. B am‰-Øns‚ hgn-
Im-ń-I-fm-bn-cp∂p {]hm-N-I-∑m-¿. AXn-\m¬ Ah¿ Xo¿®-bmbpw hnπ-
h-Im-cn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. kaq-lsØ kaqew am‰n-sb-SpØ bpK-{]-`m-h-
cpw.''
F´v
ae-°p-Ifpw tZho-tZ-h-∑mcpw
auZqZn ae-°p-Isf sX‰mbn h¿Wn®p F∂mWv as‰m-cm-tcm-]-Ww.
hna¿i-I≥ Fgp-Xp∂p:
""hnthI Imew apX¬ \mw a\-n-em-°nbpw hniz-kn®pw hcp-∂Xpw
Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬P-am-AØ - ns‚ AJo-Zb - p-am-W,v _lp-am-\y-cmb ae-
°p-Iƒ {]Im-iØ - m¬ krjvSn-°s - ∏-´h
- cpw A\p-kc - W- a
- p≈ ASn-aI- fpw
a\p-jy-kz-`m-h-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Ip‰-ß-fn¬\n∂pw kpc-£n-X-cp-am-sW-∂v.
F∂m¬ Cuam-\ns‚ c≠mw LS-I-ambn FÆ-s∏-Sp∂ ae-°p-I-fn-ep≈
hnizm-ks - Ø-°p-dn®v auZq-Zn-bpsS \nK-a\w ImWpI: ""Ckvem-ans‚ {]tbm-
K-Øn¬ ae-°p-Iƒ F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv GI-tZiw {Ko°v, lnµp-ÿm≥ XpS-
ßnb cmPy-ß-fnse _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I¿ tZh-∑m-sc∂pw tZhn-I-sf∂pw
IW-°m-°n-t∏m-cp-∂-h-cm-Wv.''(X-PvZo-Zv, t]Pv 13, Ckvemw-aXw, t]Pv 100).
aA-vkq-ao-ß-fmb ae-°p-I-tfbpw lnµp-°fpw a‰pw Bcm-[y-cmbn IW-
°m-°p∂ tZho-tZ-h-∑m-scbpw ka-s∏-Sp-Ønb `mh\ F{X \oN-a√?....
CØcw I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-ßƒ hgn Cu Imew hsc-bp≈ apA-van-\p-I-fpsS
Cuam\n∂p Icn-tX-°p-Ib - s√ auZqZn sNbvXXv? ae-°p-If - n¬ kv{Xo]p-
cp-j≥ F∂n-ßs\ c≠p hn`m-K-ap-s≠-∂p-IqSn At±lw ChnsS kqNn-
∏n-°p∂p!''(P-am-AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\-hpw, t]Pv 28)
ChnsSbpw ]Xn-hp-co-Xn-bmWv hna¿i-I≥ kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv; sX‰n-
≤m-cW- °- nSw \evIpw-hn[w hmIysØ hf-s®m-Sn-°pI. auZq-Zn-bpsS Bibw
]cn-lm-ky-am-sW∂v bYm¿Y-Øn¬ hna¿i-I\v Dd-∏p-s≠-¶n¬ AXp
]q¿W-cq-]-Øn¬ D≤-cn®v hmb-\-°m¿°v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-
I-bt√ sNtø-≠n-bn-cp-∂Xv?
"XPvZoZv h Clvbm F Zo≥' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ _lp-ssZ-hm-
cm-[-I-cpsS A‘-hn-izm-k-ßsf ]cm-a¿in® Iq´-Øn¬ auZqZn Ah¿
ae-°p-Isf tZhn-Ifpw tZh-∑m-cp-am°n Bcm-[n-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂v ]d-™n-
´p-≠v. _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I¿ C{]-Imcw tZh-∑mcpw tZhn-I-fp-ambn hniz-
kn-®p-t]m-cp∂ i‡n-I-sf-°p-dn-®mWv Ckvemw ae-°p-I-sf∂v ]d-
bp-∂-sX∂v Hcp ASn-°p-dn∏pw sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v. Cu ASn-°p-dn-∏mWv
hna¿i-I≥ ]nSn-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. "Ckvemw aX'-Øn¬ AXv Cßs\
84
hmbn°mw:
""c≠p Xcw krjvSn-Is - f-bmWv _lp-ssZ-hh - n-izm-kn-Iƒ Znhy-Xz-Øn¬
]¶v tN¿Øn-´p-≈-sX∂v apºv {]kvXm-hn-®p-h-t√m. H∂v, ÿqe-i-co-c-ß-
tfmSp IqSnb krjvSn-Iƒ. DZm-l-c-W-ambn kqcy≥, N{µ≥, \£-{X-Pm-e-
ßƒ, A·n, sh≈w, t{ijvT-cmb a\p-jy¿ apX-em-b-h. c≠v, PUnIm-
kvXnXz-an-√m-Ø, ZrjvSn-tKm-Nc - a- √- m-Ø, Xnc-»o-e°p ]n∂n¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v
temI-hy-hÿ \S-Øp∂ AZr-iy-kr-jvSn-Iƒ. DZm-lc - W- a - mbn Im‰-Sn-∏n-
°p-∂-h, ag-s]-øn-°p-∂-h, {]Imiw \evIp-∂-h. H∂mw C\-Øn¬s]´
hkvXp-°ƒ a\p-jys‚ ZrjvSn-bn¬ s]´-hb - m-Is- Im≠v Ah-bpsS Znhy-Xz-
\n-tj[w ]cn-ip≤ hmIyw sIm≠p-Xs∂ km[n-Xa - m-Ip-∂X - m-W.v F∂m¬
c≠mw C\-Øn¬s]-´h ZrjvSn-tKm-Nc- a- √ - mØ AZr-iy-hk - X v p-°f - m-W.v _lp-
ssZ-hh - n-izm-kn-Iƒ an°-hmdpw AØcw krjvSn-Is - f-Xs - ∂-bmWv ]nSn-Iq-
Sn-bn-´p-≈X - pw. Ah-sb-°p-dn-®m-Wh - ¿ ssZh-ßs - f∂pw tZh-XI - s- f∂pw ssZh-
k-¥m-\ß - s - f∂pw [cn-®p-hi - m-bn-cn-°p-∂X - pw. Ah-bpsS Xs∂ k¶¬]-cq-
]-ßf - p-≠m-°n-bm-Wh - ¿ ]qP-Ifpw hgn-]m-Sp-Ifpw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂X - .v X∑qew
GI-ssZ-hh - n-izm-ksØ in¿°ns‚ Cu c≠mw C\-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]cn-ip-
≤-am-°p-hm≥ hnizm-k] - c- a - mb Hcp {]tXyI kwKXn \n¿tZ-in-®n-cn-°p-I-
bm-W.v
\_n-Xn-cp-ta\n XZzn-j-b-I-ambn Cßs\ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p: ""tZh-XI - s
- f-
t∂m, ssZh-ß-sf-t∂m, ssZh-k-¥m-\-ß-sft∂m sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂
AZriyßfmb Cu {]`m-kvXn-Iy-ßƒ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ ae-
°p-If - m-W.v Ah¿°p Znhy-Xz-Øn¬ bmsXmcp ]¶p-an-√. Ah-sc√mw Xs∂
ssZh-Øns‚ B⁄m-\p-h¿Øn-I-fm-Wv. ssZhnI Iev]-\-I-fn¬\n∂v
AWp-Øq°w hyXn-Ne - n-°p-hm≥ Ah¿°p Ign-hn-√. Ah¿ aptJ-\b - mWv
ssZhw {]]-©-am-Ip∂ Xs‚ `c-W-IqSw \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xv. Ah-cm-Is´,
ssZh-I-ev]-\-Iƒ k\n-jvI¿jw \nd-th-‰p-Ibpw sN-øp-∂p. kzm[n-Imc
{]Imcw h√Xpw sNøm≥ Ah¿ i‡-c-√.''(Ckvemw aXw, t]Pv 110, 119)
Cu hnh-c-W-sØ-°p-dn-®mWv "apA-van-\p-I-fpsS Cuam-\n\v Icn-hm-cn-
tØ-°p-Ib - s√ auZqZn sNbvXXv?' F∂v hna¿i-I≥ tNmZn-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v!
At±lw \S-Ønb adn-ambw a\-n-em-°m≥ CXp-Xs∂ [mcm-f-am-Wv.
ae-°p-Iƒ BWpw s]Æp-ambn c≠p h¿K-ap-s≠∂v auZq-Zn-bpsS
hmIy-Øn¬\n∂v tXm∂n-t∏m-Ip∂p t]mepw! Cß-s\-bm-bm¬ F¥n¬\n-
s∂√mw Fs¥√mw tXm∂n-°qSm?
""A√m-lp-hns‚ ASn-aI - f - mb ae-°p-Isf Ah¿ s]Æp-ßf - mbn Nn{Xo-
I-cn-®p,'' ""A√m-lp-hn\v s]ä-°-fp-s≠∂v Ah¿ ]d™p If-™p''
F∂o Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ßf - p-≤c - n®v ae-°p-Iƒ kv{XoI-fm-sW∂mWv Jp¿-
B≥ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂s - X∂v hnth-Ia - p≈ a\p-jy-cmcpw ]d-bp-Ib - n-√. Hcp
hn`m-Ka - m-fp-Iƒ sh®p-]p-e¿Øp∂ hnizmkw FSp-Øp-≤c - n®v AXv Jfin-
°p-I-bs{X Jp¿-B≥ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. auZqZn sNbvXXpw as‰m-
∂-√. ae-°n-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ apkvenw-I-fpsS hnizm-ksØ At±lw
85
Hcn-SØpw tNmZyw sNbvXn-ń-√. Ah¿ {]`m-kvXn-Iy-am-sW∂v ]d-™-

t∏mgpw ""ae-°p-Iƒ ssZh-Øns‚ {]tXyI krjvSn-I-fm-Wv, ]m]-
ß-fn¬\n∂v ]cn-ip-≤-cm-Wv, Ah-cpsS {]IrXn Xs∂ ssZh-I-ev]-\-
Iƒ°p hn]- c oXw {]h¿Øn- ° pI km[y- a - √ mØ hn[- Ø n- e m- W v ,
Ah¿ kZm ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xnepw ssZh-Øn-\p≈ ASna
hrØn-bnepw \nc-X-cm-Wv...'' (Ckvemw aXw, t]Pv 112) F∂v ]d-™-
t∏mgpw A°mcyw Xo¿Øpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bs{X At±lw sNbvXn-
cn-°p-∂-Xv.
C\n tZh-∑mcpw tZhn-Ifpw F∂v {]tbm-Kn-®X - mWv sXs‰-¶n¬ sslµ-
h-]p-cm-tW-Xn-lm-k-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Aev]-sa-¶nepw Adn-bm-hp∂ GsXm-
cmƒ°pw a\-n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpw, apkvenw-Iƒ ae-°p-I-sf-°p-dn®v hniz-
kn-°p∂ AtX hnizmkw Xs∂-bmWv GI-tZiw sslµh kaqlw tZh-
tem-Is - Ø-°p-dn®pw ]pe¿Øp-∂s - X∂v. Im‰-Sn-∏n-°p-I, ag-s]-øn-°p-I, acn-
∏n-°pI F¥n-t\sd a\p-jys‚ ip`m-ip-`-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Imcyw
hsc tZh-∑m-cmWv sNøp-∂s - X-∂mWv sslµh hnizmkw. a‰p ]e-Xn-ep-
sa-∂-t]mse ae-°p-I-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw Ah¿°p hyXn-bm\w kw`-hn-
®n-´p-≠v. AXmWv ae-°p-Isf Ah¿ kv{Xobpw ]pcp-j\ - p-ambn Xcw Xncn-
°m≥ Imc-Ww. am{X-hp-a-√, ssZh-sØ-t∏mse Ah¿ ae-°p-Isf Bcm-
[n-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. C°m-cyhpw auZqZn hy‡-am-°n-bX - m-Wv. AsX-SpØv, ae-
°p-Isf auZqZn ssZh-am°n F∂p ]d-bm-Xn-cp-∂Xp `mKyw! ae-°p-It- fm-
sSm-∂n®v Ah-cpsS Bcm-[-Isc hnNm-cW sNøp-sa∂pw At∏mƒ ae-
°p-Iƒ Bcm-[I - sc X≈n-∏d - b
- p-sa∂pw Jp¿-B≥ hy‡-am-°n-bX - m-Wv.
Jp¿-B-\n¬ hy‡-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p≈ Bi-b-ßƒ km[m-c-W-
°m¿°v a\-n-em-hp∂ coXn-bn¬ hni-Zo-Ic - n®v Ah-cn¬ thcp-d® A‘-
hn-izm-k-ßƒ XpS-®p-\o-°m≥ {ian-°p-tºmƒ, AXp-t]mepw Zpjv{]-Nm-c-
W-Øn-\p≈ Ah-k-c-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv Ckvem-ans‚ t\sc-bp≈
IS-∂m-{I-aW- a
- √
- msX as‰-¥mWv? {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Cukm(-A)sb ssZh-
]p-{X-s\∂ \ne-bv°mWv a\-n-em-°p-∂Xpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂Xpw.
C°mcyw B¿°pw A⁄m-X-a-√. CXp apºn¬ sh®p-sIm≠v Hcmƒ,
Ckvem-ans‚ `mj-bn¬ Cukm(-A) F∂v ]d-bp∂ tZl-am-Wv, {InkvXym-
\n-Iƒ ssZh-]p-{X-s\∂v hnfn-°p∂ {InkvXp F∂p ]d-™m¬ AXn\v
Abmƒ Cukm(-A)sb Ah-tl-fn-®p-sht∂m ssZh-]p-{X-\m-°n-sbt∂m
Hs° A¿Yw Iev]n-°p-∂-Xn¬ F¥p kXy-k-‘-Xbpw Zo\o-t{]-a-hp-am-
Wp-≈Xv?
86
HºXv
Cuam≥Imcyw A©m°n?
C\n-bp-ap-s≠m-cm-tcm-]-Ww, Aev]w Kpcp-X-c-amb H∂v: auZqZn "Cuam≥
Imcyw A©m°n'bncn-°p∂p?! auZqZn "Ckvemw-aXw' F∂ ]pkvXI - Ø- n¬
Cuam≥Im-cy-ßs - f-°p-dn®v hnh-cn-®t- ∏mƒ kzoI-cn® coXn-bmWv hna¿i-\-
Øn-\m-[m-cw. AXn-et- ±lw Cuam≥ Imcy-ßƒ A©m-bn-´mWv FÆn-bn-´p-
≈-sX∂pw Bdm-asØ Imcy-amb JZvdn-ep≈ hnizmkw hn´p If-™n-cn-
°p-∂p-sh∂pw AXp Pam-AØ - p-Im¿ JZvdn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√-∂p≈-Xn\p-
≈ hy‡-amb sXfn-hm-sW∂pw AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ah¿ hnizm-k] - c
- -
ambn ]ng-®p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂p-sam-s°-bmWv Bt£-]w. hna¿iI≥
Fgp-Xp∂p:
""]cn-ip≤ Ckvem-anse Cuam≥Im-cy-ßƒ Bdm-sW∂v ÿnc-amb lZo-
kp-Iƒ aptJ\ sXfn-™X - m-Wv. Camw apkvenapw a‰pw dnt∏m¿´p sNbvX
{]kn-≤a- mb lZo-kp-If - n¬ AXp ImWmw. F∂m¬ hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°p aXw
]Tn-∏n-°m≥ Xøm-dm-°nb auZq-Zn-bpsS cnkmse Zo\n-ømØv F∂ {KŸ-
Ønepw AXns‚ ae-bmf ]cn-`m-j-bmb Ckvemw aXw F∂ ]pkvX-I-
Ønepw ]d™ hmN-I-ßƒ Cu Imcy-Ønepw apkvenw-I-fpsS hnizm-k-
Im-cy-ßf- n¬\n∂pw _lp-Zqcw AI-se-bm-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°p-∂p-≠.v ""apl-
ΩZv \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n A©p Imcy-ßf - n¬ hniz-kn-°p-hm≥ \n¿tZ-in-®n-
´p-s≠∂v Ign™ A[ym-bß - f- n¬ hnh-cn-®p-ht- √m.''(t]Pv 126) (J-Zdv n-ep≈
hnizm-ks - am-gn®v _m°n A©p-Im-cy-ßsf auZqZn AhnsS FÆn-bn-´p-≠.v )
Aßs\ apgp-h≥ apkvenw-I-fpsS hnizm-k-Øn\pw hy‡-amb lZo-kp-
Iƒ°pw IS-I-hn-cp-≤-ambn Cuam≥Imcyw A©mbn am{Xta At±lw
ImWp-∂p-≈q. CXn-s\-Xnsc apkvenw-If - psS i‡-amb {]Xn-tj[w Db¿∂-
t∏mƒ ]cn-`m-j-I-\mb A∂sØ tIcf Aao-dn-s∂-gp-Xn-°n-ńb adp-]Sn
c≠mw ]Xn-∏n¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-ß-s\-bmWv: "Cuam≥ Imcy-ßƒ
A©m-bn-´mWv Rm\n-hnsS hnh-cn-®n-´p-≈X - .v CXv hnip≤ Jp¿-B\ - n¬ "kqd-
Øp¬ _Jd'bnse Ba-\¿d-kq-ep.. "kqd-Øp-∂n-kmC'se "ha≥ bIv^p¿'
.. F∂o hmIy-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\a- m-°n-bm-W.v \_n-hN - \
- ß
- f
- n¬, "JZvdn'ep≈
hnizm-khpw Cuam≥ Imcy-ßf - n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-s≠-∂X - n¬ kwi-b-
87
an-√. At∏mƒ Cuam≥Imcyw A©n\p ]Icw Bdm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-

Wv. F∂m¬ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ JZvdn-ep≈ hnizmkw A√m-lp-hn-ep≈
hnizm-k-Øns‚ AwiamWv. hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ AtX \ne-°m-
WXv hnh-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. AXn-\m¬ Rm\pw {]kvXpX hnizm-ksØ
GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ hni-Zo-I-c-W-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv
sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv''(Ckvemw aXw, ASn-°p-dn∏v, t]Pv 124, 125). \_n-h-N-
\-ßƒs°-Xn-cn¬ Jp¿-B-\n¬\n∂v t\cn¬ hnizm-k-Im-cy-ßƒ I≠p-
]n-Sn-°m≥ am{Xw lp¶v ImWn® Hcp t\Xm-hns‚ {]ÿm\w F{X-
am{Xw ISp-Ø-Xm-sW∂v hmb-\-°m¿ hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.''(P-am-
AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\-hpw, t]Pv 35, 36)
C{Xbpw hna¿i-Is‚ Bt£-]-am-Wv. "Ckvemw-aXw' F∂ ]pkvX-
Ihpw AXn¬ auZqZn Fgp-Xn-b-sX∂v hna¿i-I≥ Xs∂ kΩ-Xn-°p∂
ASn-°p-dn-∏p-sa√mw hmbn-®n´pw Abmƒ°p a\-n-em-bXv auZq-Znbpw Pam-
AsØ Ckvem-an-°mcpw Cuam≥ Imcy-ß-fn¬ As©-Æ-Ønte hniz-
kn-°p-∂p-≈qsh-∂m-Wp-t]m¬!
s]mXp-hn¬ temIw AwKo-Ic - n-®p-hc- p∂ Hcp XØz-ap≠v: Bsc-¶nepw
Hcp Imcyw ]d-bp-Ibpw AXn¬ h√ kwi-bhpw tXm∂p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬
]d™ BtfmSp hni-Zo-Ic - Ww tXSp-I. Abmƒ \¬Inb hni-Zo-Ic - Ww
icn-bm-sW-¶n¬ AwKo-I-cn-°pI; Bt£]w ]n≥h-en-°p-I. Cs√-¶n¬
hni-Zo-Ic - Ww Jfin-°p-I.
""\_n-h-N-\-ß-fn¬, JZvdn-ep≈ hnizm-khpw Cuam≥ Imcy-ß-fn¬
Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-s≠-∂Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√. At∏mƒ Cuam≥Imcyw
A©n\p ]Icw Bdm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ JZvdn-ep≈
hnizmkw A√m-lp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-kØ - ns‚ Awi-am-W.v ... Rm\pw {]kvXp-
X-hn-izm-ksØ GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ hni-Zo-I-c-W-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-
Øp-Ib - mWv sNbvXn-´p-≈X - v'' F∂mWv auZq-Zn-bpsS hni-Zo-Ic - W
- w. Xm≥
JZvdn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂p-s≠∂pw AXv A√m-lp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-kØ - ns‚
`mK-ambn hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-´p-s≠-∂p-amWv At±lw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. hna¿i-I\v
Aev]s - a-¶nepw kXy-k‘- X - b- p-s≠-¶n¬ Cu hni-Zo-Ic - Ww kzoI-cn-®v,
auZqZn JZvdns\ \ntj-[n-°p-∂p-sh∂pw hnizm-k-Øn¬ ]ng-®n-cn-°p-∂p-
sh-∂p-ap≈ Btcm-]Ww ]n≥h-en-t°-≠-X-t√. F∂m¬ \mfn-Xp-hsc
AXp-≠m-bn-ń-√.
]ns∂ t\m°m-\p-≈-Xv, "A√m-lp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øns‚ hni-Zo-I-
c-WØ - n¬ JZvdn-ep≈ hnizmkw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p' F∂ {]kvXm-
h\ icn-bmtWm F∂m-Wv. "Ckvemw aXw' F∂ ]pkvX-Iw-Xs∂ ]cn-
tim-[n-®m¬ A°mcyw hy‡-am-hp-∂X - m-Wv. "emC-eml C√-√mlv' F∂
]cn-ip≤ hmIy-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øns‚ Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ hnh-cn-®-Xn¬
AXpƒs∏-ń-´p-s≠∂v GXv km[m-c-W-°m-c\pw a\-n-emIpw. AXnse
Xmsg tN¿°p∂ `mKw hn[n-hn-izm-ksØ khn-tijw hnfn-t®m-Xp-∂p≠v:
""8. ]cn-ip≤ hmIy-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-kw, D≈-Xp-sIm≠v Xr]vXn-b-S-
88
bp-I, Bi-Iƒ A\y-cn-te°v Xncn-°m-Xn-cn-°pI F∂o kZvKp-W-

ßƒ a\p-jy-cn¬ DZv`q-X-am-°p-Ibpw AXym-i, Akqb XpS-ßnb
\oN-hn-Im-c-ßƒ Ahs‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬ \n∂v ]pd-Øp-I-f-bp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. hnPbw Ic-ÿ-am-°p-hm-\mbn \njn-≤tam \oNtam
Bb am¿Kw ssIs°m-≈p-I-sb∂ Nn¥ t]mepw Ahs‚ lrZ-b-
Øn¬ DZn-°p-I-bn-√. Blmcw ssZh-Øns‚ ]°-em-Wv; Xm≥ Dt±-
in-°p-∂-h¿°v AX-h≥ Ipdthm IqSp-Xtem \evIp∂p; ta∑, i‡n,
t{ib-v, {]i-kvXn, ÿm\-am-\-ßƒ, `cWw F√mw Xs∂ ssZh-
Øns‚ A[n-Im-c-Øn-emWv; Xs‚ CjvShpw bp‡n-bp-a-\p-k-cn®v
Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw Dt±-in-°p-∂{X I≠v Ah≥ {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p;
Xs‚ tPmen ssZhw \evIn-bn-´p≈ Ign-h\ - p-kc
- n®v \ymb-amb am¿tKW
]cn-{i-an-°pI am{X-amWv; hnP-b] - c- m-Pb - ß- ƒ ssZh-Øns‚ Icp-Wm-IS- m-
£sØ B{i-bn-®m-Wn-cn-°p-∂Xv; Ah≥ \evIm\pt±-in-°p-∂] - £w temI-
Ønse bmsXmcp i‡n°pw AXp XS-bpI km[y-a√ - . C\n Xcm-Xn-cn-°p-
hm-\m-Wh - \- p-t±-in-°p-∂s - X-¶ntem, bmsXmcp i‡n°pw AXp hmßn-Ø-
cm\pw km[n-°b - n-√˛ F∂n-ßs - \-bm-Wh - ≥ hniz-kn-°p-I.''(Ckvemw aXw,
t]Pv 123, 124)
C{X hy‡hpw hni-Zhpw kpµ-c-hp-ambn JZvdn-ep≈ hnizmkw hni-
Zo-Ic- n® tijhpw auZq-Zn-bpsS t]cn¬ JZv¿ \ntj[w Btcm-]n-°p-∂Xv
ISpØ [n°mcw Xs∂.
\∑-Xn-∑-Iƒ, hnP-b-]-cm-P-b-ßƒ F√mw ssZh-\n-›-bhpw \nb-{¥-
W-hp-a\ - p-kc - n-®m-sW∂ hnizm-ka - m-Wt√m JZvdn-ep≈ hnizmkw. D≤rX
hmIy-ßf - n¬ auZqZn at\m-lc - a - mbn hnh-cn-®Xpw AXp-Xs - ∂. JZv¿ \ntj-
[-Øns‚ i‡-\mb hna¿i-I\pw JZv¿ hnizm-k-Øns‚ bp‡y-\p-km-c-
ap≈ ka¿Y-I\ - p-am-bn-cp∂p auZq-Zn-sb-∂s{X kXyw. At±-lØ - ns‚ ]e
IrXn-Ifpw AXns‚ hy‡-amb sXfn-hp-I-fm-Wv.
F∂m¬ Cuam≥ Imcy-ßƒ Cßs\ A©mbn Npcp°n FÆmtam
F∂XmWv ]ns∂ {]k-‡-amb tNmZyw. AXv kw_-‘n® hni-I-e-\-
Øn\p apºv "Ckvemw aX'sa∂ ]pkvX-IsØ H∂v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-
∂Xv \∂m-bn-cn-°pw. A`y-kX v h - n-Zy¿°pw Aap-ke v nw-Iƒ°pw Ckvem-ans\
]Tn-°m-\p-XI - p∂ Hcp {]tXy-Ic - o-Xn-bn-emWv AXns‚ {Iao-Ic - W- w. Zo\ns‚
\nb-a-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n®v AXp am{X-amWv icnbpw kXy-hp-sa∂v kbp-
‡nIw ka¿Yn-°p-∂p≠v {KŸ-Im-c≥. Cu ]pkvXIw Ckvem-ans\ A[n-
I-cn-s®-gp-Xnb at‰-sXmcp IrXn-sb-°mfpw IqSp-Xe - m-bn, Ad-_n-bS- °w Fgp-
]-Xn-e[ - nIw `mj-bn¬ hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-Sm\pw tImSn-°W - ° - n\p hmb-
\-°msc BI¿jn-°m-\p-ap≈ Imc-Whpw as‰m-∂√ - .
Xm≥ Cuam≥Imcyw As©-ÆØ - n-sem-Xp°n hni-Zo-Ic - n-®s - X-¥p-sIm-
≠m-sW∂v auZqZn hy‡-am-°n-bXv \mw I≠p. Jp¿-Bs‚ {]_-e-amb
]n≥_-ea- p-≈X - p-sIm≠v B hni-Zo-Ic - W
- hpw X≈n-°f - b
- m≥ ]‰n√; F∂√
CtX Jp¿-B\ - nI {]am-Wa- \ - p-kc - n®v ]q¿hnI ]fin-X∑ - m-cn¬s]´ ]ecpw
89
Cuam≥Im-cy-ßsf auZqZn FÆnbXp t]mse FÆnbn-´p-≠v. DZm-

l-c-W-am-bn,
Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬ Pam-A-Øns‚ AJo-Z-bpsS {KŸ-amWv
"id-lp¬ AJo-Z-Øn-Ø-lm-hn-ø.' auZqZn "Ckvemw-aXw' F∂ ]pkvX-
I- Ø ns‚ ASn- ° p- d n- ∏ n¬ sImSpØ AtX Bb- Ø p- I ƒ (kqd
A¬_-Jd 285, 286, A∂n-km-Av 136) D≤-cn-®p-sIm≠v {KŸ-Im-c≥
Fgp-Xp∂p:
(Ch-bmWv ASn-ÿm\ hnizm-kI - m-cy-ßƒ. A√mlp ]d™p: Xs‚ \mY-

\n¬\n∂v X\n-°-h-X-cn-®p-In-ń-b-Xn¬ dkq¬ hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p∂p; kXy-
hn-izm-kn-Ifpw, F√m-hcpw Xs∂ A√m-lp-hnepw Ahs‚ ae-°p-If - nepw
{KŸ-ßf - nepw ZqX-∑m-cnepw hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p''(A¬_-Jd 285). A√mlp
]ns∂bpw ]d™p: \nßƒ \nß-fpsS apJw Ing-t°mt´m ]Sn-™m-tdmt´m
Xncn-°p-∂X - √ ]pWyw... {]hm-NI - ∑
- m-cnepw F∂-Xp-hs - c(-A¬_-Jd 177),
A√mlp hnizm-kI - m-cy-ßf - mbn AwKo-Ic - n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Cu kap-®b - s - Ø-
bm-Wv. Cu kap-®-b-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-hsc hnizm-kn-Iƒ F∂mWv
Ah≥ hnfn-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v. Ch-bn¬ Ahn-iz-kn-°p-∂h - sc A√m-lp-hnepw
Ahs‚ ae-°p-If - nepw Ahn-iz-kn-°p-∂h - ¿ F∂p XpS-ßp∂ (kqd \nkm-
Av 136) kq‡-Øn-eqsS Ahn-izm-kn-I-fmbn {]Jym-]n-®-t]mse Xs∂.
Cuam≥ kw_-‘-ambn \_n(-k)-tbm-Sp≈ Pn_vco-ens‚ tNmZyw ]cm-
a¿in-°p-∂Xpw lZokv hnim-cZ- ∑ - m¿ sFI-IW - vtTy\ D≤-cn-®X
- p-amb B
lZo-kn¬ \_n(-k) ]d™p: A√m-lp-hnepw Ahs‚ ae-°p-I-fnepw
Ahs‚ {KŸ-ß-fnepw Ahs‚ ZqX-∑m-cnepw A¥y-\m-fnepw JZvdnepw
90
˛A-Xnse \∑-bnepw Xn∑-bnepw Xs∂˛ \o hniz-kn-°p-I-bmWv

Cuam≥. {]hm-N-I-∑mcpw ZqX-∑mcpw \ncm-t£]w AwKo-I-cn® Cu
Imcy-ß-fmWv auen-I-Im-cy-ßƒ. ZqX-∑m-cpsS A\p-N-c-∑m¿ am{Xta
Ah-bn¬ bYm¿Y hnizmkw sIm≈p-I-bp-≈q.
C\nbpw ap_vX-Zn-D-I-fp-sSbpw a‰pw hnizmkw hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v
At±lw XpS¿s∂-gp-Xp∂p: ""... A√m-lp-hnepw ae-°p-I-fnepw {KŸ-ß-
fnepw ZqX-∑m-cnepw A¥y-Zn-\Ø - n-ep-ap≈ Cu ZpjvSh - n-`m-KØ
- ns‚ hnizm-
k-as{X CXv. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Ch-bm-Wt√m Zo\ns‚ A©-Sn-ÿm-\ß - ƒ.''
apA-Xv k- n-en-If
- psS hnizm-kß - ƒ hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v At±lw ]ns∂bpw
]d-bp∂p: ""ZqX-∑m¿ \ntbm-Kn-°s - ∏´ A©-Sn-ÿm\ Imcy-ßƒ°p ]Icw
Ah¿ sa\-™p-≠m-°nb A©-Sn-ÿm\ Imcy-ß-fs{X Ch.''
At±lw ho≠pw Fgp-Xp∂p: ""A_q-Xm-en-_n¬ a°n ]d™p:
Cuam≥ Imcy-ßƒ GgmWv; Cu A©pw JZvdn-ep≈ hnizm-khpw \c-I-
˛-kz¿K-ßf - n-ep≈ hnizm-kh - pw.)(-id- l
- p¬ AJo-ZØ - p-Øl - m-hnøx, t]Pv
270-˛273)
auZqZn "Ckvemw-aXw' F∂ IrXn-bpsS ASn-°p-dn-∏n¬ kqNn-∏n®
AtX Bb-ØpIfpw hna¿i-I≥ kqNn-∏n® lZokpw D≤-cn-®p-sIm-≠p-
Xs∂ "id-lp¬ AJo-ZØ - p-Øl - m-hnø' F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ X¬I¿Ømhv
Cuam≥ Imcy-ßƒ A©m°n FÆn-bXv \mw I≠p. lZo-kn¬ JZv¿
kw_-‘n-®p≈ ]cm-a¿i-ap-s≠∂v {]tXyIw Hm¿°p-I. F∂n´pw Ct∂-
hsc At±lsØ Bcpw-Xs∂ AXns‚ t]cn¬ A[n-t£-]n®p I≠n-ń-
√. ]≈n Z¿kp-I-fn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ as‰mcp InXm-_p≠v: "Civdq-\ -kn-
^mØv' F∂ t]cn-em-WX - d- n-bs
- ∏-Sp-∂X - v. AXn¬ Ccp-]Xv kn^-Øp-Iƒ
hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v ]d-bp-∂Xp ImWpI:
(\ΩpsS bP-am-\-\mb A√m-lp-hn-s\-°p-dn®v Hmtcm a\p-jy\pw \n¿_-

‘-ambpw Adn-™n-cn-t°≠ aq∂p kwK-Xn-Iƒ "emC-eml C√-√mlp'
F∂ hmIyw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p-s≠∂v \n\°p hy‡-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p-ht- √m.
A√m-lp-hns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw A\n-hm-cy-am-bXpw kw`-hn-°m-hp-
∂Xpw kw`-hn-®p-Iq-Sm-Ø-Xp-amb Imcy-ß-fs{X Ah. "apl-Ω-Zp¿d-kq-ep-
√mln' F∂ hmIy-am-h-s´, a‰p {]hm-N-I-∑m-cnepw ae-°p-I-fnepw BIm-
i-{K-Ÿß
- f- nepw A¥y-Zn-\Ø
- n-ep-ap≈ hnizm-khpw AXpƒs°m-≈p-∂p-
≠v. Imc-Ww, \_n(-k) h∂n-´p-≈Xv B Imcy-ßf - {- Xbpw kXy-s∏-Sp-Øn-
s°m≠p IqSn-bm-Wv.)
91
F∂ t]cn¬ as‰mcp InXm-_p-≠v, ]≈n Z¿kn¬ ]Tn-

∏n-°p-∂X
- m-bn. AXn¬ Cuam≥ Imcy-ßƒ Ggm-bmWv hnh-cn-®n-´p-≈X
- v.
""\_n hN-\-ß-ƒs°Xn-cn¬'' F∂v hna¿i-I≥ ]d-bp-tºmƒ
\_n-hm-Iy-Øn¬ Cuam≥Imcyw A©mbn hnh-cn-®n-ń-s√-∂m-Wt√m
At±lw A¿Y-am-°p-∂-Xv. anX-ambn ]d-™m¬ AXp hnh-c-t°-Sm-
Wv. klo-lp¬ _pJm-cn-bn¬ Cuam≥ Imcy-ßƒ hnh-cn-°m-\mbn
F∂p XpS-ßp∂ Hcp A[ymbw ImWmw.
AXn¬ Cuam≥ Imcy-ßƒ A©m-bmWv FÆn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv:
(A_q-lp-d-bvd(-d)-bn¬\n∂v \nth-Z\w. At±lw ]d™p: Hcp Znhkw

\_n(-k) P\-a[ - y-Øn¬ Ccn-°p-Ib- m-Wv. At∂cw Hcmƒ h∂v tNmZn®p:
Cuam≥ F¥mWv?' Ahn-S∂v ]d™p: A√m-lp-hnepw Ahs‚ ae-°p-I-
fnepw Ahs\ I≠p-ap-´p-sa-∂-Xnepw Ahs‚ ZqX-∑m-cnepw ac-Wm-\-¥c
Pohn-XØ- nepw hniz-kn-°p-Ib
- mWv Cuam≥.' At±lw tNmZn®p: F¥mWv
Ckvemw?' Ahn-S∂v ]d™p: A√m-lp-hn\v C_m-ZØv sNøp-I, Ah-
\n¬ H∂pw ]¶p-tN¿°m-Xn-cn-°p-I.)
CtX lZokv apkven-anepw ImWmw. Cuam≥ Imcy-ßƒ lZo-kp-I-
fn¬ hnhn[ coXn-bn-¬ hnh-cn-®p-ImWmw; A©mbpw Bdmbpw Ggm-bp-
sam-s°.
]≈n-Z¿kp-If- n¬Xs∂ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ as‰mcp InXm-_mWv apX-^¿dn-
Zv. AXn¬ Cuam≥ Imcy-ßƒ hnh-cn-®n-´p-≈Xv ]sØ-Æ-am-bm-Wv. AXv
Cßs\ hmbn°mw:
(A√m-lp-hnepw Ahs‚ ae-°p-If - nepw {KŸ-ßf

- nepw ZqX-∑m-cnepw A¥y-
Zn-\Ø
- nepw JZvdnepw ˛A-Xn¬ ip`tam Aip-`tam Bbn-´p-≈s - X√mw A√m-
lp-hn¬\n-∂m-sW∂pw kz¿K-Ønepw \c-I-Ønepw {Xmknepw ac-Wm-\-
¥c Pohn-X-Ønepw hniz-kn-°-emWv Cuam≥.)
"AJo-Z-Øp-Ø-lm-hnø'bn¬ A©mbpw "idlp Ba≥Xp-_n-
√mln'F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ Ggmbpw apX-^¿cnZv ]Ømbpw _pJm-cnbpw
apkvenapw D≤-cn® Hcp lZokpw k\q-knbpw A©mbpw hyXykvX coXn-
bn¬ Cuam≥ Imcy-ßƒ FÆn-b-XmWv \mw CXp-hsc I≠-Xv. Imcyw
hy‡-am-Wv. apX-^¿dn-Zn-¬ Ah-km-\sa-Ænb kz¿Kw, \c-Iw, {Xmkv, ac-
Wm-\¥ - c PohnXw F∂n-hb - n-se-√m-ap≈ hnizmkw Ah-km\ \mfn-ep≈
92
hnizm- k - Ø n- e pƒs°m- ≈ n- ® m¬ Cuam≥ Imcy- ß ƒ ]Øp- ≈ Xv

Bdmbn®pcp-ßpw. C\n JZvdn-ep≈ hnizmkw A√m-lp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-
Øn-epƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬ Bdp-≈Xv A©mbn Npcp-ßpw. AXmWv AJo-Z-
Øp-Ø-lm-hn-ø-bnepw k\q-kn-bnepw \mw I≠-Xv. "CkvemwaXw' F∂
]pkvX-I-Øn¬ auZqZn sNbvXXpw AXm-bn-cp-∂p.
tIc-f-Øn¬ "kakvX'bpsS ta¬t\m-´-Øn¬ \S-∂p-h-cp∂ tImtf-
Pp-If - n¬ ]mT-]p-kXv I- a- mbn AwKo-Ic - n-®n-´p-≈Xpw Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬
Pam-AØ - ns‚ "AJo-ZI - ƒ' hnh-cn-°p-∂X - p-amb "id-lp¬ AJm-CZv' F∂
{KŸ-Øn¬ Cuam≥ Imcy-ßƒ Cu {Ia-Øn-sem-∂p-a√ hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-
Xv. AXn¬ A°hpw FÆ-hp-sam-∂p-an-√. F∂p-sh®v X¬I¿Ømhv kAv-
Zp-±o-\n-Ø-^vXm-km\ntbm aqe-{K-Ÿ-amb "A¬-A-Jm-C-Zp-∂-k^n'bpsS
I¿Ømhv A√mam Da-dp-∂k - ^- ntbm Ckvem-an¬\n∂pw Alvep-p-∂Øn
h¬ Pam-AØ - n¬\n-∂p-sams° ]pd-Øp-t]m-bX - mbn \mfn-Xp-hsc Bcpw
]d-™p-tIń-ń-√. bYm¿Y t_m[hpw ]c-tem-I-hn-izm-k-hp-ap-≈-h¿°p
a‰p≈hsc Im^n-dm-°pI A{X Ffp-∏a - p≈ Imcy-hp-a√- .
B[p-\nI ImesØ {]ikvX Ckvem-anI Nn¥-I\ - mb tUmIvS¿ bqkp-
^p¬ J¿Zm-hnbpw a‰p c≠p ]fin-X∑ - mcpw tN¿∂p Xøm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≈Xpw
JØ¿ Kh¨sa‚ns‚ hnZym-`ymk hIp∏v aX-hn-Zym-e-b-ß-fn¬ ]mT-]p-
kvXI - a- mbn \n›-bn-®n-´p-≈X- p-amb "AØu-loZn's‚ c≠mw `mK-Øn¬ ]d-
bp-∂Xp {i≤n-°pI:
(F∂m¬ Jp¿-B≥ JZv¿ hnizm-ksØ AJo-Z-bpsS LS-I-ß-fn¬ Hcp

kzX-{¥-LS- I - a
- mbn FÆn-bn-ń-√. ]I-cw, A©v LS-Iß - ƒ ]d™v aXn-
bm-°p-Ib- mWv sNbvXXv; A√m-lp-hnepw A¥y-Zn-\Ø - nepw ae-°p-If - nepw
{KŸ-Ønepw {]hm-NI - ∑
- m-cn-ep-ap≈ hnizm-kw. F∂p XpS-ßp∂
kq‡-Ønepw a‰p-Nne kq‡-ßf - nepw h∂-t]m-se.
""JZv¿ hnizmkw ]tcm-£a- mbn A√m-lp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-kØ - n¬ Dƒs∏-
Sp∂p F∂-XmWv AXn-ep≈ cl-kyw. F∂-√, AXv A√m-lp-hnep≈ hnizm-
k-Øns‚ bYm¿Y `mKw Xs∂-bm-Wv.) (A-Øu-lo-Zv, hmfyw 2, t]Pv 12)
Npcp-°Ø- n¬ ]q¿hn-Icpw B[p-\n-Ic- p-amb ]fin-X∑ - m-cpsS A`n-{]mbw
am{Xta "Ckvemw-aXw' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Cuam≥ Imcy-ßƒ hnh-cn-
®p-sIm≠v auZq-Znbpw ]d-™n-´p-≈q. kaq-lØ - n¬ Ielw krjvSn®p Imcyw
t\Sm≥ {ian-°p∂ Nne-cp-≠v. AØ-c° - m¿ am{Xta AsXmcp alm ]mX-
I-ambn KWn-°p-I-bp-≈q.
93
]Øv
kp∂Øpw auZq-Znbpw
"auZqZn lZokv \ntj-[n-bmWv' ˛A-Xs{X Kpcp-X-c-amb as‰m-cm-tcm-
]-Ww. hna¿i-I≥ Fgp-Xp∂p:
""lZo-kp-Iƒ {]Y-a-Zr-jvSn-bn¬ auZqZn kzoI-cn-®-Xmbn ImWm-sa∂v
{]kvXm-hn-®p-h-t√m. AtX Ah-kcw as‰mcp hn[-Øn¬ Ah kzoI-cn-
°m≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-s√∂p hcp-Øn-Øo¿°m≥ Xs‚ {]kvXm-h\ - I- ƒ hgn
At±lw {ian-®-Xmbn ImWmw. auZqZn ]d-bp∂p: "Jp¿-Bs‚ C{]-Im-c-
ap≈ hy‡-amb sXfn-hn-\p-tijw lZo-kn-tet°m ^nJvln-tet°m aS-
tß≠ Bhiyw \ap-°n-√''(A-lΩv CkvXn-^X v m-A,v- t]Pv 15). Jp¿-Bs‚
sXfn-hn-s\-Xn-cn¬ lZokpw ^nJvlpw D≠m-hm-sa-∂t√ CXn¬\n-∂p≈
[z\n!'' (P-am-AsØ Ckveman: ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\hpw, t]Pv 57)
auZqZn lZokv \ntj-[n-°p-∂p-sh∂v sXfn-bn-°m≥ hna¿i-I\v km[n-
®n-√. AXn-\m¬ At±lw Hc-Shv {]tbm-Kn-°p∂p, auZqZn ]d-™X - n¬\n∂v
Jp¿-Bs - ∂-Xn-cn¬ lZokpw ^nJvlpw hcm-sa∂v [z\n-°p-∂p-sh∂v ]d™v
AZv`pXw Iqdp∂p!
auZq-Zn-bpsS IrXn-bpsS t]cp-t]mepw A]q¿W-am-bmWv hna¿i-I≥
D≤-cn-®-Xv. t]cns‚ ]q¿W-cq]w "GIv \n-lm-bØv Alw CkvXn^vXm'
F∂m-Wv.
lZokv kw_-‘n-s®-gp-Xnb H∂√ B eLp-Ir-Xn. Aapkvenw \ymbm-
[n-]t\m Aapkvenw NmXn-°m-ct\m apkvenw Zº-Xn-am-cpsS hnhmlw Zp¿_-
e-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬ AXns‚ hn[n-sb-¥m-sW∂pw a‰pw kw_-‘n®p U¬ln-
bn¬\n∂v Ab®p Inńb GXm\pw tNmZy-ßƒ°p auZqZn Aev]w hnkvX-
cn®v \evIn-bn-´p≈ adp-]S- n-bnse Hcp `mK-am-WX- v. AXn¬ A\n-kvem-anI
\oXn-\ymb hyh-ÿ-bpsS Akzo-Im-cyX Jp¿-B-\nI sXfn-hp-I-fpsS
]n≥_-e-tØmsS ka¿Yn-®-tijw auZqZn Fgp-Xp∂p:
94
""Ch Jp¿- B - \ nse kphy‡ kq‡- ß - f m- W v . Ahy- ‡ - a mb

bmsXm∂pw Ah-bn-en-√. Ckvem-ans‚ kmwkvIm-cnI hyh-ÿ-bp-
sSbpw \mK-cnI hyh-ÿ-bp-sSbpw ASn-Ød GsXmcp tI{µm-Z¿i-
Øn-t∑¬ ÿm]n®n-cn-°p-∂pthm AXp Xs∂bpw Ahy-‡-am-sW∂p
h∂m¬ Jp¿-Bs‚ Ah-X-cWw t]mepw-˛-A-√m-lp-hn¬ ic-Ww˛
\njv^-e-am-bn-Øo-cp-a-t√m. AXp-sIm-≠mWv as‰m-c-`n-{]m-b-Øn\p ]gp-
Xn-√mØ hn[w {]kv]-jvShpw Jfin-X-hp-amb cq]-Øn¬ Jp¿-B≥
AXv hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Jp¿-Bs‚ A{]-Im-c-ap≈ Hcp hnh-c-W-
Øn-\p-ti-jhpw lZotkm ^nJvtlm At\z-jn-t°≠ bmsXm-cm-h-
iyhpw \ap-°n-√.''(GIv \nlm-bØv Alw CkvXn-^vXm)
Jp¿-B\pw kp∂Øpw ^nJvlp-amWv tNmZy-Øn¬ sXfn-hm-hi - y-s∏-ń-
cn-°p-∂-Xv. Jp¿B≥ sIm≠p-Xs∂ {]kv]-jvS-ambn sXfn-™p-I-gn-™n-
cnt° C\nbpw lZo-knepw ^nJvlnepw sXfnhv ]c-tX-≠-Xn-s√∂v ]d-
bp-Ibs{X auZqZn ChnsS sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂X - v. {]kvXpX hmIyw BZy¥w
hmbn-°p∂ GsXm-cmƒ°pw hy‡-am-hp∂ Imcy-am-WXv. auZq-Zn-Jfi - \w
am{Xw e£y-am°nb hna¿i-I≥ auZq-Zn-bpsS Hcp Jfin-I-bpsS Ah-
km-\h - m-Iy-amb "Jp¿-Bs‚ C{]-Im-ca - p≈ hy‡-amb sXfn-hn-\p-tijw
lZo-kntet°m ^nJvln-tet°m aS-tß-≠p∂ Bhiyw \ap-°n√' F∂
`mKw am{Xw, AXpw "hnh-cW'sa∂v ]d-tb-≠n-SØv "sXfn-sh'∂v A¿Yw
]d-™p-sIm≠v D≤-cn-°pIbmWv sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂X - v!
C\n lZokv kw_-‘n-®p≈ auZq-Zn-bpsS A`n-{]mbw F¥m-sW∂v
]cn-tim-[n-°mw. At±lw Fgp-Xp∂p:
""AXn-\m¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ {KŸw am{Xw aXn-bm-hp-Ib - n-s√∂pw AXp-
am-bp≈ cnkm-eØ - ns‚ _‘w apdn-™p-t]m-hm≥ ]mSn-√m-ØX - m-sW∂pw
a\-n-em-t°-≠-Xp≠v. dkq-ens‚ Iev]\ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂Xpw amXrI
]n¥p-Sc - p-∂Xpw A√m-lp-hns‚ {KŸ-Øn-ep≈ \nb-aß - ƒ A\p-kc - n-°p-
∂-Xp-t]m-se-Øs∂ \n¿_-‘a - mWv. Rm≥ A√m-lp-hns‚ am{Xw Iev]-
\-Itf A\p-kc - n-°p-Ib
- p-≈q, dkq-ens‚ Iev]\ - tbm amXr-Itbm AwKo-
I-cn-°p-Ib - n√ F∂n-ßs\ ]d-bp-∂h - ¿ cnkm-eØ - p-am-bp≈ _‘w apdn-
®p-If - b- p-Ib - s{X sNøp-∂X - v. X\n°pw ASn-aI - ƒ°p-an-Sb - n¬ A\n-hm-cy-
ambpw D≠m-hW - s - a∂v A√mlp \n›-bn® _‘-amWv Ah¿ apdn-®p-If - -
bp-∂X - .v At∏mƒ AXp "ssZh-Øns‚ ASn-aI - ƒ°v Ahs‚ {KŸw Xs∂
[mcm-f-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£, dkq¬ aptJ\ {KŸw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-sb∂
]mgvthe A√mlp sNbvXp-If - ™p' F∂v ]d-™X - n\p Xpey-ambn. Ch-
cpsS CØ-cØ - n-ep≈ Pev]\ - ß- f - n¬\n-s∂√mw ]cn-ip-≤\ - s{X A√mlp''(X-
^vlo-amØv, hmfyw 1, t]Pv 326, 327)
lZokv \ntj-[n-Isf C{X-tbsd A]-e-]n-°p-Ibpw Jp¿-B\pw
kp∂Øpw kzoI-cn-°p-tºmƒ am{Xta GsXm-cmfpw Ckvem-ans‚ bYm¿Y
A\p-bm-bn-bm-bn-cn-°p-I-bp-≈q-sh∂v C{X-tbsd i‡n-bn¬ ka¿Yn-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXt- i-jhpw auZqZn lZokv \ntj-[n-bmtW F∂p hnfn-®p-Iq-
95
hp-∂-h¿ Xßƒ Hcn-°¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ apºn¬ kam-[m\w t_m[n-

∏n-t°-≠n-h-cp-sa-t∂m¿°m-ØXv IjvSw!
lZo-kns‚ kzoIm-cyX kbp-‡nIw sXfn-bn-®p-sIm≠pw lZokv \ntj-
[n-Iƒ°p hmb-S∏≥ adp-]Sn \evIn-s°m≠pw "kp∂Øv Io Bbo\o
sslkn- b Øv ' (\- _ n- N - c y- b psS {]mam- W n- I - X )- F ∂ t]cn¬ Hcp
]pkvXIw Xs∂-bp≠v auZq-Zn-bp-tS-Xmbn. Cu hnj-b-I-ambn hnc-Nn-
X-amb IrXn-I-fn¬ {]Ya KW-\o-b-amWv AsX-∂XmWv hkvXp-X.
kp∂-Øns‚ h‡m-°ƒ°v F∂pw A`n-am-\n-°m-hp∂ Hcp IrXn-bm-
W-Xv. AXn-eqsS auZqZn kmln_v Jp¿-B-s‚bpw bp‡n-bp-sSbpw
shfn-®-Øn¬ kp∂Øv \ntj-[n-Isf ka¿Y-ambn ap´pIpØn-®n-´p-
≠v. {]kvXpX ]pkvX-I-sa-gpXnb auZq-Zn-bpsS "lZokv \ntj[w'
ÿm]n-°m≥ hna¿i-I≥ D≤-cn-°p∂ as‰mcp sXfnhv ImWpI:
""lZokv imkv{XsØ \ncp-’m-l-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ as‰mcp kmºnƒ
ImWpI: "dmhn-If - psS tbmKy-Xsb kΩ-Xn-®p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Hcp kwKXn
kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xmbn hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXm-bXv lZo-kns\ kw_-‘n®v
F¥p-Xs∂ ]cn-tim-[-\-Iƒ sNbvXn-´p-s≠-¶nepw c≠p hn[-Øn-ep≈
t]mcm-bvaI - ƒ AXn-ep-≠v. H∂v dnt∏m¿ńs‚ ]c-ºc - b
- nepw as‰m∂v {Kln-
°p∂ hnj-b-Øn-epw.'(X-^vlo-am-Øv 1/292) Cu c≠p \yq\-X-Iƒ A]-
cn-lm-cy-ambn \ne-\n¬°p∂ Ime-tØmfw lZokv kzoI-cn-°p-∂X - n-ep≈
hnizm-k° - p-dh - t√ CXp-sIm≠v At±lw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv?'' (P-am-AsØ
Ckveman: ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\hpw, t]Pv 57, 58)
"akvesI CA-vXn-Zm¬' (a-[y-am¿Kw) F∂ t]cn-ep≈ auZq-Zn-bpsS
teJ-\-Ønse Hcp Jfin-I-bpsS Ah-km\ `mK-amWv hna¿i-I≥ D≤-
cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. teJ\w XpS-ßp-∂Xv C{]-Im-c-amWv:
""aX-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ \_n(-k)-bpsS hm°pw {]hr-Ønbpw ]n≥Xp-S-tc-
≠Xp \n¿_-‘a- m-sW∂pw Jp¿-B≥ Ign-®m¬ aX-hn-⁄m\w t\Sm-\p≈
Htc-sbmcp am¿Kw Ahn-SsØ Ncy-bm-sW-∂p-ap≈ Imcyw \ntj-[n-°m≥
apkvenw-If - n¬ B¿°pw Xs∂ km[y-a√ - . Ah-ti-jn-°p∂ tNmZyw CXp
am{X-amWv; {]hm-N-I≥ hgn-bmbn e`n-°p∂ Adnhv GsX√mw cq]-Øn-
emWv? Hmtcm cq]-Øn\pw aX-Øn-ep≈ ÿm\-sa¥v?''
XpS¿∂v apX-hm-Øn¿-˛B - l
- m-Zp-Is
- f-°p-dn®v hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v At±lw
Fgp-Xp∂p: ""c≠m-asØ C\-am-sW-¶n¬ F√m-hcpw Xs∂ AXp "f∂n'(A-
\p-am-\m-[n-jvTn-Xw)-bm-sW∂v AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. AXp ZrV-⁄m-
\m-flI - (-C¬an)-am-sW∂v Bcpw Xs∂ ]d-bp-∂n-√. Cusbmcp Imcy-Øn¬
am{X-amWv ]ns∂ A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ap-≈Xv: B\p-am\nI \nZm-\-sa∂
Ahÿ ]cn-K-Wn®v J_¿-B-lm-Zns‚ (Ht∂m ct≠m ]c-º-c-I-fneqsS
D≤-cn-°s - ∏-Sp∂ lZokv) Imcy-Øn¬ F¥p \ne-]mSv ssIs°m-≈Ww?
C∆n-j-b-I-ambn aq∂v Xcw kao-]-\-ap≠v:
Hcp hn`mKw ]d-bp∂Xv lZo-kp-Iƒ kmI-tey\ A\p-am-\m-kv]Z- a - m-
b-Xn-\m¬ Ah kmI-tey\ X≈-s∏-tS-≠X - m-sW-∂mWv.''
96
lZokv \ntj-[n-I-fpsS Cu hn`m-KsØ Jfin-®p-sIm≠v auZqZn

XpS¿∂p Zo¿L-am-bp-]-\y-kn-°p-∂p-≠v. AXn¬ lZokv imkv{X-Øn¬
F√m-h¿°pw Adn-bm-hp∂ Hcp hkvXpX kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw B hkvXpX
\ne\n¬t°- X s∂ "J_¿- B - l mZv ' AwKo- I - c n- ° m- \ p≈ \ymbw
Fs¥-√m-am-sW∂v hnh-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm≠v At±lw Fgp-
Xp∂p:
""apl-±n-kp-If - psS (l-Zokv hnim-cZ- ∑ - m¿) tkh\w AwKo-Ic - n-°s - ∏-tS-
≠-Xp-Xs - ∂. lZokv \ncq-]W - Ø - n\v Ah¿ Fs¥ms° XØz-ßƒ Bhn-
jvI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-thm, Ah lnPvd H∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬ \S∂ "J_¿' ˛
"Akdp'IfpsS Kth-jW - Ø - n¬ hf-sc-tbsd klm-bI - a - mbn h¿Øn-®n-´p-
≠v F∂ hkvXp-Xbpw AwKo-Ic - n-°s - ∏-tS-≠X - m-Wv. AXp-kw-_‘ - n-®√
N¿®; ASn-ÿm-\] - c - a
- mbn Ahsb B{i-bn-°p-∂X - v F{X-I≠v A`n-Im-ay-
am-sW-∂Xp kw_-‘n®p am{X-am-W.v Ah¿ F∂pw a\p-jy-cm-bn-cp-∂p. a\p-
jys‚ Adn-hn\v {]IrXym A√mlp \n¿W-bn® ]cn-[n-Iƒ adn-IS- ° - pI
Ah¿°pw km[y-a√ - m-bn-cp-∂p. a\p-jys‚ {]h¿Ø-\ß - f - n¬ {]Ir-Xym-bp≈
A]m-I-X-I-fn¬\n∂v Ah¿ kpc-£n-X-c-√m-bn-cp-∂p. ]ns∂ Xm¶ƒs°-
ßs\ ]d-bm≥ Ignbpw; Ah¿ "kzlosl'∂ hn[n-®h bYm¿Y-Øn¬
kzlolv Xs∂ Bbn-s°m-≈W - s - a∂v? Ah kzlo-lm-sW∂ Ah¿°p-X-
s∂bpw ]q¿W t_m[y-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Ahcpw \s∂-°h - n-™m¬ ]d-™n-
cp-∂X - ,v Cu lZokv kzlo-lm-sW∂v A\p-am\w anI®p \n¬°p-∂p-sh∂p
am{X-am-Wv. Cu A\p-am\w Gdn-b] - ¶pw anI®p \n∂n-cp-∂X - m-hs - ´, cnhm-b-
Øn¬ (\n-th-Z\ ZrjvSym) am{X-amWv Xm\pw; Zndm-bØ - n(-Jp¿-B\ - n-Im-ib - -
tØmSv IqSp-X¬ HØp-h-cn-I)-em-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ah-cpsS {i≤m-tI{µw IqSp-
Xepw hnh-cW - k - w-_‘ - n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Bi-bt- _m[yw (^n-Jl v )v Ah-cpsS
ASn-ÿm\ hnj-ba- m-bn-cp-∂n-√. X∂n-anØw ^pJ-lm-°f - psS ho£-WØ - n-
eqsS t\m°p-tºmƒ lZo-kp-Iƒ kw_-‘n® A`n-{]mb ÿm]-\Ø - n¬
^pJ-lm-°f - nse apPvXl - n-Zp-If - psS ]¶v Zp¿_-ea - m-bn-cp-∂p. ]ns∂ Ah-
cpsS ]q¿W-XI - ƒ AwKo-Ic - n-®p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ CXpw AwKo-Ic - n-°s - ∏-tS-
≠-Xp≠v. lZo-kp-Iƒ kw_-‘n®v F¥p-Xs∂ Kth-jW - ß - ƒ Ah¿ \S-
Øn-bn-´p-s≠-¶nepw AXn¬ c≠p-Xcw Zu¿_-ey-ap-≠v. H∂v \nth-Z-I-]-c-
ºc kw_-‘n-®m-sW-¶n¬ a‰Xp Bi-bt- _m[yw (X-^J - p-lv) kw_-‘n-
®m-W.v
""Cu c≠p hi-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ \yq\-X-Iƒ kw_-‘n®v \mw Aev]w
hni-Zo-Ic - n-°mw:
""GsXmcp"cnhm-bØn's‚bpw ]cn-tim-[\ - b- n¬ H∂m-aX - mbn kq£va-
]-T\- Ø- n\v hnt[-ba - m-t°≠ Imcyw Cu cnhm-bØv Bcp-hg- n-bm-sW∂pw
Ah¿ Fß-s\-bp-≈h - c
- m-sW-∂p-am-W.v Cu hiØv hnhn-[c - q-t]W Hmtcm
dmhn(-\n-th-ZI - ≥)bpw ]cn-tim-[n-°s - ∏-ń-´p-≠v; Abmƒ I≈-hm-Zn-bmtWm
At√? \nth- Z - \ - Ø n¬ kq£v a X ]pe¿Øp- ∂ - h - \ mtWm At√?
A[¿antbm, sX‰mb hnizm-kß - f - p-≈h - t- \m, At√? a\x-]m-Ta- m-°p-∂X - n¬
97
Ignhp Ipd-™-h-\mtWm, At√? Np‰p-]m-Sp-Iƒ Adn-bm-Ø-h-\mtWm,

At√? Cu coXn-bn-se√mw Xs∂ \nth-ZI - ∑
- m-cpsS Ah-ÿI - ƒ ]cn-tim-
[n-®, BZ-cW - o-bc - mb "apl-±n-kp-Iƒ' sNbvX, Akvam-D¿dnPm-en(-lZ- okv
\nth-ZI ]c-ºc - b
- nse Hmtcm hy‡n-sbbpw kw_-‘n-°p∂ hnh-cß - ƒ
AS-ßp∂ hn⁄m-\-im-J)s‚ henb tiJ-c-ßƒ kw`-cn-°p-I-sb∂
tPmen \nw-ibw aqey-h-Øm-Wv. F∂mepw Ah-bn¬ ]ng-hn\v km[y-
X-bn-√mØ GXp Imcy-am-Wp-≈Xv? H∂m-a-Xm-bn, \nth-Z-I-∑m-cpsS
Pohn-X-co-Xn, Hm¿a-i-‡n, Ah-cpsS a‰p B¥-cnI {]tXy-I-X-I-fp-am-
sb√mw _‘-s∏´ icn-bmb ⁄m\w e`n-°pI samØ-Øn¬ ZpjvI-
c-am-Wv. c≠m-a-Xm-bn, Ahsc kw_-‘n®v A`n-{]mbw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-
b-h¿ Xs∂bpw am\p-jnI Zu¿_-ey-ß-fn¬\n∂v ]q¿W-ap-‡-c-√.
Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ F√m-h¿°p-sam∏w Hń-t®¿∂p \nev]p-≠v. hy‡n-Isf
kw_-‘n®v A`n-{]m-b-cq-]o-I-cWw \S-Øp-∂-Xn¬ Ah-cpsS hy‡n-
K-X-amb ap≥K-W-\m-Zm-\hpw Hc-f-thmfw kzm[o-\n-®n-cn-°p-sa-∂Xp
Gsd km[y-X-bp≈ Imcy-am-Wv. Cu km[yX _p≤n-]-c-amb tIhe
km[y-X-b-√, kw`-hn-®n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.
ASn-hc - b- n-´Xv hna¿i-I≥ D≤-cn® `mK-ßf - m-W.v Ah am{Xta Abmƒ
D≤-cn-®n-´p-≈q. AXpw tXm∂nbt]mse A¿Y-hy-Xymkw hcp-Øn-bn´v.
hna¿i-I\v Zln-°msX t]mbXv Cu Imcy-ßf - mWv:
1. \nth-Z-I-]-c-º-c-bpsSbpw Bi-b-t_m-[y-Øn-s‚bpw Imcy-Øn¬
apl-±n-kp-Iƒ°p am\p-jnI Zu¿_eyw kw`-hn-®n-´p-s≠∂v ]d-™-Xv.
2. dmhn-Isf Xcw Xncn®p Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw {]m[m\yw Iev]n-°p-∂-
Xn¬ hy‡n-]-c-amb XmXv]cyw kzm[o-\n-°m-sa∂v ]d-™-Xv.
3. Cßs\ kw`-hn-®-Xn\v DZm-l-cWw FSpØp Imń-b-Xv.
CXv lZokv \ncm-I-c-W-Øn\v hgn-sh-t®-°p-sa-∂-√, auZqZn AXn\v
B°w Iq´p-I-IqSn sNøp-∂p-sh∂v Bt£-]n-°p-∂p-ap≠v hna¿i-I≥.
""{]kvXpX {]kvXm-h\ hgn Cu a\p-jy≥ Fs¥m-c{- I-aa - mWv sNbvXXv''
F∂v ]d-bp-tºmƒ hna¿i-I≥ Dt±-in-®n-cn-°pI AXm-W-t√m.
]t£, Nn¥n-t°-≠p∂ as‰mcp Imcy-ap≠v: J_¿ BlmZv "f∂n'(A-
\p-am-\m-[n-jT v n-Xw)bmtWm "C¬an'(Zr-V⁄ - m-\Z- m-bI
- w)bmtWm F∂-Xm-
W-X.v AXv "C¬an-'bm-sW∂v lZokv imkv{X-hp-ambn Aev]s - a-¶nepw _‘-
ap≈ Bcpw ]d-bp-Ib - n-√. "f∂n'-bm-sW-∂Xv Hcp kpk-ΩX bmYm¿Yy-am-
Wp-Xm-\pw. apl-±n-kp-Iƒ aA-vkq-ap-I-fm(-]m-]-kp-c-£n-X¿)tWm F∂
as‰mcp Imcyw-IqSn Nn¥n-t°-≠-Xm-bp-≠v. a\p-jy-cn¬ {]hm-N-I≥am¿
am{Xta aA-k v q-ap-If - p-≈q, F∂mWv Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬ Pam-AØ - ns‚
hnizm-kw.
J_¿ BlmZv "f∂n'-bm-sW∂pw apl-±n-kp-Iƒ ]m]-kp-c£ - n-Xc- s
- √-
∂pw kΩ-Xn-°p-sa-¶n¬ Ah-cn¬\n∂v Xo¿Øpw am\p-jn-Ia - mb A]m-IX
kw`-hn-®n-cn-°m-\p≈ km[yX \ntj-[n-°p-∂Xv F¥-Sn-ÿm-\Ø - n-emWv?
CXp ]d-™-bmƒ auZq-Zn-bm-b-XmtWm sX‰v? AtXm Bcp ]d-™mepw
98
sX‰m-hptam? F¶n¬ apl-±n-kp-Iƒ D∂X io¿j-cmb ]e ]fin-X-

∑m-scbpw Ht∂m ct≠m hy‡n-Isf am{X-a√ Nne hn`m-K-ßsf H∂-
S¶w Xs∂bpw \ncq- ] Ww sNøp- I bpw hna¿in- ° p- I bpw Hs°
sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xn-s\-∏‰n F¥p ]d-bm-\p≠v?
DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v "a°-°m¿°p' Hc-dn-hp-an-√, \nß-fpsS Ipń-Iƒ°p
t]mepw Ah-sc-°mƒ hnh-c-ap-s≠∂v a°-bnse D∂-X-cmb ]fin-
X-∑msc hna¿in-®p-sIm≠v lΩmZv ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. iA-v_n°pw
C_vdm-low \J-C°pw lZokv imkv{X-Øn-ep≈ {]mamWn-IXzw
Bcpw \ntj-[n-°p-I-bn-√. F∂m¬ iAv_n ]d-bp-∂Xv ImWpI:
""C_vdmlow \JCu cm{Xn {]iv\-ßƒ ]Tn-°p-∂p. {]`m-X-am-
bm¬ Bfp-Iƒ°p apºn¬ kz¥w ho£-W-a-\p-k-cn®v Ah hnh-
cn®p ]d-bp∂p.''
C_vdmlow \JCu adn®pw hna¿in-°p∂p: ""Abmƒ hymP-\mb
akvdq-Jn¬\n∂v D≤-cn-°p-∂p. akvdq-Jns\ Abmƒ I≠n-´p-t]m-ep-an-√.''
C\nbpw DZm- l - c - W - ß ƒ \nc- h - [ n- b m- W v . lZokv kzoI- c - W -
Øn¬t]mepw apl-±n-kp-Iƒ ]ecpw ]e coXn ssIs°m-≈p-∂p. _pJm-
cn-bpsS apgp-h≥ D]m-[nbpw apkvenw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. apkven-an-t‚Xp
a‰p-≈h - c
- pw. l\-^n-Iƒ AwKo-Ic - n-°p∂ ]eXpw im^n-Cu-Iƒ°p kzoIm-
cy-a√; adn-®pw. apl-±n-kp-If - psS coXn-b\ - p-kc - n-®√ ^pJ-lm-°ƒ lZokv
kzoI-cn-°p-∂X - v. auZqZn AsX-SpØv ]d-t™-SØ - mWv hna¿i-I≥ Ib-dn-
∏n-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. auZqZn Fgp-Xp∂p:
""Cu hni-Ie - \- Ø
- n¬\n∂v a\-n-em-t°≠ Imcyw CXmWv: lZokv
Xo¿Øpw X≈-s∏-SWw F∂v ]d-bp-∂-h¿ F{X-tØmfw ]ng-hn-emtWm
A{X-Xs∂ ]ng-hn-emWv lZo-kn¬\n∂v Adnhv t\Sm≥ cnhm-bØv am{Xw
]cn-KW - n-®m¬ aXn F∂p ]d-bp-∂h - c
- pw. bYm¿Y hgn c≠n\pw at[y-bm-
Wv. apPvX-ln-Zp-I-fmb Cam-ap-Iƒ ssIs°m-≠-Xm-W-Xv. Camw A_q-l-
\o-^-bpsS aZvl-_n¬ "ap¿kepw' "apA-vfepw' "ap≥J-XnD'amb lZo-kp-
Isf Bkv]Z- a - m-°n-bp≈ [mcmfw akvA - e- I- ƒ ImWmw. {]_e ]c-ºc - -
bn-eqsS h∂ lZokv X≈n Zp¿_-e-amb lZokv kzoI-cn-°p-∂-h-cp-≠v.
Ipd®v am{Xw lZokv ]d-bp-∂-h-cp-≠v. Camw A_q-l-\o-^bpw Iqćpw
Ipd®p am{Xw lZokv ]d-bp-∂-h-cm-Wv. Camw amen-Ins‚ Ahÿ CXm-
bn-cp∂p; \ne-hn-ep≈Xn¬ sh®v "J_¿' kw_-‘a - mb tI{µ-ho-£Ww
At±-l-Øn¬ anI®p \n¬°p-∂p-≠v. F∂n´pw [mcmfw {]iv\-ß-fn¬
apl-±n-kp-Iƒ kzlo-sl∂v hn[n-sb-gp-Xnb lZo-kp-Iƒ°p hncp-≤-ambn
^Xvh \evIm≥ Xs‚ Bi-bt- _m-[w(-X^ - J- vJp-lv) At±-lsØ \n¿_-
‘n-®n-´p-≠v. Xs‚ ^nJvlnse Cu C\-Øn-ep≈ Fgp-]t- Xmfw akvA - e
- ,
ssekp_v\p kAvZv Xn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Camw im^n-Cu-bpsS Ah-
ÿbpw CXn¬\n∂v hf-sc-sbm∂pw `n∂-a√ - . \Du-Zp-_n-√m-ln, Cu Bfp-
Iƒ lZokv kzlo-lm-sW∂v t_m[y-s∏-ń´pw AXn¬\n∂v hyXn-N-en-
®p-sh∂v C∏-d-™-Xn\v Hcn-°epw A¿Y-an-√. Ct√-bn-√. ]ns∂tbm?
99
kwKXn CXmWv: Ah-cpsS ho£-W-Øn¬ lZokv kzoI-c-W-Øns‚

ASn-ÿm\w ]c-ºc am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. \nth-ZI ]c-º-c-bn-ep-]cn B
lZo-kp-Isf GXp-ambn tbmPn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂ ]cn-tim-[\ IqSn-
bm-bn-cp-∂p. GsX-¶nepw lZo-kn¬ Xßƒ°p kam-[m-\-a-S-bm≥
]‰nb, bmYm¿Yy-hp-ambn IqSp-X¬ HØp-h-cp∂ h√Xpw Inń-bm¬
AXv kzoI-cn-°pw. bYm¿Y apl-±n-kp-I-fpsS ho£-W-Øn¬ AXp
Zp¿_-e-ambncn°-s´, A√m-Xn-cn-°-s´.''(X-^vlo-am-Øv, 1979 hmfyw 1,
t]Pv 360, 361)
apl-±n-kp-If - psS Cu Bi-bt- _m-[sØ {]iw-kn-®p-]d - ™
- X
- n-\mWv
""Ckv\m-Zp-Iƒ Akzo-Im-cy-am-°m≥ ]Wn-s∏-Sp-Ibpw auZq-Zn-sb-t∏mse A`n-
cpNn h∂p-sh∂v kzbw Xr]vXc - m-bh- ¿°p btYjvSw lZo-kp-Iƒ kzoI-cn-
°m\pw X≈m\pw kzmX{¥yw \evI-bp-amWv auZqZn sNbvX-Xv'' F∂v
hna¿i-I≥ ]cn-lm-k] - q¿hw Bt£-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂X - .v
Ckv\m-Zp-Iƒ Akzo-Im-cy-am-°m≥ ]Wn-s∏-Sp-I-b-√, alm-∑m-cmb
^pJ-lm-Cs‚ kao-]\w bp‡n-kl - a - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v ÿm]n-°p-Ib - s{X
auZqZn sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂X - .v Jp¿-B\pw {]hm-NI - N- c - n-{Xhpw Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn-
°pI hgn e`y-am-hp∂ {]tXy-Im-`n-cpNn ssZhn-Im-\p-{K-l-am-Ip∂ "X^-
JvJplv' (B-ib - {- Km-ly-X) aqew Df-hm-Ip-∂X - m-sW∂pw Ah-cpsS {]IrXn
Ckvem-ap-ambn CW-ßn-t®-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Hcp lZokv Inń-bm¬ AXp Jp¿-
B-\p-ambn CW-ßp-∂X - mtWm At√-sb∂v Xocp-am-\n-°m≥ Ah¿°p Ign-
bp-∂p-sh∂pw ka¿Yn-®p-sIm-≠mWv hna¿i-I≥ Bt£-]m¿l-sa∂v
hn[n® `mKw auZqZn Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. AXv C{]-Im-c-amWv:
""B ÿm\-sØ-Ønb tijw Hcmƒ°v Ckv\mZv A{X henb {]iv\-
am-Ip-∂n-√. Ckv\m-Zn¬\n∂v Xo¿®-bmbpw klmbw t\Sp-sa-¶nepw Xocp-
am\w Ckv\m-Zn-s\-bS- n-ÿm-\s - ∏-Sp-Øn-bm-bn-cn-°n-√. Abmƒ ]e-t∏mgpw
Kco_pw ZCu^pw ]c-ºc apdn-™(-ap≥J-Xn-Dw)Xpw Bt£-]m¿l-hp-amb
lZo-kp-Iƒ hsc Is≠-Sp-sØ-∂p-hcpw. \ncp-]t- bm-Ki - n-eI- ƒ°n-Sb - n¬\n∂v
cXv\w Is≠-Sp-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bm-W-Xv. Abmƒ ]e-t∏mgpw \yq\-X-bp-
≈Xpw A]q¿W-hpw, ]c-ºc apdn-™Xp (k-Jow, Kco-_v, ap≥J-Øn-
Av)sam∂p-a√ - mØ kzoIm-cy-amb lZokv \ncm-Ic - n-s®∂pw hcpw. B I\-
I-Nj- I - Ø - n¬ \nd-™p-\n-ev°p∂ Bi-ba - m-Ip∂ ]m\obw Ckvem-ans‚
ssNX-\y-hp-ambpw {]hm-NI - {- ]-Ir-Xn-bp-ambpw s]mcp-Øs - ∏-SmsX t]mb-
XmWv AXn\p Imc-Ww.
""Xo¿Øpw A`n-cp-Nnsb ASn-ÿm-\s - ∏-Sp-Øn-bp-≈X - mWv Cu Imcyw.
Hcp hyh-ÿ°p Iogn¬ hcp-∂-X-√. AXv km[y-hp-a-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-
Xs∂ AXn¬ ]≠pw A`n-{]m-bm-¥c - Ø
- n\v ]gp-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. `mhn-bnepw
D≠m-hp-Ibpw sNøpw. apPvXl - n-Zp-If - mb Cam-ap-Iƒ°n-Sb - n¬ ]e imJm-
{]-iv\ß - f - nepw A`n-{]m-bh - y-Xymkw DS-se-Sp-°m≥ Imc-Whpw AXm-Wv.''
teJ\w Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂Xv Cß-s\-bmWv: ""apgp-h≥ Cam-ap-Ifpw
sFI-IW - vtTy\ ]d-™I - m-cyw, GsXmcp {]iv\Ø - n-em-bmepw {]hm-NI
100
Ncy I≠ tijhpw as‰m-cm-fpsS A`n-{]mbw, Abmƒ F{X henb

alm-\m-bn-cp-∂mepw kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv ldm-am-sW-∂-s{X.''(X-^vlo-am-
Øv, 1979 hmfyw 1, t]Pv 363, 364)
lZo-kn-t\mSv C{X-tbsd {]Xn-_-≤X ]pe¿Øp∂ Hcp alm-s\-°p-
dn-®mWv Abmƒ lZokv \ntj-[n-bmtW F∂v hnfn-®p-Iq-hp-∂X - v. AXpw
At±lw lZokv \ntj-[n-I-fpsS hmZ-ßƒ AXn-k-a¿Y-ambn Jfin-®p-
sIm≠v Fgp-Xnb teJ-\ß - ƒ Xs∂ Bbp-[a - m-°n-s°m≠v!! hna¿i-I≥
Ah-ew-_-am-°nb teJ-\-Øn\v sXm´p-apºv X^vlo-am-Øn¬ Xs∂-
bp-≈, auem\m auZq-Zn-bpsS "ap≥I-cot\ lZokv tI akve-Iv]¿
GIv \mJn- Z m\ \kv ¿ '(l- Z okv \ntj- [ n- I - f psS kao- ] - \ - Ø n\p
t\scbp≈ Hcp hna¿i-\m-flI ho£-Ww) F∂ \o≠ B teJ\w
H∂p hmbn®p t\m°m-\p≈ kua-\kyw ImWn-°p∂ GsXm-cmƒ°pw
Cß-s\-sbm-cm-tcm-]Ww D∂-bn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√.
101
]Xn-s\m∂v
kXy-Øns‚ am\-Zfiw
""kXy-Øns‚ am\-Z-fi-ambn \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\nsb am{Xta kzoI-cn-
°m≥ ]mSp-≈q-sh∂v Pam-A-Øp-Im¿ hniz-kn-°p∂p''˛ hna¿i-I≥
Pam-A-Øn\v ImWp∂ as‰mcp tZmj-am-Wn-Xv. Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬
Pam- A - Ø ns‚ AJo- Z °pw klm- _ - Ø n- s \- ° p- d n®v apkv e nw- I ƒ
Ct∂mfw sh®p-]p-e¿Øn-h-∂n-´p≈ hnizm-k-Øn\pw AsX-Xn-cm-Wp-
t]mepw!
sh√q¿ _mJn-bm-Øp-m-en-lm-Ønse {]n≥kn-∏epw ap^vXn-bp-am-bn-
cp∂ BZw l{k-Ø-S°w F´p-t]¿ H∏n´ Hcp "^Xvh' IqSn D≤-cn-®n-cn-
°p∂p hna¿i-I≥. Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-°m¿ ap_vX-Zn-D-I-fpsS ]m¿ń-
bm-sW∂v ka¿Yn-°p-I-bmWv Dt±-iyw. hna¿i-I≥ Fgp-Xp∂p:
""Ah¿ ap_vXZ- n-DI
- fpw ]ng-®h - cpw ]ng-∏n-°p-∂h - cpw Alvep-p-∂Øn
h¬ Pam-AØ - n¬\n∂v ]pd-Øp-t]m-bh - c - p-am-sW-∂Xn¬ kwi-ba - n-√. Cu
hkvXpX Ah-cpsS {]kn-≤o-Ic - W
- ß - f - n¬\n∂v hy‡-am-hp-∂p.
""{]kvXpX ]m¿ń-bn¬ {]th-in-°m≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂h - ¿s°√mw Alvep-
p-∂Øn h¬ Pam-A-Øns‚ hnizm-k-Øn¬\n∂pw ]pd-Øp-t]m-h¬
\n¿_-‘a - m-sW-∂Xv Ah-cpsS ASn-ÿm\ XØz-am-Wv. "A√m-lp-hns‚
dkq-en-s\-°q-SmsX Bscbpw kXy-Øns‚ am\-Z-fi-am-°m≥ ]mSn-√.
Bcpw hna¿i\ hnt[-b-c-s√∂v {Kln-°-bp-a-cp-Xv. Hcm-fp-sSbpw Bflm-
hns‚ ASn-aØ - Ø
- n¬ s]´p-t]m-Ib - p-ac - p-Xv'(Z-kvXq¿ Pam-AsØ Ckvem-
an, t]Pv 8). dkq¬ A√msX a‰m-scbpw kXym-kXy hnth-N-\-Øns‚
am\-Z-fi-am-°m≥ ]mSn-s√∂pw dkq¬ A√msX a‰mcpw \ncq-]-Ww,
Ipd-hp-Iƒ, A]-cm-[-ßƒ F∂n-h-bn¬\n∂v ap‡-am-b-h-cm-sW∂v
hniz-kn-°m-h-X-s√∂pw \_n(-k)sb A√msX Hcm-sfbpw XJveoZv
sNø-cp-sX-∂p-amWv {]kvXpX hmIy-Øns‚ A¿Yw... AXp aptJ\
dkq¬ Hgn-®p-≈-hsc XJveoZv sNbvX-h-cpsS Cuam-\n-s\-Øs∂
\ntj-[n-°p-I-bmWv At±lw sNbvX-Xv. Cam-ap-Iƒ, Xm_n-D-Iƒ,
klm-_Øv XpS-ßn-b-h¿˛ Ah¿ kn±o-Jp¬ AIv_¿ Bbmepw
102
F∂p-th≠ a‰p Aºnbm ap¿k-ep-Iƒ hsc˛ Ipd-hp-I-fn¬\n∂pw

\ncq-]-W-Øn¬\n∂pw ap‡-cm-sW-∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cpsS Cuam-\n-
s\bpw At±lw \ntj-[n-°p-∂p. klm-_Øv kXy-Øns‚ am\-Z-
fi-am-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cp-sS Cuam-\ns\ \ntj-[n-°pI hgn
Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬ Pam-AØv apgp-h\pw icn-bmb Cuam-\n¬
As√∂pw At±lw hcp-Øn-Øo¿Øp.''(P-am-AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-
Whpw hna¿i-\hpw t]Pv 72, 73)
am\-Z-fiw, hna¿i\w F∂o ]Z-ß-fmWv Bt£-]-I¿ hSn-bm-bp-]-
tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. am\-Z-fi-sa-∂m¬ Af-hp-tIm-se-∂pw, hna¿i-\-Øn\v
]cym-tem-N\ - , Nn¥, \ncq-]Ww F∂pw A¿Y-am-W.v BcpsS hm°pw {]hr-
Ønbpw t\m°n-bmtWm a‰p-≈-h-cpsS hm°nepw {]hr-Øn-bn-ep-ap≈
icnbpw sX‰pw Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xv Abm-fm-bn-cn-°p-at√m kXy-Øns‚ am\-
Zfiw F∂v ]d-bp-tºm-gp≈ hnh-£.
hna¿i-Ic - psS ]£w apl-ΩZ- p-\_ - n(-k) am{X-a√ - , a‰p {]hm-NI - ≥amcpw
klm-_n-am¿, Xm_n-DI - ƒ, Xm_n-DØ - m-_n-DI - ƒ, aZvl_ - ns‚ Cam-ap-Iƒ
XpSßn F√m alm-∑mcpw kXy-Øns‚ am\-Zfi - a
- m-sW-∂m-W.v AXmWp
t]m¬ Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬ Pam-A-Øns‚ hnizmkw! klm-_n-am¿
sXmń-tßm-´p-≈h - s
- cm-s°-Øs - ∂bpw apl-ΩZp \_n(-k)sb ]n¥p-Sc - m≥
_m[y-ÿ-cm-sW-∂-dn-bmØ GsX-¶nepw ]ma-c-s\-¶nepw apkvenw kap-
Zm-b-Øn-ep-≠m-hptam F∂v kwi-b-am-Wv. AXm-b-Xv, apl-ΩZv \_n(-k)-
bpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fn¬ Bcpw F¥p sNøp-∂Xpw ]d-bp-∂Xpw Ahn-
SsØ amXr-I-bm°n thWw. AXm-bXv; Ahsc kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw
icn-bpsS, kXy-Øns‚ am\-Zfiw apl-ΩZv \_n(-k) am{X-am-Wv.
apl-ΩZv \_n(-k) am{X-amWv kXy-Øns‚ am\-Zfi - s
- a∂p h∂m¬
]q¿h {]hm-NI - ∑m¿ Aß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂pw Ah-cmcpw aA-vkq-ap-I-
fm-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂pw hniz-kn-t°-≠n-hc - n-Ib
- nt√? AXmWv Bt£-]I - c
- psS
Bi-¶. ]q¿h {]hm-NI - ∑ - m-cpsS CkvaØv \ntj-[Ø - n\v CsXm-cn-°epw
hgn-sh-°p-∂n-s√-∂X - mWv ]c-am¿Yw. ]q¿h {]hm-NI - ∑ - m¿ F√m-hcpw Xs∂
Xm¥m-ßf - psS A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°p kXy-Øns‚ am\-Zfi - a- m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xp
icn-Xs - ∂. \ΩpsS apºn¬ ]t£ B am\-Zfiw C∂p \ne-hn-en-√. Imc-
Ww, Ah-cpsS hm°pw {]hr-Ønbpw icnbmwhÆw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-sh®
bmsXmcp {]am-Whpw \ΩpsS Iøn-en-√. AXpsIm≠pah-km-\n-®n-√, Ah-
cpsS {]hm-NI - Xzw t]mepw apl-ΩZ- v(k - ) hgn-bm-bn-´mWv \mw a\-n-em-°p-
∂Xpw AwKo-Ic - n-°p-∂X - pw. apl-ΩZv \_n(-k)bpsS ico-At- Øm-Sp-IqSn
Ah-cp-sS-sbms° ico-AØ - p-Iƒ Zp¿_-es - ∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. At∏mƒ
]ns∂ ]q¿h-{]-hm-NI - ∑
- msc kXy-Øns‚ am\-Zfi - a
- mbn t\cn´v {]tbm-P-
\-s∏-Sp-ØpI \ap°v Akm-[y-am-W.v ]q¿h {]hm-N∑ -- m-cn¬Xs∂ Bsc-¶nepw
apl-ΩZn(k)s‚ BK-a\ - I- m-eØv Pohn-®n-cn-∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ At±-
lsØ ]n≥]-‰p-Itb At±-lØ - n\v kwK-Xa- m-hp-ambn-cp∂p≈q. ""aqkm Pohn-
®n-cn-∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Fs∂ ]n≥]-‰p-Ib - √- msX At±-lØ - n\v \nhr-
103
Øn-bp-≠m-h-pam-bn-cp-∂n-√''F∂v \_n(-k) {]kvXm-hn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

C\n-bp≈Xv klm-_Ø - ns‚ Imcy-am-Wv. klm-_Øv apgp-h≥ kXy-
Øns‚ am\-Z-fi-am-Wv. Imc-Ww, Ah-sc-√m-hcpw \oXn-am-∑m-cm-Wv.
CXmWv hmZw. \oXn-am-\m-hpI F∂Xpw kXy-Øns‚ am\-Z-fi-am-
hpI F∂Xpw Hcp Imcy-am-tWm? AtXm, c≠pw c≠p kwK-Xntbm
F∂v BZyw a\-n-em-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
Hcmƒ \oXn-am-\m-hpI F∂Xv Abm-fpsS s]mXp-hmb kXy-k-
‘-X-sbbpw hniz-kvX-X-sbbpw B{i-bn-®m-Wn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \oXn-am-
\m-hpI F∂-Xn\v sX‰p ]‰m-Ø-h-\m-hpI F∂v A¿Y-an-√. {]hm-N-
I≥am¿ am{Xta a\p-jy-cn¬ aA-vkq-ap-I-fm-bp-≈q-sh-∂mWv Alvep-
p-∂Øn h¬ Pam-A-Øns‚ hnizmkw. AXm-b-Xv, GsXmcp klm-
_n°pw At±lw F{X henb Bfm-bmepw sX‰p-]-‰mw. sX‰p ]‰m-
hp-∂-bmƒ kXy-Øns‚ am\-Z-fi-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bn-√. AXmWv {]hm-
N-Is\ am{Xta kXy-Øns‚ am\-Z-fi-ambn kzoI-cn-°mhq F∂v
]d-bm≥ Imc-Ww. CsXms° tIhew _me-]m-T-ß-fmWv. ]t£,
Pam-A-Øns\ Bt£-]n-°m-s\m-cp-sº-´-t∏mƒ, alm-]-fin-X-∑m-cm-
b-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ t]mepw CsXms° ad-°p-I-bm-Wv. klm-_n-am-cpsS
CPvam-Cs‚ Imcy-am-sW-¶n¬ AXv {]am-W-am-sW∂ Imcy-Øn¬
B¿°pw FXn-c-`n-{]m-b-an-√.
C\n, klm-_n-am-cpsS hm°pw {]hr-Ønbpw {]am-Wa- mtWm F∂Xp
kw_-‘n®v ]q¿h-Ime ]fin-X-∑m¿ F¥v ]d-™p-sh∂v t\m°p-I.
Camw im^n-Cu(-d) ]d-bp∂p:
(Rm\pw At±-lØ - ns‚ Ime-°m-c\

- m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ sXfn-hns‚ ]n≥_-
e-tØm-Sp-IqSn Rm\-t±-lsØ FXn¿°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. AØ-c-sam-cm-fpsS
hm°p-tI´v F\n-s°-ßs\ lZokv Dt]-£n-°m-\mhpw!) (Camw imØ-
_n-bpsS A¬ap-hm-^-Jm-Øv, hmfyw 2, t]Pv 78)
"klolp apkvenan's‚ hnh-c-W-Øn¬ auem\m i_o¿ AlvaZv
Dkvam-\n(-d) Fgp-Xp∂p:
(Camw im^n-Cu[d - ] Xs‚ ]pXnb A`n-{]m-ba - mbn ]d™p: Ah-cn¬ [k-

lm-_n-am-cn¬] Hcm-sfbpw A\p-Ic - n-°m-hX
- √
- . AXm-bX - v, klm-_n-bpsS
hm°v {]am-Wa - √; Jnbmkv hgn a\-n-em-°m≥ km[y-a√ - mØ Imcy-Øn-
em-bm¬ t]mepw. CtX A`n-{]m-ba - mWv AivA - c - n-Ifpw apA-vXk
- n-en-Ifpw
{]I-Sn-∏n-®n-´p-≈-Xv.) (^-Xvlp¬ ap¬ln-ans‚ apJ-hp-c, t]Pv 47)
104
(Hcp klm-_n-bpsS hm°v as‰mcp klm-_n-s°-Xn-cn-ep≈ sXfn-hm-bn-cn-

°p-I-bn-s√∂ Imcy-Øn¬ (]-fin-X-∑m¿°v) GIm-`n-{]m-b-am-Wp-≈-
Xv. klm-_n-b-√mØ Xm_n-C-s\-t∏m-se-bp-≈-h-cpsS Imcy-Ønepw
AX-ß-s\-Ø-s∂-bm-Wv. Imc-Ww, apPvX-ln-Zns‚ hm°v kzbw Hcp
{]am-W-a-√.)(-Pw-D¬P-hm-an-Av hmfyw 2, t]Pv 396)
Camw im^n-Cu(-d) ]d-™-Xmbn lmInapw ss_l-Jnbpw D≤-
cn-°p∂p:
(Camw im^nCu ]d-bm-dp-≠m-bn-cp∂p: "lZokv klo-lmbn h∂m¬

AXmWv Fs‚ aZvl_ - .v ' Hcp-≤c - W- n-bn¬ C{]-Im-ca- m-Wp-≈Xv: "Fs‚ A`n-
{]mbw lZo-kn\v hncp-≤a- m-bn-°≠ - m¬ \nßƒ lZo-k\ - p-kc - n®v {]h¿Øn-
°p-I, Fs‚ A`n-{]mbw hen-s®-dn-bp-I.' At±lw Hcp \mƒ apkv\n-tbmSv
]d™p: "C_vdm-low, Rm≥ ]d-bp-∂s - X¥pw A\p-Ic - n-°m≥ apXn-cc - p-Xv.
AXp kw_-‘n®v Xm¶ƒ kzbw Nn¥n-°p-I. Imc-Ww, CXv Zo\m-Wv.'
At±lw ]d-bp-am-bn-cp∂p: "A√m-lp-hns‚ dkq-e√ - mØ a‰m-cp-sS-bp- w˛ Ah¿
F{X IqSp-Xep-≠m-hs - ´˛ hm°n-tem, A\p-am-\Ø - ntem, as‰-¥nse-¶n-ep-
tam bmsXmcp hn[ {]am-Wh - p-an-√. k¿hm-fl\m A√m-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs‚
ZqX-s\bpw A\p-kc - n-°pI am{X-amWv kwK-Xa - m-bn-´p-≈X - .v )(lp-÷Ø - p-√m-
105
ln¬ _menK 1/157)

klm-_n-am-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ°p {]am-W-Øns‚ ÿm\w Iev]n-
°p∂ ]fin-X∑ - m-cpsS A`n-{]m-bß
- ƒ D≤-cn-®p-sIm≠v Camw Kmen-(d)
FgpXn:
(Hcp hn`mKw ]d-bp-∂Xv klm-_n-bpsS A`n-{]mbw \ncp-]m-[nIw
{]am-W-am-sW-∂-s{X. as‰mcp hn`m-K-Øns‚ ]£w "Jnbmkp'ambn
hntbm-Pn-°p-t∂-SØmWv AXp {]am-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-sX-∂-Xm-Wv.
{]mam-Wn-IX A_q-_-°-dn-s‚bpw Da-dn-s‚bpw A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ°p
am{X- t a- b p- ≈ q- s h- ∂ mWv as‰mcp hn`mKw A`n- { ]m- b - s ∏- S p- ∂ - X v .
""F\n°p tijw hcp∂ c≠m-fp-Isf ]n¥p-S-cpI'' F∂p≈ {]hm-
N-I-h-N-\-amWv Ah¿°p \nZm-\w. Jpe-^m-D¿dm-in-Zp-I-fpsS A`n-{]m-
b-Øn-\m-Wv-˛-AXpw Ah¿ GIm-`n-{]m-b-°m-cm-hp-tºmƒ˛ {]mam-Wn-
I-X-bp-≈-sX-∂s{X as‰mcp Iq´¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS A`n-{]m-b-
Øn¬ C∏-d-™-sXm∂pw icn-b-√. ]ng-°m\pw ad-°m\pw km[y-X-
bp-≈-hcpw A{]-am-Zn-Xz-an-√m-Ø-h-cp-amb bmsXm-cm-fp-sSbpw bmsXm-
c-`n-{]m-bhpw {]am-W-am-°m≥ sIm≈p-I-bn√ F∂-Xp-Xs∂ Imc-Ww.
sX‰p-]-‰m≥ km[y-X-bp-s≠-∂n-cns° Fßs\ Ah-cpsS hm°v {]am-
W-ambn kzoI-cn°pw? A\n-tj-[y-{]-am-W-an-√m-sX, Ah¿°p A{]-
am-Zn-Xz-ap-s≠∂v Fßs\ hmZn°pw? ]c-kv]c `n∂-Xbv°p km[y-X-
bp≈ Bfp-Iƒ°v Fß-s\-bmWv A{]-am-ZnXzw hn`m-h\ sNøpI?
A{]-am-Zn-Xz-ap≈ c≠p-t]¿ Fß-s\-bmWv `n∂n-°pI? klm-_n-
am¿°p XΩn¬ A`n-{]m-bm-¥-c-ap-≠m-hm-sa∂ Imcy-Øn¬ klm-_n-
am¿Xs∂ GIm-`n-{]m-b-°m-cm-Wv. A_q-_-°tdm Datdm CPvXn-lm-
Zn¬ Xß-fp-ambn hntbm-Pn-®-hsc FXn¿Øn-cp-∂n-√. F∂p am{X-tam,
CPvXn-lmZo {]iv\-ß-fn¬ GsXmcp apPvX-lnZpw kz¥w CPvXn-lm-
106
Z-\p-k-cn®v {]h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂v \n›-bn-°pI IqSn sNbvXp

Ah¿. At∏mƒ A{]-am-Zn-Xz-Øn-\p≈ sXfn-hn-√mbva, ]c-kv]c `n∂-
X-bpsS kw`-hy-X, CPvXn-lm-Zn¬ ]c-kv]cw `n∂n-°m-sa-∂p≈ Ah-
cp-sS-Xs∂ {]Jym-]\w F∂nh aq∂p JfinX sXfn-hp-I-f-s{X.)
(A¬ap-kvX-kv^, hmfyw 1, t]Pv 135)
Camw iu°m\n C¿im-Zp¬ ^plq-en¬ Fgp-Xp∂p:
(CP vXn-lmZo {]iv\-ß-fn¬ klm-_n-bpsS A`n-{]mbw kw_-‘n-
®mWv Cu N¿® F∂ Imcyw ad-°-cp-Xv. A°q-´-Øn¬ s]´-X-√m-
ØXpw klm_n {]hm-N-I-\n¬\n∂v ]Tn-®-Xm-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂-Xn\p
sXfn-hp-≈-Xp-amb kwK-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn-®√ \man-hnsS N¿® sNøp-∂-
Xv. klm-_n-bpsS hm°p {]am-W-a√ F∂-XmWv bmYm¿Yyw. F¥p-
sIm-s≠-∂m¬ A√mlp apl-Ω-Zn(k)s\ am{Xta Cu kap-Zm-b-Øn-
te°v {]hm-N-I-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈q. \ap°v Hcp ZqX\pw Hcp {KŸ-
107
hp-am-Wp-≈-Xv. kaqlw apgp-h≥ Ahs‚ {KŸhpw {]hm-N-Is‚

Ncybpw ]n≥]-‰m≥ Iev]n-°-s∏-´-h-cm-Wv. A°m-cy-Øn¬ klm-_n-
I-sft∂m A√m-Ø-h-sct∂m hnth-N-\-an-√. F√m-h-cpw-Xs∂ ssZhn-
I-im-k-\-Iƒ AwKo-I-cn-°m\pw InXm_pw kp∂Øpw ]n≥]-‰m\pw
Iev ] n- ° - s ∏´hcm- W v . A√m- l p- h ns‚ {KŸhpw Ahs‚ ZqXs‚
Ncybpw Ah c≠n-s‚bpw A\p-_-‘-ß-fp-a-√mØ as‰-s¥-¶nepw
hgn A√m-lp-hns‚ Zo\n¬ {]amWw ÿm]n-X-am-hp-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂-h¿
A√m-lp-hns‚ Zo\n¬ ÿnco-I-c-W-an-√mØ Hc-`n-{]mbw ]d-bp-Ibpw
Ckv e m- a nI hyh- ÿ - b n¬ A√mlp A\p- i m- k n- ® n- ´ n- √ mØ Hcp
\nbaw Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-I-bp-amWv sNøp-∂Xv. CsXmcp h√mØ Imcy-
am-Wv. XnI™ Pev]-\-hp-am-Wv. Imc-Ww, a\p-jy-cn¬s]´ Hcp hy‡n-
sbtbm hy‡n-I-sftbm kw_-‘n®v Abm-fpsS As√-¶n¬ Ah-
cpsS A`n- { ]m- b - ß ƒ apkv e nw- I ƒ \S- ∏ n- e m°m≥ _m[y- X - b p≈
kpÿn-chpw AwKo-Ir-X-hp-amb {]am-W-am-sW-∂p≈ hn[n, A√m-
lp-hns\ A\p-k-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\n-S-bm-°p-Ibpw hym]-I-amb Ipg-∏-
ß-fp-f-hm-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Aß-s\-bp≈ {]am-W-ßsf Ah-ew-_n-
°p-Itbm Ah-b-\p-k-cn®v {]h¿Øn-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂Xv apkven-an-
∂-\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-√. ASn-bm-dp-I-fn-te°v \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-I-fp-ambn A√mlp
Ab® ZqX-∑m¿ am{Xta B ÿm\w A¿ln-°p-∂p-≈q. a‰p-≈h - ¿°v˛ Ah¿
Adn-hnepw Zo\oNn´-bnepw ]Z-hn-bnepw F{X-Xs∂ Db¿∂-hc - mbn-cp-∂mepw
icn-˛-A-Xn-\¿l-X-bn-√. {]hm-N-I-\p-am-bp≈ kl-h¿Øn-Xz-sa-∂Xv al-
Ømb Hcp ÿm\w Xs∂-bm-W.v AXn¬ kwi-ba- n-√. AXp ]t£, t{ijvT-
X, ÿm\-Øns‚ Db¿®, Ah-ÿ-bpsS hen∏w XpS-ßn-bp≈hbn-em-
sW∂p am{Xw. AXv Xo¿®-bmbpw AwKo-Ic - n-t°-≠Xv Xs∂-bm-W.v A°m-
c-WØ - m-emWv a‰p-≈h - ¿ ]¿hX Xpeyw Zm\w sNbvXmepw AXv klm-_n-
am-cpsS "ap±n'\p ka-am-hm-ØX - v. F∂m¬ CXpw Ah-cn¬ GsXm-cm-sfbpw
{]hm-NI - s‚ ÿm\-Ø˛v At±-lØ - ns‚ hm°v {]am-Wa- m-bn-Øo-cp-I, At±-
lsØ ]n≥]-‰m≥ P\-ßƒ _m[y-ÿc - m-hpI F∂o Imcy-ßf - n¬ ˛I-b-
‰n-bn-cp-Øp-∂Xpw XΩn¬ H´pw s]mcp-Øs - ∏-Sp-Ib- n-√. AXv A√mlp A\p-
h-Zn-®n-ń-√mØ Imcy-am-Wv. {]hm-NI - \
- n¬\n∂v AXp kw_-‘n®v Hc-£-
cw-t]mepw D≤-cn-®p-h∂ - n-´p-an-√. klm-_n-bpsS hm°v {]am-Wa - m-sW-∂X - n-
\p≈ sXfn-hmbn Nne¿ FSp-Øp-≤-cn-°p-∂Xpw \_n(-k) ]d-™-Xmbn
\nth-Z\w sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-amb Hcp lZo-kp≠v: ""Fs‚ klm-_n-am¿
\£{X kam-\c - mWv. Ah-cn¬ Bsc ]n¥p-S¿∂mepw \nßƒ k∑m¿Kw
{]m]n-°pw'' F∂t{X AXv. CXv Xosc ÿnco-Ic - n-°s
- ∏-ń-ń-√. Cu lZokv
kw_-‘n®v {]Kev` ]fin-X-∑m¿°p≈ hna¿i\w {]kn-≤-am-Wv. B
\ne°v eLp-hmb i¿Cu hn[n-If - n¬ t]mepw AXp-t]m-ep≈ lZo-kp-I-
f-\p-kc - n®v {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv km[p-hm-In-√. F∂n-cns° CØcw kp{]-[m-
\hpw Kpcp-Xc - h
- p-amb {]iv\Ø - n¬ AsX-ßs\ AwKo-Ic - n-°s - ∏-Sm-\m-Wv.
C\n h√ am¿tK-Wbpw AXp ÿnc-s∏´p F∂p h∂m¬ Xs∂, InXm-
108
_n¬\n∂pw kp∂-Øn¬\n∂pw ÿnc-s∏´ ]cn-ip≤ ico-A-Øn-\-

\p-kr-X-am-bn-´p≈ Ah-cpsS h¿[-am\amb {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpw, Ah
]n¥p-S-cp-∂-Xn¬ Ah¿°p≈ Xm¬]-cyhpw B am¿K-Øn-eqsSbp≈
Ah-cpsS k©m-chpw, ]cn-ip≤ ico-A-Ø-\p-k-cn®p {]h¿Øn-°p-
∂-Xnepw AXns\ ]n¥p-S-cp-∂-Xnepw a‰p-≈-h¿ Ahsc A\p-I-cn-
°p-∂Xv kºq¿W-k-∑m¿K-Z¿i-\-am-sW∂p Xm¬]-cy-s∏-Sp∂p Ft∂
AXn- \ ¿Y- a p- ≈ q. AXm- b Xv ; F¥n\v Cßs\ ]d- ™ p, F¥n\v
Cßs\ sNbv X p F∂p tNmZn- ® m¬ InXm- _ n¬\n∂pw kp∂-
Xn¬\n∂pw sXfn-hp-≤-cn-°mt\m AXp hni-Zo-I-cn-°mt\m Ah¿°p
{]bm-k-s∏-tS-≠n-h-cn-I-bn-√. "F\n°p tijw hcp∂ c≠p-t]-sc-˛-
A- _ q- _ - ° - d n- s \bpw Da- d n- s \bpw Xs∂˛ ]n¥p- S ¿∂p- s Im- ≈ pI'
F∂pw, "Fs‚bpw, k®-cn-Xcpw k∑m¿Kn-I-fp-amb Jpe-^m-C-s‚bpw
kp∂Øv apdp-sI-∏n-Sn-°pI' F∂p-ap≈ ÿncs∏´ {]hm-NI hmIy-
ßfpw C{]-Imcw thWw hymJym-\n-°m≥. CXp {Kln®v CXn¬
Xm¬]-cy-sa-Sp-°p-I. A√mlp \nßƒt°m Cu kap-Zm-b-Ønse
a‰m¿s°-¶n-eptam apl-Ω-Zn(k)s\b√msX ZqX-\mbn \n›-bn®p X∂n-
ń-√. a‰m-sc-sb-¶nepw ]n¥p-S-cm≥ \nß-tfmSv imkn-®n-´p-an-√. Ahn-
SsØ \m°n-eq-sS-b-√m-sX, Ahn-SsØ kap-Zm-b-Øn¬s]´ Bcp-sS-
sb-¶nepw \m°n-eqsS Hc-£-c-sa-¶nepw Ah≥ \nßƒ°p \nb-a-am-
°n-Ø-∂n-´p-an-√. as‰m-cm-fpsS hm°pw-˛-A-bmƒ Bcp-am-h-s´-˛-A-h≥
\nßƒ°p {]am-W-ambn \n¿W-bn-®p-X-∂n-´p-an√.''(C¿im-Zp¬ ^plq¬
t]Pv 243-˛244)
Camw AlvaZ- p_v\p lw_¬ ]d™p:
(A√m-lp-hn-s‚bpw Ahs‚ ZqX-s‚bpw H∏w kwkm-cn-°m≥ a‰m¿°pw

A[n-Im-c-an-√.) (l-p÷-Xp-√m-ln¬ _men-K hmfyw 1, t]Pv 157)
Camw amenIv (d) ]d™p:
(G-sXm-cm-fpsS hm°nepw sIm≈m-hp-∂Xpw Xt≈-≠X - p-ap-≠mhpw; A√m-

lp-hns‚ ZqX-t‚-sXm-gn-sI.) (lp÷-Xp-√m-ln¬ _men-K hmfyw 1, t]Pv
157)
]ucm-WnI ]fin-X∑ - m-cpsS Cu kphy-‡a- mb A[ym-]\ - ß
- s - fm∂pw
{i≤n-°m-sX-bmWv \ΩpsS ]fin-X-in-tcm-a-Wn-Iƒ, kXy-Øns‚ am\-Z-
fi-ambn \_n(-k) am{X-ta-bp≈q F∂v ]d-™X - n\v auem\m auZq-Znsb
]ng-®-h\pw ]ng-∏n-°p-∂-h-\p-ambn hn[n-sb-gp-Xm≥ ]mSp-s]-Sp-∂-Xv.
C\n klm-_Ø - ns‚ A`n-{]m-bß - ƒ ]eXpw klm-_n-am-c√ - m-Øh- ¿
hna¿in-®-Xn\v Nne DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ ImWpI:
109
sh≈n-bmgvN s]cp-∂m-fm-bm¬ PpapA \n¿_-‘-an-s√-∂mWv

sskZp-_v\p¬ A¿Jw, A_vZp-√m-ln_v\p kpss_¿, A_vZp-√m-
ln_v\p A∫mkv F∂n-h-cpsS A`n-{]mbw. {]K-¤-cmb Cu klm-
_n-h-cy-∑m-cpsS A`n-{]m-bsØ tNmZyw sNbvXp-sIm≠v Camw im^n-
Cu(-d) ]d-bp∂p:
( X° Imc-Wa - n-s√-¶n¬ ]´-Wh- m-kn-If

- n¬ B¿°pw Xs∂ PpapA Dt]-
£n-°m-hX - √; s]cp-∂mƒ Zn\-Øn-em-bm-¬ t]mepw.) (_-Zvep¬ aPvlq-Zv
hmfyw 2, t]Pv 172)
klm-_n-am¿ kXy-Øns‚ am\-Z-fi-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬, Ah-cpsS
A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ tNmZyw sNømsX kzoI-cn-°¬ \n¿_-‘-am-bn-cp-∂p-
sh-¶n¬ Camw im^n-Cu(-d) Cu {][m\ klm-_n-am-cp-tS-Xn¬\n∂v
`n∂-amb A`n-{]mbw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√-t√m.
kmenw Xm_n-C-bm-Wv, ]nXmhv A_vZp-√bpw ]nXm-a-l≥ Dadpw
klm-_n-am-cpw. Da¿ Jeo^ IqSn-bm-Wv. l÷v thf-bn¬ kpK-‘-
ap-]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ ]mSn-s√-∂mWv Ccph-cpsSbpw A`n-{]mbw. F∂m¬,
"Clvdm-an\p apºpw _en-Zn-hkw Xzhm-^n\p apºpw \_n(-k)°p
Rm≥ IkvXqcn tN¿Ø kpK‘w ]qin-s°m-Sp-Øn-cp∂p'sh∂v BC-
i(-d) {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≠v. AXp tI´Xp apX¬ kmenw ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw
]nXm-a-l-s‚bpw A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ°p hncp-≤-am-bmWv {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-
∂-Xv. {]hm-N-Is‚ kp∂-ØmWv ]n≥]-‰m≥ IqSp-X¬ A¿l-am-bn-´p-
≈-sX∂v At±lw {]kvXm-hn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
DZm-lc - W
- ß - ƒ C\nbpw [mcmfw D≤-cn-°m-\p-≠.v ssZ¿Ly-`bw AXn-
\-\p-hZ- n-°p-∂n-√.
""apl-Ω-Zp¿d-kq-ep√m'' F∂-Xn\v Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bpsS `c-W-
L-S\ - b- n¬ \evInb hnh-cW - Ø
- n¬ apl-ΩZv \_n(-k) am{X-amWv kXy-
Øns‚ am\-Zfi - s
- a∂v ]d-™Xv Jp¿-B\ - nepw kp∂-Ønepw kwi-bt- e-
i-an-√msX ]d™ Imcy-am-sW∂v hy‡-am-bn-°g- n-™X - m-Wv. ]q¿h-kq-cn-
I-sf-√m-hcpw Xs∂ AtX‰p ]d-™n-´p-ap-≠v. imlvhe - n-øp-√m-ln-±l
- veh
- n(-
d) Fgp-Xp∂p:
110
(Hcmfpw a-s‰m-cm-fp-sSbpw a - p-gp-h≥ hm°p-Iƒ A - b - mƒ ka-Im-en-It\m ap≥-

Km-antbm Bcp-Xs - ∂-bm-bn-cp-∂mepw sXfn-hn-√msX AwKo-Ic - n-®p-Iq-sS∂pw
BbXv XS-tb-≠X - m-sW-∂p-ap≈ Imcy-Øn¬ klm-_n-Iƒ, Xm_nC-Iƒ, Xm_n-
C-Øm-_n-DI - ƒ F∂n-hs- c-√m-hcpw GIm-`n-{]m-b° - m-cm-W.v AXn-\m¬ A_q-l-
\o-^b - p-sStbm amen-°n-s‚tbm im^n-Cu-bp-sStbm AlvaZ- n-s‚tbm (d) hm°p-
Iƒ apgp-h\ - mbpw AwKo-Ic - n-°p-∂hcpw Xm≥ ]n≥]-‰p∂ B-fpsS hm-°p-
Iƒ Dt]-£n®v as‰m-cm-fp-tSXv kzoI-cn-°m≥ Iq´m-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂hcpw Jp¿-
B-\nepw {]hm-NI - N- c
- y-bnepw h∂ Imcy-ßƒ GsX-¶n-ep-samcp a\p-jys‚
hm°mbn am‰msX B{i-bn-°m≥ Xøm-dm-hm-Xn-cn-°p-∂hcpw a\-n-
em-t°-≠Xp≠v, kapZmb-Øns‚ apgph≥ GI-I-WvT-amb A`n-{]m-
b-sØ-bmWv Ah¿ [n°-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kwi-b-an-√m-Ø-hn[w Xn´-amb
Imcy-am-W-Xv. kvXpXy¿l-amb aq∂p \q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬\n∂v H‰ a\p-
jy-s\bpw X\n°p amXr-I-bmbn In´p-I-bn-s√∂pw kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-
fp-tS-X-√mØ ]mX-bmWv Xm≥ ]n≥]-‰p-∂-sX∂pw AØ-c-°m¿ a\-
n-em-°-Ww. Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬\n∂v \mw A√m-lp-hn¬ icWw tXSp-
∂p.) (lp-÷-Øp-√m-ln¬ _men-K 1/154)
Npcp-°Ø - n¬, klm-_n-If - n¬ Bsc-¶n-eptam apPvXl - n-Zp-Itfm kXy-
Øns‚ am\-Z-fi-am-sW∂v apkvenw kaq-l-Ønse \mfn-Xp-h-sc-bp≈
{]mam-Wn-I\ - mb Hscm‰ ]fin-X\pw ]d-™n-ń-√. Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬
Pam-A-Øns‚ XZzn-j-b-I-am-bp≈ BZ¿iw D≤-cn-°pI am{Xta Pam-
AsØ Ckveman sNbvXn-´p-≈q.
AXns‚ Xs∂ XpS¿®-bmWv klm-_n-amsc auZqZn XcwXmgvØp-
∂p-sh∂ Btcm-]W - w. klm-_Ø - n-t\mSv apkvenw km[m-cW - ° - m¿°p≈
kvt\lm-Zc - ß - ƒ NqjWw sNøp-Ibpw XZzmcm auZq-Zn-sbbpw Pam-AsØ
Ckvem-an-sbbpw Ckvemw hncp-≤cpw hgn-]n-g® - h- c
- p-ambn Nn{Xo-Ic - n-°p-I-
bp-amWv e£yw.
BcmWv klm-_Øv?
auZqZn klm-_Ø
- ns\ Xcw XmgvØntbm F∂p t\m°p-∂X - n-\p-apºv
\mw Bsc-bmWv klm-_n-sb∂v ]d-bp-∂s
- X∂pw klm-_n-bpsS bYm¿Y
111
ÿm\-sas¥∂pw Bcm-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂p auZq-Znbpw a‰p

]fin- X - ∑ mcpw ]d™Xp XΩn¬ s]mcp- Ø - t °- S pt≠m F∂pw
AXn¬ klm-_n-Isf Xcw-Xm-gvØ-ept≠m F∂pw ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.
Camw \hhn i¿lp apkven-an-s‚ apJ-hp-c-bn¬ Fgp-Xp∂p:
(\nan-j-t\-c-sa-¶nepw A√m-lp-hns‚ ZqXs\ I≠ GsXmcp apkvenapw

klm-_n-bm-Wv.)
Camw kp_pIn Fgp-Xp∂p:
(hnizm-kn-bm-bn-cnt° apl-ΩZp \_n(-k)-bp-ambn HØp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\mWv

klm-_n. Abmƒ \nth-Z\w sNbvXn-s√-¶nepw kl-hmkw Zo¿L-\mƒ
\o≠p-\n-∂n-s√-¶nepw icn.)
lm^nfp_v\p lP¿ FgpXn:
(AXp kw_-‘n®p Rm≥ a\-n-em-°n-bX - n¬ sh®v IqSp-X¬ icn-bm-bn-

´p-≈X
- ,v hnizm-kn-bmbn \_n(-k)sb ImWp-Ibpw apkven-ambn acn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvX-bm-fmWv klm_n F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv.)
Hcmƒ klm-_n-bm-h-W-sa-¶n¬ \_n(-k)bpam-bp≈ IqSn-°mgvN
\o≠p-\n¬°-W-sa∂pw {]hm-N-I-\n¬\n∂v lZokv \nth-Z\w sNø-
W-sa-∂p-sams° D]m-[n-sh-®-hcpw ]finX temIØv Ipd-h-√. Camw
\hhn Fgp-Xp∂p:
(\_n(-k)-bp-am-bp≈ kl-hmkw \o≠p-\n-∂b - mƒ°mWv klm_n F∂p

]d-bp-Is
- b-∂mWv ^nJvln-s‚bpw \nZm-\i - m-k{v X-Øn-s‚bpw ]fin-X∑
- m-
cn¬ an°-hcpw A`n-{]m-bs - ∏-ń-´p-≈X
- v.)
Cu A`n-{]mbw ]t£, s]mXp-hn¬ AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-ń-ń-√.
apI-fn¬ ]d™ \n¿h-N-\-a-\p-k-cn®v ]e-t∏m-gmbn \_n(-k)sb
t\cn¬ ImWm≥ `mKyw e`n® e£-Øn¬ ]cw Bfp-Iƒ klm-_n-am-cm-
bp-≠v. Pohn-XØ - n¬ Hcp XhW {]hm-NI - s\ I≠-Xn¬]ns∂ Ah-cn¬
Hcmƒt]mepw bmsXmcp sX‰pw sNbvXn-ń-s√∂v ]d-™m¬ Ah¿ ae-
°p-I-sf-t∏mse aA-vkq-ap-I-fm-sW∂v ]d-tb-≠n-h-cpw. AXp hkvXp-X-
Iƒ°p hncp-≤a- s - {X. Ckvem-anI Ncn-{X-Øns‚ _me-]m-Ta- d- n-bp∂ Hcmfpw
AXw-Ko-Ic - n-°p-Ib - n-√.
112
klm-_n-am¿ Xo¿®-bmbpw `mKy-hm-∑m-cm-Wv. \_n(-k)sb t\cn¬

ImWm\pw Ahn-S-tØm-sSm-∂n®v kl-h-kn-°m\pw Xncp-ap-J-Øp-\n∂v
t\cn´p Xs∂ Zo≥ ]Tn-°m\pw `mKyw e`n-®-h¿. AXns‚ A¿Yw Ah¿
aA-kv q-ap-If- mWv F∂-√, am\p-jnI Zu¿_-ey-ßƒ Nne-t∏m-sg-¶nepw Ah-
scbpw _m[n-°m-Xn-cp-∂n-ń-√. henb ]m]-ßƒ hsc Ah-cn¬ Nne-cn¬\n-
s∂-¶nepw kw`-hn-®n-´p-≠.v Ckvem-anI hn⁄m-\o-bß - fpw Ncn-{X-hp-sams°
ssIImcyw sNøp-∂h - ¿°v h√-t∏mgpw AXpw kqNn-∏n-t°≠n hs∂-∂n-
cn-°pw.
klm-_n-h-cy-∑m¿ Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw \ncq-]-W-hn-t[-b-cm-bn-°qSm
F∂-Xn\v \ΩpsS hna¿i-I\v sXfn-hp-≠v. H∂nXm; A¬ Ckm-_-bn¬
]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p-t]mepw:
""dkq¬(-k)-bpsS klm-_n-If - n¬ Hcmsf Ipd-hm-°p∂ Hcp a\p-jys\
\o I≠m¬ At±lw Ip^v¿ ]qgvØn-h® "knµoJm'sW∂v \o Adn-bp-
I. ImcWw, dkqepw Jp¿-B\pw Ahn-S∂v sIm≠p-h∂ - X - p-sa√mw kXy-am-
Wv. Ah \ap-s°-Øn-®p-X∂ - Xv _lp-am-\s - ∏´ klm-_n-If - m-sW∂v hcp-
tºmƒ \ΩpsS km£n-Isf A]-cm[w ]d™v InØm-_n-s\bpw kp∂-
Øn-s\bpw \njvê - a- m-°m-\mWv Ah≥ {ian-°p-∂X - .v Ah¿ A]-cm-[Ø - n-
t∂-‰hpw A¿lcpw knµo-Jp-If - p-am-Wv (A¬ Ckm-_, 1: 11). D - ≤- rX {]kvXm-
h-\-I-fn¬\n∂v klm-_-Øns\ Bt£-]n-°p-∂-h¿ ]ng-®p-t]m-sb∂p
]d™p Ip‰m-tcm-]Ww \S-Øp∂ auZq-Zn-bp-sSbpw A\p-bm-bn-If - p-sSbpw
\ne-]mSv hmb-\-°m¿ a\-n-em-°n-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p.''(P-am-
AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\hpw, t]Pv 62)
Xms\-¥mWv ]d-bp-∂s - X-∂p-t]mepw \n›-ba- n-√mØ Ah-ÿb - n-emWv
\ΩpsS hna¿i-I≥ Ah-km\w FØn-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂X - v. auZqZn klm-_n-
amsc Bt£-]n-°p-∂p-s≠∂pw A°m-cWw sIm≠p-Xs∂ At±lw ]ng-
®p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw ÿm]n-°m-\mWv teJ-\m-cw-`Ø - n¬ At±lw
an\-s°-Sp-∂X - v. Ah-km\w FØn-s∏-Sp-∂t- Xm, klm-_Ø - ns\ Bt£-
]n-°p-∂-h¿ ]ng-®p-t]m-sb∂v ]d™p Ip‰m-tcm-]Ww \S-Øp∂ auZq-Zn-
bp-sSbpw A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sSbpw \ne-]mSv hmb-\-°m¿ a\-n-em-°n-bn-cn-
°p-sa∂ hnizm-kØ - n-epw.
\mw hnj-b-Øn-te°p Xs∂ Xncn-bp-I. Ipd-hm-°pI F∂Xpw \ncq-
]Ww \S-ØpI F∂Xpw hna¿i-Is‚ ZrjvSn-bn¬ H∂p Xs∂-bm-W.v AXn-
\m¬ Ckm-_b - n¬ ]d™ Ipd-hm-°epw auZqZn \S-Ønb \ncq-]W - hpw
c≠pw c≠m-sW∂v At±-l-Øn\v a\-n-em-bn-ń-√. AXmWv ""klm-_-
Øns\ kw_-‘n-®p-t]mepw Hcp apkven-an\v C{]-Imcw Fgp-Xm≥ ss[cy-
s∏-Sptam?'' F∂v At±lw tNmZn-°m≥ Imc-Ww.
hna¿i-I≥ XpS¿s∂gp-Xp∂p:
""apl-±n-ko-ßs - f-°p-dn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿iw \mw I≠p-Ig- n-™p-ht- √m. klm-
_n-Is - f-°p-dn-®t- ±lw ]d-bp-∂Xp ImWpI: an° ka-bß - f - nepw klm-_m-
Indmw t]mepw a\p-jy-Zu¿_-ey-Øn\v ASn-a-s∏-Sp-∂p. A¤pX hm¿Ø
113
CXmWv: an° ka-b-ß-fnepw Hcmƒ as‰m-cm-fpsS ta¬ Ip‰m-tcm-]Ww

\S-Øn-b-Xmbn ImWmw (X-^vlo-amØv 1/294) F∂p XpS-ßnb hcn-
I-fn¬ At±lw sNbvX {]kvXm-h\ Ah-km\w hsc Ipdn-®p-sIm≠v
am\y-hm-b-\-°m-cpsS hne-tb-dnb _p≤nsb aeo-a-k-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Rm≥
Dt±-in-°p-∂n-√.''(P-am-AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\-hpw
t]Pv 60)
F∂m¬ X^vlo-am-Ønse ta¬hm-Iy-Øns‚ icn-cq]w Cß-s\-bmWv:
""AXn¬ IqSp-X¬ AZv`p-XI - c- a- m-bn-´p-≈Xv CXmWv: an°-t∏mgpw klm-
_n-If - n¬t]mepw am\p-jnI Zu¿_-ey-ßf - psS B[n-]X - y-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
Hcmƒ A]-cs\ Bt£-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p.''(X-^vlo-amØv 1/358
1979 P\p-hc - n-bnse ]Xn∏v)
CXn¬ hna¿i-I≥ ImWp∂ A]-cm[w klm-_n-I-fn¬ am\p-jnI
Zu¿_-ey-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v ]d-™-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬, klm-_n-Iƒ
k¿h-hn[ am\p-jnI Zu¿_-ey-ßf - n¬\n∂pw ap‡-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v sXfn-
bn-t°≠ _m[yX hna¿i-I∂ - p-≠.v AX-t±lw sNbvXp-I≠ - n-√. klm-_n-
am¿ aA-vkq-ap-If - s
- √∂ Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬ Pam-AØ - ns‚ hnizmkw
F¥n-te-°mWv hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂-sX∂v hni-Z-am-°n-bn-´p-an-√. hna¿i-I\v
]nSn-°mØ c≠m-asØ Imcyw klm-_n-am¿ ]c-kv]cw Bt£-]n-®n-cp-
∂p-sh∂v ]d-™-Xm-Wv. AXpw auZqZn D≤-cn® DZm-l-c-W-ß-fn¬ H∂p-
t]mepw ]I¿Øm≥ At±lw ss[cy-s∏-ń-ń-√. "am\y-hm-b\ - °
- m-cpsS hne-
tb-dnb _p≤nsb aeo-ak - s - ∏-Sp-Øm≥ Dt±-in-°m-Xn-cp-∂sX'¥psIm-s≠∂v,
At±lw D≤-cn-°m-Xn-cp∂ `mK-ßƒ GXm-sW∂v ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ a\-n-
em-Ipw. Ah D≤-cn-®m¬ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ aeo-a-k-am-hp-I, hmb-\-°m-
cpsS _p≤n-b-√; hmb-\-°m-cpsS a\-n-ep≈ At±-l-Øns‚ {]Xn-
—m-b-bm-Wv. B `mKw IqSn ChnsS ]I¿Øs´:
""hnXv¿ \n¿_-‘-am-sW∂v A_q-lp-dbvd a\-n-em-°p-∂n-s√∂p
]d-™p-tI´ C_v\p Da¿ ]d™p: "A_q-lp-dbvd AkXyw ]d-bp-
I-bm-Wv.' Hcn-°¬ A\-kv, A_q-k-Cu-Zn¬ JpZvcn F∂n-h-sc-∏‰n
BCi ]d™p: "dkq-ens‚ lZo-kp-I-sf-∏‰n Ah¿s°-¥-dn-bmw,
Ah¿ A∂v Ipń-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.'
"him-ln-Zn≥ ha-ivlqZv' F∂ Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-Øns‚ hnh-£-sb-
¥m-sW∂v Btcm tNmZn-®t- ∏mƒ lk-\p_v\p Aen AXv hnh-cn-®p-sIm-
Sp-Øp. At∏mƒ C_v\p Dadpw C_v\p kpss_dpw C∂ coXn-bn-em-Wt√m
]d-bp-∂s - X-∂mbn tNmZy-I¿Øm-hv. At∏mƒ At±lw ]d™p: "Ah-cn-
cp-hcpw AkXyw ]d-bp-Ib - m-W.v ' Aen(-d) Hcn-°¬ apKo-dØ - p_v\p ipAv_
(-d)sb Ak-Xy-hm-s\∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Hcp {]iv\w kw_-
‘n-®p≈ hnh-cW at[y Hcn-°¬ D_m-ZØ - p_v\p kman-Xv(d - ), A≥km¿
hwi-P\pw _Zv¿ tbm≤m-hp-amb akvD - u-Zp_v\p Hukns\ Ak-Xy-hm-s\∂v
Bt£-]n-°p-Ib - p-≠m-bn.''(X-^l v o-am-Øv 1/358)
Cu DZm-lc - W- ß - f
- {- Xbpw Ak-Xy-am-sWt∂m, lZokv \nZm-\i - m-k{v X
114
(C¬ap¬ lZo-kv)-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ Aß-s\-sbm∂pw ]d-™n-ń-s√t∂m

ÿm]n-°m≥ B¿°pw km[y-a-√. F¶nepw AXn-s\mcp {iaw \S-Øn-
s°m-s≠-¶n-ep-amWv auZq-Znsb hna¿in-°m≥ Cd-ßn-Øn-cn-®n-cp-∂s - X-¶n¬
AXv a\-n-em-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ B `mKw Xo¿Øpw AhK-Wn-°p-
I-bmWv \ΩpsS hna¿i-I≥ sNbvX-Xv. F∂n´v auZqZn klm-_n-amsc
CSn®p XmgvØp-∂p-sh∂v Bt£-]n-°p-Ibpw!
auZqZn F¥n-\n-sXms° ]d-bp-∂p-sh∂ Imcyw ChnsS Hcn-°¬IqSn
DW¿Øs´: lZokv kw_-‘n® c≠p kao-]-\-ap-≠v. H∂v, lZo-kns‚
]q¿W \ncm-Ic - W- w. c≠v lZo-sk∂ t]cn¬ ]d-bs - ∏-Sp∂ F¥pw IÆ-
S-®w-Ko-Ic - n-°p-I. CXp-c≠pw sX‰m-W.v c≠n\pw at[y-bp≈ aq∂m-as - Xmcp
am¿K-ap-≠v. lZo-kp-I-sf-°p-dn®v ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I. Jp¿-B-\p-ambn CW-
ßp-∂h AwKo-I-cn-°p-I. A√m-Øh X≈p-I. CXmWv ]q¿h-kq-cnIƒ
kzoI-cn® \ne-]mSv. Hcmƒ°pw Hcm-sf-°p-dn®pw hniz-kvXs - \t∂m As√-
t∂m D≈ A¥na Xocp-am\w Akm-[y-am-Wv. Hmtcm Bfpw Xm\-dn™
Imcyw, AXpw GsX-¶nepw Nne hnj-bß - f - n¬, am{Xw ]d-bp-∂p. AXns‚
DZm-lc - W- ß - f - mWv apl-±n-kp-Iƒ ]c-k] v c
- hpw klm-_n-am¿ At\ym-\yhpw
\S-Øn-bn-´p≈ Bt£-]ß - ƒ. C{Xbpw Imcy-ßƒ hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v auZqZn
XpS¿s∂-gp-Xp∂p:
""CØcw DZm-lc - W
- ß
- ƒ hnh-cn-°pI hgn Akvam-D¿cn-Pm-ens\ kw_-
‘n® apgp-h≥ hnh-chpw A_-≤a - m-sW∂v ]d-bp-Ib - √ \ΩpsS Dt±-iyw.
adn-®v, \ΩpsS Dt±iyw CXp hy‡-am-°pI am{X-amWv; \nth-Z-I-∑msc
Bt£-]n-°p-Itbm \oXo-Ic - n-°p-Itbm sNbvXhcpw Ah-km\ hni-Ie - -
\-Øn¬ a\p-jy¿ Xs∂-bm-Wv. am\p-jnI Zu¿_-ey-ßƒ Ah-tcm-
sSm∏w Hń-∏n-Sn®p \nev]p-≠v. Ah¿ hniz-kvX-sc∂v {]Jym-]n-®-h¿
bYm¿Y-Ønepw apgp-h≥ dnt∏m¿´p-I-fnepw hniz-kvX-cm-h-W-sa-t∂m,
Ah¿ Ahn-iz-kvX-sc∂v {]Jym-]n-®-h¿ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Xs∂ Ahn-
iz-kvX-cm-h-W-sat∂m Ah-cpsS apgp-h≥ dnt∏m¿´p-Ifpw Akzo-Im-
cy-ß-fm-h-W-sat∂m \n¿_-‘-an-√...''(X-^vlo-amØv 1/359)
C{Xbpw hnh-cn-®-Xn¬\n∂v auZqZn ]d-™-sX-¥m-sW∂pw hna¿i-
I≥ sNbvXs - X-¥m-sW∂pw GsXmcp \njv]£ hmb-\° - m-c∂pw Is≠-
Øm≥ {]bm-ka - p-≠m-hp-Ib - n-√.
klm-_n-am-sc-∏‰n ]cm-a¿in-°p-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Ccp-
h-ihpw A\m-hc - Ww sNtø-≠n-hc - pw. \∑-bpsS hiw Dƒs°m-≈p-Ibpw
Xn∑-bpsS hiw h¿Pn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-Is - b∂ km-[\-]m-Ta - mhpw AXn¬
\n∂v \ap°p t\-Sm-\p-≠m-hp-I. amC-kn-s‚bpw KmanZo s]Æn-s‚bpw IY
DZm-lc - W- w. Ccp-hcpw tZtl-—b - °
v S- n-s∏´v Ahn-lnX _‘-Øn-te¿s∏-´p.
Ahsc h[-in-£bv°p hn[n-°m≥ hsc AXp Imc-Wa- m-bn. AsXmcp \yq\-
X-bm-W.v c≠p-t]cpw klm-_n-am-cm-bn-cp-∂p. F∂n´pw Ah¿°p sX‰p-]‰- n.
klm-_n-am-¿ ]m]-ap-‡c - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Cßs\ kw`-hn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-
√. Cu kw`hw lZokv {KŸ-ß-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-´p-In-S-°p-∂Xv Ah hmbn-
115
°p∂ GsXm-cmƒ°pw ImWmw. CXn¬\n∂v kaq-l-Øn\v ]eXpw

]Tn-°m-\p-≠v. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ klm-_-Øns\ Bt£-]n-°-em-
hp-sa∂v ]d™v apl-±n-kp-Iƒ AXp-≤-cn-°m-Xn-cp-∂n-√.
BC-i(-d)-sb-°p-dn®p ]d-™p-]-c-Ønb A]-hmZ IYbpw Aß-s\-
X-s∂. ap\m-^n-Jp-If - m-bn-cp∂p AXns‚ kq{X-[m-cI - ¿. Nne {][m\ klm-
_n-am¿ Fß-s\tbm AXn¬ `mK-`m-°p-I-fm-bn. AXns‚ t]cn¬ Ah¿
in£n-°s - ∏-SpI t]mep-ap-≠m-bn.
Pa¬, kn^vô≥ F∂o bp≤-ßƒ klm-_n-am¿ ]c-kv]cw \S-Øn-
b-Xm-Wv. hnc-en-se-Æm-hp-∂-h¿ am{X-amWv AXn¬\n-s∂√mw amdn-\n-∂-
Xv. apkvenw-Iƒ ]c-k] v cw bp≤w sNøp-∂X - m-Is´ alm-]m-]a - m-Wp-Xm\pw.
{]hm-NI hntbm-Ks - Ø-Øp-S¿∂v aX-]c - n-Xym-Kn-If
- mb(cn-±Ø - v)hcn-ep-
ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p klm-_n-am-cn¬ Nne¿. Ah¿ Ckvem-an-te-°p-Xs∂ Xncn-
®p-h-∂p-sh-∂Xp as‰mcp Imcyw.
Cßs\ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ImeØpw tij-hp-ap-≠mb ]e kw`-hß - f- n-
epw ]e klm-_n-am-cn¬\n∂pw Nne sX‰p-Ifpw A]m-IX - I
- fpw kw`-hn-®n-
´p-≠.v \ntj-[n-°mt\m \oXo-Ic - n-°mt\m ]‰mØ hkvXp-XI - f
- m-Wn-sX-√mw.
F∂m¬ \ap°v Jp¿-B\pw kp∂Øpw e`n-®Xv klm-_n-am¿ hgn-bm-
bn-´m-Wt- √m. Ah¿ kXy-k‘ - c- s- √∂v h∂m¬ Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-Ød- X - s∂
XI-cp-I-bm-hnt√ êw F∂ tNmZyw Xo¿®-bmbpw \ymb-bp-‡-am-Wv.
ChnsS a\-n-em-°n-bn-cn-t°≠ Imcyw CXmWv: klm-_n-Iƒ \ncq-]W - m-
Xo-Xc - √
- , aA-k v q-ap-If- √ Fs∂ms°∏d-™m¬ AXn-\¿Yw klm-_n-Iƒ
hniz-kX v c- s- √t∂m ]m]n-If - m-sWt∂m H∂p-a√ - . Cu temIØv F°m-eØpw
D≠m-bn-´p-≈-Xn¬sh®v G‰hpw D¬Ir-jvS-amb P\-hn-`m-K-am-bn-cp∂p
klm-_Øv F∂-Xn¬ bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-√. Ah¿ kXy-k-
‘cpw k®-cn-Xcpw ]pWym-flm-°-fp-am-bn-cp-∂p. F-∂m¬ Ahcpw a\p-
jy-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw am\p-jn-I-amb Xm¬]-cy-ßfpw hnIm-c-ßfpw
Zu¿_-ey-ßfpw Ah-cn-ep-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw am{Xta klm-_n-
Iƒ \ncq-]-Wm-Xo-X-c√ F∂p ]d-™-Xn-\¿Y-ap-≈q. H‰-s°m-‰°v
FSpØp ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Ah-cn¬ Nne-cn-se-¶nepw H∂-s√-¶n¬ as‰m-
∂mbn t]mcm-bva-Iƒ ImWmw. CsXm∂pw ]t£, k÷-\-ß-fp-sSbpw
kXy-k-‘-∑m-cp-sSbpw ]pWym-flm-°-fp-sSbpw AXn-hn-injvS kaqlw
F∂ Ah-cpsS ]Z-hnsb l\n-°p-∂n-√. Imc-Ww, Hcp kaq-lsØ
Af-t°-≠Xv AXnse H‰-s∏´ A]-hm-Z-ßsf apºn¬ sh®-√t√m.
InXm_pw kp∂Øpw kq£n-®Xpw \ap°v ssIam-dn-bXpw klm-
_n-k-aq-l-Ønse A]-hm-Z-ßtfm H‰-s∏´ hy‡n-Itfm A√. hnin-
jvS-cmb klm-_n-I-fpsS kaqlw H∂-S-¶-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ H‰-
s∏´ hy‡n-If - n¬\n∂v h√ A_-≤tam A]-cm-[tam kw`-hn®p F∂Xv
Jp¿-B-\n-s‚bpw kp∂-Øn-s‚bpw B[n-Im-cn-I-X°v tIm´w Xń-°p∂
{]iv\-ta-b-√. ]ns∂ kp∂-Ønse Nne \nth-Z-\-ßƒ ]c-kv]c hncp-≤-
amtbm Jp¿-B\ - p-ambn s]mcp-Øs - ∏-Sm-sXtbm hcp-tºmƒ AXns‚ \nth-
116
Z-I-∑m-cpsS Ncn{Xw \ncq-]Ww sNbvXv B[n-Im-cn-IX Is≠-tØ-

≠n-hcpw. AXn-\p-th-≠nØs∂-bmWv klm_n hcy-∑m-c-S-°-ap≈
F√m kp∂Øp \nth-Z-I-∑m-cp-sSbpw Ncn{Xw \ncq-]-W-£-a-amb hn[w
kwc-£n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈-Xpw. Cs√-¶n¬ ]c-kv]c hncp-≤-ambn D≤-cn-°-
s∏-Sp∂ F√m lZo-kp-Ifpw Hcp-t]mse kzoI-cn-°m\pw {]mh¿Øn-
I-am-°p-hm\pw \mw _m[y-ÿ-cm-Ipw. CXv Akm-[y-am-W-t√m.
auZq-Zn-bpsS ta¬ A]-cm[w NpaØn At±lw hgn-sX-‰n-bh - \
- m-sW∂v
hcp-Øn-Øo¿°m≥ hna¿i-I≥ c≠v BbØv sXfn-hp-≤c - n-°p-∂p-≠.v Bb-
Øp-I-fpsS Bi-bw, Jp¿-Bs‚ {]Ya {]t_m-[n-Xcpw kwt_m-[n-X-cp-
sa∂ \ne°p klm-_n-am¿°pw _m[-Ia - m-hp-sa-∂√ - msX Ah-cn¬ ]cn-
an-Xa- m-sW-∂¿Y-an-√. Bb-Øp-If - n¬ ]d™ KpW-ßƒ Hmtcm kXy-hn-
izm-kn-bnepw Gdnbpw Ipd™pw ImWm-hp-∂X - m-Wv. Aß-s\-bs - √-¶n¬
B KpW-ß-f-{Xbpw klm-_n-I-fn¬ am{Xw I≠m¬ aXn, a‰p hnizm-kn-
I-fn¬ D≠m-hW - s- a-∂n√ F∂v ]d-tb-≠n-hc - pw. AXm-Is - ´, Jp¿-B\ - n-Im-
[ym-]\ - ß
- ƒ°p \nc-°p-∂X - √ Xm\pw.
kqd-Xp¬ lpPp-dm-Ønse Bb-Øm-sW-¶n¬ hna¿i-Is‚ hmZsØ
Jfin-°pI IqSn sNøp-∂p-≠.v sXm´p-ap-ºp≈ Bb-Øp-ambn _‘-s∏´pw
XpS¿∂p-amWv AXv Ah-Xc - n-®n-´p-≈X- .v AXnse kqNnX hy‡nbpw hy‡n-
Ifpw klm-_n-am-cm-Wv. lZokv imkv{X-Øn¬ \nth-ZI - ∑ - msc \nin-X\ - n-
cq-]W
- Ø - n\v hnt[-bc - m-°p-∂X - n¬ lZokv ]fin-X∑ - m¿°p≈ H∂m-asØ
{]am-Whpw AXm-Wv. B BbØv Cßs\ X¿Pa sNømw:
""kXy-hn-izm-kn-It- f, h√ Xmt¥m-∂nbpw Fs¥-¶nepw hm¿Ø-bp-am-
bn \nßsf kao-]n-®m¬ \nßƒ Imcyw hy‡-ambn At\z-jn-®d - n-bW- w.
Ahn-thIw aqew Hcp P\-hn-`m-KsØ \mi-ta-ev]n-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\m-W-
Xv. ]ns∂ sNbvX-Im-cysØs®m√n \nßƒ tJZn-t°-≠n-h-cpw. ssZh-
Zq-X≥ \nß-tfm-sSm-∏-ap-s≠∂ Imcyw \nßƒ a\-n-em-°-Ww. an°
Imcy-ß-fnepw At±lw \nßsf A\p-k-cn-°m-sa∂v sh®m¬ \nßƒ
hnj-an-°pw. F∂m¬ A√mlp kXy-hn-izm-ksØ \nßƒ°p CjvS-
I-chpw \nß-fpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ AXns\ kpµ-chpw kXy-\n-tj-[w,
Xmt¥m-∂n-Øw, [n°mcw F∂n-hsb \nßƒ°p Atcm-N-I-hp-am-°n-
bn-cn-°p∂p.''(Jp¿-B≥ 49: 6,7)
Bb-Øn¬ Xmt¥m-∂n-sb∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂Xv, Hcp klm-_n-
sb-bmWv. AØ-c-°m¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv A∏Sn AwKo-I-cn-®p-t]m-h-cp-sX∂v
KpW-tZm-jn-®n-cn-°p-∂t- Xm, a‰p klm-_n-am-scbpw. kwK-Xn-bn-XmWv: _\q-
Xaow hwi-P-cn¬ Hcp hn`m-K-Øn¬\n∂v kImØv kw`-cn-®p-sIm-≠p-h-
cm≥ \_n(k) heo-Zp_v\p DJv_sb \ntbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p. Xt±-io-b¿ \_n
(-k)-bpsS ZqXs\ kzoI-cn-°m≥ sN∂Xv Bbp-[-[m-cn-I-fm-bm-Wv. Ah¿
Xs∂ FXn¿°m≥ hcn-Ib - m-hp-sa∂v kwi-bn® heoZv, Xncn-®p-h∂v Ah¿
kImØv \evIm≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw Xs∂ FXn¿°m≥
Xp\n-™n-d-ßp-I-bp-≠m-sb-∂p-sams° \_n(-k)°p sX‰mbn hnhcw
117
\evIn. XZ-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \_n(-k) Jmen-Zp-_v\p¬ heo-Zn(-d)s‚

t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ HcpIq´w ]S-bm-fn-Isf Ab-°p-Ibpw ÿe-Øp-sN∂v
kwK-Xn-bpsS \nP-ÿnXn a\-n-em-°n-b-tijw bp‡-amb \S-]Sn
kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-≈m≥ At±-l-Øn\v \n¿tZiw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.
heo-Zns‚ hnh-cWw sX‰m-sW∂v a\-n-em-°nb JmenZv Xt±-io-b-
cn¬\n∂v kImØv kzoI-cn®v aZo-\-bn¬ Xncn-s®-Øn. CXs{X Cu
kq‡-ß-fpsS Ah-X-cW ]›m-Ø-ew. Cu kq‡w hna¿i-I∂pw
_m[-I-am-Wv. At±lw a\-n-em-°nbXn\v hncp-≤-ambn, ]d-bp∂
Bƒ klm-_n-bm-bm¬ t]mepw \√-t]mse At\z-jn®p thWw
F¥pw kzoI-cn-°m-s\∂mWv Cu kq‡w ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
klm-_n-am¿, BZn-ep-I-fm(-\o-Xn-am-∑m-cm)-sW∂p≈ Jp¿-B≥,
kp∂-Øv, CPvam-Av F∂o {]am-W-ßƒ hgn ÿnc-s∏´ Hcp Imcy-
sØ-bmWv auZqZn \ntj-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂mWv hna¿i-Is‚ as‰m-
cm-tcm-]-Ww.
klm-_n-am¿ \oXn-am-∑m-cm-sW-∂p≈ hkvXpX auZqZn \ntj-[n-
°p-I-b-√, adn®v Xd-∏n®p ]d-bp-I-bmWv sNbvXn-´p-≈-sX∂pw, klm-
_-Øns‚ \oXn-t_m-[sØ tNmZyw sNøp-∂Xpw H‰-s∏´ klm-_nsb
\ncq-]Ww sNøp-∂Xpw c≠p Imcy-ß-fm-sW∂pw CXp-hsc ]d-™-
Xn¬\n∂pw hy‡-am-bn-°-gn-™p. Cu \ne-]mSv auZqZn am{Xw kzoI-
cn-®n-´p-≈-X-√. ]q¿hnI ]fin-X-∑m-sc√mw kzoI-cn-®n-´p-≈-XmWv F∂v
tcJ- I - f p- ≤ - c n®p Nq≠n- ° m- W n- ° p- I - b pw sNbv X n- ´ p- ≈ - X p- s Im≠v
C\nbpw Cu adp-]Sn Zo¿Ln-∏n-t°-≠-Xn-s√∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p.
]{¥≠v
ssK_pw auZq-Znbpw
.....""\c-Iw, kz¿Kw, alvid XpS-ßnb F{Xtbm AZr-iy-amb Imcy-
ßƒ D≠v . F∂m¬ Ah- b n- s e√mw hniz- k n- ° p- h m≥ A√mlp
Ahs‚ {]hmN-I≥ aptJ\ \tΩmSv B⁄m-]n-®n-´p-≠v. CXm-Wt√m
bYm¿Y-Øn¬ C¬ap¬ ssK_v... auZqZn Cu hnj-b-Ønepw hf-sc-
b-[nIw ]mI-∏n-g-hp≈ hni-Zo-I-c-W-amWv \evIp-∂-Xv... Ckvemw aXw
F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv ImWpI:
"\nßƒs°mcp Imcy-sØ-∏‰n Adn-hn-s√-¶n¬ Adn-hp-≈-hsc
\nßƒ At\z-jn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS \n¿tZ-i-a-\p-k-cn®v {]h¿Øn-
°p- I bpw sNøp- ∂ p. \nßƒ°p tcmKw _m[n- ° p- t ºmƒ kzbw
NnIn’ \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v ]Icw \nßƒ tUmIvS¿amsc kao-]n-°p-
∂p. tUmIvS¿ k¿ń-^n-°-‰p-≈-h\pw Xg-°hpw ]cn-N-bhpw kn≤n-®-
118
h\pw \nc-h[n tcmKn-Isf NnIn-’n®p {]ikvXn t\Sn-b-h-\p-am-bn-cn-

°p-∂-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬, \nßsf NnIn-’n-°m≥ Bh-iy-amb
tbmKyX B tUmIvS¿°p-s≠∂v \nßƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. AtX
hnizm-k-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv Abmƒ \n¿tZ-in-°p∂ acp-
∂p- I ƒ \nß- f p- ] - t bm- K n- ° p- I bpw Abm- f p- t ]- £ n- ° m≥ ]d- ™ -
sXms° \nßƒ h¿Pn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xv. AtX-{]-Imcw \nb-a-hn-
j-b-Øn¬ \nßƒ h°o-ens\ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. hnZym-`ymk hnj-b-Øn¬ Kpcp-\m-Ys\ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw
At±lw ]Tn-∏n®p Xcp-∂-sX√mw A∏Sn kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p;
\nßƒs°-hn-sS-sb-¶nepw t]mtI-≠-Xmbn hcp-tºmƒ, hgn-b-dn-bm-
Xn- c n- ° p∂ ]£w Adn- h p≈ Hcmsf \nßƒ hniz- k n- ° p- I bpw
Abmƒ ImWn-®p-X-cp∂ am¿K-Øn-eqsS Ncn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Npcp-
°-Øn¬, sFln-I-amb GXp hnj-b-Ønepw Adnhv Ic-ÿ-am-°p-
hm≥ Adn-hp≈ Hcm-fn¬ hniz-kn-°p-hm\pw Abmsf A\p-k-cn-°p-
hm\pw \mw \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-Wv. CXn-∂s{X AZr-iy-am-b-h-sIm-≠p≈
hnizm-k-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.' (Ckvemw aXw, t]Pv 32/1955)
Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-ÿm-\] - c- a- mb hnizm-kØ - ns‚ `mK-amb Imcy-ßsf
A_p¬ AAvem auZqZn shdpw ùXnI Imcy-ßf - n¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂X - m-bn-
´mWv hymJym-\n-°p-∂s - X-∂X - n\v CXn-e∏ - pdw Hcp tcJ-°m-hi - y-apt≠m? ''
(C-kvemapw auZqZn aZvl_ - pw t]Pv 57, 58)
ae-bm-f`- m-jb - n¬ {]kn-≤o-Ir-Xa - mb Hcp ]pkvXI - Ø
- n¬ hna¿i-I≥
\S-Ønb Ań-adn ImWm≥ D≤rX Jfin-I°p sXm´p-Xm-sg-bp≈ Jfin-
I-IqSn hmbn-®m¬ aXn.
Ckvem-ans‚ hnizm-k˛- I - ¿a-ßf - psS bp‡n-`{- Z-Xbpw {]mtbm-Kn-IX - bpw
GXp km[m-c-W-°m-c\pw t_m[y-s∏Spw hn[w efn-X-ambn hnh-cn-°p-I-
sb∂ khn-tij e£y-tØmsS cNn-°s - ∏´ ]pkvXI - a- mWv "Ckvemw aXw'.
AXnse "AZr-iy-Im-cy-ßf - n-ep≈ hnizmk'sa∂ io¿jIw BZy¥w {i≤m-
]q¿hw hmbn-°p∂ GsXm-cmƒ°pw {KŸ-Im-cs‚ bYm¿Y Bibw {Kln-
°m≥ {]bm-ka - p-≠m-hn-√. hna¿i-Ic - psS Bhiyw ]t£, kXyw {Kln-°-
e-√, auZqZn Jfi-\a- m-Wt- √m. At∏mƒ ]ns∂ "£oc-ap-t≈m-cI - n-Sn≥ Nph-
ń-epw......' F∂XmWv coXn
a\p-jy≥ X\n-°-dn-™p-Iq-SmØ Imcy-ßƒ a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv tNmZn®p
]Tn®v AXn¬ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw AX-\p-kc - n®v {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂-Xn¬ Bcpw bmsXm-c] - m-IX - bpw Z¿in-°p-∂n-s√∂v ka¿Yn-°p-Ib - mWv
auZqZn BZyw sNøp-∂X - v. sFlnI Imcy-ßf - n¬ \mw kzoI-cn-°p∂ Cu
coXnbpw Hcp-Xcw AZr-iy-Im-cy-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw Xs∂-bm-sW∂v At±-
lw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p.
\nXy-Po-hn-XØ - nse km[m-cW Imcy-ßƒ t]mepw Hmtcm hy‡n°pw
t\cn´p ]Tn-°pI Akm-[y-am-sW∂pw Ah kw_-‘n®v Adn-hp-≈-h¿
]d-™p-tI-´Xv hniz-kn®v AXn-s\mØv {]h¿Øn-°p-Itb KXn-bp-≈q-sh-
119
∂p-am-sW-¶n¬, AXn-ù-XnI Imcy-ßsf \ntj-[n-°m≥ bmsXmcp

\ymb-hp-an-s√∂pw A°m-cy-ß-fn¬ Pohn-X-hn-ip-≤n-bn-eqsS kXy-k-
‘X sXfn-™p-I-gn™ AXn-ù-XnI ⁄m\-Øn-s‚ DS-a-I-fm-b,
ssZh-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ t_m[\w Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ {]hm-N-I-∑msc
AwKo-I-cn-°p-Itb \n¿hm-l-ap-≈q-sh-∂p-amWv At±lw XpS¿∂v
ka¿Yn-°p-∂-Xv. hna¿i-I≥ D≤-cn-®-Xn\v sXm´p Xmsg-bp≈ JfinI
AXv hni-Z-am-°p-∂Xv ImWpI:
""AZr-iy-am-b-h-bn¬ hniz-kn-°pI F∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw \ap-°-dn-
hn- √ mØ hnj- b - ß ƒ Adn- h p- ≈ - h - c n¬\n∂v Ic- ÿ - a m- ° p- I bpw
AXn¬ ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvI-sb-∂m-Wv. temI-\n-b-
¥m-hmb ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®pw Ahs‚ KpW-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw \ap-°-dn-
hn√; ssZh-Øns‚ ae-°p-Iƒ ssZhn-I \nb-a-ßƒ°-Sn-a-s∏-´p-sIm≠v
kakv X temI- Ø n- s ‚bpw Imcy- ß ƒ \S- Ø n- s °m- ≠ n- c n- ° p- ∂ p-
sh∂pw Ah¿ \sΩ \m\m `mK-Øp-\n∂pw hebw sNbvXn-cn-°p-
∂p-sh∂pw \ap-°-dn-™p-IqSm; ssZhm-ò-jvS-Øn-s\mØv PohnXw \bn-
°p-hm-\p≈ kXy-am¿K-ta-sX∂pw \ap-°-dn-hn√; ]c-tem-I-Po-hn-X-sØ-
°p-dn®pw \ap°p icn-bmb ⁄m\w e`n-®n-ń-√. AXn-\m¬ {]kvXpX
kwK-Xn-Isf kw_-‘n®v Adn-hp≈ Hcmsf I≠p-]n-Sn-t°-≠-X-Xym-
h-iy-am-bn-cn-°p∂p. GsXm-cm-fpsS k∑m¿K-\n-jvT, kXy-k-‘-X,
ssZh-`‡n, ]cn-ip≤ Pohn-Xw, bp‡n-bp-‡-amb kwkmcw F∂nh
I≠n-´v, Abmƒ ]d-bp-∂-sX√mw kXyhpw hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-hp-am-
sW∂v \mw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p-thm, AXmWv AZr-iy-am-b-h-bn-ep≈ hnizm-
kw. ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°p-hm\pw Ahs‚ Aò-jvS-a-\p-k-cn®v
{]h¿Øn-°p-hm\pw AZr-iy-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw Hgn-®p-Iq-Sm-Ø-Xm-
Wv. Imc-Ww, {]hm-N-I-\n¬\n-∂-√msX as‰-hn-sS-\n∂pw icn-bmb
⁄m\w e`n-°pI km[y-a-√. icn-bmb ⁄m\w IqSmsX Ckvem-
anI am¿K-Øn¬ Ncn-°p-hm\pw Ign-bp-I-bn-√.''(Ckvemw aXw t]Pv
35)
C{X-sbms° hy‡-ambn hnh-cn-®n´pw ""shdpw ùXnI Imcy-ß-fn¬
hniz-kn-°p-∂X - m-bn-´mWv'' AZr-iy-Im-cy-ßf- n-ep≈ hnizm-ksØ auZqZn
hymJym-\n-°p-∂-sX-∂m-t£-]n-°m≥ hna¿i-I∂v ss[cy-ta-In-b-Xv,
At±-l-Øns‚ hmb-\-°m¿ "Ckvemw aXw' F∂ ]pkvXIw hmbn-
°p-I-bn-s√-∂p≈ Dd® hnizm-k-am-bn-cn-°mt\ Xc-ap-≈q.
120
]Xn-aq∂v
apA-vPn-kØpw auZq-Znbpw
auZqZn apA-vPn-kØv \ntj-[n-°p-∂p-sh-∂m-tcm-]n-®p-sIm≠v Jfi-
\-°m-c≥ Fgp-Xp∂p:
""\ΩpsS \_n-bp-sSbpw ap≥ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sSbpw apA-vPn-k-Øp-
I-fn¬\n∂v \nc-h[n Imcy-ßƒ Jp¿-B-\n¬ hfsc hy‡-ambn {]Xn-
]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ auZqZn ]d-bp-∂Xv ImWpI: "Ah-cpsS {]hm-
N- I Xzw kΩ- X n- ° m≥ P\- ß ƒ \n¿_- ‘ n- X - c m- b n- Ø o- c - Ø °
bmsXmcp {]Xy£ AS- b m- f - ß fpw Ah- c psS ]°¬ D≠m- b n- c n-
°n√'(C-kvemapw Pmln-en-ø-Øpw). Jfin-X-amb e£y-ßƒ aptJ\
ÿnc-s∏´ Hcp Imcy-sØ-bt√ At±lw \ntj-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv?'' (P-
am-AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\hpw, t]Pv 26)
ta¬ hcn-Iƒ apA-vPn-kØv \ntj-[-am-Wp-t]m¬! Xß-fn¬ hniz-kn-
°m≥ P\-ß-fn¬ \n¿_‘w sNep-Øp∂ AS-bm-f-ßƒ {]hm-N-I-∑m-
cpsS ssIhiw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂mWv auZqZn ]d-™X - v. AXpw sX‰m-
sW-∂msW-¶n¬ hna¿i-I≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv {]hm-NI - ∑- m¿ apA-Pv n-kØv
Imń P\-ßsf \n¿_-‘n®v aX-Øn¬ tN¿°p-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂m-IWw!
AXv temIØv C∂p-hsc Bcpw hniz-kn-°m-ØXpw hniz-kn-°m≥ \n¿hm-
l-an-√m-ØX - p-amb Imcy-am-W.v Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ Hcp {]hm-NI - ≥ {]Xy-
£-s∏-Sp-∂-tXmsS At±-l-Øns‚ ImeØv H‰ \ntj-[nbpw C√m-Xm-Ip-
am-bn-cp-∂p.
]e {]hm-NI - ∑
- m-cp-sSbpw kap-Zm-bØ
- n¬ `qcn-]£- hpw Ahsc \ntj-
[n-°p-∂h - c
- m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂X - n\v Jp¿-B≥ km£n-bm-Wv. kzmen-lv, aqkm,
Cukm(-A) XpS-ßnb {]hm-NI - ≥am¿ hy‡-amb apA-vPn-kmØv e`n-®h - -
cm-bn-cp-∂n´pw P\-ßƒ \ntj[ \b-amWv kzoI-cn-®-Xv. a\p-jys\ hniz-
kn-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X\ - m-°n-Øo¿°p∂ in£-bpsS NΩ-ń-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√,
adn®v {]hm-N-Is‚ kXym-hÿ hy‡-am-°p∂ sXfn-hp-I-fm-bn-cp∂p
apAvPn-k-Øp-Iƒ F∂ hkvXp-X-bn-te-°mWv Cu Ncn{X hkvXp-X-Iƒ
hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂X - v. apl-ΩZ- n(-k)-t\mSp t]mep-ap≈ Jp¿-Bs‚ \n¿tZiw
121
CXt{X:
(AXn-\m¬ D]-tZ-in-°p-I. D]-tZ-iI

- ≥ am{X-amWp \o. \o Ah-cpsS ta¬
A[n-Imcw sNep-Øp-∂h - \
- √
- . C\n ]n¥n-cn™v \ntj-[n-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-
h≥, Ahs\ A√mlp ITn-\-ambn in£n-®p-sIm-≈pw.)
(\mw Dt±-in-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ D]-cn-tem-I-Øp-\n∂v Ah¿°p BbØv

Ah-Xc - n-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\ Ah-cpsS ]nc-Sn-Iƒ AXn\v
hnt[-ba - m-hp-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p.)
Camw C_v\p Iko¿(-d) CXns\ Cßs\ hnh-cn-°p∂p:
(AXm-bXp \mw Dt±-in-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ hniz-kn-°m≥ Ahsc \n¿_-

‘n-°p∂ ZrjvSm¥w \mw Cd-°n-bn-´p-≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬ \mw
AXp sNøp-I-bn-√. Imc-Ww, \mw Hcm-fn¬ \n∂pw kzmò-jvSm-\p-km-c-
ap≈ hnizmkw am{Xta Dt±-in-°p-∂p-≈q.)
Cl-temIw ]co-£W - m-eb- a- m-Wv. hniz-kn-°m\pw Ahn-iz-kn-°m\pw
ChnsS B¿°pw kzmX-{¥y-ap-≠v. B kzmX{¥yw Fßs\ D]-tbm-Ks - ∏-
Sp-Øp-∂p-sh-∂X - mWv ]co-£W- w. hniz-kn-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-®m¬ ]ns∂
]co-£W - a- n-√. A√mlp t\cnt´m ae-°p-Isf Abt®m P\-ßsf `b-s∏-
SpØn hniz-kn-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-°p∂ {]iv\a - n-√.
hna¿i-I≥ C\nbpw Fgp-Xp∂p: ""apA-vPn-k-Øn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ ]cm-
a¿iw t]mse-Øs∂ \_n(-k)-bpsS ZuXy-\n¿h-lWw ]cm-P-b-Øn-em-
sW∂pw At±lw hcp-Øn-Øo¿°m≥ {ian-®-Xmbn ImWmw.... Aam-\p-
jn-Ia - mb {]kvXpX {KŸ-Ønse {]Jym-]\ - sØ `wKw hcp-Øp∂ hn[w
23 h¿j-ßf - nse I¿Ø-hy-\n¿h-lW - Ø - n¬ hogvNI - ƒ hcp-Øn-sb∂v hcp-
Øm-\mWv At±-l-an-hnsS {ian-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.'' (Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an,
ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\hpw t]Pv 26, 27)
auZq-Zn-bpsS "Jp¿-B≥ Io Nm¿ _p≥bmZo CkvXn-emtlw' F∂
]pkvXI - Ø- n-ep≈ Hcp `mK-amWv Cu Bt£-]Ø - n-\m-[m-cw. AXv Cßs\
hmbn°mw:
""23 h¿j-°m-esØ tkh-\Ø - n-\n-Sbv°p _m[yXm \n¿h-lW - Ø
- n¬
Xs‚ `mK-Øp-\n∂v kw`-hn-t®-°m-\n-Sb - p≈ \yq\-XI - fpw Ipd-hp-Ifpw am∏v
sNbvXp Xtc-Wta! F∂p {]m¿Yn-°m≥ I¬]n-°p-Ib - s{X kqdx \kzvdn¬
AXp-hgn A√mlp sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂X - v.''(t]Pv 111)
122
C\n kqdx \kz-vdnse AtX kq‡-Øn\v Camw dmkn \¬Inb

hnh-c-Whpw IqSn ImWpI:
(A√m-lp-hns‚ "hkvXK - v^n¿lp' F∂ hmIyw kw_-‘n®v ]te ImgvN-

∏m-Sp-I-fp-≠v..... -[A-h-bn¬ c≠m-a-tØXv] Ah-t\mSv am∏-t]-£n-°pI
F∂p≈ A√m-lp-hns‚ hmIy-Øns‚ hnh£, \o A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv \n\-
°p-th≠n am∏-t]-£n-°pI Ft∂m kaq-lØ - n\v th≠n am∏-t]-£n-°pI
Ft∂m BImw. BZy-tØ-XmWv Dt±-iy-sa-¶n¬ AXv \_n(-k)-bn¬\n∂v
sX‰v kw`-hn-®n-cp-∂pthm Ct√ F∂-Xns‚ Xocp-am-\sØ B{i-bn-®n-cn-°p-
∂p. sX‰p kw`-hn-®n-cp∂p F∂v ]d-bp-∂h - ¿ am∏-t]-£b - psS {]tbm-P\w
kw_-‘n®v ]te \ymb-ßfpw ]d-bp-∂p-≠v..... [A-hb - n¬ aq∂m-at- ØXv]
am∏-t]£ Ahn-St- Ø°v \n¿_-‘a - m-bX
- v, AXv sNdnb sX‰n-\p≈ ]cn-
lm-ca- m-hm-\m-Wv. At∏mƒ Ahn-St- Ø°v {]Xn-ê - Ø- n¬ H´pw Ipd-h\ - p-`-
hn-°p-Ib - n-√. (X-^vko-dp¬ I_o¿ hm. 8, t]. 522)
GXm-bmepw "\o am∏vtX-SpI' F∂ Jp¿-Bs‚ Iev]\ \_n(-k)-
tbm-Sm-sW∂ Imcy-Øn¬ hna¿i-I∂pw `n∂m-`n-{]m-ba - p-≠m-bn-cn-°p-Ib- n-
√. am∏p tXSpI sNdptXm heptXm Bb sX‰p-Ip-‰ß - f - n¬\n-∂m-Wt- √m.
{]hm-N-I≥ am∏v tXtS-≠Xv X\n°v th≠n-X-s∂tbm AX√ Xs‚ DΩ-
Øn-\p-th-≠ntbm? c≠p-am-Im-sa-∂mWv ap^-n-dp-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. {]hm-
N-I-\p-th≠n Xs∂-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXns‚ \ymb-ß-fmWv dmkn Nq≠n-
°m-Wn-®X - v. Camw dmkn Nq≠n-°m-Wn® aq∂m-asØ \ymb-amWv as‰mcp
`mj-bn¬ auZqZn kmln_pw ]d-™n-´p-≈X - v. CXv {]hm-NI - Z- uXyw ]cm-
P-b-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v hcp-Øm-\p≈ {ia-am-sW-¶n¬ B {iaw BZyw \S-
Øn-bXv alm≥am-cmb ]q¿hnI ap^-n-dp-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂pw -hn-a¿i-
I≥ kΩ-Xn-t°-≠n-hc - pw.
123
]-Xn-\mev
Zo≥, ico-A-Øv, tÃ‰v

Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-ÿm-\-]-chpw kmt¶-Xn-I-hp-amb {]tbm-K-ß-fn¬
t]mepw Ir{Xnaw ImWn-°m≥ \ΩpsS hna¿i-I¿°v bmsXmcp aSn-
bp-an-√. ]q¿h-Ime ]WvUn-X≥am¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb kwK-Xn-Iƒ
]eXpw Ch¿ Ah-K-Wn-°p-Itbm hnkva-cn-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-cn-°p-
∂p. hnkvar-X-amb Nne kwK-Xn-Iƒ auZqZn A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-Itb
sNbvXp-≈q, At∏m-tg-°Xm AXn-s\-Xn-cn¬ \m\m-`m-K-Øp-\n∂pw
hna¿i-\-Øns‚ Iqc-ºp-Iƒ h¿jn-°-bm-bn.
Zo\pw ico-AØpw kw_-‘n-®p≈ auZq-Zn-bpsS hnh-c-W-ßƒs°-
Xn-cn¬ s]m¥n-h∂ Bt£-]m-t{Im-i-ßƒ Cubn\-Øn¬s∏-Sp-∂-h-bm-
Wv. auZq-ZnbpsS A⁄-Xb - mWv At±-ls - Ø-s°m≠v Cß-s\-sbms°
]d-bn-®-sX-∂mWv hna¿iI `mjyw. hna¿i-I≥ Fgp-Xp∂p:
""Zo\n\v auZqZn \evIn-b- hn-h£ AXn-ck - m-hl - hpw Cam-ap-Iƒ \evInb
hnh-cW - sØ AXn-ew-Ln-®p-sIm-≠p-≈X - p-am-W.v At±lw ]d-bp∂p: "Zo\ns‚
A¿Yw A\p-kc - n-°¬ F∂m-W.v aZvl_ - ,v aXw F∂o D]-tbmKw Zo\ns‚
km£m¬ A¿Y-a-√. ]t£, a\p-jys‚ hnizm-k-sØbpw {]h¿Ø-\-
sØbpw Hcp {]tXyI knÃ-Øn¬ A\p-k-cn-°¬ AXn-ep-s≠∂ \ne-
°mWv aX-Øn\v "Zo≥' F∂p ]d™p hcp-∂X - .v bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Zo≥ F∂
]Z-Øn\v GXm≠v Cu ImeØv tÃ‰v F∂ ]Zw sIm≠p-t±-in-°p∂ A¿Y-
am-Wp-≈X - .v P\-ßsf GsX-¶nepw D∂X i‡n°v A\p-kc - n-∏n-®vsIm≠v
hgn-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂mWv tÃ‰ns‚ hnh-£. AXp-Xs - ∂-bmWv Zo≥ sIm≠p-
t±-in-°p-∂Xv''(kn-bmko IivaI - iv hmfyw 3, t]Pv 13). (Pam-AsØ Ckvem-
an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\h - pw, t]Pv 40, 41)
ChnsS hna¿i-I≥ Im‰m-Sn-b{- ¥-tØmSv kacw sNbvX tUmÏn-Itv km-
ń-s\-bmWv A\p-kvac - n-∏n-°p-∂X - v. At±lw Fgp-Xp-∂X - p ImWpI: ""Cu
hmIyw BZy¥w hmbn-®m¬ auZq-Zn-bpsS ASp-°¬ Zo\ns‚ km£m¬
A¿Yw hgn-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂m-sW∂v {Kln-°m≥ {]bm-ka - n√. hmkvXh - -
124
Øn¬ AXn-cq-£-amb Xncn-a-dn-bmWv At±lw ChnsS \S-Øn-bn-´p-

≈-Xv.'' Camw dmKn-_ns‚ Hcp hmIyw D≤-cn-®p-sIm≠v hna¿i-I≥
XpS¿s∂-gp-Xp∂p: ""F∂m¬ auZqZn H∂m-a-Xmbn hgn-s∏-S¬ F∂p-
≈Xv hgn-s∏-Sp-Ø-em°n am‰n adn-®p. Xs‚ hmZw Dd-∏n-°m-\mbn
At±lw Icp-Xn-°qń sNbvX-XmWo adn-am-bw. Aßs\ A\p-k-cn-
∏n-°¬ Zo\ns‚ km£m¬ A¿Yw h∂m-et√ D]-tbm-Km¿Y-Øn¬
D∂X i‡n°v A\p-k-cn-∏n-°pI F∂ Xs‚ e£y-Øn¬ FØn-
t®-cp-I-bp-≈p.''(P-am-AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\-hpw
t]Pv 41)
bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Xncn-ad- n-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-´p-≈Xv Bcm-sW∂v \ap°p ]cn-
tim-[n-°mw. "Zo≥' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿Yw "A\p-k-cWw' F∂m-sW-
∂p≈ Imcy-Øn¬ hna¿i-I\pw auZq-Zn-tbmSv tbmPn-°p-∂p-≠.v dmKn-_ns‚
hmIyw D≤-cn-®X - n¬\n∂v AXmWv hy‡-am-hp-∂X - v. F∂m¬ A\p-kc - n-
°pI F∂v ]d-tb-≠n-SØv auZqZn A\p-k-cn-∏n-°pI F∂v A¿Yw
]d™pIf™p F∂p am{Xta At±-l-Øn\v Bt£-]-ap-≈q. auZqZn
Aß-s\-Øs - ∂-bmWv A¿Yw \evIn-bn-´p-≈s - X-¶n¬ AXv A]-cm[w Xs∂-
bm-Wv. F∂m¬ kwKXn adn-®m-sW-∂p-≈X - mWv bmYm¿Yyw. auZq-Zn-b√ - ,
auZq-Znsb Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Dt±-in-®p-sIm≠v hna¿i-I\ - mWv Xncn-adn \S-
Øn-bn-´p-≈X - v. ASn-hc - b- n´ `mKw {i≤n-°p-I. AhnsS auZqZn Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-
≈Xv C{]-Im-c-amWv: ""GsX-¶nepw AXyp-∂X i‡n-°p≈ P\-ß-fpsS
AwKo-Im-chpw A\p-kc- W - hpw; CXmWv tÃ‰v. CXp-Xs - ∂-bmWv Zo\n-s‚bpw
Bi-bw.''
F∂ D¿Zp ]Z-Øn\v "AwKo-Icn°¬' F∂m-W¿Yw. CXp
am‰n A\p-kc - n-∏n-°e - m-°n. F∂ ]Z-Øn\v "hgn-s∏-S¬' F∂m-
W¿Yw. AXp am‰n hgn-s∏-Sp-Øe - m-°n. CXmWv hna¿i-I≥ \S-Ønb Xncn-
a-dn. F∂n´v auZqZn Xncn-adn \SØn F∂p apd-hn-fn-bpw. CXv tamjvSmhv
tamj-WØ - n-\n-cb - m-bh - s\ Nq≠n I≈≥, I≈≥ F∂v hnfn-®p-Iq-hp-∂X - n-
s\-bmWv A\p-ka v c
- n-∏n-°p-∂X - .v
Zo\pw an√Øpw ico-A-Øp-sa√mw H∂m-sW∂pw Zo\pw ico-AØpw
c≠m-sW-∂p≈ auZq-Zn-bpsS hmZw sX‰m-sW∂pw ka¿Yn-°m≥ hna¿i-
I≥ Camw dmKn-_ns‚ Hcp hmIyw D≤-cn-°p-∂Xp ImWpI:
""Camw dmKn_v ap^vdZ- m-Øn¬ ]d™ Hcp hmIyw BZy-ambn ChnsS
Ipdn°mw: "Zo≥ F∂ ]Zw A\p-k-c-Ww, {]Xn-êw F∂n-h°p ]d-b-
s∏-Sp-∂p. ico-A-Øn\v Ae-¶mc {]tbm-K-amb \ne-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-
∂p. Zo≥ an√Øv t]mse-bm-Wv.. ' Zo\pw an√Øpw Hcp-t]m-se-bm-sW∂pw
Zo\ns\ ico-A-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-sa∂pw Camw dmKn-_ns‚ hnh-cWw
\nßƒ hmbn-®p-ht- √m. auZq-Zn-bpsS hmZw Zo\pw ico-AØpw H∂√ F∂m-
Wv.''(P-am-AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\hpw t]Pv 41, 42)
]t£, Camw dmKn-_n-t‚-Xmbn kzbw D≤-cn® hmIy-Øn-ep≈ c≠p
125
Imcy-ßƒ hna¿i-I≥ kuI-cy-]q¿hw hnkva-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. "Zo≥'

F∂ ]Zw "ico-AØv' F∂ ]Z-Øn\p ]Icw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv
Be-¶m-cn-I-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw "Zo≥' F∂ ]Zw "an√Øv' F∂ ]Zw
t]mse Xs∂-bm-sW-∂p-ap≈ Imcy-ß-fm-W-h. Be-¶m-cn-I-am-bmWv
D]-tbm-Kn-°pI F∂v ]d-™-Xns‚ A¿Yw "Zo\pw' ico-A-Øpw ]cym-
b-]-Z-ß-f√ F∂pw h√-t∏m-gp-sams° "ico-AØv' F∂p-]-tbm-Kn-t°-
≠n-SØv "Zo≥' F∂p-]-tbm-Kn-®m¬ Xs∂ AXv Be-¶m-cn-I-am-sW-
∂p-am-Wt√m, CXp Xs∂-bmWv Zo≥ F∂ ]Zw "an√Øv' F∂ ]Zw
t]mse-bmWv F∂v ]d-™-Xns‚bpw kmcw. sskZv knwlw t]mse-
bmWv F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xpw "sskZv' F∂p ]d-™m¬ knwl-amWv
F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xpw XΩn¬ hyXym-k-ap-s≠∂v Bcpw kΩ-Xn-°pw.
Cs√-¶n¬ ]ns∂ D]-a°v bmsXmcp {]k-‡n-bp-an-√m-sX-h-cpw. ""Zo\pw,'
"an√Øpw' Hcp-t]m-se-bm-sW∂pw "Zo\n's\ "ico-AØn'\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-
sa∂pw Camw dmKn-_ns‚ hnh-cWw \nßƒ hmbn-®p-ht√m'' F∂p ]d-
™p-sIm≠v Camw dmKn_v D]-am-t\m-]t- a-bß- sf D]-am-hm-Iyw-sIm≠v ]c-
kv]cw _‘n-®Xp FSp-Øp-am-‰p-Ibpw tijn-®Xp kz¥w hmZ-ÿm-]-\-
Øn-\p≈ sXfn-hmbn Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°m≥ ]mSp-s]-Sp-Ib
- p-amWv hna¿i-I≥.
F∂m¬ Camw dmKn_v ]d-™s - X-¥m-sW-∂p-IqSn \ap°v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.
A¬ap^vdZ- m-Øn¬ At±lw Fgp-Xp∂p:
(Zo≥ F∂Xv "A\p-k-cWw' "{]Xn-êw' F∂o A¿Y-ßƒ°mWv D]-

tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≈-Xv. ico-A-Øn\pw AXv Be-¶m-cn-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-
≠v. "Zo≥' "an√Øv' t]mse-bm-Wv. ico-AØv A\p-k-cn-°p-I, AXn\v
hnt[-b-am-hpI F∂ ]cn-K-W-\-sh®pw Zo≥ {]tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠v.)
Cu D≤-c-Wn-bpsS D≈-S°w Cßs\ A]-{K-Yn°mw: "Zo≥' F∂
]Zw A\p-kc - W
- w, {]Xn-êw F∂o A¿Y-ßf - n-emWv bYm¿Y-Øn¬ D]-
tbm-Kn-°p-I. ico-A-Øn\v "Zo≥' F∂v h√-t∏m-gp-sams° ]d-bp-∂Xv
km£m¬ A¿Y-Øn-e-√, Be-¶m-cn-I-am-bm-Wv. AXm-b-Xv, Zo\pw ico-
AØpw H∂-√, c≠m-W.v F∂m¬ Zo\n\v an√-Ønt\mSv kmay-ap-≠.v AtX-
b-h-kcw Ah c≠pw Htc coXn-bn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°p-I-bn-√. A{X-bp-a-√,
ico-A-Øn\v an√-sØ∂v ]d-bm-Ø-Xp-t]mse Zo≥ F∂ ]Zhpw ico-A-
Øn\v km[m-c-W-bm-bn D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dn-√. \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ°p Iogvs∏-Sp-
I, A\p-k-cn-°pI F∂o ]cn-K-W-\-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-SpØn ico-A-
Øn\pw Nne-t∏mƒ "Zo≥' F∂v ]d-bm-dp-≠v. AXv ]t£, Be-¶m-cn-Ia - m-
Wv.
C\n "an√Øv' F¥m-sW-∂p-IqSn {i≤n-°p-I. Camw dmKn_v Fgp-Xp∂p:
126
(an√Øv Zo≥ t]mse-bm-Wv. kz¥w Zmk-∑m¿°p Xs‚ kmao]yw t\Sm≥

{]hm-NI - ≥am-cpsS \m°n-eqsS A√mlp \nb-aa - m-°n-bX
- ns‚ t]cm-WX - v.
Zo\pw an√Øpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw {]mam-Wn-I-\mb {]hm-N-I-t\mSv
tN¿Øp am{Xta an√Øv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bp≈p F∂-Xm-Wv. "\nßƒ
C_vdm-lo-ans‚ an√Øv ]n≥]-‰pI', "Rm≥ kz¥w ]nXm-°∑ - m-cpsS an√Øv
]n≥]-‰n-bn-cn-°p∂p.'* F∂nh DZm-l-c-Ww. A√m-lp-hn-te-t°m, {]hm-N-
Is‚ kaq-lØ - nse H‰-s∏´ hy‡n-If - n-tet°m AXp tN¿Øp ]d-bp-I-
bn-√. ico-AØ - ns‚ kmI-ey-Øn\√msX- A - X - nse H‰-s∏´ {]iv\ß - ƒ°v
AXp-]t- bm-Kn-°p-Ib- n√. AXm-bX- ,v A√m-lp-hns‚ an√Øv, Fs‚ an√-Ø,v
sskZns‚ an√Øv F∂n-ßs\ ]d-bp-Ib - n-√. A√m-lp-hns‚ Zo≥, sskZns‚
Zo≥ F∂n-ßs\ ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøpw. \a-kI v mcw A√m-lp-hns‚ an√-ØmWv
F∂pw ]d-bp-I-bn-√. "an√Øv' F∂ ]Zw "Fgp-Xm-\p-≈Xv ]d-™p-sIm-
SpØp' F∂¿Y-Øn-ep≈ F∂ ]Z-Øn¬\n∂p \njv]-Zn-®p-
≠m-b-Xm-Wv. A√mlp ]d™p: ""EW-`mcw B¿°mtWm D≈Xv Ah≥
]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°s - ´. C\n EW-_m-[y-Xb - p-≈b - mƒ hnUvVn-tbm, Zp¿_-et\m
]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ {XmWn-bn-√m-Øh - t\m BsW-¶n¬ Ahs‚ c£m-[n-
Imcn ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°-s´.'' A√mlp \nb-a-am-°nb ImcysØ ]cn-K-Wn-
®mWv an√Øv F∂p {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂X - .v AXp \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øp-∂h - sc ]cn-
K-Wn-®mhpw Zo\ns‚ {]tbm-Kw. AXns‚ A¿Yw A\p-kc - Ww F∂m-W.v )
(dm-Kn-_ns‚ ap^vdZ- m-Ø.v )
Zo\pw an√Øpw Bi-bØ - n¬ H∂m-sW-¶nepw {]tbm-KØ - n¬ hyXym-
k-ap-≠v. Zo≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-t∂-SØpw coXnbnepw an√-Øp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-
bn-√. C{X-bp-amWv dmKn_v ]d-™-Xns‚ Npcp-°w.
"ico-AØv' F¥m-sW∂v Camw dmKn_v hnh-cn-°p∂p:
* bqkp-^v\-_n(-A) Xs‚ ]nXm-°-∑m-sc-°p-dn®v ]d-™-Xm-Wn-Xv.

127
(hy‡-amb ]mX \n¿W-ba- mWv i¿-A.v- Rm≥ Ah∂v Hcp ]mX i¿-B°n
[\n¿W-bn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp] F∂v ]d-bm-dp-≠v. i¿-Av F∂Xv {Inbm-[m-Xp-hm-
Wv. ]n∂oSv AXv hy‡-amb ]mX-b° v p≈ \ma-ambn \n›-bn-°s - ∏-´p. Aß-
s\-bmWv AXn\v in¿-Av,- i¿-Av,- ico-AØv Fs∂√mw ]d™phcn-Ibpw
ssZhn-Ia - m¿K-Øn\v Be-¶m-cn-Ia - mbn D]tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXX - v. "in¿-
AØv', "an≥lmPv' F∂n-ßs\ A√mlp ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p-h-t√m. AXp
c≠p Imcy-ßƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p≠v: a\p-jy-\∑ - °pw cmjv{S \n¿am-WØ - n\pw
{]tbm-P-\-s∏Spw hn[w D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ]mI-Øn¬ A√mlp a\p-
jy\v hi-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-SpØ am¿K-amWv H∂v. "Nne¿°p Nnesc A[o-\-
cm-°m≥ ]mI-Øn¬ \mw Ah-cn¬ Nnesc a‰p Nne-tc-°mƒ hnhn[ ]Z-hn-
I-fn-embn Db¿Øn' F∂ Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-Øns‚ kqNym¿Yw AXm-Wv.
kzmò-jSv {- ]-Imcw A\p-jT v n-°m≥ ]mI-Øn¬ A√m-lp-Xs∂ \n¿tZ-in-®Xpw
\n¿W-bn®p X∂-Xp-amb Zo\mWv c≠m-a-tØ-Xv. AXn¬ ico-A-Øp-Iƒ
hyXym-ks - ∏-s´∂v hcpw. AXn\v \kvJ˛-v d- ±v sNø¬-˛_ - m-[I - a- m-sb∂pw hcpw.
""]ns∂ \mw \ns∂ Imcy-Øn¬ s]´ Hcp "ico-AtØm'Sp IqSn \n›-bn-®n-
cn-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ AXv ]n≥]-‰n-s°m-≈pI'' F∂ Jp¿-B≥ hmIyw
AXmWv Ipdn-°p-∂X - .v C_v\p A∫mkv ]d™p: ""Jp¿-B\ - n-ep-≈X - mWv
in¿-AØ- .v kp∂-Øn-ep-≈Xv an≥lm-Ppw.'' F∂ Jp¿-B≥
hmIyw Nq≠p-∂Xv "an√-Øp-Iƒ' s]mXp-hn¬ AwKo-Ic - n-°p∂ ASn-ÿm\
Imcy-ßf - n-te-°m-W.v Ahbv°p \kvJv _m[-Ia- m-hp-Ib - n-√. "A√m-lp-hnepw
Ahs‚ ae-°p-If - nepw {KŸ-ßf - nepw ZqX-∑m-cnepw A¥y-Zn-\Ø - ns‚ Imcy-
Ønepw Ahn-iz-kn-°p-∂h - ≥' F∂p XpS-ßp-∂X - p-t]m-ep≈ Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-
ßƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw A√m-lp-hns\ Adn-bpI t]mep-≈X - p-amb Imcy-
ß-fm-WX - v. )(-dm-Kn-_ns‚ A¬ ap^vdZ- m-Øv)
Npcp-°-Øn¬, F√m an√-Øp-Ifpw H∂n-®w-Ko-I-cn-°p∂ Imcy-ßƒ-
°mWv Zo≥ F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. ico-AØv Zo\ns‚ `mK-am-bmWv hcp-∂-
128
sX-¶nepw Zo≥ F∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-t±-in-°p-∂Xv ico-A-Ø-√. Imc-Ww,

Zo\n¬ \kvJv hcm≥ ]mSn-√. ico-A-Øn¬ AXv hcmw. AXm-bXv
am‰m≥ ]‰mØ Imcy-ßƒ°v-˛-A-√m-lp-hns\ Adn-bp-∂Xp DZm-l-c-
Ww˛ Zo≥ F∂pw am‰m≥ ]‰p∂ Imcy-ßƒ°p ico-AØv F∂pw
]d-bp-∂p. Zo\pw ico-AØpw H∂-√.
""\mw \nß-fn¬ Hmtcm hn`m-K-Øn\pw {]tXyIw in¿-AØpw
an≥lmPpw \n¿W-bn-®p-X-cp∂p F∂ kqd
A¬am-CZ 48-˛mw hmIyw hni-Zo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v Camw dmkn Fgp-Xp∂p:
([c-≠m-asØ {]iv\w] ]q¿hn-Ic - psS "i¿Av' \ap°p _m[-Ia - m-hp-Ib

- n-s√-
∂-Xn\v anbv° ]fin-X∑ - mcpw Cu BbØv sXfn-hmbn kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-
∂p. ""\mw, \nß-fn¬ Hmtcm hn`m-K-Øn\pw {]tXyIw "in¿-AØpw'
"an≥lmPpw' \n¿W-bn-®p-X∂ - n-cn-°p-∂p'' F∂p≈ hmIyw Hmtcm ZqX\pw
kzX{¥ ico-AØ - p-Im-c\- m-hpI A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. Hcp
ZqXs‚ kap-Zmbw as‰mcp ZqXs‚ ico-AØv AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ _m[y-
ÿ-cm-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂X- ns\ CXv \ntj-[n-°p-∂p-ap-≠.v [aq-∂m-asØ {]iv\w]
{]hm-NI- ∑
- m-cp-sSbpw ZqX-∑m-cp-sSbpw am¿K-Øn¬ ]c-kv]c sshcp-[y-an-
s√∂v ImWn-°p∂ Bb-Øp-If - p-≠v. ]c-kv]c sshcp-[y-ap-s≠∂v ImWn-
°p∂ Bb-Øp-I-fp-ap-≠v. [H-∂m-asØ C\w] ""Zo\n¬ s]´-Xm-bn, \qln-
t\mSv Iev]n® AtX Imcyw Ah≥ \nßƒ°pw \nb-a-am-°n-Ø-∂n-cn-
129
°p∂p'' F∂p XpS-ßn ""\nßƒ Zo≥ \ne-\n-dp-Øp-I, AXn¬ `n∂n-°c - pXv''

F∂p hsc-bp≈ hmIyw Xs∂. ""A√mlp am¿K-Z¿i\w sNbvX-h-ct{X
Ah¿. Ah-cpsS am¿Kw ]n≥]-‰pI'' F∂pw Ah≥ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. [c - -
≠m-asØ C\w] Cu BbØv Xs∂. Ah kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°m-\p≈ am¿Kw
CXmWv: H∂m-asØ C\-Øn¬ s]´ Bb-Øp-Iƒ Zo\ns‚ ASn-ÿm\
{]iv\ß- f- p-ambn _‘-s∏-´X - m-sW∂pw c≠m-asØ C\-Øn¬s]´ Bb-
Øp-Iƒ Zo\ns‚ imJm-]c - a
- mb {]iv\ß - f - p-ambn _‘-s∏-´h - b- m-sW∂pw
]d-bp-I. [\m-em-asØ {]iv\w] ""\mw \nß-fn¬ Hmtcm hn`m-K-Øn\pw
{]tXyIw in¿-AØpw an≥lmPpw \n¿W-bn-®p-X-∂n-cn-°p∂p''sh∂v ]d-
™-Xnse kwt_m-[\ aq∂p kaq-lß - t- fm-Sp-ap-≈˛ aqkm-bpsS kaqlw,
Cukm-bpsS kaq-lw, apl-ΩZ- n(-A)s‚ kaq-lw-˛k - w-t_m-[\ - b- m-Wv. Cu
aq∂p hn`m-Kß - sf kw_-‘n-®p-ap≈ ]cm-a¿iw ""\mw Xudm-Øh - X
- c- n-∏n-
®p. AXn¬ k∑m¿Khpw {]Im-ih - p-ap≠v'' F∂pw ""Ah¿°p-sXm´p ]nºn-
embn \mw a¿b-ans‚ ]p{X≥ Cukmsb \ntbm-Kn®p'' F∂pw ""\mw \n\°p
{KŸw Ah-Xc - n-∏n®p X∂p'' F∂p-ap≈ hmIy-ßf - n¬ apºp h∂p-sh-∂p-
≈-XmWv sXfn-hv. ]n∂o-SmWv ]d-™Xv ""\nß-fn¬ Hmtcm hn`m-KØ - n\pw
\mw {]tXyIw in¿-AØpw an≥lmPpw \n¿W-bn-®p-X∂ - n-cn-°p∂p'' F∂v.
hnhn[ "ico-AØp'IfmWv Dt±-iyw. Xudm-Øn\v Hcp ico-AØ - p-≠.v C©o-
en\v Hcp ico-A-Øp≠v. Jp¿-B-\n\v Hcp ico-A-Øp-≠v.) (X-^vko-dp¬
I_o¿ hmfyw 3, t]Pv 412, 413)
C_v\p Iko¿ Fgp-Xp∂p:
130
(Xulo-Zn¬ GIo-I-cn-®n-´p-≈Xpw \nb-a-ß-fn¬ hyXymkw ]pe¿Øp-

∂Xpw A√mlp ZqX-∑msc \ntbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-Xp-amb am¿K-ß-sf-˛-i-dm-
C-A-v˛ ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v hyXykvX aX-k-aq-l-ßsf Dt±-in®p \S-
Øn-bn-´p≈ Hcp {]kvXm-h-as{X CXv; A_q-lpd-bvd(-d)-bn¬\n∂v
_pJmcn D≤-cn-®-Xmbn At±-l-Øns‚ klo-ln¬ ÿnc-s∏-´-t]m-
se: A√m-lp-hns‚ ZqX≥ Acp-fn-s®-bvXn-cn-°p∂p: ""Rßƒ, {]hm-
N-I-∑m¿ hnhn[ amXm-°ƒ°p ]nd∂ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cm-Wv. Rß-fpsS
Zo≥ H∂m-Wv.'' A√mlp apgph≥ {]hm-N-I-∑m-scbpw Ab-®n-´p-≈Xpw
apgp-h≥ {KŸ-ß-fnepw Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-´p-≈Xpw GsXmcp Xulo-
ZmtWm B Xulo-ZmWv Dt±-iyw. ""Rm≥ am{Xta Cem-lp≈q F∂pw
F\n°p C_m-ZØp sNøpI F∂pw ktµiw \evIn-s°m-≠-√msX
Xm¶ƒ°p apºv H‰ ZqX-s\bpw \mw \ntbm-Kn-®n-ń√'' F∂pw ""A√m-
lp-hn\v C_m-ZØv sNøp-I, XzmKq-Øns\ shSn-bpI F∂o \n¿tZ-i-
ß-fp-ambn apgph≥ kaq-l-ß-fnepw \mw ZqX-∑msc \ntbm-Kn-®n-
´ps≠''∂pw A√mlp ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p-h-t√m. F∂m¬ ico-A-Øp-
Iƒ, \n¿tZ-i-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn-em-bmepw \ntcm-[-\-ß-fpsS Imcy-
Øn-em-bmepw hyXy-kvX-ß-fm-Wv. Hcp Imcyw Hcp ico-A-Øn¬ \njn-
≤-am-sW-¶n¬ as‰m-∂n¬ A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amhpw. adn-®p-ap-≠v. Nne-t∏mƒ
Hcp Imcyw Hcp ico-A-Øn¬ kc-f-am-sW-¶n¬ as‰m-∂n¬ I¿°-i-
am-hmw. A√m-lp-hn\v CXn-se√mw Xs∂ D∂-X-amb bp‡nbpw [n°m-
cnsb ap´p-Ip-Øn-°m≥ t]m∂ \ymb-hp-ap≠v F∂-XmWv Imc-Ww.
JXmZ ]d- ™ - X mbn kCu- Z p_v \ p A_o Adp- _ D≤- c n- ° p∂p:
""\nß- f n¬ Hmtcm hn`m- K - Ø n\pw \mw {]tXyIw in¿- A Øpw
an≥lmPpw \n›-bn-®p-X-∂n-cn-°p∂p'' F∂-Xns‚ hnh£ am¿Khpw
Ncy-bp-am-Wv. Ncy-Iƒ hyXy-kvX-ß-fm-Wv. AXv Xudm-Øn¬ Hcp
ico-A-sØ-¶n¬ C©o-en¬ thsdmcp ico-A-Øm-hpw. ^p¿Jm-\n¬
AXv as‰m-∂m-hpw. Ah-bn-sem-s°-Xs∂ A√m-lp, Ah-\p-t±-in-®Xv
A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p. Ah-\p-t±-in-®Xv \njn-≤-am-°p-∂p. Xs∂ A\p-k-
cn-°p-∂-hcpw [n°-cn-°p-∂-hcpw Bscm-s°-bm-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm-\m-
WXv. A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ kzoIm-cy-am-b Htc-sbmcp Zo≥, XuloZpw
CJvem-kp-am-W-Xv. AXp-am-bmWv A√mlp F√m {]hm-N-I-∑m-scbpw
\ntbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.''(C_v\p Iko¿ 2/66)
Zo\pw ico-AØpw H∂-√, c≠pw c≠v kwK-Xn-If - m-sW∂v F{X kv]jvS-
am-bmWv ]q¿h-Ime ]fin-X∑ - m¿ ka¿Yn-®n-cn-°p-∂X - .v Xßƒ Xs∂ BZ-
cn-°p-Ibpw B[m-ca - m-°p-Ibpw sNbvX ]q¿hnI ^pJ-lm-°fpw ap^-n-
dp-Ifpw hy‡-ambn hni-Zo-Ic - n-®, Zo\pw ico-AØpw XΩn-ep≈ A¥cw
t]mepw Adn-bm-Øh - ¿ alm-]fi - n-X∑
- m¿ Na™v AJo-Zb - n¬ ]ng-®h
- sc
Is≠Øn Alvep-p-∂-Øn¬\n∂pw Ckvem-an¬\n∂pw ]pd-Øm°n
Zo\ns\ c£n-°m-\n-dß - p∂Xpw B b⁄-Øn¬ A⁄-Xs - b- Bbp-[a
- m-
°p-∂Xpw e÷m-hl - a - m-Ip-∂p.
131
hfsc°me-ambn auenI {]m[m-\y-ap≈ Cu kmt¶-XnI ]Z-ßƒ

XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw N¿®m hnt[-b-am-Im-dn-√. X∂n-anØw Zo\pw
ico-AØpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘hpw A¥-chpw ]ma-c-P-\-ßƒ°p am{X-
a- √ , ]fin- fl m¿°p- t ]mepw A⁄m- X - a m- b n- Ø o¿∂n- c n- ° p- ∂ p.
AXmWv "JpØp-_mØn'epw a‰p {KŸ-ß-fnepw auZqZn C°mcyw
hni-Z-ambn N¿® sNbvX-t∏mƒ ]ecpw At±-lsØ FXn¿°m≥ Imc-
Ww. hna¿i-I≥ Fgp-Xp-∂Xp ImWpI:
""auZq-Zn-bpsS hmZw Zo\pw ico-AØpw H∂-s√-∂m-Wv. auZqZn Fgp-
Xp∂p: F∂m¬ Zo\pw ico-AØpw H∂m-sW∂v {Kln-®p-sh® ]c-a-hn-
UvVn-If - m-Is´ am¿K-Øn-ep≈ Cu `n∂n-∏p-Isf...'' (Jp-Xp-_mØv ae-bmfw
]Xn∏v t]Pv 125) Zo\ns‚ AC-ΩØ - p-Isf hnUvVn-Iƒ F∂v hnfn-°p-∂-
Xn¬ Hcp kt¶m-Nhpw Cu a\p-jy-Pohn ImWn-°m-dn-s√-∂-Xn∂v Hcp-Zm-
l-cWw IqSn-bmWo hmIyw.''(P-am-AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-
\-hpw t]Pv 42)
Hcp hmIyw \Sp-°p-sh-s®-Sp-°pI am{X-a√ - , _m°n `mKw apgp-an-°m≥
hsc an\-s°-Sm-sX-bmWv auZqZn AC-ΩØ - n-s\-hsc hnUvVn-If - m-°p-∂p-
sh∂v hna¿iI≥ Bt{Im-in-°p-∂-Xv. auZqZn AC-Ω-Øn-s\-bm-tWm,
AtXm CØcw "]fin-X-∑msc'bmtWm hnUvVn-I-sf∂v hnfn-®-sX∂v
At±-l-Øns‚ hmIyw Xo¿Øpw hmbn-®m¬ t_m[y-am-Ipw.
auZqZn ]d-bp∂p: ""kplr-Øp-°-tf, "Zo\pw ico-AØpw' XΩn-ep≈
hyXymkw Ct∏mƒ \nßƒ \√-t]mse {Kln®pI-gn-™p. am{X-a-√, Hcp
apkvenw GsXmcp am¿K-a\ - p-kc- n®v {]h¿Øn-°p-∂pt≠m B am¿K-amWv
A√m-lphpw dkqepw \n¿tZ-in-®n-´p-≈s - X∂v Abmƒ Bflm¿Y-ambn hniz-
kn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Xm≥ ssIs°m≠ am¿Kw as‰mcp apkvenw ssIsIm≠
am¿K-hp-am-bn, auen-I-am-b-√msX, Iptd-sbms° hyXym-k-s∏-SpI kw`-
hy-am-sW∂pw I¿a-am¿K-Øn-ep≈ Cu hyXym-kw-sIm≠v Zo\n¬ bmsXmcp
`n∂n∏pw kw`-hn-°p-∂n-s√∂pw CXn¬\n∂v \nßƒ Adn™p Ign-™p.
""C\n Zo\pw ico-AØpw XΩn-ep≈ Cu hyXymkw {Kln-°m-Xn-cn-°p-
∂Xp \nanØw apkvenw-If - n¬ DZv`h- n® \mi-Zq-jy-ßs - f-°p-dn®pw Aev]-
sam∂v hni-Zo-Ic - n°mw:
""apkvenw-I-fn¬ \a-kvIm-c-I¿aw A\p-jvTn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Nn√d hyXym-
k-ßƒ C∂p \mw I≠p-h-cp-∂p-≠v. Nne¿ s\©Øpw Nne¿ \m`n°pw
ssIsI-´p-∂p. Nne¿ Cam-ans‚ ]n∂n¬ "^mØnl' HmXp-∂h - c- m-sW-¶n¬
Nne¿ HmXm-Ø-h-cmWv; "Bao≥' Nne¿ D®-Ønepw Nne¿ ]Xp-s°bpw
]d-bp-∂p. F∂m¬ CXn¬ Hmtcm am¿Khpw Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂h - ¿ B am¿K-
amWv \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n \n¿tZ-in-®-sX∂v \njvI-f-¶-ambn {Kln-®p-sIm-≠p-
X-s∂-bmWv AXv kzoI-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. AXn-\m¬ \a-kvImcw A\p-jvTn-
°p-∂X - ns‚ hgn-Iƒ Aev]mev]w hyXy-kX v a
- m-sW-¶nepw {]kvXpX hn`m-
K-°m-sc√mw \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-sb-Ø-s∂-bm-Wv amXr-Im-]p-cp-j-\mbn
kzoI-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. F∂m¬ "Zo\pw' "ico-AØpw' H∂m-sW∂v {Kln-®p-
132
sh® ]c-a-hn-UvVn-I-fm-I-s´, "ico-AØn'ep≈ Cu `n∂n-∏p-Isf Zo\n-

ep≈ `n∂n-∏p-I-sf∂v sX‰n-≤-cn®p! XZv^-e-ambn Hmtcm hn`m-K-°mcpw
{]tXyIw kwL-S-\-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-®p-Xp-S-ßn. ]≈n-Iƒ sht∆-sd-
bm°n; Hcp I£n-°m¿ as‰ I£n-°msc Bt£-]n-°m≥ I®-sI-ń-
bn-dßn; FXn¿I-£n-Isf ]≈n-I-fn¬\n∂v Bń-tbm-Sn-°m≥t]mepw
Nne¿ apXn¿∂p XpS-ßn. tImS-Xn-I-fn¬ ]c-kv]cw A\ymbw t_m[n-
∏n-°p-Ibpw, FXn¿I-£n-Isf Aa¿Øp-hm-\mbn \oNm¬ \oN-am¿K-
ßƒ ssIs°m-≈p-Ibpw sNbvXp; X∑qew \_n Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS "GI
kap- Z mbw' ]£- ] m- X - Ø n- s ‚bpw I£n- a - ’ - c - Ø n- s ‚bpw t]cn¬
Xp≠w-Xp-≠-am-bn-Øo¿∂p! Ie-l-{]n-b-∑mcpw Ie-l-t{]-c-I-∑mcpw
CXp-sIm≠pw Xr]vXn-b-S-™n-√. shdpw \nmc kwK-Xn-Isf ASn-
ÿm- \ - a m°n a‰p- ≈ - h sc, "Im^nsd'∂pw "^mkn- s J'∂pw "ap\m-
^nsJ'∂pw hn[n I¬]n-®p. Hcp hy‡n°p hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬\nt∂m
\_n-Nc - y-bn¬\nt∂m Xs‚ {Kl-Wi - ‡ - n-b\ - p-kc - n®v h√Xpw a\-n-em-hp-
∂-]£w AXv A\p-kc- n®v {]h¿Øn-°p-∂X - p-sIm≠v Xr]vX\ - m-hmsX Xm≥
{Kln-®-X-\p-k-cn®v \S-°p-hm≥ A\ysc \n¿_-‘n-°p-Ibpw Aßs\
\n¿_-‘n-t°-≠Xp Xs‚ I¿Ø-hy-am-sW-∂p-IqSn Icp-Xp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
Xs‚ A`n-{]m-bsØ h√-bmfpw Xnc-kI v c- n-®p-sh∂v h∂m¬ Abmsf A√m-
lp-hns‚ Zo\n¬\n∂p Xs∂ _ln-jvIc - n-°p-hm\pw aSn-°p-∂n√!''(Jp-Xp-
_m-Øv t]Pv 156-˛158)
hna¿i-I≥ ]d-bp-∂t- ]m-se, Zo\ns‚ AC-ΩØ - n-s\-b√ - , adn®v \ΩpsS
ImesØ ]m¿ń-]£ - ]- m-Xn-Is
- f-bmWv auZqZn hnUvVn-Is - f∂v hnfn-®s - X∂v
kmam\yw Zo¿L-amb Cu D≤-cWn hmbn-°p∂ \njv]£ - a- X- n-bmb GsXm-
cmƒ°pw t_m[y-amhpw. C°m-eØ - p≈ ]fin-X∑ - msct∏mse Cam-ap-am¿
]¥n-hn-tcm-[hpw ]≈n-hn-tcm-[hpw sh®p-]p-e¿Øp-∂h - c- m-bn-cp-∂n-√t- √m.
hna¿i-I≥ JpØp-_m-Ønse D≤-cW - n-bn¬ \S-Ønb as‰mcp ssI{Inb
IqSn {i≤n-t°-≠X - m-Wv. ""F∂m¬ Zo\pw ico-AØpw H∂m-sW∂v {Kln-
®p-sh® ]c-ah - n-UvVn-If - m-Is´ ico-AØ - n-ep≈ Cu `n∂n-∏p-Isf'' F∂
JpXp-_m-Ønse hmIy-Øn¬\n∂v ico-AØ - n-ep≈ F∂Xp am¿K-Øn-ep≈
F∂m°n am‰n-bX - m-WX - .v auZq-Znsb hna¿in-°m-\m-sW-¶n¬ Cßs\ Xcm-
Xcw hm°p-Ifpw Bi-bß - fpw am‰n {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv henb kXy-k‘ - -
X-bmImw!
auZqZn Zo\ns\ tÃ‰n-t\m-Sp-]a - n-®X - mWv as‰m-cm-t£-]w. hna¿i-I≥
Fgp-Xp∂p:
""F∂m¬ Zo≥ F∂Xv `c-WI - q-Sw, tÃ‰v Fs∂√mw t]¿sh®p AXp
am‰-an-√m-ØXpw ico-AØv Hmtcm \_n-am-cp-tSXpw amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂
\nb-a-ßƒ BsW-∂p-amWv auZqZn ka¿Yn-°p-∂-Xv.'' JpXp-_m-Ønse
Hcp hmIyw D≤-cn-®-tijw hna¿i-I≥ ho≠pw Fgp-Xp∂p:
""At∏mƒ \ΩpsS Zo≥ F∂m¬ auZq-Zn-bpsS `mj-bn¬ C¥y≥ tÃ‰v
133
F∂m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. CsXmcp ]pXnb hmZ-am-sW∂pw AXn\v kz¥w

"CPvXn-lmZv? A√msX a‰p sXfn-hp-I-fn-s√∂pw D]cn kqNn-X-e-£y-ß-
fn¬\n∂pw hmb-\° - m¿ {Kln-®n-cn-°p-sa∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p.''(P-am-AsØ
Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\h - pw t]Pv 43)
Zo\ns\ tÃ‰n-t\m-Sp-]-an-®-Xn¬ auZq-Zn°p Ft¥m òam-_≤w ]nW-
™n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂m-Wt√m hna¿i-I-a-Xw. Bcy-s\-gpØv ]Tn-°p-∂Xv
ldm-am-sW∂pw Cw•ojv \c-I-Ønse `mj-bm-sW-∂p-sams° hniz-
kn-®-Xn≥ ê-ambn euInI hn⁄m-\o-b-ßƒ Ic-ÿ-am-°m≥ Ign-
bmsX t]mb-h¿°v B[p-\nI kmaq-lnI kmt¶-XnI {]tbm-K-ßƒ
a\-n-em-hp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ AZv`p-X-s∏-Sm-\n-√. Ckvemw Hcp {]ÿm-\-
am-Wv, PohnX hyh-ÿ-bmWv F∂pw a‰p-ap≈ Pam-AsØ Ckvem-
an-bpsS {]tbm-K-ßfpw ]≠n-h¿°v Zln-®n-cp-∂n-√. F¶nepw C∂-h¿
AXv G‰p]d-bm≥ XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p-h-t√m. A{Xbpw \√-Xv. ASpØ
`mhn-bn¬ Xs∂ Zo≥-˛-tÃ‰v Bi-b-°p-g-∏hpw \oßn-t∏m-Ip-sa∂v {]Xo-
£n-°mw.
{]]© \mY-\mb A√mlp a\p-jy\v \evInb PohnX hyh-ÿb - mWv
Zo\p¬ Ckv e mw. C°mcyw hna¿i- I cpw AwKo- I - c n- ° m- s X- b - √ .
"aZvl_p'Imc≥ Fgp-Xp∂p:
""Ckvemw tIhew Hcp ùXnI {]ÿm-\tam shdpw Hcp Bflob
{]ÿm-\tam A√-X-s∂. adn®v Pohn-X-Øns‚ km¿h-{XnI Xpd-I-fnepw
AXn\v hy‡hpw hkvXp-\n-jvThp-amb ho£-W-ßfpw A`n-{]m-b-ß-fp-
ap-≠v. a\p-jys\ krjvSn-°p-Ibpw krjvSn-Pm-e-ß-fn¬sh-t®-‰hpw D∂-
X-amb ]Zhn \evIp-Ibpw _lp-am-\n-®m-Zc - n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX {]]-©\ - m-
Y-\mb A√mlp am\-hk - a - p-Zm-bØ
- n\v Hcp Pohn-X{- I-ahpw Nn´bpw G¿s∏-
Sp-Øp-Ibpw {]Zm\w sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v... Npcp-°Ø - n¬ ]cn-ip≤
Ckvemw [m¿an-I-cw-KØv hf-sc-tbsd ]cn-]q¿W-amb ]cn-h¿Ø\w
krjvSn® Hcp kºq¿W Pohn-Xh - y-hÿ- n-Xn-bm-sW∂v {]tXyIw ]d-tb-
≠-Xn-√-t√m.''(C-kvemapw auZq-Zn-a-Zvl-_pw t]Pv 6˛9)
F∂m¬ Gsd Ime-ambn apkvenw-Iƒ cmjv{So-b-cw-K-Øp-\n∂v AI-
‰n-\n-dp-Ø-s∏-SpI ImcWw Ckvem-anI \nb-a-ßƒ {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°m≥
Ah¿°v Ah-kcw e`n-°p-∂n-s√∂v am{X-a√ - , Ckvem-ta-Xc \nb-aß - f - psS
Icn-\n-ge- n¬ Ign-™p-Iq-Sm≥ Ah¿ \n¿_-‘n-Xc - m-hp-II- qSn sNbvXp. ]Xn-
\©pw ]Xn-\mdpw \q‰m-≠p-If - n¬ bqtdm-]y≥ \mSp-If - n¬ B™p-ho-inb,
aXhpw cmjv{Shpw XΩn¬ _‘-an-s√∂pw aXw cmjv{So-b-Øn¬ CS-s]-
´p-Iq-sS-∂p-ap≈ Ckvemw hncp≤ ]m›m-Xy≥ Nn¥bv°p apkvenw-I-fn¬
{]Nmcw Inń-bXv AXn\pw ]pd-sa-bm-Wv. ê-sa-¥mbn? kmaqly- km-º-
ØnI cmjv{So-bc - w-Kß- f - n-sem∂pw Ckvem-an∂v {]tXy-In-s®m∂pw ]d-bm-
\n-s√∂v apkvenw-Iƒ hniz-kn®p him-bn. \a-kvIm-cw, t\mºv, l÷v
XpS-ßn-bp≈ Bcm-[\ - m-I¿a-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-®m¬, a\p-jy≥ Ckvem-ans‚
apgp-h≥ \nb-a-ßfpw A\p-jvTn®p Ign-s™∂ [mcW ]c-∂p. CXn¬
134
]finX ]mac hyXymkw H´p-an-√. ]fin-Xs‚ ]mfinXyw \a-kvIm-

c-˛-t\m-ºm-Zn-I¿a-ß-fp-ambn am{Xw _‘-s∏´ GXm\pw akv-A-e-I-
fn¬ ]cn-an-X-ambn. alm-\mb aplvbn-±o≥ ssiJns‚ B K¿P\w
Chsc t\m°n-bm-bn-cp-∂pthm F∂v kwi-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ H´pw A]m-
I-X-bn-√. At±lw ]d-bpIbp-≠mbn:
(Ipó, InXm_pw kp∂Øpw apdp-sI-∏n-Sn-°-W-sa∂pw Ah c≠n-\p-

samØp {]h¿Øn-°-W-sa∂pw I¿a-Øn¬ \njvI-f-¶X ]pe¿Ø-
W-sa∂pw Rm≥ \nt∂mSv hnh-cn®p ]d-™p-h-t√m. \nß-fpsS ]fin-
X-∑msc ]ºc hnUvVn-Ifpw sshcm-Kn-Isf ùXn-I-]q-P-Icpw Zpc-
bp-≈-hcpw krjvSn-Isf B{i-bn-°p-∂-hcpw, {]Xm-]-hm\pw D∂-X-
\p-amb ]c-a-k-Xy-hm-s\-˛-A-√m-lp-hn-s\˛ hnkva-cn-°p-∂-hcpw A√m-
lp-h-√m-Ø-h-cn¬ hnizmkw sIm≈p-∂-hcpw {]hm-N-I-\n¬\n∂v D≤-
cn-®p-h∂ im]-Øn-∂n-c-bm-b-h-cp-am-bmWv Rm≥ ImWp-∂-Xv. Ahn-S-
∂-cpfn: Xs∂-t∏m-ep≈ krjvSn-bn¬ hnizm-k-a¿∏n-°p-∂-h≥ A`n-
i-]vX-\-s{X. Ahn-S-∂-cpfn: krjvSn-bn¬ t{ibv ImWp-∂-h≥ \nµy-
\m-bn.) (A¬^-Xvlp¿d-∫m\n)
Zo\n-s\-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-tºmƒ ]q¿W Zo\mWv \ΩpsS apºn-ep-≠m-bn-
cn-t°-≠Xv; a\p-jy-Po-hn-XØ
- ns‚ cwK-ßf - J
- n-eØ
- nepw hy‡-amb \n¿tZ-
i-ßf - p-≈, A√mlp apl-ΩZv \_n(-k) aptJ\ \evIn-bn-´p≈ PohnX hyh-
ÿ-bm-Ip∂ Zo≥.
XmXzn-Ia - mbn A√m-lp-hns‚ "Zo≥' AwKo-Ic - n® P\-hn-`m-Ks
- Ø-s°m-
≠v Ahs‚ \nb-aß - ƒ A\p-jvTn-∏n-°pI Zo\ns‚ Xs∂ Xm¬]-cy-am-Wv.
(Jp¿-B≥ sIm≠v hi-s∏-Sm-ØXv A√mlp A[n-Imcw sIm≠v hi-s∏-

Sp-Øpw) F∂mWv lZo-kv.
kmt¶-XnI {]tbm-Kß
- ƒ F√m `mj-If - n-ep-ap-≠.v AØcw ]Z-ßƒ°v
Ah-bpsS kmt¶-Xn-Im¿Yw am{Xta \evIm-hq. `mjm \nL-≠p-hn¬
t\m°n-bm-hc
- pXv A¿Yw ]d-bp-∂X- .v hyh-ÿm-]nX \nb-aØ - n-\\ - p-kr-Xa
- m-
bp≈ a\p-jys‚ {]h¿Ø-\w, am\-hs - ]-cp-am-‰sØ {Iao-Ic - n-°p∂ ]≤Xn
F∂o A¿Y-ßfn¬ Zo\pw tÃ‰pw GI-tZiw H∂m-sW∂v ]d-™m¬
AXn¬ bmsXm-c-]m-I-X-bp-an-√. tÃ‰ns‚ LS-I-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-
tºmgpw AXp-Xs∂bmWv ÿnXn.
135
\nb-a-\n¿am-Ww, \n¿h-l-Ww, \oXn-∂ymbw F∂o LS-I-ß-f-S-

ßp∂ Hcp `c-W-Iq-Shpw B `c-W-Iq-SsØ AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ Hcp
P\-Xbpw \nbaw \S-∏m-°m-\m-h-iy-amb \n¿WnX `q`m-Khpw. C{X-
bp-amWv tÃ‰ns‚ LS-I-ßƒ. Ckvem-ans‚ hn`m-h-\-bn-ep-ap≠v Cu
LS-I-ß-sf√mw Xs∂. \nb-a-\n¿am-Xmhv A√m-lp-X-s∂. Ahs‚
{]mXn-\n[yw Gs‰-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v Jeo^ B \nbaw \S-∏n¬ hcp-
Øp-∂p. ssZh-\n¿tZ-i-ßƒs°mØv JmZn (\ym-bm-[n-]≥) hn[n-°p-
∂p. A√m-lp-hns‚ \nbaw AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ Hcp P\-Xbpw Ah¿°v
A[n-h-kn-°m≥ Hcp \mSpw-th-Ww. B P\-X-bmWv apkvenw-Iƒ.
Ah¿ A[n-h-kn-°p∂ {]tZiw B `q`m-K-hpw. apkvenw-Iƒ a\p-jy-
cm-Wv. Ah-cpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ {Iao-I-cn-°p-∂Xv Ckvem-am-Wv. Bh-
Ww. AXmWv Zo≥ tÃ‰mWv F∂v ]d-™-Xns‚ s]mcpƒ. A°mcyw
auZqZn hnh- c n- ° p- ∂ Xv C{]- I m- c - a mWv : ""A√m- l p- h m- I p∂ D∂X
i‡n°p Iogvs]-´p-sIm≠v Ahs‚ \nb-a-ßƒ \S-∏m-°p∂ Hcp
Kh¨sa‚pw AX-\p-k-cn-°p∂ {]P-I-fp-ap≈ H∂n-\mWv Zo≥ F∂v
]d-bp-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv A√m-lp-hns‚ ]c-am-[n-Imcw AwKo-I-cn-°p-
∂, Ahs‚ \nb-a-ßƒ \S-∏m-°p∂ Hcp tÃ‰mWv Ckvemw.''
a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Ønse apgp-h≥ {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw \nb-{¥n-°p-
Ibpw {Iao-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]≤-Xn-bmWv C∂sØ A¿Y-
Øn¬ tÃ‰v. Zo\p¬ Ckvem-ans‚ Ah-ÿbpw as‰m-∂-√. Bcm-[-\-
Ifpw ZnIv¿-˛-Hu-dm-Zp-Ifpw am{X-a√ Zo≥. Pohn-X-Ønse apgp-h≥ {]iv\-
ßƒ°pw hy‡-amb \n¿tZiw \evIp-∂p≠v AXv. Zo\ns‚ ]q¿W-
amb kwÿm-]\w apkvenw-I-fpsS _m[y-X-bp-am-Wv.
""Pam-AsØ Ckveman Hcp ip≤ cmjv{Sob ]m¿ń-bmWv; Ah-cpsS
e£yw `c-Wa- m-W.v ]c-temIw Ah¿s°mcp {]iv\t- a-b√ - . Ckvemw e£y-
am-°p-∂Xv a\p-jys‚ ]c-temI tam£-amWv''˛ Pam-AØ - n-s\-Xn-cn¬ hna¿i-
I¿ sXmSp-Øp-hn-Sp∂ Hcm-tcm-]W - a - m-Wn-X.v kwKXn D≈-Xp-t]mse a\-n-
em-°p-It- bm, AtX-]Sn Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂X - n\v ]Icw C√mØ
Bt£-]ß - ƒ sa\-s™-SpØv s]mSn∏pw sXmßepw sh®v Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p-
I-bs{X C°q-ć - psS tPmen.
a\p-jys‚ cmjv{So-b-cw-Khpw as‰-√mw-t]m-se-Øs∂ Xulo-Zp-ambn
_‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂mWv Ckvem-ans‚ A[ym-]\w. Xulo-sZ-∂m¬
Bcm-[\ - bpw {]m¿Y-\bpw am{Xw A√m-lp-hn-\m-bn-cn-°p-Is - b-∂√; A√m-
lp-hn\v am{Xw A¿l-Xs - ∏´ A[n-Im-cm-hI - m-iß
- ƒ apgp-h≥ Ah∂v hI-
sh®p sImSp-°p-Ibpw a‰m¿°pw AXn-ee - ]
v hpw ]¶m-fnØw \evImXncn°-
ep-amWv Xulo-Zv. A√m-lp-hns‚ kØ-bn-ep≈ ]¶m-fnØw am{X-a-√,
Ahs‚ KpW-ßf - nepw {]h¿Ø-\ß - f- n-ep-ap≈ ]¶m-fn-Øhpw H∏w-Xs∂
\ntj-[n-°s - ∏-SW
- w. At∏mƒ am{Xta XuloZv ]q¿W-am-hp-Ib - p-≈q. A√m-
lp-hn-∂p≈ sXmÆq-s‰m-ºXv KpW-ßƒ FÆn-∏-d-bp-∂p≠v Jp¿-B\pw
lZo-kpw. Ah apgp-h≥ AwKo-I-cn-°-Ww. At∏mƒ am{Xta XuloZv
136
icn-bm-sb∂pw ]q¿W-am-sb∂pw ]d-bm≥ ]‰q. lmInw (\n-b-a-\n¿am-

Xm-hv) F∂Xv A√m-lp-hn\p am{X-ap≈ Hcp KpW-am-Wv. a\p-jy\v
Bcm-[y-\mbn A√mlp am{X-am-Wp-≈-sX-∂-t]m-se-Øs∂ \nb-a-Zm-
Xm-hmbpw A√mlp am{X-ta-bp-≈q. Jp¿-B\pw lZokpw Dkq-en(-\n-
Zm-\-im-kv{Xw) s‚ {KŸ-ßfpw C°mcyw {]kv]-jvS-ambn hy‡-am-
°n-bn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. Xulo-Zns‚ Cusbm-cp-hiw Xo¿Øpw Ah-K-Wn-
®p-I-f-bp-∂Xv G‰hpw henb A_-≤-am-Wv. X\n \nco-iz-c-˛-\n¿aX
{]ÿm-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpI am{X-a-√, Ah-bpsS {]h¿Ø-Icpw
{]Nm-c-I-cp-am-bn-cp-∂m¬ t]mepw Rß-fpsS Cuam-\n\pw Xulo-Zn\pw
bmsXmcp hn[ t]md-ep-ta¬°p-I-bn-s√∂p hsc C∂v Nne apkvenw
ktlm-Z-c-ßƒ [cn-®p-h-im-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Cu Ah-K-W-\-s°-
Xnsc i_vZ-ap-b¿Øp-Ibpw Zo\ns\ a\p-jy-Po-hnXw apgp-h≥ Dƒs°m-
≈p∂ Hcp GI-I-ambn ImWp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Ckvem-anI {]ÿm-\-
amWv Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an. BZ¿ihpw Bcm-[-\bpw am{X-a-√,
cmjv{So-bhpw AXns‚ `mK-am-W.v F√m-‰n-s\-°p-dn®pw A√m-lp-hns‚ apºn¬
kam-[m\w ]d-bW - w.
auZqZn AXn-{]-Imcw hy‡-am-°p∂p: ""AXn\pw ]pd-ta, {]]-©-
tØbpw a\p-jy-t\bpw Ipdn-®p≈ Ckvem-ans‚ hn`m-h\ - Ø
- n¬ [m¿anI
\nb-aØ- n\p ]n∂n¬ A\n-hm-cy-ambpw D≠m-bn-cn-t°≠ B⁄m-i‡ - nbpw
ÿnXn sNøp-∂p-≠v. ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ `bw, ]c-tem-IØ - n¬ DØcw
t_m[n-∏n-t°-Ws - a∂ t_m[w, imiz-X`- mhn \mi-aS- ™ - p-t]m-Ip-∂X - n-ep≈
Bi¶ F∂n-hb - m-WX - .v kmaq-ly-Po-hn-XØ - n¬ [m¿anI kn≤m-¥ß - ƒ ]men-
°m≥ hy‡n-It- fbpw ]m¿ń-It- fbpw \n¿_-‘n-°p-∂X - n-\p≈ i‡n kw`-
cn-°m\pw s]mXp-P\ - m-`n-{]mbw cq]o-Ic- n-°m\pw [m¿anI \nb-aß - sf i‡n-
]q¿hw \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øp∂ Hcp kmaq-ly-hy-hÿ ÿm]n-°m\pw Ckvemw
Dt±-in-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw AØcw _mly-t{]-cW - I- f
- √
- , adn®v A√m-lp-hnepw
]c-tem-IØ - n-ep-ap≈ hnizm-kØ - n¬ A¥¿`-hn-®p-In-S° - p∂ B¥-cob t{]c-
W-sb-bmWv bYm¿Y-Øn¬ AXv Ah-ew-_a - m-°p-∂X - v. [m¿anI imk-\-
Iƒ \evIp-∂-Xn∂p apºp-Xs∂ Ckvemw a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-Øn¬ C°m-cy-
ßƒ ASn-bp-d∏ - n-°p-∂p. "F√m ÿeØpw F√m ka-bØpw \ns∂ ho£n-
®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ssZh-hp-ambn´mWv hmkvXh - Ø- n¬ \ns‚ CS-]mSv; apgp-
tem-IØ - p-\n∂pw Hcp-]t£ \n\°p ad-bm≥ Ign-™mepw Ahs‚ ZrjvSn-
bn¬\n∂pw ad-bm≥ \n\°p km[y-a√; temIsØ apgp-h\pw h©n-°m≥
km[n-®mepw Ahs\ h©n-°pI km[y-a√ - . temI-Øp-\n-s∂√mw \o HmSn
c£-s∏-´mepw Ahs‚ ]nSn-ØØ - n¬\n∂p c£-s∏´p Fhn-sSbpw t]mIm≥
Ign-bp-Ib- n√; temIw \ns‚ _mly-\ne am{X-amWv ImWp-∂X - v. F∂m¬
ssZhw \ns‚ hnNm-cß - fpw Dt±-iy-ßfpw IqSn Adn-bp-∂p≠v; Cl-tem-I-
Ønse Aev]P - o-hn-XØ - n¬ \o F¥p Xs∂ {]h¿Øn-®mepw Hcp Znhkw
\n\°p acn-t°-≠X - p≠v; h°m-etØm ssI°q-entbm in]m¿itbm I≈-
km-£ytam h©-\tbm IpX-{¥tam H∂pw hne-t∏m-Im-ØXpw \ns‚ `mhn-
137
sb-°p-dn®v \njv]-£-ambn hn[n-I-ev]n-°p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp tImS-Xn-bn¬

\n\°p lmP-cm-tI-≠-Xp-ap≠v' Cu hnizmkw ASn-bp-d-∏n-°pI aptJ\
Hmtcm a\p-jy-s‚bpw lrZ-bØ - n¬ Hmtcm t]meo-ktv Ã-j≥ ÿm]n-°p-I-
bmWv Ckvemw sNøp-∂X - .v ]pdØv Ahs\ \n¿_-‘n-°p-hm≥ t]meotkm
tImS-Xntbm Pbntem D≠m-bmepw Cs√-¶nepw \nbaw ]men-°m≥ AXp-
aqew Ah≥ \n¿_-‘n-X\ - mbnØocp-∂X - m-W.v Ckvem-ans‚ [m¿anI \nb-
a-ßƒ \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øm≥ Ah-bpsS ]n∂n¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ km£m¬
i‡nbpw CXp-Xs - ∂-bm-Wv. s]mXp-P\
- m-`n-{]m-bØ
- n-s‚bpw `c-WI
- q-SØ
- n-
s‚bpw klm-bhpw IqSn AXn∂p e`n-°-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXp hfsc
\√-Xp-Xs∂; F∂m¬ lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ Cuam≥ hmkvX-h-Øn¬ thcp-
d-®n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ {]kvXpX hnizmkw Xs∂ apkvenw hy‡n-I-sfbpw
apkvenw kap-Zm-b-sØbpw t\¿h-gn°p \S-Øp-hm≥ Ign-hp-‰-Xm-Wv.''(C-
kvem-ans‚ Pohn-X-hy-h-ÿ t]Pv 13-˛15)
CXp auZq-Zn-bp-sStbm Pam-A-Øn-s‚tbm ]pXnb I≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-
sam-∂p-a-√. Ckvem-anI cmjv{So-b-sØ-°p-dn®pw {]mtbm-KnI Xe-
Øn¬ AXns‚ apJy LS-I-amb Ckvem-anI Kh¨sa‚ v ˛`-c-W-Iq-
Sw˛ cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂Xp kw_-‘n-®p-ap≈ Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬ Pam-
A-Øns‚ \ne-]mSv IqSn-bm-Wv. AXv AwKo-I-cn-°pI am{Xta A°m-
cy-Ønepw Pam-AsØ Ckveman sNbvXn-´p-≈q. Alvep-p-∂Øn
h¬ Pam-A-Øns‚ AJo-Zm(-hn-izm-k-{]-am-W) {KŸ-ambn tIc-f-Øn¬
]cs° ]Tn-∏n-°-s∏-´p-h-cp∂ "i¿lp¬ AJm-CZn'¬ ]d-bp∂p:
(cmjv{S-\m-bI- s\ \n›-bn-°¬ \n¿_-‘a - m-sW∂ Imcy-Øn¬ CPvam-D-

≠v. B _m[yX A√m-lp-hn-t‚-XmtWm krjvSn-I-fp-tS-Xm-tWm, AXp
_m[y-Xb - m-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv thZ-{]-amWw aptJ-\b - m-tWm _u≤n-I{- ]-amWw
aptJ-\-bmtWm F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ am{X-amWv A`n-{]m-bm-¥-c-ap-≈Xv.
138
_m[yX krjvSn-I-fp-tS-XmWv F∂-Xm-Ip∂p {]_-em-`n-{]m-bw. "Xs‚

Ime-L-´-Ønse Cam-an-s\-°p-dn-®-dn-bmsX acn-°m-\n-S-bm-hp-∂-h≥
A\n-kvem-anI ac-W-amWv h-cn-°p-∂sX'∂p≈ {]hm-N-I-hm-Iy-amWv
sXfn-hv. kaqlw {]hm-N-I-hn-tbm-K-tijw ]c-a-{]-[m-\-Im-cy-am-sb-Sp-
ØXv Cam-ans‚ \nb-a-\-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xpw sXfn-hm-Wv. F{X-tØm-
f-sat∂m (A-hn-SsØ ùXnI PUw) ad-am-Sp-∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ apºv
Ah¿ \n¿h-ln-®Xv A°m-cy-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hmtcm Cam-an-s‚bpw ac-W-
ti-jap≈ Ah-ÿbpw CXm-bn-cp-∂p. aX-]-c-amb H´-\-h[n _m[y-
X-Iƒ AXns\ B{i-bn-®m-Wn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXmWv aqe-{K-Ÿ-Im-c≥
kz¥w hm°n-eqsS kqNn-∏n-®Xv: apkvenw-Iƒ°p kz¥w \nb-a-ßƒ
\S-∏n¬ hcp-Øp-I, in£m-hn-[n-Iƒ {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-I, AXrØn
Im°p-I, ssk\nI k÷o-I-cWw \S-Øp-I, kImØp ]ncn-s®-Sp-
°p-I, AXn-{I-a-Im-cn-I-sfbpw I≈-∑m-scbpw sIm≈-°m-scbpw ASn-
®- a ¿Øp- I , Ppap- A - I fpw BtLm- j - ß fpw \ne- \ n- d p- Ø p- I , P\-
ßƒ°n-S-bn-ep-S-se-Sp-°p∂ {]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p-I, Ah-Im-i-ßƒ
AwKo-I-cn-®p-In-´m≥ ka¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ km£y-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°p-I,
c£n-Xm-°-fn-√mØ sNdp-∏-°m-scbpw sNdp-∏-°m-cn-I-sfbpw hnhm-
ln-X-cm-°p-I, bp≤-[\w hoXn-°pI XpSßn kaq-l-Ønse H‰-sbm‰
hy‡n-Iƒ°v Iøm-fm≥ km[y-a-√mØ Imcy-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°m≥
Hcp Camw-˛-`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-˛-Iq-Sntb Xocq.)(-i¿-lp¬ AJm-CZ t]Pv
110)
ssiJp¬ Ckvemw C_v\p-ssX-an-ø(-d) ]d-bp∂p:
(P\-ßf - psS A[n-Imcw Itø-e°v ¬ Zo\ns‚ \n¿_‘ Imcy-ßf - n¬ kp{]-

[m-\a- m-bX - m-sW∂v Adn-b¬ A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. F∂√ AXn-√msX Zo\n\v
\ne-\n¬]v t]mep-an-√. a\p-jy-cpsS s]mXp-\∑ kwL-SnX i‡n-bneqsS
am{Xta ]q¿WX {]m]n-°p-I-bp≈q. Ah¿°p ]c-kv]c klmbw Bh-
iy-amWv F∂-XmWv Imc-Ww. kwL-Sn-°p-tºmƒ Ah¿°p Hcp t\Xmhv
A\n-hm-cy-ambn hcpw. F{X-tØm-fs - a-∂m¬ \_n(-k) ]d™p: ""aq∂m-fp-
Iƒ Hcp bm{X-bn-te¿s∏´p Ign-™m¬ Ah¿ Iq´-Øn¬ Hcmsf t\Xm-hm-
°-Ww.'' A_q-kC - u-Zv, A_q-lp-dbvd F∂n-hc - n¬\n∂v A_q-Zm-hqZv D≤-
cn-®X
- mWv CXv... \∑ Iev]n-°p-I, Xn∑ \ntcm-[n-°pI F∂nh A√mlp
139
\n¿_-‘-am-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂Xpw Imc-W-amWv. A[n-Im-chpw

i‡nbpw ssIh-∂-√msX AXp ]q¿WX {]m]n-°p-I-bp-an-√.) (A-
n-bm-k-Øp-»-¿-Cøx t]Pv 169, C_v\p ssXan-ø.)
Jp¿-B≥ 17-˛mw A[ymbw 80-˛mw kq‡w Cßs\ hmbn°mw: ""]d-
bpI: \mYm, \o Fs∂ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂Xp kXy-Øns‚ ]pd-∏m-Sm-°n-
bmepw! \o Fs∂ {]th-in-∏n-°p-∂Xv kXy-Øns‚ {]th-ia - m-°n-bmepw!
\n¶¬\n-∂p≈ klm-bI - a- mb Hc-[n-Imcw \o F\n-°p-≠m-°n-Ø∂ - mepw!''
aqe-Øn-ep≈ "kp¬Øm≥' F∂ ]Z-sØ-bmWv A[n-Imcw F∂v
ChnsS X¿Pa sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. CXv hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v {]kn≤ Jp¿-B≥
hymJym-Xm-hmb C_v\p Iko¿ Fgp-Xp∂p:
(CXns‚ hymJym-\-Øn¬ lk\p¬ _kcn ]d™p: t]¿jy-bpsS

B[n-]-Xyhpw {]Xm-]hpw FSp-Øp-am‰n AXv Ahn-S-tØ°p \evIm-
sa∂pw tdmans‚ B[n-]-Xyhpw {]Xm-]hpw FSp-Øp-am‰n Ahn-S-
tØ°p \evImsa∂pw A√mlp Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-
cp-∂p.
JXmZ ]d™p: Cu Imcyw {]tbm-Kh - ¬°-cn-°m≥ Hc-[n-Im-ci - ‡n
IqSmsX X\n°p km[y-a-s√∂v \_n(-k) a\-n-em-°n. Aßs\ Ahn-
S∂v A√m-lp-hns‚ {KŸ-Øn-\,v A√m-lp-hns‚ in£m-hn-[n-Iƒ°v, A√m-
lp-hns‚ \n¿_‘ imk-\I - ƒ°v, A√m-lp-hns‚ Zo\ns‚ kwÿm-]\ - -
Øn\v klm-b-I-am-bn-Øo-cp∂ Hc-[n-Im-c-i‡n \evIm≥ A√m-lp-thm-
Sm-hi
- y-s∏-´p. Imc-Ww, A[n-Imcw A√m-lp-hns‚ Hc-\p-{K-la
- m-Wv. Ah≥
AXv a\p-jy¿°v \n¿W-bn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. AXns‚ A`m-hØ - n¬
Ah¿ ]c-kv]cw IS-∂m-{I-aWw \S-Øp-Ibpw i‡≥ Ai-‡s\ Xn∂p-
I-f-bp-Ibpw sNbvsX∂v hcpw.
"kp¬Øm-\-∂-kod' F∂-Xn\v apPm-lnZv \evIp∂ `mjyw hy‡-
140
amb {]amWw F∂m-Wv.

lk≥, JXmZ F∂n-h-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ°mWv C_v\p Pco¿
{]m[m\yw \evIn-bX - .v AXp-Xs - ∂-bmWv {]_-em-`n-{]mbw. Imc-Ww, kXy-
Øn\v, AXns\ FXn¿°p-Ibpw AXn-t\mSv i{XpX ]pe¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp-
∂-hsc HXp-°m≥ ]‰nb A[n-Imcw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠s{X
""{]Xy£ ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fp-ambn \mw ZqX-∑msc Ab-°p-Ibpw'' F∂-Xp-
sXm´v ""\mw Ccp-ºn-d-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p'' F∂v A√mlp Acp-fn-
b-Xv. ""Jp¿-B≥sIm≠v hi-s∏-SmØXv A√mlp A[n-Im-cw-sIm≠v hi-
s∏-SpØp''sa∂v lZo-kn-ep-ap-≠v. AXm-bXv tXm∂n-hm-kß - fpw Ip‰-Ir-Xy-
ßfpw sNøpI XpSßn Jp¿-B≥ hgn-bmbpw AXn-ep≈ i‡-amb
Xm°oXpw ISpØ òj-Wnbpw sIms≠m∂pw P\-ßf - n¬ A[n-It- ]cpw
Dt]-£n-°m≥ Xøm-dm-hmØ Imcy-ßƒ A√mlp A[n-Imcw hgn
XS-bpw. AXp-X-s∂-bmWv bmYm¿Yy-hpw.) (C_v\p Iko¿ hmfyw 3,
t]Pv 59)
C{Xbpw hnh-cn-®X - n¬\n∂v hy‡-am-hp-∂Xv CXmWv: am\-hs - ∏-cp-am-‰-
ßƒ {Iao-I-cn-°p∂ Hcp ]≤Xn F∂ A¿Y-Øn¬ Zo≥ Hcp tÃ‰m-Wv.
AXn\v A[n-Imcw hntcm-[-an-s√-∂-√, IqSntb Ign-bq. {]hm-N-I≥ AXn-
\p-th≠n A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv {]m¿Yn-®n-cp-∂p. AXp-≠m-°m≥ {ian-°pI
apkvenw kaq-lØ- ns‚ _m[y-Xb - m-sW∂Xv ]fin-X∑ - m-cpsS GI-IW - vT-
amb A`n-{]m-b(-CP- vam-Av)- amWv. AXns\ FXn¿°p-∂h - ¿ A√m-lp-hns‚
InXm-_n-t\bpw {]hm-N-I-t\bpw apkvenw kaq-l-Øns‚ CPvam-C-t\-bp-
amWv FXn¿°p-∂X - .v Cu Jp¿-B\ - n-Im-[ym-]\
- Ø
- n-s‚bpw CPvam-Cs- ‚bpw
kmwKXyw a\-n-em-°pI F∂Xpw {]bm-k-ap≈ Imcy-a-√.
krjvSn-°p-∂Xpw ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂Xpw A√m-lp-hm-Wv. B A√m-lp-
hn\v am{Xw Iogvs∏-Sp-I, Ahs‚ am{Xw ASn-a-I-fmbn h¿Øn-°p-I, ]c-
am-[n-Imcw Ah∂v am{Xw hI-sh-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I, CXmWv Ckvem-ans‚
ASn-ÿm-\m-Z¿iw. Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:
(B[n-]Xyw A√m-lp-hn\v am{Xw. Ah-∂-√msX \nßƒ ASn-a-s∏-S-cp-

sX∂v Ah≥ Iev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXs{X icn-bmb Zo≥.)
(BIm-i-ß-fp-sSbpw `qan-bp-sSbpw B[n-]Xyw A√m-lp-hn\v am{X-am-

sW∂v \n\-°d - n-bnt√?)
(B[n-]Xyw BcpsS Iøn¬ \n£n-]vXa

- mtWm Ah≥ A\p-{K-l]
- q¿W-
\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.)
\_n(-k) ]d™p:
141
(A√m-lp-h-√msX ssZh-an-√, Ah≥ GI-\-s{X, Ah∂v Xpey-\n-√,

B[n-]Xyw Ah∂v am{X-ap-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p.)
Cu Jp¿-B≥hm-Iy-ßfpw {]hm-N-I-hm-Iyhpw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ssZh-
Øns‚ A[o-im-[n-]Xyw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw AXv a‰m¿°pw hI-sh-®p-
sIm-Sp-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI Ckvem-ans‚ auenI Imcy-ßf - n¬ H∂m-
sW-∂s - {X. ]ucm-WnI apkvenw ]fin-X∑ - m¿ D]-cyp‡ \n¿tZ-iß- f- psS
Nph-Sp-]n-Snt® h√Xpw ]d-™n-´p-≈q. cmjv{So-b-cw-KØp apkvenw-I-fpsS
_m[yX F¥m-sW∂v hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ Fgp-
Xp-∂Xp ImWpI:
(I≈-∑m¿, sIm≈-°m¿, ]nSn-®p-]-dn-°m¿ XpS-ßn-bp≈ hn`m-K-ßsf

ASn-®-a¿Øp-Ibpw ssk\yw k÷o-I-cn-°p-I, AXn¿Øn c£n-°pI
t]mep≈ s]mXp Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ kwc-£n-°p∂ Hcp `c-Wm-[n-Im-
cnsb \n›-bn-°pI P\-ß-fpsS \n¿_‘ _m[y-X-bm-Ip∂p. \_n(-
k)-bpsS ac-W-tijw AØ-c-samcp `c-Wm-[n-Im-cnsb \n›-bn-°¬
\n¿_-‘-am-sW∂v klm-_n-am¿ GI-I-WvT-ambn AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p-s≠-
∂-XmWv sXfn-hv. A{X-bp-a-√. Ah¿ AXv {][m\ _m[y-X-bmbn
IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp. \_n(-k)-bpsS ùXn-I-PUw adhp sNøp-∂-Xn-s\-
°mƒ apºv Ah¿ AXmWv sNbvX-Xv. F√m ImeØpw P\-ßƒ
ssIs°m-≠Xpw Cu coXn Xs∂-bm-Wv.) (Pw-D¬P-hm-an-A-v 2/487)
At∏mƒ, A√m-lp-hns‚ A[o-im-[n-]Xyw AwKo-Ic - n-°m≥ P\-ßsf
Blzm\w sNø¬ Zo≥ \ne-\n-dp-Øp-∂-Xns‚ kp{]-[m\ `mK-am-bn-Øo-
cp-∂p. \n¿`m-Ky-Ic - s
- a∂v ]d-bs
- ´, Jp¿-B\pw kp∂Øpw \S-∏n-em-°m≥
cwK-Øn-dß - n-bh
- ¿ t]mepw Ckvem-anI {]h¿Ø-\Ø - ns‚ Cu hiw Xotc
Ah-K-Wn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. XZv^-e-ambn cmjv{So-bhpw `c-W-]-c-hp-amb
Imcy-ßf - n¬ Ah-cpsS kao-]\w XzmKq-Øp-If - psS B[n-]X - y-Øn\v klm-
b-Ia- m-bn-Øo-cp∂ Ah-ÿb - mWv kwPm-Xa - m-bn-cn-°p-∂X - v.
Ckvem-anI \nbaw
a\p-jy\v kzbw \nb-a\ - n¿am-Xm-hm-Im-\h- I
- m-ia
- n-√. ]Icw A√m-lp-
hns‚ \nb-aa
- w-Ko-Ic
- n-°m≥ _m[y-ÿ\ - m-Wh
- ≥. AXv am{X-amWv Ahs‚
Cl-]c PohnX hnP-b-Øn\v \nZm-\w.
Jp¿-B\pw lZokpw ]cn-tim-[n-°p∂ GsXm-cmƒ°pw a\p-jy-Po-hn-
142
X-Øn-\-\n-hm-cy-amb auenI \nb-a-ßƒ apgp-h≥ Ah-bn¬ Is≠-

Øm≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v am{X-a-√, Cu \nb-a-ß-f-{Xbpw Hcp `c-W-Iq-S-
Øn-\-√msX \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øm≥ km[y-a-s√∂v t_m[y-am-hp-Ibpw
sNøpw.
CXp Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-tºmƒ, A[n-Imcw ssZh-Øns‚ A\p-{K-la - m-
Wv; AX-h≥ \evIp-tºmƒ e`n-°p-sa-∂√ - msX AXn-\p-th≠n {]h¿Øn-
t°-≠X - n√; [\-ap-≈t- ∏mƒ kImØv sImSp-°p-Ib - √- msX kImØv sImSp-
°m≥ [\w kºm-Zn-°¬ \n¿_-‘-an-√m-Ø-Xp-t]mse F∂mWv Nne-cp-
∂-bn-°p∂ \ymbw.
Nn¥n®p t\m°n-bm¬ CsXmcp A¿Y-iq-\y-amb IpX¿°-am-sW∂p
ImWmw. A[n-Im-chpw `c-Whpw am{X-a√ a\p-jy-\\ - p-`h
- n-°p∂ F¥pw,
`£Ww t]mepw ssZhm-\p-{K-la- m-W.v ssZhw \evIp-tºmƒ `£n-®m¬ aXn;
AXv t\Sm≥ ]cn-{i-an-t°-≠-Xn-√ F∂v _p≤n-bp-≈-h-cmcpw ]d-bp-
sa∂p tXm∂p-∂n-√. `qan-bn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ GI-Xz-kn-≤m¥w(Xu-
lo-Zv) {]t_m-[\w sNøp-I-bmWv a\p-jys‚ {]Ya _m[y-X-sb∂v
hmZn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ Xulo-Zns‚ Xs∂ kp{]-[m-\-`m-Kamb ssZh-
Øns‚ A[o-im-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ {]t_m-[\w \n¿_-‘-an-√, AXv
A√mlp HuZm-cy-sa∂ \nebv°p P\-ß-sf-s°m≠v AwKo-I-cn-∏n-°p-
tºmƒ am{Xw {]N-cn-®m¬ aXn-sb∂ ]√hn F{X-ta¬ ]cn-lm-ky-
am-sW∂v Hm¿Øp t\m°p-I. A\o-Xn, A{I-aw, D®-\o-NXzw XpSßn
Ckvemw hne-°p∂ GsXmcp A[¿a-Øns‚bpw \n¿am¿P-\hpw
Ckvemw I¬]n-°p∂ GsXmcp [¿a-Øn-s‚bpw km£m¬°-c-Whpw
A[n-Im-c-i-‡nsb B{i-bn®p am{Xta km[y-am-hp-I-bp-≈q. Imc-Ww,
kImØv t]mepw hyh-ÿm-]n-Xa- mb Ckvem-anI kaq-lØ - ns‚ kmº-ØnI
LS-\b - psS Hcp kp{]-[m\ `mK-am-W.v AhnsS am{Xta AXv icn-bmw-hÆw
{]mh¿Øn-Ia- m-hp-Ib - p-≈q. At∏mƒ Ckvem-anI hyhÿ \ne-hn-en-√m-Ø-
Xp-sIm≠v kImØv Zm\w \n¿_-‘a- n-s√∂v h√-hcpw hmZn-®m¬ Cu ho£-
W-a\- p-kc - n®v Ahsc Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ bmsXmcp \ymb-hp-an-√.
"\nb-ai - m-kI
- ≥' F∂ A√m-lp-hn\v am{Xw A¿l-amb ÿm\w A√m-
lp-hn\v Xs∂ hI-sh®p sImSp-°-W-sa∂pw AXv a‰m¿°pw A\p-h-Zn-
®p-Iq-sS-∂p-amWv Pam-AsØ Ckveman Du∂n-∏d- b - p-∂Xv. Imc-Ww, d∫pw
amen°pw lm°n-apw-˛] - c
- n-]m-eI
- \pw \mY\pw imk-I\pw bP-am-\\pw DS-
abpw F√mw˛ A√mlp am{X-am-sW-∂p-≈Xv Xulo-Zns‚ `mK-am-Ip-∂p.
Zo\pw Zp≥-bmhpw
Cu hmZ-K-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw Btcm-]-W-ß-fp-sS-bp-sa√mw \mcmb thcv
"Zo\pw' "Zp≥bmhpw' ]c-kv]c _‘-an-√mØ c≠p kwK-Xn-I-fm-sW∂
k¶¬]amWv.
""Zo≥ ac-Wm-\¥- c Pohn-Xs
- Ø-bmWv Iøm-fp-∂X
- .v ùXnI Imcy-ßƒ
kz¥w bp‡n°pw kuI-cy-Øn-\p-samØv Iøm-fm≥ a\p-jy\v kzmX-{¥y-
ap-≠.v "Zp≥-bm-hns‚ Imcyw \nßƒ°mWv \∂m-bd- n-bpI' F∂v \_n(k)
143
]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ Zo\pw Zp≥-bmhpw Iqń-°p-g-°-cp-Xv.''

CXmWv hmZ-K-Xn.
a\p-jys‚ ]c-tem-It- am-£Ø
- n-\mWv Ckvemw {]Ya ÿm\w \evIn-
bn-´p-≈s- X∂ Imcy-Øn¬ ]£m-¥c - a
- n-√. F∂m¬ ùXnIPohn-XØ - n¬
kpJhpw kam-[m-\hpw ssIh-cn-t°-≠Xn-s‚tbm t£ssa-iz-cy-ßƒ
t\tS-≠-Xns‚tbm {]m[m\yw AsXm´pw Ipd-®p-Im-Wp-∂p-an-√. as‰mcp-
hn[w ]d-™m¬ ùXnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ Ah∂v t£ahpw kam-[m-\hpw
ssIh-cn®pw XpS¿∂v ]c-tem-IØv tam£w km[n®pw Cc-´^ - ew sImøm-
\mWv Ckvemw a\p-jy\v Acp-Xp-Ifpw hne-°p-Ifpw G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-
≈Xpw imk\m \n¿tZ-iß - ƒ \evIn-bn-´p-≈X - pw. Cl-]c
- P
- o-hn-XsØ ka-
RvP-k-ambn ka-\z-bn-∏n-°p-I-bs{X Ckvemw sNøp-∂-Xv. A{X-bp-a-√,
ùXnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ t]mepw t£ahpw kam-[m-\hpw ssIh-cn-°m≥
Ckvemw am{Xta Hcp am¿K-ap≈q F∂-XmWv hkvXpX. BJn-dØ - n¬ am{X-
a-√, Zp≥bm-hn¬ IqSn A\p-`-hn-°m-\p≈XmWv Zo\ns‚ kZv^-e-ßƒ.
]c-a-{]-[m\w ]c-temI tam£-am-sW∂v am{Xw. Cu c≠-`n-{]m-b-ß-
fn¬ icnbpw sX‰pw Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠Xv {]am-W-ß-fm-W-t√m. Jp¿-
B≥ ]d-bp∂p:
(\nßƒ h√ Imcy-Ønepw ]c-k] v cw `n∂n-®m¬ AXv A√m-lp-hn-te°pw

dkq-en-te°pw aS-°p-I.)
{]hm-NI- ∑
- m-cpsS {]t_m-[\
- s- Øbpw kzk-aq-lß
- ƒ AXv kzoI-cn-
°m≥ hnk-ΩX - n-°p-Ib
- m¬ Ahsc _m[n® ISpØ in£-sbbpw Ipdn®v
hnh-cn-°sh Jp¿-B≥ ]d™p:
(B {Kma-hm-kn-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw kq£vaX ]pe¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-

cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ BIm-i-Øp-\n∂pw `qan-bn¬\n∂pw \mw Ah¿°v A\p-
{Klw Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Ah¿ If-hm-°n. Aßs\
Ah-cp-sS-Øs∂ sNbvXn Imc-W-ambn \mw Ahsc ]nSn-Iq-Sn.)
]c-Øn¬ am{X-a-√, Cl-Ønepw ssZhm-\p-{Kl e_v[n°p kXy-hn-
izm-khpw XZ-\p-km-c-ap≈ {]h¿Ø-\hpw Hcp Imc-W-am-sW-∂m-Wt√m
Cu hmIyw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
ùXnI t\´-ß-sf-SpØp Imń-bmWv Pam-AsØ Ckveman {]t_m-
[\ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S-Øp-∂-sX∂pw Ah¿°-Xn\v {]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS
amXr-I-bn-s√∂pw Nne¿ Bt£-]n-°m-dp-≠v. \ap°p ]cn-tim-[n°mw.
sXm≈m-bn-c-Ø-ºXv h¿jw Ckvem-anI {]t_m-[\w \S-Ønb
\qlv(A) Ah¿°p \evInb hmKvZm-\-ßƒ Fs¥-√m-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v
Jp¿-B≥ hnh-cn-°p-∂p≠v:
144
(Rm≥ ]d™p: \nßƒ \nß-fpsS \mY-t\mSv ]m]-tam-N\ - Ø- n-\¿Yn-°p-

I. Ah≥ IqSp-X¬ s]mdp-°p-∂-h-\-s{X. Ah≥ BIm-i-Øp-\n∂v
\nßƒ°p [mcmfw ag h¿jn-®p-Xc - pw. kºØpw k¥m-\ß - s- fbpw \evIn
\nßsf klm-bn-°pw. Ah≥ \nßƒ°p tXm´-ß-fp¬]m-Zn-∏n-®p-X-cpw.
Acp-hn-Is- fm-gp-°n-Øcpw.)
]mc-{Xn-It- \-´ß - ƒs°m∏w ùXnI t\´-ßƒ IqSn hmKvZm\w \evIn-
sIm-≠mWv \qlv(A - ) kz¥w P\-ßsf Ckvem-an-te°p £Wn-®n-cp-∂s - X-
∂m-Wt√m Cu kq‡-ßƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂X - .v ùXnI t\´-ßƒIqSn Nq≠n-
°mń {]t_m-[\ - a
- m-hm-sa∂p Xs∂-bt√ CXv \evIp∂ ]mTw.
ùXnI Imcy-ßƒ btYjvSw Iøm-fm≥ a\p-jy\v kzmX-{¥y-ap-s≠∂
hmZ-sØ-°p-dn®pw \ap°p Nn¥n-°mw. Irjn, I®-hS- w, sXmgn¬ BZn-bm-
bh Fß-s\, FhnsS, Ft∏mƒ \S-ØW - s- a-∂Xp kw_-‘n®v Jp¿-B\pw
kp∂Øpw H∂pw ]d-bp-∂n-s√-∂-XmWv Cu hmZ-K-Xn-°m¿ Nq≠n-°m-
´p∂ \ymbw. GXp \mń¬ GXn\w hnØv GXp Imem-h-ÿ-bn¬ hnX-
°-W-sat∂m GXn\w hfw GX-f-hn¬ tN¿°-W-sat∂m Jp¿-B-\nepw
kp∂-Ønepw ImWp-I-bn-√. Hmtcm {]tZ-i-Øns‚bpw {]tXyI ]cn-Xx-
ÿn-Xn-bn¬ GXn\w I®-h-S-amhpw em`-I-c-sa∂pw Ah-c≠pw ]d-bp-∂n-
√. GXp sXmgn-emWv IqSp-X¬ ê-{]-Z-sa∂pw Ah hnh-cn-°p-∂n-√.
\ΩpsS A\p-`-hhpw bp‡nbpw _p≤n-bp-sams° D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn
thWw AØcw Imcy-ßƒ Iøm-fm≥. AXn-\m¬ ùXnI Imcy-ßƒ
aX \n¿tZ-iß - f - n¬\n∂v kzX-{¥-am-Wv˛ Cßs\ t]mhp∂p FXn-cm-fn-I-
fpsS \ymb-hm-Zw.
C¥y- b n¬ \nc- h [n kwÿm- \ - ß - f p- ≠ v . Ah- b psS FÆw,
hnkvXo¿Ww, P\-kw-Jy, ]©m-bØ - v˛- X- m-eq-°p-If
- psS FÆw BZn-bmb
Imcy-ß-sfm∂pw C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S-\-bn-en-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v kwÿm-\-
ßsf _m[n-°p∂ bmsXmcp \n¿tZ-ihpw `c-W-L-S-\-bn-en√ F∂v ]d-
bp-∂-Xp-t]mse Xo¿Øpw _men-i-amWv Cu hmZw.
Ckvemw Hcp PohnX hyh-ÿ-bm-Wv. at‰-sXmcp PohnX hyh-ÿ-bn-
ep-sa-∂-t]mse Pohn-X-Øn-e-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ {]iv\-ß-fmWv AXnepw
]cm-a¿in-®ncn-°p-∂X - v. a\p-jy\v kzbw Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bmØ auen-I-
Im-cy-ßƒ AX-hs\ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p; F√m cwKØpw Ah≥ ]men-®n-cn-
t°≠ \nb-aß - ƒ. a‰p-≈h - b
- °
v m-Is - ´, Nne ASn-ÿm\ XXz-ßƒ \n¿tZ-
in-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. CXmWv Hcp PohnX hyh-ÿ-bpsS kz`m-hw.
(\nß-fpsS Zp≥-bm-hns‚ Imcyw IqSp-X-e-dn-bp-∂-h¿ \nßƒ Xs∂-bm-

Wv) F∂ Hcp Xncp-hm-Iy-ap-≠v. AXmWv Pam-AØv hna¿i-I¿ kz¥w
145
hmZ-ÿm-]-\m¿Yw FSp-Øp-≤-cn-°m-dp≈ sXfn-hv. B hmIy-Øns‚

]›m-Ø-ehpw ]q¿W-cq-]hpw ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ AXv hna¿i-I¿°v
FXn-cn-ep≈ sXfn-hm-sW∂v ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
kky-ßƒ ]cm-KWw hgn-bm-Wt√m ^tem¬]m-Z\w \S-Øp-∂-
Xv. CuØ-∏-\-bpsS B¨]q-°-fn¬\n∂v ]cm-K-sa-SpØv s]¨]q-°-
fn¬ hnX-dpI aZo-\-°m-cpsS ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. Hcn-°¬ CXp-I≠ {]hm-
N-I≥ ]d™p: ""Cß-s\-sbm∂pw sNbvXn-s√-¶nepw AXv Imbv°p-
am-bn-cn-°pw.''
Ahn-S∂v kzm`n-{]mbw ]dbp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Irjn-bpsS ùXn-I-˛-
imkv{Xob hi-ßƒ Ahn-S-tØ-°-dn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. AX-dn-bpI {]hm-
N-I-Xz-Øns‚ A\n-hm-cy-X-bp-a-√. (Rm≥ Duln-®p. A{X-
X-s∂) F∂p≈ {]hm-N-Is‚ A\-¥-c-ap≈ hni-Zo-I-cWw AXmWv
hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv. F∂m¬ AsXmcp \n¿tZ-i-am-bmWv Bfp-Iƒ IW-
°n-se-Sp-ØXv. As°m√w Ah¿ ]cm-K-hn-X-cWw ths≠-∂p-sh-®p.
êtam? Irjn-bn¬ IΩn A\p-`-h-s∏´p F∂-Xp-X-s∂. Ah¿ {]hm-
N- I s\ kao- ] n- ® p- s Im≠v Bh- e m- X n- s ∏- ´ p. At∏mƒ Ahn- S ∂v
\evInb adp-]SnbmWv ""\nß-fpsS Zp≥-bm-hns‚ Imcyw IqSp-X-e-dn-
bp-∂-h¿ \nßƒ Xs∂-bmWv'' F∂-Xv.
A\p-`-h-˛-]-co-£-W-ß-fn-eqsS IqSp-X¬ Adn-hp-t\-Sm≥ Ign-hp≈
\nßƒ°mWv Irjnbpw a‰pw kw_-‘n®v A\p-`-h-an-√mØ Fs∂-
°mƒ IqSp-X¬ Adnhp t\Sm≥ Ign-bp-I. AXn-\m¬ AØcw Imcy-
ß-fn¬ Fs‚ \n¿tZiw ImØn-cn-t°-≠-Xn-√. A\p-`-h-˛-]-co-£-W-
ß-fn-eqsS Bh-iy-amb Adnhv kzbw t\Sp-I-bmWv th≠-Xv. CXmWv
B hmIy-Øns‚ kmcw.
F∂m¬ Cu hmIysØ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-SpØn Irjn-Im-cy-ß-fn¬
Ckvem-an\v bmsXmcp [m¿anI \nb-ahpw \evIm-\n-s√∂v hnth-I-ap-
≈-h-cmcpw ]d-bp-I-bn-√. Iq´p-Ir-jn, tXh¬, ]m´w XpSßn Irjn-bp-
ambn _‘-s∏´ H´-\-h[n \nb-a-ßƒ lZo-kp-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ImWm-
hp-∂-Xm-Wv. \_n(k) \evInb CØcw hn[n-Iƒ X≈n-°-f-b-W-
sa∂pw ]Icw AsX√mw Zp≥-bm-Im-cy-ß-fm-I-bm¬ \mw Xs∂ Ah
kw_-‘n-®p≈ \nb-a-ßƒ Is≠-Øp-I-bmWv th≠-sX∂pw ]d-bm≥
apkvenw-I-fn¬ Bsc-¶nepw ss[cy-s∏-Sptam? CsX√mw bYm¿Y-Øn¬
Zp≥bm Imcy-ß-fm-Wp-Xm-\pw. CØcw {]iv\-ß-fn¬ A√m-lphpw
dkqepw H∂pw ]d- t b- ≠ - X n- √ , \nbaw Rßƒ kzbw \n¿an- ® p-
sIm≈mw AYhm \nbaw \n¿an-t°-≠Xv Rß-fmWv F∂n-ßs\
]d-bm≥ kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fn-em¿°pw km[y-a-√.
C\n apI-fn-ep-≤-cn® lZokv \ap°p hni-Z-ambn ]cn-tim-[n°mw:
146
(aqk_v\p Xz¬l ]nXm-hn¬\n∂v D≤-cn-°p-∂p: At±lw ]d™p: Rm≥

A√m-lp-hns‚ ZqX-s\m-∂n®v, CuØ-∏\ - Ø
- e- ∏
- p-If
- n-en-cp∂v Ft¥m sNøp-
I-bm-bn-cp∂ Hcp hn`mKw Bfp-I-fpsS ASp-Øp-IqSn t]mhm-\n-S-bm-bn.
At∏mƒ Ahn-S∂v tNmZn®p: ""Ch¿ F¥p sNøp-Ib - mWv?'' ""Xßƒ ]cm-
KWw \S-Øp-Ib - m-Wv; AXm-bXv ]pcp-j_- oPw kv{Xo_o-PØ - n¬ hnX-dp-
I-bm-sW∂pw AtXmsS Ah-bpsS ]cm-KWw \S-∂p-Ig- n-™n-cn-°p-sa∂pw
Ah¿ ]d-™p.
At∏mƒ dkq¬(-k) ]d™p: ""AXp Fs¥-¶nepw {]tbm-P\w sNøp-
sa∂v F\n°p tXm∂p-∂n-√.''
Xz¬l ]d-bp∂p: ""A°mcyw Btcm Ah-tcmSv ]d-™p. Aßs\
Ah¿ ]cm-KWw \S-Øp-∂Xv Dt]-£n-®p.''
kwKXn \_n(-k)-tbmSv ]d-™t- ∏mƒ Ahn-S∂v ]d™p: ""Ah¿°Xp
{]tbm-P\w sNøp-sa-¶n¬ Ah¿ Aßs\ sNbvXp-sIm-≈-s´. Rm≥
Duln-®p. A{X-X-s∂. AXn-\m¬ Dul-Øns‚ t]cn¬ \nßƒ Fs∂
]nSn-Iq-Sc- p-Xv. F∂m¬ A√m-lp-hns\ D≤-cn-®p-sIm≠v Rm≥ h√Xpw ]d-
™m¬ AXp \nßƒ kzoI-cn-°W - w. Rm≥ A√m-lp-hns‚ t]cn¬ Ifhv
]d-bp-Ib - n-√.)
(dm^n-D_v\p JZo-Pn¬\n∂v \nth-Z\w: At±lw ]d™p: \_n(-k) aZo-

\-bn¬ h∂p. Ah¿ A∂v CuØ-∏-\°p ]cm-KWw \S-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-
∂p. "X¬Jo-lp-∂Jv¬' F∂mWv Ah¿ AXn\v ]d-bp-I. Ahn-S∂v
tNmZn®p: \nßƒ F¥p sNøp-I-bmWv?
Ah¿ ]d™p: Rßƒ CXp ]t≠ sNbvXp-h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Ahn-S∂v ]d™p: \nßƒ Aßs\ sNbvXn-s√-¶n¬ AXpw \∂m-
bn-cn-°p-Ib
- n-t√.
147
AtXmsS Ah¿ B ]Wn Dt]-£n-®p. XpS¿∂p êw Ipd-bp-

Ibpw sNbvXp. dm^n-Av ]d-bp∂p: Ah¿ hnhcw \_n(-k)sb Adn-
bn-®p. At∏mƒ Ahn-S∂v ]d™p: Rm≥ Hcp a\p-jy≥ am{X-am-Wv.
\nß-fpsS Zo\ns‚ h√ Imcy-hp-amWv Rm≥ \nß-tfmSv ]d-bp-∂-sX-
¶n¬ AXp \nßƒ kzoI-cn-°p-I. kz¥w A`n-{]mbw ]d-bpI am{X-
amWv Rm≥ sNøp-∂-sX-¶n¬ Rm≥ Hcp a\p-jy≥ am{X-am-Wv.)
(A\-kn¬\n∂v \nth-Z\ - w. CuØ-∏\- °p ]cm-KWw \S-Øp-Ib - m-bn-cp∂

Hcp hn`mKw Bfp-If - psS ASp-Øp-IqSn \_n(-k) IS-∂p-t]m-bn. Ahn-S∂v
C{]-Imcw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: ""\nßƒ CXp sNøp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ AXmhpw
\∂m-hp-I.'' A\kv ]d-bp∂p: (A-h¿ AXp ths≠∂p sh®-Xns‚ t]cn¬
As°m-√w)- ip-jI v n® ê-amWv hnf-™X - .v XpS¿∂p as‰m-cn-°¬IqSn \_n(-
k) Ah-cpsS ASp-Øp-IqSn IS∂pt]mb-t∏mƒ Ahn-S∂v tNmZn®p: ""\nß-
fpsS CuØ-∏\ - °v F¥p ]‰n? '' Aßv C∂n-∂t- ]mse ]d-™n-cp-∂nt√
F∂mbn Ah¿. Ahn-S∂v ]d™p: \nß-fpsS Zp≥bm-hns‚ Imcyw \∂m-
b-dn-bpI \nßƒ°p Xs∂-bm-W.v )
CXp hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v Camw \h-hn(-d) Fgp-Xp∂p:
(]fin-X-∑m¿ ]d™p: "Fs‚ A`n-{]m-b-a-\p-k-cn®v' F∂p≈ \_n-

(k)-bpsS ]cm-a¿iw Zp≥bm-hns‚ {]iv\hpw AXnse Pohn-X-hp-ambn
_‘-s∏´ Imcyhpw kw_-‘n®v F∂m-Wv. \nb-a-\n¿am-W-Øns‚
coXn-bn¬ F∂-√. F∂m¬ Ahn-SsØ CPvXn-lm-Z-\p-k-cn-®pw i¿-
Cs‚ Imcy-Øn-ep≈ Ahn-SsØ A`n-{]mbw F∂ \ne°pw Ahn-
S∂v h√Xpw ]d-™m¬ AX-\p-k-cn®v {]h¿Øn-°¬ \n¿_-‘-am-
Wv. CuØ-∏-\°v ]cm-KWw \S-ØpI B KW-Øn¬ s]´-X-√. AXv
sXm´p-apºv ]d™ C\-Øn-emWv s]Sp-∂-Xv.... ]fin-X-∑m¿ ]d™p:
CXv Hcp Xo¿∏v ]d-™-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-√. Hc-\p-am\w {]I-Sn-∏n-®Xp am{X-
am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu D≤-c-Wn-I-fn¬ \_n(-k) Xs∂ AXp hy‡-am-°n-
148
b-Xm-Wv. Ah¿ ]d™p: PohnX {]iv\-ßƒ kw_-‘n-®p≈ \_n(-

k)-bpsS A`n-{]m-bhpw Dulhpw a‰p-≈-h-cp-tSXp t]mse-Ø-s∂-bm-
Wv. At∏mƒ Cß-s\-sbm-s°-bp-≠m-hpI Akw-`-hy-a-√. AXp-hgn
{]hm-N-I-Xz-Øn\v `wKw hcp-∂p-an-√. F∂m¬ Ah¿ AXp-t]-£n-
°m≥ ImcWw Ah-cpsS {][m\ Nn¥ ]c-tem-I-hp-ambpw XZvkw-_-
‘-amb hn⁄m-\o-b-ß-fp-ambpw _‘-s∏-´mWv InS-∂n-cp-∂Xv F∂m-
Wv. IqSp-X¬ Adn-bp-∂-h≥ A√m-lp-h-s{X.)
apI-fn-ep-≤-cn® lZo-kns‚ H∂n-e-[nIw ]mT-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Camw
\h-hn-bpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-Øn¬\n∂pw hy‡-am-hp-∂XnXmWv: \nco-
£-W-Øn-s‚bpw A\p-`-h-Øn-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Is≠-tØ-
≠p∂ ùXnI \nb-a-ß-fm-Wv, adn®v ùXnI Imcy-ß-fp-ambn _‘-
s∏- S p∂ [m¿anI \nb- a - ß - f √. ""\nß- f psS Zp≥bm- I mcyw
\nßƒ°mWv IqSp-X¬ Adn-bpI'' F∂ {]hm-NI hmIy-Øns‚
Xm¬]-cy-w. ùXnI Imcy-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-Xm-sW-¶nepw [m¿anI
\nb-a-ßƒ \¬tI-≠Xv A√m-lphpw dkqepw Xs∂-bm-Wv. AX-\p-
k-cn-°pI apkvenw-Iƒ°p \n¿_-‘-hpam--Wv. AØcw [m¿anI \nb-
a-ßfpw X\n aX-]-c-sa∂v ]d-bp∂ Bcm-[\m \nb-a-ßfpw IqSn-b-
XmWv Zo\pw Zp≥-bmhpw F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p≈ \ΩpsS hnh-
£. Ah c≠pw `n∂-a-√. ]c-kv]cw At`-Zy-ambn _‘-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.
Irjn am{X-a√ I®-h-Sw, sXmgn¬, `£W ]m\o-b-ßƒ, hkv{X-
[m-c-Ww, XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw ùXnI Imcy-ß-fm-W-t√m. ]t£, Ah
kw_-‘n-s®√mw Ckvemw hy‡-amb [m¿anI \n¿tZ-i-ßƒ \¬In-
bn-´p-≠v. apkvenw-Iƒ Ah kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xn-s√∂v ]d-bm-\m-hptam?
Pohn-X-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ cwK-ß-fnepw _m[-I-am-hp∂ CØcw \nb-
a-ß-fm-hn-jvI-cn-°pI hgn a\p-jys‚ ùXnI Pohn-X-Øn-se-Øs∂
t£a-amWv Ckvemw e£y-am-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv. XpS¿∂p ]c-tem-I-tam-
£hpw. ssZh-\n¿tZ-i-ßƒs°mØv Pohn-°p-∂-h¿t° Cl-Øn¬
t£a-sa-∂-t]mse ]c-tem-IØv tam£hpw e`n-°p-I-bp-≈q. A√m-
Ø-h¿°p Cl-Ønepw ]c-Ønepw ]cm-P-b-amhpw êw.
bp≤-˛-k-‘n-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ A√m-lp-hns‚ \nbaw ewLn-
®-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Jp¿-B≥ PqX-∑msc C{]-Imcw A[n-t£-]n-®n-cn-
°p-∂Xv:
(\nßƒ thZ-Øns‚ Nne `mK-ßƒ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw Nne `mK-ßƒ

Ahn-iz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂pthm?)
Irjn kw_-‘n®v \_n(-k) \evInb \n¿tZiw AwKo-I-cn-°m≥
Iq´m-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xns‚ t]cn-emWv Hcp hn`m-KsØ Jp¿-B≥ Cßs\
Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv:
149
(Ah¿ XzmKq-Øn-t\mSv hn[n tXSm-\p-t±-in-°p-∂p.)

""{]hm- N - I - \ n- e mWv \nßƒ°v DØ- a - a m- X r- I - b p- ≈ sX''∂v
( ) Jp¿-B≥ (33: 21-˛¬) ]d-bp-∂p. {]hm-NI- s‚
amXrI Bcm-[\ - m-cw-KØv HXp°n \n¿Øn a‰p cwK-ßf - n¬ sNIp-Øm-∑m-
cpsS amXrI ]n¥p-Sc - m≥ Ckvem-an¬ hnizm-ka - p≈ Bcpw apXn-cp-Ib - n-√.
\mep Imcy-sØ-°p-dn®v tNmZyw sNbvX tij-a-√msX Hcp a\p-jy-
s‚bpw Ccp ]mZhpw Hc-Sn-t]mepw A\-ßp-Ib - n-s√∂p ]d™ lZo-kn¬
]cm-a¿in® PohnXw, hn⁄m\w, kº-Øv, icocw F∂n-Xp-If - n¬ GXp
Imcy-amWv Hgn-hm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂s - X∂v ]cn-tim-[n-®p-t\m-°p-I.
(kXy-hn-izm-kn-It- f, ]q¿W-ambn Ckvem-an¬ {]th-in-°p-I. ]nim-Nns‚

Imev]m-Sp-Iƒ ]n≥]-‰c - p-Xv. Ah≥ \nß-fpsS {]Xy£ i{Xp-hm-Ip-∂p.)
]Xn-\©v
s{Sbn-\nßv tImgvkv
""\a-kvImcw, t\mºv apX-emb C_m-Z-Øp-Iƒ `cWw ÿm]n-°m-
\p≈ ]cn-io-e-\-am-sW-∂mWv Pam-A-Øp-Im¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xv. C_m-
Z-Øp-Iƒ s{Sbn-\nßv tImgvkm-°nb C°q-´¿ Aºn-bm-°ƒ sIm≠p-
h∂ Zo\ns\ tImew- a - d n- ® n- c n- ° p- I - b mWv '' F∂mWv Pam- A sØ
Ckvem-an-s°-Xn-cn¬ D∂-bn-°p∂ as‰m-cm-t£-]w.
\ap°v BZyw Cu hnj-bI - a - mbn Jp¿-B\pw kp∂Øpw F¥p ]d-bp-
∂p-sh∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.
Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:
(\_o, Xm¶ƒ°p t_m[\w e`n® thZw hmbn-°p-I. \njvT-tbmsS

\a-kvImcw \n¿h-ln-°p-I. \n›-bw, \a-kvImcw \oN-hr-Øn-Ifpw
\njn-≤-I¿a-ßfpw XS-bp∂p. A√m-lp-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ kvac-W-bmWv
]c-a-{]-[m\w. \nßƒ sNøp-∂Xv A√mlp Adn-bp-∂p.)
\a-kIv mcw kzbw e£y-as
- √∂pw e£y-Øn-te-°p≈ am¿K-am-sW-∂pw
apgp-h≥ ZpjvI¿a-ßfpw XS-bm≥ ]cym-]X
v a- mb ssZh-t_m-[a- m-Wv e£ysa-
∂p-amWv Jp¿-B≥ Cu kq‡w hgn \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂X - v.
150
C_v\p A_o-lmXnw Cwdm-\p_v\p lpssk-\n¬\n∂v D≤-cn-°p-

∂p. \_n(-k) ]d™p:
(Hcp-hs‚ \a-kI v mcw Ahs\ \oN-hr-Øn-If - n¬\n∂pw \njn≤ I¿a-

ß-fn¬\n∂pw XS-bm≥ ]cym-]vXa - m-bn-ń-s√-¶n¬ Ah≥ \a-kvIc - n-°m-Ø-
Xn\p Xpey-am-Wv.)
as‰mcp \nth-Z\ - Ø- n¬ Cß-s\-bm-Wp-≈Xv:
(Hcp-hs‚ \a-kvImcw Ahs\ \oN-hr-Øn-If - n¬\n∂pw \njn≤ I¿a-ß-

fn¬\n∂pw XS-bm≥ ]cym-]vXa - m-Ip-∂n-s√-¶n¬ Ah≥ AXp-hgn A√m-lp-
hn¬\n∂v IqSp-X¬ AI-ep-Ib - √- msX H∂pw t\Sp-Ib - n-√.)
a\p-jys\ Xn∑-bn¬\n-∂-I‰n \≥a-bn-te-°m-\-bn-°p-I-bmWv \a-
kvImcw sIm≠p-t±-in-®n-´p-≈s
- X∂v Cu lZokpw hy‡-am-°p-∂p.
Jp¿-B≥ A[ymbw 2, kq‡w 3˛¬ hnizm-ks - Ø-∏‰n ]d-™t- ijw
{]tXyIw FSpØp]d™ kwKXn "Ah¿ \a-kvImcw \njvT-tbmsS
\n¿hln-°p-Ibpw sNøpw' ( ) F∂m-W.v \njvTt- bm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp≈
\a-kI v mcw `b-`‡
- n°p Imc-Wa- m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p-sh-∂s{X CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-
∂-X.v
t\mºn-s\-°p-dn®v Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:
(hniz-kn-®-h-tc, ]q¿hn-I¿s°-∂-t]mse \nßƒ°pw t\mºv \n¿_-‘-

am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \nßƒ kq£vaX ]pe¿Øp-∂h- c
- m-hm≥.)
e£yw kq£va-X-bm-Wv, t\mºv AXn-\p≈ Hcp am¿K-hpw. AXmWv
Cu Jp¿-B≥ kq‡w hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. Cu e£y km^-ey-Øn-\p-X-
ImØ t\mºv \njv^-e-am-sW∂v \_n(-k)bpw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. Ahn-S-
∂-cpfn:
(t\mºp hgn Zml-a-√msX as‰m∂pw t\Sn-bn-ń-√mØ F{X t\mºp-Im-

cp≠v!...)
lrZ-b-Øn¬ sXfn-™p-In-S-t°≠ H∂√ XJvh. PohnX hyh-lm-c-
ß-fJ
- n-eØ - nepw \ng-en-®p-Im-tW-≠p∂ Hcp khn-tij KpW-am-WX
- .v {hXw
AXn\v klm-b-I-a-s√-¶n¬ A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ AXv Akzo-Im-cy-am-Wv.
\_n(k) ]d-bp∂p:
151
(sX‰mb hm°pw {]hr-Ønbpw Dt]-£n-°m-Ø-h¿ `£-W-˛-]m-\o-b-

ßƒ h¿Pn-°-W-sa∂v A√m-lp-hn\v H´pw Xm¬]-cy-an-√.)
Cßs\ Ckvem-anse AXn-{]-[m-\ß - f
- mb Bcm-[\m I¿a-ßƒ GsX-
SpØp ]cn-tim-[n-®mepw hnizm-kw, kq£vaX - , kZm-Nm-c\ - njvT F∂o KpW-
ßƒ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m-\p≈ {]mtbm-KnI am¿K-ß-fmWv Ah-sb∂v
ImWm≥ Ign-bpw.
C_m-ZØ - p-Iƒ F¥n\v sNøp∂p? Ah-aqew Pohn-XØ - n¬ t\Sm-\p≈
e£y-sa¥v? Cu Imcy-ßƒ "JpXp-_mØv', "Ckvemw aXw' F∂o IrXn-
I-fn¬ auZqZn hnkvXc - n-®p-]d - ™- X
- mbn ImWmw. Bcm-[\ - m-I¿a-ßf - psS
al-Ømb ê-ßƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-®-t∏mƒ, km[m-c-W-°m¿°v Ffp∏w
{Kmly-am-hp-∂-Xn\p th≠n At±lw s{Sbn-\nßv tImgvkv Fs∂mcp
hm°v D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. B hm°ns‚ ]pdØp Ib-dn-bmWv hna¿i-
I-cpsS ]S-tbm-´w.
a\p-jy≥, Ahs‚ \mYs‚ \n¿tZ-i-ßƒs°mØv PohnXw cq]-
s∏-Sp-Øm-sa∂p sh®m¬ ChnsS Ipg∏w Xe-s]m-°p-I-bn-√. F∂√
im¥nbpw kam-[m-\hpw Ifn-bm-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. k¿thm-]cn ac-Wm-
\-¥c Pohn-X-Øn¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ {]oXn t\Sn-sb-Sp-°mw. C\n
\mYs\ [n°-cn®v ss]im-NnI i‡n-Iƒ \evIp∂ \nb-a-ß-fmWv
Ah≥ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ `qan-bn¬ hn\miw hnX-dmt\ AXp-
]-I-cn-°p-I-bp-≈q. C∂v temIØv ImW-s∏-Sp∂ kIe Ipg-∏-ß-fp-
sSbpw Xmbvthcv AXm-Wv. apkvenw-I-fpsS _m[yX A√m-lp-hns‚
\nb-a-ßƒs°mØv PohnXw \bn-°p-Ibpw temIsØ AXn-te-°m-
lzm\w sNøp-I-bp-am-Wv. C{Xbpw Imcy-ßƒ apkvenw kaq-lsØ
Hm¿an-∏n-°p-Itb auZqZn "JpØp-_mØn'epw "Ckvemw aX'Ønepw
sNbvXn-´p-≈q.
FXn¿∏n-\m-[m-c-amb "JpØp-_mØn'se `mKw CXmWv: ""]cn-ip≤
hmIy-ap-®c - n®v Ckvem-anI hrØ-Øn¬ {]th-in-®p-sh-∂X - p-sIm≠p am{Xw
A√m-lp-hns‚ krjvSn-If - psS ta¬ NmSn-ho-gm\pw A√m-lp-hn-s‚bpw dkq-
en-s‚bpw t]cp-]d- ™ - p-sIm≠v A√m-lp-hns\ \ntj-[n-°p-∂h - cpw A{I-
an-If
- p-amb P\-ßƒ Imń-°q-´p∂ F¥p sXΩm-Sn-Øß - fpw tkzjvSw \S-
Øp-hm\pw Ckvemw \nßƒ°v Ah-Imiw \evIp-∂n-√. Cu òa-amb DØ-
c-hm-ZnØ `mcw Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂X - n\v \nß-tfm-Sm-⁄m-]n-°p-∂X - n\p apºmbn
B `mcw hln-°p-hm-\p≈ tbmKy-Xbpw i‡nbpw \nß-fn¬ DZv`q-X-am-
t°-≠X - X
- y-¥m-t]-£n-Xa - m-sW-∂mWv Ckvemw Icp-Xp-∂X - .v
\a-kI v m-cw, t\mºv, kIm-Ø,v l÷v F∂o Bcm-[\ - m-I¿a-ßƒ CtX
Hcp-°-ß-tfbpw ]cn-io-e-\-ß-tfbpw ap≥\n¿-Øn-bmWv \nß-fpsS ta¬
\n¿_-‘a- m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂X - .v Chn-SsØ `c-WI - q-Sß
- s
- f√mw Xß-fpsS ]´m-
fw, t]meo-kv, knhn¬ k¿hokv apX-emb hIp-∏p-If - n-te°p Xnc-s™-Sp-
152
°p-hm-\p-t±-in-°p∂ P\-ßƒ°v BZy-ambn Hcp {]tXy-I-Xcw ]cn-

io-e\w \evIp-Ibpw A\-¥cw Ahsc AXXp tPmen-I-fn¬ \nb-
an-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xp t]mse Ckvemapw AXnse \m\m-hn[ DtZym-
K- ß - f n¬ \nb- a n- ° m- \ p- t ±- i n- ° p∂ P\- ß ƒ°p {]Y- a - a mbn Hcp
{]tXyI Xcw ]cn-io-e\w \evIp-Ibpw ]n∂oSv Ah-sc-s°m≠v ka-
c-Øn\pw A√m-lp-hns‚ B[n-]-Xy-Øn-\p-ap≈ tkh\w sNøn-°p-
hm-\pw Dt±-in°p∂-p. F∂m¬ euInI `c-W-Iq-S-ßƒ°p Xß-fpsS
P\-ß-sf-s°m≠v \n¿h-ln-∏n-t°≠ {]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ k¬kz-`m-hw,
km∑m¿Kn-I-t_m-[w, Bflo-b-]-cn-ip-≤n, A√m-lp-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ `b-
`‡n F∂nh Xotc Bh-iy-an-√. Xß-fpsS DtZym-K-ÿ-∑msc Dt±-
in-°-s∏´ {]hr-Øn-io-e-ap-≈-hcpw AXn\v {]m]vXn-bp-≈-h-cp-am-°n-
Øo¿°p-hmt\ AØcw `c-W-Iq-S-ßƒ {ian-°p-I-bp-≈q. Ah¿ F{X-
Xs∂ henb hy`n-Nm-cn-Ifpw aZy-]m-\n-Ifpw h©-Icpw aen-\-lr-Z-
bcpw Bbn-cp-∂mepw Ah¿°v Xc-t°-Sn-√. F∂m¬ A√m-lp-hns‚
Zo\mb Ckvem-an\v AXns‚ P\-ß-sf-s°m≠v \n¿h-ln-∏n-°m-\p-≈Xv
apgp-h\pw km∑m¿KnI tPmen-I-fm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Ahsc {]hr-
Øn-io-e-ap-≈-hcpw hnZ-Kv[-cp-am-°p-∂-Xn¬ IqSp-X-embn ssZh-`-‡-
∑mcpw km∑m¿KnI t_m[-ap-≈-hcpw kZm-Nm-cn-I-fp-am-°n-Øo¿°p-
∂-Xn-\mWv Ckvemw ap≥K-W\ \evIp-∂-Xv. "Rßƒ `qan-bn¬ A√m-
lp- h ns‚ B[n- ] Xyw ÿm]n- ° p- ∂ - h - c msW'∂ hmZ- t Øm- S p- I qSn
Ah¿ ]pd-s∏-´p-h-cp-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS B hmZw bYm¿Y hmZ-ambn
temI- Ø n\v ImWn- ® p- s Im- S p- ° m- \ p≈ Ignhv ap≥Iq- ´ n- Ø s∂
Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂mWv Ckvemw Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. Ah¿
kacw sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv kºtØm cmPytam ssI°-em-
°m≥ th≠n Bbn-cn-°-cpXv; A√m-lp-hns‚ s]mcpØw kºm-Zn-
°m\pw Ahs‚ ASn-a-I-fpsS hnPb ku`m-Ky-Øn\pw th≠n am{X-
amWv Xßƒ bp≤w sNøp-∂-sX∂v Ah-cpsS {]hr-Øn-I-fn¬\n-∂p-
Xs∂ {]Xy-£-am-I-Ww. Ah¿ hnP-bn-°p∂ ]£w Al-¶m-cn-Ifpw
A{I-an-I-fp-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xn\p ]Icw Ah-cpsS inc-p-Iƒ A√m-
lp-hns‚ apºn¬ ]q¿hm-[nIw Ip\n-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°-Ww. Ah¿ hn[n-
I¿Øm-°-fmbn Xo¿∂m¬ P\-ßsf Xß-fpsS ASn-a-I-fm-°p-∂-Xn\p
]Icw Ah¿X-s∂bpw A√m-lp-hns‚ ASn-a-I-fmbn h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw
a‰p-≈-hsc A√mlp HgnsI a‰m-cp-sSbpw ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cn-°m≥ A\p-
h- Z n- ° m- X n- c n- ° bpw thWw. `qan- b nse `fim- c - ß ƒ Ah- c psS
ssIhiw hcp-∂-]£w Xß-fp-sSbpw IpSpw-_-ß-fp-sSbpw kz-k-ap-
Zm-b-Øn-s‚bpw Ioi-Iƒ \nd-°m-\√ Ah-c-Xns\ hn\n-tbm-Kn-t°-
≠Xv; t\tc-a-dn®v A√m-lp-hns‚ Zm\sØ Ahs‚ ASn-a-Iƒ°p
\ymb-{]-Imcw hoXn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw Hcp bYm¿Y hniz-kvX-s\∂
\ne-bn¬, A√mlp Ft∏mgpw Xßsf t\m°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-
s≠∂pw Hmtcm Imin-s‚bpw IW°v Ahs‚ apºn¬ t_m[n-∏n-
153
t°-≠-Xmbn hcp-sa-∂pap≈ t_m[-tØmSp IqSn {]h¿Øn-°bpw

thWw. CØcw Bflob in£W ioe-\-ßƒ°p {]kvXpX Bcm-
[\m I¿a-ß-sf-°mƒ DØ-a-amb as‰m∂pw Xs∂-bn-√.''(Jp-Xp-_m-
Øv)
Bcm-[\ - m-I¿a-ßƒ \n¿_-‘a- m-°n-bX - n¬ ]cn-io-e\ e£yw Ds≠∂
Xs‚ {]kvXm-h-\-sIm≠v auZqZn F¥m-Wp-t±-in-®n-´p-≈-sX∂v "JpXp-
_mØn'se Cu hcn-Iƒ kv]jvSa - m-°p-∂p-≠v.
\a-kI v m-cw, t\mºv BZn-bmb C_m-ZØ - p-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-°m≥ Iev]n®
AtX hmIy-Øn¬X-s∂-bmWv A√mlp Ah-bpsS kZv^-e-ßfpw hnh-
cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. Ah \n¿h-ln-°p-tºmƒ Cu kZv^-e-ß-fp-≠m-h-W-sa∂pw
A√mØ ]£w Ah Akzo-Im-cy-ßf - m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw {]hm-NI
- ≥ Hm¿an-
∏n-®n-´p-ap-≠v. CsXm∂p hni-Zo-I-cn-®p-]-d-bp-Itb auZqZn sNbvXn-´p-≈q.
C_m-Z-Øp-I-fn-eqsS ]cn-io-en-∏n-s®-SpØ kaq-lsØs°m≠mWv
Ckvemw temIØv hnπhw kwPm-Xa - m-°n-bs - X∂ Imcyw A\n-tj-[y-am-
Ip-∂p.
tKm{Xw, h¿Ww, h¿Kw, [\w, Xd- h mSv F∂n- h - b psSsb√mw
t]cn¬ Ie-ln®pw ]c-kv]cw i{Xp-°-fmbpw Ign-™p-h-∂n-cp∂ Hcp
P\-Xsb H‰- N-c-Sn¬ tIm¿Ø aWn-Iƒ°p kam\w GtIm-Zc ktlm-
Z-c-ß-fm°n am‰m\pw temIØv t\Xm-°fpw tPXm-°-fp-am°n Db¿Øn-
s°m-≠p-h-cm\pw Ckvem-an\v Ign-™Xv Cu C_m-Z-Øp-Iƒ hgn
t\Sn-sb-SpØ Pohn-X-kw-kvI-cWw H∂p-sIm≠v am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p.
CX-{Xbpw hnkva-cn-®p-I-f™ Hcp P\-hn-`m-KsØ Xß-fpsS bYm¿Y
\ne-]mSv F¥m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂Xp kw_-‘n®v t_m[-hm-∑m-cm°m≥
{ian-°p-I-bmWv Pam-AsØ Ckveman sNøp-∂-Xv. B b⁄-Øn¬
klm-bn-°m\pw kl-I-cn-°m\pw am{X-a-√, AXns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw
Itø‰v \S-Øm≥ IqSn _m[y-X-s∏-´-h-cmWv AØcw {ia-ßsf Xmd-
Sn®p ImWn-°m≥ ]mSp-s]-Sp-∂Xv. Xßƒ CXp-hgn Ckvem-ans‚ i{Xp-
°-fpsS ssIbn¬ N´p-I-am-hp-I-bm-sW∂v a\-n-em-°m≥ t]mepw
CØ-c-°m¿°v Ign-bmsX t]mhp-∂Xv F{X ]cn-Xm-]-Icw!
154
]Xn-\mdv
alvZnbpw auZq-Znbpw
""Camw alvZn-sb-°p-dn®v auZqZn \qX-\a- mb ]eXpw Xń-hn-ń-´p-≠.v .. At±-
l-Øns‚ \nK-a\w D¤-hn-°p-∂X - p-Xs∂ C{]-Im-ca - m-Wv. "temI-Øns‚
Nn¥ cmjv{So-bhpw `c-W] - c
- h
- p-amb Nn¥m-KX- n-bn¬ hym]r-Xa - mbn Ign-bp-
tºmƒ AØcw [ochpw i‡-hp-amb t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Hcp hnπhw Zriy-am-
hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ' XpS¿∂-t±lw Ipdn-°p∂p: "At±-l-Øns‚ ]cn-jvI-c-W-
ßƒs°-Xn-cn¬ BZy-ambn i_vZn-°p-∂Xv Cu aue-hn-amcpw kq^n-If - pambn-
cn-°p-sa∂v Rm≥ `b-s∏-Sp-∂p. At±lw alvZn-bm-sW∂v ]cky {]kvXm-
h\ \S-Øp-sa∂v Rm≥ {]Xo-£n-°p-∂n-√. Hcp-]t- £, At±-lØ - n\p Xs∂
Xm≥ alvZn-bm-sW∂v hnh-ca- n-s√-∂p-hcpw. At±-lØ - ns‚ ac-WØ - n-\p-tijw
Xs‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ hgn At±-l-am-bn-cp∂p alvZn F∂v temI-Øn\v
a\-n-em-sb-∂pw-hcpw' F∂n-ßs\ XpS-cp∂p At±-lØ - ns‚ ]pXnb I≠p-
]n-Sp-Ø-ßƒ!'' (P-am-AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\-hpw t]Pv:
47, 48)
alvZn-sb -kw-_-‘n®v auZq-Zn \S-Ønb ]cm-a¿i-Øn¬ hna¿i-I\v
Zln-°msX t]mbXv c≠v Imcy-am-W.v [ochpw i‡-hp-amb t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬
Hcp hnπhw Zriy-am-hp-sa∂v ]d-™-XmWv H∂v. as‰m-∂v, At±-l-Øn-\p-
Xs∂ Xm≥ alvZn-bm-sW∂v hnh-c-an-s√∂p hcp-sa∂v ]d-™-Xv. ""Camw
alvZn hnπ-h-t\-Xm-hm-Wp-t]m¬!'' F∂ hna¿i-Is‚ B›-cy-{]-I-S\w
AXmWv sXfn-bn-°p-∂X - .v At±-lØ - ns‚ ho£-Wa- \ - p-kc- n®v Camw alvZn
\ΩpsS \mńse GsX-¶nepw apkven-bm-sctbm aue-hn-sbtbm t]mse
Hcp ]®-∏m-ha - m-bn-cn-°mw. B¿°pw Hcp-]{- Z-hhpw sNøp-Ib - n-√, F√m-hc - p-
ambn cmPn-bm-bn, \mń¬ A[¿a-ßƒ F¥p-Xs∂ \S-am-Sn-bmepw F√m-
‰n-s‚bpw t\tc IÆ-S®v AS-ßn-sbm-Xpßn Ign-bp∂ Hcp ]mhw a\p-
jy≥! As√-¶n¬ AØcw [ochpw i‡-hp-amb t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Hcp
155
hnπhw Zriy-am-hp-sa∂v ]d-™-Xn¬ C{X B›-cy-s∏-Sm≥ F¥n-cn-

°p∂p? apkvenw kaqlw Hcp t\Xr-Xz-Øn≥ Iogn¬ AWn-tN-cp-
Ibpw kz¥w Cam-an(-t\-Xm-hn)s‚ Iogn¬ i{Xp-hp-ambn kmbp-[-k-
a-c-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂pw At∏m-gmhpw Cukm (-A) Cd-
ßp-I-sb∂pw lZo-kn¬ hy‡-am-°n-b-Xm-Wv.
""At±- l - Ø n- \ p- X s∂ Xm≥ alv Z n- b m- s W∂v hnh- c - a n- s √∂v
hcpsa''∂ auZq-Zn-bp-sS Dul-{]-I-S-\-am-Wt√m hna¿i-I\v Zln-
°mØ c≠m-asØ Imcyw. At±-l-Øns‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ alvZn°p
Xm≥ alvZn-bm-sW∂v \√ t_m[y-ap-≠m-hpw. hmZ-k-a¿Y-\m¿Yw
hna¿i-I-\p-≤-cn-°p∂ Hcp lZokv C{]-Im-c-am-Wv:
""\_n(-k) ]d™p: alvZn F∂n¬ s]´-h\ - mWv. Xnf-ßp∂ s\‰nbpw
hf™ \mkn-Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚ hnti-j-W-ß-fm-Wv. A{Iaw \o°n
`qan-bn¬ At±lw \oXn ]c-Øpw. Ggp sIm√-am-Wt- ±lw `cWw \S-Øp-
I.''(A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv)
Cu lZo-kn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn® hnti-j-W-ßƒ Ipeo-\-Xbpw ta[m-i-
‡nbpw t\Xr-Xz-]m-Sh - h- p-ap≈ an° Bfp-If - nepw ImWm-hp-∂X - m-W.v AXp-
sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ah P\-Øn\v alvZnsb Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p≈ e£-W-ß-fm-
sW∂ \ne-bntem AØcw hnti-jW - ß
- ƒ HØ hy‡nsb kap-Zmbw
alvZn-bmbn kzoI-cn-°¬ \n¿_-‘a - m-sW∂ \nebvt°m BWv \_n(k)
{]kvXpX lZokv Acp-fn-b-sX∂v hniz-kn-°m≥ {]bm-k-ap-≠v.
ln. 1400-˛¬ ({In. 1980) ldw B{I-an® òI-c∑ - m-cpsS hmZw Xß-fpsS
\mb-I≥ {]Xo-£nX alvZn-bm-sW-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu lZo-kn¬ ]d™
e£-Wß - ƒ ˛Xn-fß - p∂ s\‰n-ØS- w, hf™ \mknI XpS-ßn-bh - ˛ Abm-
fn¬ HØp-tN¿∂n-´p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hna¿i-I≥ D≤-cn® XpS¿∂p≈ lZo-
kp-I-fn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn® hn[w intcm-h-kv{X-[m-cn-bp-am-bn-cp∂p At±lw.
Cbmƒ alvZn-bm-Wv, Ct±-lsØ F{X-bpw-thKw ss_AØv sNøpI
F∂v H∏-ap-≈h - ¿ hnfn-®p-]d- ™ - n-´p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu lZo-kp-Is - fm∂pw
{]_-eß - f- s
- √-∂X - mWv hmkvXh - w. AXp-sIm-≠m-Wt√m _pJm-cn, apkvenw
XpS-ßnb {]_e lZokv {KŸ-ß-fn¬ Ah ImWmsX t]mbXpw.
alvZn-bpsS BK-a\w kw_-‘n® hnizmkw Zo\ns‚ auen-I-Im-cy-
ß-fn¬ s]´-X√ - . Bbn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Jp¿-B\ - ntem {]_-eß - f - mb lZo-
kp-I-fntem AXp {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®p-
Im-Wp-∂n-√. A°m-cW - w-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ AXv hnizm-kI - m-cy-ßf - n¬ s]Sp-
Øm≥ \n¿hm-lh - p-an-√.
F∂m¬ auZq-Zn, alvZnsb kw_-‘n®v F¥v \ne-]m-SmWv kzoI-cn-
®n-cn-°p-∂Xv? At±lw alvZnsb Xo¿Øpw \ntj-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂pthm?
AtXm XXz-Øn¬ AwKo-Ic - n-°p-∂pthm? CXmWv ]cn-tim-[n-°m-\p-≈X - v.
At±lw alvZnsb \ntj-[n-°p-∂p-sh-∂mWv hna¿i-I≥ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂X - .v
""alvZn-sb-°p-dn®p hnh-cn-°p∂ lZo-kp-Iƒ auZq-Zn-bpsS {i≤-bn¬s]-
Sp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ Ahsb \ntj-[n-°m≥ Xp\n-bp-I-bmWv auZqZn sNbvX-
156
Xv. "\_n-I-cow(-k) A{]-Imcw ]d-™n-cn-°p-sa∂v Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂n-

√. Hcp \_n-bpsS BK-a-\sØ kw_-‘n-®p-t]mepw ta¬`m-K-Øp-
\n∂pw hnfn-bp-≠m-bn-ń√ F∂mWv Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw sNøp-
tºmƒ a\-nem-hp-∂-Xv.'(d-km-Cu¬ 1/59). Aºn-bm-Cs‚ {]hm-N-
IXzw AXXp Ime-tØmSv tbmPn-®-hn[w apA-vPn-k-Øp-Iƒ aptJ\
Dd-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xm-sW∂pw AXn-ep-]-cn-bmbn BIm-i-Øp-\n∂pw hnfn-
®p-]-d-tb≠ Bh-iy-an-s√∂pw Adn-bm-Ø-h-cn-√. AXn-t\mSv A\p-
am-\n®v \_n(-k) {]Jym-]n® Hcp Imcyw Ahn-S∂v ]d-bp-sa∂v Xm≥
hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√∂v tLmjn-°p-∂Xv F{X A¤p-X-I-c-a√!'' (P-am-
AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\hpw t]Pv 49)
auZq-Zn-bpsS "dkm-C¬ h akm-Cen'¬\n∂p≈ Aev]`- m-Ka- mWv hna¿i-
I≥ D≤-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. auZq-Zn-bpsS "XPvZoZv h Clvbm F Zo≥' F∂
]pkvXI - Ø - nse alvZo N¿®sb kw_-‘n®p Hcp hmb-\° - m-c\ - p-∂b - n®
kwi-bhpw AXn\v auZqZn \evInb adp-]S- nbpw Cßs\ hmbn°mw. tNmZyw:
""XPvZoZv h Clvbm F Zo≥' F∂ IrXn-bn¬ alvZn-bpsS shfn-s∏-S¬
kw_-‘n®v Xm¶-sf-gp-Xn-bX - n¬ A`n-{]m-bh - y-Xy-mk-Øns‚ hiw CXmWv:
hmKvZØ alvZn°p Fs¥-¶nepw {]tXy-I-Xtbm hyXn-cn-‡-Xtbm D≈-
Xmbn Xm¶-fw-Ko-Ic - n-°p-∂n-√. lZo-kp-If - n-em-sW-¶n¬ hy‡-ambnØs∂
alvZn-bpsS AS-bm-fß - ƒ hnh-cn-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. Cu \nth-Z\ - ß- ƒ Fß-s\-
bmWv I≠n-s√∂p sh°pI?'' adp-]Sn: alvZn shfn-s∏S¬ kw_-‘n-®p≈
\nth-Z\- ß - sf lZokv \ncq-]I - ∑ - m¿ \nin-Xa - mb hna¿i-\Ø - n\v hnt[-b-
am-°n-bn-´p-≠.v F{X-tØm-fs - a-∂m¬ Ah-cn¬ Nne¿ Camw alvZn-bpsS BK-
a\w AwKo-Ic - n-°p-t∂-bn-√. \nth-ZI ]c-ºc - (-Ak
- a v m-D¿cn-Pm¬)-bpsS \ncq-
]-WØ - n¬\n∂v hy‡-am-Ip-∂X - m-Is - ´, B lZo-kp-If - psS \nth-ZI - ∑- m-cn¬
A[n-It- ]cpw ioC-If - m-sW-∂s - {X. Hmtcm hn`m-Khpw cmjv{So-bhpw aX-]-
c-hp-amb e£y-ßƒ°p-th≠n Cu lZo-kp-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-
s≠∂pw Ah-bn¬ tcJ-s∏-´p-Im-Wp∂ AS-bm-fß - ƒ kz¥-°m-cn¬ Nne-
cn¬ tbmPn-∏n-°m-\p≈ {iaw \S-Øn-bn-´p-s≠∂pw Ncn-{X-Øn¬\n∂v a\-
n-em-Ip-∂p-ap-≠.v C°m-cW - ß - f - m-se-√mw, Rms\-Øn-t®¿∂n-cn-°p∂ \nK-
a-\w, alvZn-bpsS BK-a\ - sØ kw_-‘n-t®-St- Ømfw am{Xw B lZo-kp-
Iƒ km[p-hm-Wv. AS-bm-fß - sf kw_-‘n® hnh-cW - a- m-hs - ´, X¬]-cI - -
£n-Iƒ ]n∂oSv Iqń-t®¿Ø-Xm-hm-\mWv km[y-X. alvZo-hm-Z-hp-ambn
Bsc√mw Ft∏m-sg√mw cwK-Øh - X - c- n-®p-thm, Xm¶ƒ Ah-cpsS kmlnXyw
]mcm-bWw sNøp-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬ Ah¿ kz¥w Ie-lß - ƒ°v sRmdn-sh®v
`wKn Iq´m≥ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv CtX lZo-kp-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v
ImWmw.
\_n(-k)-bpsS hmIy-ßs - f-°p-dn®v Rm≥ Bg-Øn¬ Nn¥n-®p. alvZn-
bpsS BK-a\ - s- Ø-°p-dn-®p≈ lZo-kp-If - nte-Xp-t]m-se, hcm-\p≈ BfpsS
AS-bm-fß - fpw hnh-cW - ß- f - p-aS- ß - p∂ lZo-kp-If - psS Bibw C{X hni-
Z-ambn Ahn-S∂v hnh-cn-°m-dn-√. hfsc {][m-\-s∏´ ASn-ÿm\ kz`m-h-
157
ap≈ AS-bm-f-ßƒ am{Xw hnh-cn°pw, A{X-X-s∂. A{]-[m\ Imcy-

ß-fpsS hnh-cWw Ahn-SsØ coXn-tb-b-√.''(d-km-C¬ h akm-C¬
hmfyw 1)
Da-hn-Ifpw A∫m-kn-Ifpw XΩn¬ \S∂ A[n-Imc hSw-h-en-bn¬
Ccp-]-£hpw lZo-kp-Iƒ [mcmfw sIń-bp-≠m-°n-bn-´p-≠v. IdpØ
sImSn-bpsS ]cm-a¿i-ap≈ lZo-kp-Iƒ AØcw hymP-\n¿an-X-ß-
fn¬ s]´-Xm-hm-\mWv km[y-X. A∫m-kn-I-fpsS sImSn-bpsS \ndw
Idp-∏m-bn-cp-∂p-h-t√m. A∫mkn `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp∂ alvZn-bmWv
hmKvZØ alvZn-sb∂v ÿm]n-°m≥ D≤-cn-®n-cp-∂Xpw CtX lZo-kp-
I-fm-sW∂v Ncn{Xw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. {]hm-N-I≥amsc kw_-‘n-
t®- S - t Ømfw Ah¿°p apA- v P n- k - Ø p- I - f p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ - X p- s Im≠v
Cbmƒ ssZh-Zq-X-\m-sW∂v hnfn®p ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√m-bn-cp-s∂∂pw alvZn-
bpsS Imcyw Aß-s\-b-s√-∂p-amWv hna¿iI `mjyw. {]hm-N-Is\
\ntj-[n-°pI ssZh-tIm-]-Øn\pw ]c-tem-I-in-£°pw Imc-W-am-Wv.
F∂n´pw AXn\v hm\-tem-I-Øp-\n∂pw hnfn-bmfw tIƒt°-≠-Xn√.
alvZn-bpsS Imcytam? AsXm-cmƒ Xo¿Øpw \ntj-[n-s®-∂n-cn-°-s´,
F∂m¬t]mepw Abm-fpsS Cuam-\n\v AXp-sIm≠v bmsXmcp XI-cm-dp-an-
√. ImcWw Jp¿-Bt\m {]_-ea - mb lZotkm hgn AXp ÿnc-s∏-ń-ń-√
F∂-Xp-Xs - ∂. apkvenw kaq-lØ- n¬ Hcp \√ hn`mKw AXv \ntj-[n-°p-
∂-hc - mbn ]≠pw Ign-™p-t]m-∂n-´p≠v Xm\pw.
alvZn-s°-Xn-cn¬ BZyw i_vZn-°pI Cu aue-hn-amcpw kq^n-If - p-am-
bn-cn-°p-sa∂ auZq-Zn-bpsS ]cm-a¿i-Øn-emWv hna¿i-I\v Gsd ]cn-`hw!
]t£, ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øns‚ Ncn{Xw Adn-bp∂ GsXm-cmfpw auZq-Zn-bpsS
B {]kvXm-h\ - sb icn-sh-b°v pw. {]hm-NI
- ≥am¿ sXm´v kXy-Øns‚ ]S-
l-[z\n apg-°n-bh - ¿s°ms° G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ FXn¿∏v t\cn-tS-≠n-h∂ - Xv
]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cn¬ \n∂m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v B¿°m-W-dn-™p-Iq-Sm-Ø-Xv.
158
]Xn-t\gv
Cemlpw C_m-ZØpw
Cem-lv, C_m-ZØv F∂o kmt¶-XnI ]Z-ß-fpsS A¿Y Iev]-\-
bn¬ auZq-Zn°p òam-_≤w ]nW-™n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂mWv as‰m-cm-t£-
]w. hna¿i-I≥ Fgp-Xp∂p:
""At∏mƒ auZqZn kmln-_ns‚ hnizm-k{- ]-Imcw Zo≥ tÃ‰pw tÃ‰ns‚
`c-Wm-[n-Imcn Cem-lp-am-sW∂v hy‡w. A\p-kc - n-°s - ∏-Sp-∂h - ≥, A[n-
Im-cÿ - ≥ Fs∂√mw Cem-ln\v A¿Yw sImSp-Øp-sIm≠v Zo\ns‚ auen-
I-amb hnizm-kØ - ns‚ ASn-Ød Xs∂ At±lw Cf-°p-Ib - mWv sNbvX-
Xv.
""Cemlv F∂-Xn\v Bcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥ F∂v A¿Y-am-sW∂pw
AXn¬ "A¬' tN¿Ø-t∏mƒ kXy-amb Bcm-[y≥ Bhp-Ibpw Aßs\
{]kvXpX \maw(-A-√m-lp) temI-{k-jvSm-hns‚ \ma-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°-
s∏SpI-bp-am-sW∂ hkvXpX alm-∑m¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-sh-®n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.
(Xplv^ 1˛7) t\m°p-I. F∂m¬ Ahn-sS-sbm∂pw A\p-kc - n-°s- ∏-Sp∂
`c-Wm-[n-Imcn F∂ Nph kv]¿in-°s - ∏´p ImWp-Ib - n-√. Cem-ln\v \¬I-
s∏´ AtX hnh£ Xs∂-bmWv d∫n\pw \¬I-s∏-´s - X∂v hnip≤ Jp¿-
B\pw ]q¿hnI hN-\ß - fpw km£yw hln-°p-∂p.''(P-am-AsØ Ckvem-
an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\-hpw t]Pv 44, 45)
hna¿i\w Npcp-°Ø - n¬ Cß-s\-bmWv: ""auZq-Zn-bpsS ho£-WØ - n¬
Cem-l,v A√mlp F∂o ]Z-ßƒ c≠pw thsd thsd ]Z-ßf - m-W.v bYm¿Y-
Øn¬ AXv Aß-s\-b√ - . Cem-ln¬ A¬ tN¿∂v A¬ Cemlpw ]ns∂
A√m-lp-hp-am-bn-Øo¿∂-Xm-Wv.''
"Ckvemw-aXw' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Ønse "em C-eml C√-√mlp' F∂
hmIy-Øns‚ A¿Yw F∂ io¿j-I-Ønse {]Xn-]m-Z-\-amhmw hna¿i-
I≥ Btcm-]W - Ø- n-\m-[m-ca- m-°n-bX
- v. AXv C{]-Im-ca - mWv:
""BZy-am-bn, "Cemlv' F∂-Xp-sIm-≠p≈ hnh£ Fs¥∂v {Kln-
159
°pI: "Cemlv' F∂ Ad_n ]Z-Øns‚ A¿Yw C_m-Z-sØ-Sp-°-

s∏-Sp-hm≥ A¿l≥ F∂m-Ip-∂p. AXm-b-Xv, k¿thm-]-cn-bmb {]Xm-
]-i-‡n-bp-sSbpw Hu∂Xy t{ijvT-X-bp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬
Bcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-hm\pw A\p-k-cn-°-s∏-Sp-hm\pw A¿l-X-bp-≈-h-s\-
∂¿Yw. a\p-jy-_p-≤nsb Aº-c∏n-°-Ø-°-hn[w hn]p-e-amb i‡n-
a-mlm-fly-ap-≈-h≥ F∂ A¿Yhpw "Cemlv' F∂ ]Z-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-
Sp-∂p-≠v. temI-Ønse kIe hkvXp-°ƒ°pw B{i-bn-°-s∏-tS-≠-
h\pw kI-e¿°pw klm-b-a¿Yn-°-s∏-tS-≠-h\pw F∂m¬ Bcp-
sSbpw B{i-b-an-√m-Ø-h-\p-sa∂ Bi-bhpw "Cemln's‚ A¿Y-
Øn¬ AS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. AZr-iy≥ F∂ A¿Yhpw B ]Z-Øn¬
A¥¿`-hn-®p-In-S-°p-∂p-≠v. AsX, a\p-tjy-{µn-b-ßƒ°v AtKm-N-c-
am-I-Ø-°-hn[w AZr-iy-am-b-h∂pw "Cemlv' F∂v ]d-b-s∏-Spw...
"A√mlp' F∂-Xm-Is´ bmsXmcp hn[ ]¶p-Im-cp-an-√mØ GI-ssZ-h-
Øn-\p≈ {]tXyI \ma-am-Wv...'' (Ckvemw aXw)
Cu hnh-c-W-Øn¬\n∂v A√mlp F∂Xv {]tXyI \ma-am-sW∂pw
"Cemln'¬ "A¬' h∂v tem]n®v A√m-lp-hm-b-X-s√-∂p-amWv auZqZn
ka¿Yn-°p-∂s - X∂v hna¿i-I≥ A\p-am-\n-°p-∂p. auZqZn hni-Za - m-°m-\p-
t±-in-°p-∂X
- m-Is
- ´, B kw⁄-bpsS \njv]Øn F¥m-sW-∂X - √ - , adn®v
AXns‚ Bi-b-ssh-]p-ey-am-Wv. C\n hna¿i-I≥ Duln°pw hn[-am-
bm¬t]mepw AX{X Bt£-]n-°s - ∏-tS≠ Imcy-sam-∂p-a√
- . ]ucm-WnI
]fin-X-∑m¿ Xs∂ AXns‚ \njv]-Øn-sb-s®m√n A`n-{]m-b-`n-∂X
]pe¿Øn-t∏m-∂n-´p≠v F∂-XmWv hkvXp-X. hna¿i-I≥ ]d™
"Cemln'¬ "A¬' tN¿∂v "A√mlp' Bb-Xm-sW∂ Hc-`n-{]mbw \mw
I≠p. as‰m-c-`n-{]m-b-ap-≈Xv Cßs\ hmbn-°mw. C_v\p Iko¿ Fgp-
Xp∂p:
("A√mlp' F∂Xv D∂-X\pw A\p-{K-l] - q¿W-\p-amb \mYs‚ kw⁄-

bm-W.v . AsXmcp \ma-am-W.v D∂-X\pw A\p-{K-l] - q¿W-\p-am-bh
- ∂
- √
- msX
a‰m¿°pw AXp-sIm≠v \ma-Ic - Ww sNø-s∏-ń-ń-√. C°m-cW - Ø- m-emWv
Ad_n `mj-bn¬ "Âe', "b^v-Aep'hn¬* \n∂v AXn\v \njv]m-Z\w
ImWm-ØX - v. AXp-Xs
- ∂-bmWv \njv]m-Z\- a
- n-√mØ "PmanZm'b \ma-amWv
* GsX-¶nepw {Inbm-cq-]-Øn¬\n∂v
160
AsX∂v Nne sshbm-I-c-W-∑m¿ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sm≥ Imc-W-hpw.

im^n-Cu, JØm-_n, Cam-ap¬ ld-ssa-\n, Kmen XpSßn Hcp
hn`mKw ]fin-X-∑msc D≤-cn-®p-sIm≠v Jp¿Xp_n ]d-™-Xm-Wn-Xv.
"Aen^pw' "emapw' AXn¬ A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂v "Jeoepw' "ko_-
sshln'bpw ]d-™-Xmbn D≤-cn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. JØm_n ]d™p:
F∂v ]d-bmw. F∂v ]d-bp-I-bn√ F∂v Xm¶ƒ°-dn-bm-
a-t√m. Aen^pw emapw ]Z-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-`m-K-a-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-
¶n¬ Aen-^nepw emanepw hnfn-°m-\p≈ Ahybw sImSp-°pI kwK-
X-am-hp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.)
("A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw \njv]-∂n-X-ta-b√ F∂ A`n-{]m-b-Øn-\mWv

Camw dmkn {]mapJyw \evIn-bn-´p-≈-Xv.)
At∏mƒ {][m\ ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS {]ap-Jm-`n-{]mbw X≈p-Ibpw
A{X- X s∂ {][m- \ - a - √ mØ as‰m- c - ` n- { ]mbw AwKo- I - c n- ° p- I bpw
F∂n´v auZq-Znsb Bt£-]n-°p-I-bp-amWv hna¿i-I≥ sNbvXn-cn-°p-
∂-Xv.
"Cemln's‚ AtX hnh£ Xs∂-bmWv "d∫n'\pap-≈-sX∂v Hgp-
°≥ ań¬ ]d-™-X-√msX hna¿i-I≥ AXp sXfn-bn-®n-ń-√. Cem-
ln\v Bcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥ F∂v At±lw A¿Yw ]d-bp-∂pap-≠v.
At∏mƒ d∫n\pw Bcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥ F∂p-X-s∂-bmWv A¿Yw.
F∂m¬ d∫v F∂ ]Z-Øn\v ]q¿h ]fin-X-∑m¿ F¥mWv A¿Yw
\evIn-b-sX∂v \ap°p ]cn-tim-[n°mw. C_v\p Iko¿ Fgp-Xp∂p:
(kzX-{¥-amb ssIIm-cym-[n-Im-c-ap≈ DS-a-bmWv d∫v. {]`p-hn\pw ]cn-

c-£-Wm¿Yw [-Im-cyw] Iøm-fp-∂-h-∂p-sams° `mj-bn¬ AXp-]-tbm-
Kn-°pw. A√m-lp-hns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw AsX√mw icn-bm-Wp-
Xm-\pw. F∂m¬ A√m-lp-h-√m-Ø-h¿°p F∂v {]tbm-Kn-°p-I-
bn-√. ]t£, hn`-‡n-{]-Xy-b-ß-tfm-Sp-IqSn Bhmw. AXm-b-Xv,
[ho´p-S-a], [C-∂-Xns‚ DS-a] F∂pw a‰pw ]d-bmw.
F∂Xv A√m-lp-hn\v am{Xta ]d-bq.)
Camw C_v\p-P-cocnØz_cn Fgp-Xp∂p:
161
(F∂m¬, F∂p≈ A√m-lp-hns‚ hm°ns‚ hymJym-\w,

Ad-_n-`m-j-bn¬ "d∫v' F∂Xv ]te A¿Y-Ønepw hcpw. ]q¿W-
ambn A\p-k-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ {]`p-hns\ Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ "d∫v' F∂mWv
hnfn-°p-I. e_o-Zp_v\p d_o-A-bpsS IhnX AXn¬ s]´-X-s{X.
""In≥Z-bpsS "d∫n's\bpw Abm-fpsS ]p{X-s\bpw aA-±ns‚
"d∫n' s\bpw Ah¿ Hcp \mƒ J_vXv-˛-A¿-A-dp-Iƒ°n-S-bv°p-sh®v
h[n-®p-I-f-™p.''
In≥Z-bpsS "ds∫'∂m¬ In≥Z-bpsS køn-sZ[{]-`p]∂m-W¿Yw.
\m_n-KØ - p-_\o Zp_vbms‚ Ihn-Xbpw Bbn-\Ø- n¬ s]´-Xs- {X.
162
""\pA-vams\ {]m]n-°m-\mbn Abm-fpsS ASpØv Ahƒ hn\-b-

]q¿hw sN√p-∂p. d∫mb Xm¶ƒ°p Fs‚ ]pXn-bXpw ]g-b-Xp-amb
apgp-h≥ kºØpw A¿∏n-X-a-s{X.''
Hcp hkvXp-hns\ kwkvI-cn-°p-∂-bmfpw "ds∫'∂v hnfn-°-s∏-
Spw. ^d-kvZ-Jp-_v\p-Km-en-_ns‚ IhnX AXn\v sXfn-hmWv:
""a¿_q_√mØ tXm¬]m-{X-Øn¬ shÆ kq£n® hnUvVn-bmb
shÆ-°m-cn-sb-t∏m-se-bm-Wh - ¿.''
"a¿_q_'√mØ-sb-∂m¬ kwkvIc - n-°s- ∏-Sm-Øs - X-∂¿Yw. ]Xn-hmb
]cn-]m-e\- a- p-t±-in®v Bsc-¶nepw kz¥w hkvXp-°ƒ h√Xpw Bsc-sb-¶nepw
Gev]n-®m¬ F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xpw AXn¬ s]´-Xs - {X.
A¬J-a-Xp-_v\p A_vZ-bpsS IhnX Bbn-\-Øn-emWv s]Sp-∂-
Xv:
""Aßs\ Fs‚ ]c-nc-£Ww Xm¶-fn-em-Wv FØn-s∏-ń-
cn-°p-∂-Xv. Xm¶ƒ°p-apºv ]te c£-Icpw Fs‚ ]cn-c-£Ww Gs‰-
Sp-Øn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. As∂ms° ]t£, B c£-I≥am¿ [A-Xn¬]
hogvN hcp-Øn-°-f-™p.''
"dp_q_v' F∂-Xns‚ GI-hN - \
- a
- mWv "d∫v'.
""Hcp hkvXp-hns‚ DSa "d∫v' F∂v hnfn-°s - ∏-Spw.''
C∏-d-™-X-√mØ A¿Y-ßƒ°pw "d∫v' F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-
≠v. ]t£, Ah-sbm-s°-Øs - ∂bpw C∏-d™ aq∂n¬ GsX-¶n-ep-sam-∂n-
emhpw Ah-km\w FØn-s∏-Sp-I.
""\-ΩpsS {]Xm-]h - m-\mb "d∫v' {]`p-Xz-Øn¬ kmay-Xtbm Xpey-Xtbm
C√mØ {]`phpw A\p-{K-lh - ¿jw hgn krjvSn-If - psS ÿnXn \∂m-°n-
Øo¿°p-∂h - \pw kr-jvSnbpw B⁄m-[n-Im-chpw Iø-S°n sh®n--cn-°p∂
DS-a-bp-am-Wv. A√m-lp-hns‚ F∂ hmIy-Øn-\p≈ hymJym-\-
Øn¬ \mw C∏-d™ coXn-bn¬ C_v\p A∫m-kn¬\n∂v \nth-Z\w h∂n-
cn-°p-∂p.'' (C-_v\p-Pc - o-cnØz-_cn-bpsS Pman-D¬ _bm≥ F∂ X^vko¿,
hmeyw 1, t]Pv 47, 48)
C{Xbpw D≤-cn-®-Xn¬\n∂v hna¿i-I≥ ]d-™-t]mse Cem-lns‚
AtX hnh-£-b√ d∫n-\p-≈-sX∂pw {]`p, ]cn-c-£-I≥, DSa Fs∂-√m-
amWv AXns‚ A¿Y-sa∂pw hy‡-am-bn. AXm-b-Xv, a\p-jys‚ Bcm-
[y≥ A√mlp am{X-am-sW∂ t]mse-Øs∂ a\p-jys‚ \mY\pw ]cn-c-
£-I\pw DS-abpw A√m-lp-h-√msX a‰m-cp-a-s√∂pw hy‡w.
hna¿i-I≥ XpS¿s∂-gp-Xp∂p: ""aA-v_qZv (B-cm-[y≥) F∂ A¿Y-
Øn\v Cem-lns\ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-sh∂v {]kvXm-hn-®p-ht- √m. Bcm-[y≥
F∂-Xn\v C_m-ZØ - n-\¿l≥ F∂m-W¿Y-sa∂v hcp-tºmƒ C_m-ZØ - ns‚
bYm¿Y hnh-£bpw Adn-™n-cn-t°-≠X - p-≠t- √m. {]kvXpX ]Z-sØbpw
auZqZn kmln_v Xs‚ aqi-bn-en´v hm¿ØXv IqSp-X¬ ckm-h-l-a-s{X.
""C_m-ZØ - n\v alm≥am-cmb ap^-n-dp-Iƒ ]d™ A¿Yw BZy-ambn
{i≤n-°p-I. Camw A_p-pDuZv ]d-bp-∂p: "C_mZØv F∂m¬ Atß-
163
b-‰-amb Ffn-a-Xzhpw Xmgvabpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-em-Wv.' (lm-an-ivdmkn

154/1) Camw ss_fmhn ]d-bp∂p: AXv Atß-b-‰-amb Xmgvabpw
Ffn-a-Xzhpw ImWn°emWv... AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂ A√mlp A√m-
Ø-h¿°p≈ hW-°-Øn\v C_m-ZØv F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bn-
√.' (ssi-Jp-kmZ 42/1). XpS¿∂v AXns‚ hymJym-\-Øn¬ ssiJv
kmZ ]d-bp∂p: A√mlp A√m-Ø-h-cn¬ {]kvXpX ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-
°p-∂-h≥ Hcp ldmw {]h¿Øn-®-h-\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.'' (P-am-AsØ
Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\-hpw 45, 46)
Hcp ]Z-Øn\v `mj-bn¬ F¥¿Y-am-Wp-≈s - X∂v sXfn-bn-t°-≠Xv hmZ-
{]-Xn-hmZw \S-Øn-b√
- . `mjm imkv{X-Im-c≥am¿ B[n-Im-cn-Is
- a-∂w-Ko-I-
cn® \nL-≠p-Isf Ah-ew-_n-°p-IbmWv AXn\p th≠-Xv. AXn-\m¬
C_m-Z-Øns‚ `mjm¿Y-amhmw \ap-°mZyw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xv. F∂n´v
]q¿hnI ]WvUn-X-∑m-cpsS hymJym-\hpw. A\-¥cw auZq-Zn-bpsS
A¿Y-I-ev]\ icntbm sXt‰m F∂v I≠p-]n-Sn-°pI Ffp-∏-am-bn-cn-
°p-a-t√m. hnJymX Ad_n `mjm-\n-L-≠p-hmb "Jmaq-kp¬ aplo-
Xn'¬ ]d-bp∂p:
(A-_vZn-øØpw D_q-Zn-øØpw D_q-ZØpw C_m-ZØpw XmAØm [A-\p-

k-cW
- a- m]W
- .v )
"apJvXm-dp-n-lm-ln'¬ ]d-bp∂p:
( (ASn-a) F∂Xv (kz-X{- ¥≥) F∂-Xns‚ hn]-co-X] - Z- a- mWv.

AXns‚ _lp-hN - \w Fs∂-
√m-am-Wv. D_q-ZØpw D_q-Zn-øØpw {]I-Sa - m-bh
- ∂v A_vZv F∂v ]d-bpw.
D_q-Zn-øØ
- ns‚ ASn-ÿm\w Xmgvabpw hnt[-bX - z-hp-am-W.v C_m-ZØv ˛Xm-
A-Øv˛ A\p-kc - W
- a- m-Wv.)
A¬ap-^d v Z- m-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂p:
(hnt[-bXz {]I-S\
- a- mWv D_q-Zn-øØ
- .v C_m-ZØv AXnepw ]c-aa- m-W.v hnt[-
b-Xz-Øns‚ ]mc-ay-Xb - m-WXv F∂-XmWv Imc-Ww. t{ijvTX- b
- psS ]mcayw
B¿°mtWm D≈Xv Ah≥ am{Xta AX¿ln-°p-∂p-≈q. A√m-lp-hs{X
AXv.)
"enkm-\p¬ Ad_n'¬ ]d-bp∂p:
164
(`m-jb
- n¬ C_m-ZØ - ns‚ A¿Yw hn\-bt- ØmSp IqSn-bp≈ A\p-kc - Ww
F∂m-W.v )
Bcm-[\- a- m-{X-a√ A\p-kc
- W
- w, ASn-aØ
- w F∂n-hbpw C_m-ZØ
- ns‚
A¿Yw Xs∂-bm-sW∂v Cu D≤-cW - n-Iƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. C\n ]q¿hn-I-
cmb Jp¿-B≥ hymJym-Xm-°ƒ F¥p- ]-d-bp∂p F∂v t\m°mw. Camw
Jp¿Xp_n D≤-cn-°p∂p:
( F∂m¬ Fs∂ A\p-kc - n-°m-\√

- msX F∂m-Wv. AXm-bXv
"B_nZn'\v Rm≥ {]Xn-êw \¬Ipw. \ntj-[nsb in£n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
"Ahsc ASn-aI-fm-°m-\√ - msX' F∂mWv A¿Y-sa∂pw ]d-bs - ∏-ń-cn-°p-
∂p. c≠pw GI-tZiw H∂p Xs∂. Dw Dw {]I-Sa
- m-bh- \v
F∂v ]d-bm-dp-≠v. s‚ ASn-ÿm\w hnt[-b-Xzhpw Xmgva-bp-am-Wv.
F∂m¬ Xmgvab - p-≈h - \
- m-°p-Is
- b-∂m-W¿Yw.... C_m-ZØv F∂m¬
XmAØv [A-\p-kc - W
- w] F∂pw XA-∫pZv F∂m¬ X\-pIv [B-cm-[\ - ]
F∂p-amWv A¿Yw.)
^¿dm-Av ]d™p:
(\n\-°p-am{Xw Rßƒ sNøp∂p F∂p≈ (^m-Xn-lb - n-se) hmIyw.

AXm-bX - ,v hn\-bt- Øm-Sp-IqSn {]I-Sn-∏n-t°≠ A\p-kc - Ww Rßƒ {]I-
Sn-∏n-°p∂p F∂m-W¿Yw. \ns‚ am{Xw GIXzw Rßƒ AwKo-Ic - n-°p∂p
F∂m-sW∂pw ]d-bs - ∏-ń-´p-≠v.)
"C_m-ZØv' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ `mjm¿Yhpw AXn\v ]q¿hn-Ic - mb Jp¿-
B≥ hymJym-Xm-°ƒ \¬Inb hnh-c-W-hp-amWv apI-fn¬ sImSp-Ø-Xv.
C{Xbpw D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ apºn¬ sh®p-sIm≠v ]cn-tim-[n-°p∂ B¿°pw
A\p-k-cWw, ASn-a-Øw, Iogvh-W°w F∂o A¿Y-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-
∂-XmWv C_m-Z-sØ∂pw C_m-Z-Øn-\¿l-\mb GI Cemlv A√mlp
am{X-am-sW-∂mWv ]q¿h-Ime ]WvUn-X≥am¿ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂pw
AXv G‰p-]-d-bp-I-am-{Xta auZqZn JpXp_m-Øn¬ sNbvXn-´p≈q F∂pw
t_m[y-am-hpw.
C_m-ZØ - n\v hna¿i-I≥ D≤-cn® ss_Zm-hn-bpsS \n¿h-N\ - hpw ssiJv
kmZ AXn\v \¬Inb hnh-cW - hpw IqSn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I. ss_Zm-hnbpsS
"" '' F∂ hmIy-Øn\v hna¿i-I≥ \¬Ip∂
A¿Yw C{]-Im-ca - mWv:
165
""C_m-ZØv F∂m¬ Atß-b-‰-amb Ffn-a-Xzhpw Xmgvabpw shfn-

s∏-Sp-Øe - m-Wv.''
AXm-bX - ,v kmam\y hnt[-bX- z-Øn\pw Xmgva°pw C_m-ZØv F∂v ]d-
bp-Ib- n-√. Imc-Ww, AXv a\p-jy-Po-hn-XØ - n¬ ]e-t∏mgpw ]e-cpsS Imcy-
Ønepw kw`-hn-°p∂-Xm-Wv. AXv A\n-hm-cy-hp-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv
""A√mlp A√m-Øh - ¿°p≈ hnt[-bX - z-Øn\v C_m-ZØv F∂ ]Zw D]-
tbm-Kn-°p-I-bn√'' F∂v ss_Zmhn Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. ]c-a-amb hnt[-bXzw
( ) A√m-lp-hns‚ apºnte ]mSp-≈q. kmam\y hnt[-bXzw ( )
Aß-s\-b√ - . AXp krjvSn-If - psS apºn¬ Xs∂ {]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ Ckvemw
A\p-hZ- n-°p-∂p-≠v F∂-XmWv AXn\v Imc-Ww. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ kmam-
\y-amb hnt[-b-Xz-Øn\v C_m-Z-Øv F∂v ]d-bm≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xm-Wv.
AXmWv ssiJv kmZ ]d-™Xv:
(A-°m-c-W-Øm¬ F∂v ss_Zmhn ]d-™-Xns‚ Xm¬]-cyw, ]c-a-

amb hnt[-b-Xz-am-Wv C_m-ZØv F∂ Imc-W-Øm¬ \nb-a-ZrjvSym
A√m-lp-hn-\p≈ hnt[-b-Xz-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ am{Xta AXp-]-tbm-
Kn-°p-I-bp≈q. A√mlp A√m-Ø-h-cpsS Imcy-Øn¬ AXp-]-tbm-Kn-
°p-∂-h≥ sX‰p sNbvXp.)
as‰m-cm-ibw Cu hmIy-Øn¬\n∂v {Kln-s®-Sp-°m-hX - √- . As√-¶n¬
ss_Zm-hn-bpsS B \n¿h-N\w \nc¿Y-I-am-sW∂v hcpw. Imc-Ww, ]c-a-
amb hnt[-bXzw BcpsS apºn¬ {]I-Sn-∏n-®mepw AXv Abmƒ°p≈
C_m-Z-Øm-sW∂ Imcy-Øn¬ c≠-`n-{]m-b-an-√. As√-¶n¬ "a‰m¿°pw
C_m-ZØv sNø-cp-sX'-∂p≈ Jp¿-Bs‚ imk\ A¿Y-an-√mØ {]tbm-
K-ambn Ah-ti-jn-°p-Itb D≈q. AXm-I-s´, Akzo-Im-cy-amWv Xm\pw.
Npcp-°Ø - n¬ hna¿i-I≥ D≤-cn® \n¿h-N\ - ß
- fpw auZqZn ]d-™Xpw
XΩn¬ sshcp-≤y-sam-∂p-an√ F∂-XmWv hkvXp-X. B \n¿h-N\ - ß
- f
- n¬
""]c-aa
- mb hnt[-bXzw'' F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®t- ∏mƒ auZqZn ]d-™Xv ""Hcp
hy‡n as‰m-cp-hs‚ ASn-ab - m-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah-s\-am{Xw B{i-bn®v Pohn-
°p-Ibpw bP-am-\-t\mSv h¿Øn-t°≠ {Ia-Øn¬ Ah-\p-ambn h¿Øn-
°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂X - n-\mWv C_m-ZØ - v F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv'' F∂m-W.v hmIy-
Ønse Du∂epw HØp-tN-tc≠ Imcy-ßfpw hfsc {it≤b-am-Wv. Cu
cq]-Øn-se-√m-ap≈ _‘w A√m-lp-thm-Sm-hp-tºmƒ AXv A√m-lp-hn-
\p≈ C_m-ZØpw as‰mcp i‡n-tbm-Sm-hp-tºmƒ B i‡n-°p≈ C_m-
Z-Øp-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. AXn¬ C{X kwi-bn-°m-s\-¥n-cn-°p∂p?
hna¿i-Is‚ as‰mcp s]mbv-sh-Sn, "Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn® ASn-abpw
bP-am-\\pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w in¿°m°n Nn{Xo-Ic - n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp'
auZq-Zn-sb-∂m-Wv. ChnsS Ip‰w hna¿i-It- ‚-Xm-Wv. auZq-Zn-bpsS hm°nse
Du∂¬ {i≤n-°msX t]mb-Xm-WX - .v ""ASn-ab
- m-hp-I, Ah-s\-am{Xw B{i-
166
bn-°p-I, bP-am-\-t\mSv h¿Øn-t°≠ {Ia-Øn¬ Ah-\p-ambn h¿Øn-

°pI'' F∂o aq∂p Imcy-ßƒ FSp-Øp-]-d-™n-cn-°p∂p auZq-Zn.
AsXm∂pw {i≤n-°msX bP-am-\-\p-ambn h¿Øn-°pI F∂ H‰
Imcy-sa-Sp-ØmWv hna¿i-Is‚ A¶w. Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn® ASn-abpw
bP-am-\\pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w F∂p ]d-™m¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ ASn-
a-bm-hp-I, Ahs\ am{Xw A{i-bn-°p-I, bP-am-\-t\mSv h¿Øn-t°≠
hn[-Øn¬ Ah-\p-ambn h¿Øn-°pI F∂ Bibw ssIs°m≠
a\p-jy¿ XΩn¬ D≠m-hm-sa∂v A√mlp A\p-h-Zn-®n-´p≈ ASnabpSa
_‘-am-Wt√m. AXv A√m-lp-hns‚ ]c-a-amb bP-am-\-Xz-Øn\pw
Ah-t\m-Sp≈ a\p-jys‚ ASn-a-Ø-Øn\pw B{i-b-Xz-Øn\pw hnt[-
b-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂ Imcy-Øn¬ ktµ-l-ta-bn√. F∂n-cns°, B ASn-
a-bp-Sa _‘w Fß-s\-bmWv C_m-Z-Øn¬ ]d™ ASn-a-bp-Sa
_‘tam in¿t°m BIp-∂-Xv. C\n C_m-Z-Øns‚ A¿Y-Øn-ep≈
kmt¶-Xn-I-amb ASn-a-bp-Sa _‘w Xs∂-bmWv a\p-jy¿ XΩn-ep≈
ASn- a bp- S a _‘hpw F∂mWv hna¿i- I ≥ hmZn- ° p- ∂ - s X- ¶ n¬
AØcw ASn-a-bp-Sa _‘w in¿°m-sW∂ Imcy-Øn¬ Hcp kwi-
b-hp-an-√. At∏mƒ, "Bsc A\p-k-cn-°pI F∂ ame \nßƒ Igp-
Øn-en-Sp-∂pthm Ah-cpsS Zo\n-em-bn-cn°pw \nßƒ bYm¿Y-Øn¬
ÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xv. BcpsS \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn®v \nßƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-
∂pthm Ah-sc-bm-bn-cn°pw \nßƒ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xv' F∂ JpXp-
_m-Ønse hna¿i-I≥ D≤-cn® `mKw icn-bm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøpw.
F∂m¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ BXy-¥n-I-amb bP-am-\-Xzhpw ]c-am-[n-Im-
chpw AwKo- I - c n- ® p- s Im≠v Ahs‚ imk- \ - I ƒ°v hnt[- b - c m- b n-
s°m≠v \nßƒ Bsc A\p-k-cn-°pI F∂ ame Igp-Øn-en-´mepw
BcpsS \nbaw {]mh¿-Øn-I-am-°n-bmepw \nßƒ Bcm-[n-°p-∂Xpw
A\p-k-cn-°p-∂Xpw bP-am-\-\m-°p-∂Xpw A√m-lp-hns\ Xs∂-bm-
bn-cn-°pw.*
* Cu hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ khn-kvXc ]T-\-Øn\v P: sI.-kn. A_vZp√ aue-hn-

bpsS "C_m-ZØv: Hcp ka-{K-]-T\w' hmbn-°p-I.
]Xn-s\´v
CkvXn-Kmk
hna¿i-I≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""A√mlp A√msX Bscbpw klm-bØ
- n\v hnfn-
°m≥ ]mSn-s√∂v \nb-am-h-en-bn¬ auZqZn ]d-bp-∂p. (t]Pv 5) {]kvXpX
{]kvXm-h\ aptJ\ apkvenw-Iƒ Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠p-hsc \ncm-t£]w
XpS¿∂p-h∂ - n-cp∂ Xh-p¬, CkvXn-Kmk F∂n-hsb in¿°m°n X≈p-I-
bmWv auZqZn sNøp-∂X - v.''
hna¿i-I≥ XpS-cp∂p: ""CXv At±-lØ - ns‚ am{Xw A`n-{]m-ba- √ - , tIcf
Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bpsS apJ-]{- X-amb "{]t_m-[\w' ]d-bp∂p: "CkvXn-
Kmk in¿°m-sW∂v Rßƒ A]-lk - n-°p-Ibpw A]-e] - n-°b
- p-a√ - , AXv
in¿°m-sW∂v Rßƒ hmZn-°bpw {]N-cn-∏n-°-bp-am-Wv.' ({]-t_m-[-\w,
]pkvXIw: 4 e°w: 1) At∏mƒ CkvXn-Kmk sNøp∂ apkvenw-Iƒ X\n
apivcn-°p-If- m-sW∂v Pam-AØ - p-Im¿ hmZn-°bpw {]N-cn-∏n-°bpw sNøp-
∂p-sh∂v hy‡w.'' (P-am-AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\h - pw t]Pv
36, 38)
CkvXn-Km-kbpw Xh-pepw H∂p Xs∂-bm-sW∂ ań-emWv hna¿i-
Is‚ t]m°v. As√-¶n¬ "{]t_m-[\w' CkvXn-Km-ks - b-°p-dn®v ]d-™Xv
auZqZn Xh-p-en-s\bpw in¿°m-°p∂p F∂-Xn-\p≈ sXfn-hmbn At±lw
D≤-cn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√t- √m.
XuloZv F¥m-sW∂v a\-n-em°pI ChnsS A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-Øo-cp-
∂p. ssZhw kØ-bnepw (Zm-Øv) {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw KpW-ß-fnepw (h-
kv^p-Iƒ) GI-\m-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-I-bmWv Xulo-Zv. apkvenw-I-fn¬
B¿°pw AXn¬ A`n-{]m-bm-¥c - a
- n-√.
kØ-bn¬ A√m-lp-hn\v ]-¶m-fnØw Iev]n-°p∂ Hscm‰ aX-hn-`m-Khpw
temI-Øn√ F∂-XmWv hkvXp-X. D≈Xv A√m-lp-hns‚ KpW-ß-fnepw
{]h¿Ø-\ß - f - nepw ]¶p-tN¿°p-∂h - c
- mWv. AXm-bXv A√m-lp-hns‚ Nne
KpW-ßƒ Nne ]pWy-hm-f≥am-cnepw alm≥am-cnepw Btcm-]n-°p-I. F∂n´v
Ah-cpsS apºnepw Ah-cpsS ih-Ip-So-cß - f
- nepw sN∂v hnfnbpw sXfnbpw
168
t\¿®bpw hgn-]mSpw \S-Øp-I. AØcw Imcy-ßƒ sNøp-∂h - ¿ apkvenw-

I-fm-hp-tºmƒ Ahbv°v t\¿®, Ddq-kv, Pmdw aqS¬, _¿°-sØ-Sp-°¬
F∂n-XymZn hnti-jW - ß - ƒ \evIp-∂p-sh∂v am{Xw. c≠n-SØpw \S-°p∂
kwK-Xn-Iƒ H∂p-X-s∂, Hcn-SØv ad-™p-In-S°p∂ sslµh kn≤t\m
ss{IkvX-h-]p-Wy-hm-ft\m BsW-¶n¬ C∏p-dØv apkvenw Hueytbm
_ohntbm Bbn-cn-°p-sa∂ Hcp hyXymkw am{Xw.
(A-√m-lp-hn\v sXmÆp-s‰m-º-Xv,
H∂p Ipd™ \qdv \ma-ßf - p-≠v) F∂v lZo-kn¬ ImWmw. Ah apgp-h≥
Ah-bpsS ]q¿Wm¿Y-Øn¬ A√m-lp-hn\v am{Xw hI-sh®p sImSp-°pI
F∂-XmWv Xulo-Zv. as‰mcp hn[w ]d-™m¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ A[n-Im-cm-
h-Im-i-ß-fn¬ Hcm-sfbpw Hcp hkvXp-hns\bpw Hcp i‡n-sbbpw ]¶p-
tN¿°m-Xn-cn-°-emWv Xulo-Zv. AXn\v hn]-coXw sNbvXm¬ AXv
"in¿°m'bnØo-cpw.
({]m¿Y\ kzoIcn-°p-∂-h≥) F∂Xv A√mlphns‚ am{Xw
hntijWamWv. AXv Ah∂v am{Xap≈ hntijWambn AwKo-Ic - n-°m≥
Iq´m-°p-∂ns√¶n¬ AXv in¿°msW∂ ImcyØn¬ F¥p kwibn°m-
\ncn°p∂p. (k-lmbn) F∂Xpw A√mlphn-s‚Xs∂ as‰mcp
hntijWamWv. (s]m-Xp-hn¬ klmbn A√mlp
A√msX Bcp-an-√) F∂Xv Hcp ASnÿm\-XØzambn AwKo-Ic - n-°s - ∏-ń-
´p≠v F∂Xv Cu Kp-WØ - ns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ A√m-lp-hn\v ]¶m-fn-Isf Iev]n-
°m≥ ]mSn-s√-∂-Xns‚ hy‡-amb sXfn-hm-Wv. Pam-AsØ Ckveman
AXns‚ `c-WL - S- \- b- n¬ ""A√m-lp-h√- msX Bscbpw klm-bØ - n\v hnfn-
°m≥ ]mSn√'' F∂v Fgp-Xn-bt- ∏mƒ Cu k¿hmw-Ko-IrX XØz-amWv tcJ-
s∏-Sp-Øn-bX - v. AXns\ hna¿in-°p-∂h - ¿ Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-ÿm-\m-Z¿i-
sØ-°p-dn®v t]mepw A⁄-cm-sW-∂X - s{X bmYm¿Yyw. As√-¶n¬ B
BZ¿iw AwKo-Ic - n-°m≥ Iq´m-°m-Øh - c- m-W.v
\ncp]m[nIhpw kºq¿Whpamb A¿YØn¬ klmbn A√mlp am{X-
amWv. B A¿YØn¬ klmbw tXSp∂Xv A√mlp-thmSv am{Xta BIm-
hq. a‰p-≈h - t- cmSv ˛ Ah¿ Bcp-am-bn-s°m-≈s´˛ klmbw tXSp-∂Xv Ahsc
A√mlp-hns‚ KpW-Øn¬ ]¶mfnIfm°emWv. AXn-\m¬ Xs∂ AXv
in¿°p-am-Wv. (\n\°p-am{Xw Rßƒ C_m-
ZØv sNøp∂p. \nt∂mSv am{Xw Rßƒ klmbw tXSp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p)
F∂p≈ Jp¿-B≥ hmIyw AXn-\p≈ hy‡-amb sXfn-hm-Wv.
acn-®p-t]mb alm≥am¿°v A√mlp Nne Ign-hp-Iƒ \evIn-bn-´p-s≠∂pw
XZ-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv Rßƒ Ah-tcmSv klmbw tNmZn-°p-∂-sX∂pw
Ah¿ ssZh-am-sW∂v IcpXntbm hniz-knt®m A√ Aßs\ sNøp-∂-
sX∂pw Nne¿ kz¥w sNbvXn-Isf \ymbo-Ic - n-°m-dp-≠.v Xo¿Øpw A_≤
PSn-ea- mWv Cu hmZw. Aßs\ B¿s°-¶nepw A√mlp Fs¥-¶nepw Ignhv
\evIn-bn-´p-s≠-∂p-≈X - nt\m Aßs\ klmbw tXSm-sa-∂p-≈X - nt\m Jp¿-
169
B-\ntem {]hm-N-I-hm-Iy-ß-fntem bmsXmcp sXfnhpw C√. A√mlp

alm≥am¿°v \evIn-bX - ,v sFlnI Pohn-XØ - nse Ah-cp-SX - s∂ kpIr-X-
ß-fpsS ê-ambn Ahs‚ Xr]vXnbpw A\p-{K-lh - p-am-W.v Ah¿ AX\p-`-
hn®v AhnsS Ign-bp-∂p. ùXnI Pohn-X-hp-ambn Ah¿°v ac-W-ti-jw
{]mtbm-Kn-I-_‘w Aev]w t]mep-an-√. Jp¿-B\pw lZokpw A¿Y-i-¶-
°nSw \evImØ hn[w hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≈ ImcyamW-Xv.
C\n `qan-bnse Pohn-X-Im-eØv a\p-jy≥ ]c-kv]cw sNøp∂
klmb˛k-lI - c- W
- ß- ƒ FSp-Øp-Im-ń-s°m-≠v, acn-®h - sc hnfn®p tXSp-
∂Xns\ Nne¿ km[q-I-cn-°m≥ {ian-°m-dp-≠v. F∂m¬ Pohn-®n-cn--°p∂
a‰p-≈h - t- cmSv \mw klmbw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw \mw Ah¿°v klmbw
\evIp-∂Xpw Ah-tcm \Ωtfm AXn-am-\p-jtcm Aam-\p-jnI kn≤n-If - p-
≈-htcm ssZh-Øns‚ A[n-Im-cß - f - nepw Ign-hp-If - nepw ]¶m-fn-Øa - p-≈-
htcm BWv F∂ ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n-e√ - . Ah-cpw \sΩt∏mse-bp≈ a\pjy-
cmWv F∂ ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n-em-W.v AXn-\m¬ AXn¬ in¿°ns‚ {]iv\ta
DZn-°p-∂n-√. a\p-jy-tcmSv ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-°m\pw klmbw tXSm\pw
A√mlp D]-tZ-in-®n-´p-≈X - p-am-W.v krjvSn°v kpPqZv sNøm-\mWv A√mlp
Iev]n-°p-∂s - X-¶n¬ AXv t]mepw A√m-lp-hns‚ Iev]\ A\p-kc- n-°p∂p
F∂ \nebv°v Xulo-Zns‚ Xs∂ `mK-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. A√m-lp-hns‚ Iev]-
\-b\- p-kc - n®v krjvSn-bmb BZ-an\v kpPqZv sNbvX ae-°p-Iƒ A√m-lp-
hns‚ CjvS Zmk≥amcpw AXv sNømØ C_veokv A√m-lp-hns‚ tIm]-
Øn-\n-cb - mb [n°m-cnbpw Bbn-Øo¿∂Xv AXp-sIm-≠m-W.v
as‰mcp \ymbo-Ic - Ww D∂-bn-°m-dp-≈Xv CXmWv: "acn-®h - t- cmSv hnfn®p
{]m¿Yn-°p-∂X - ns‚ Bibw A√m-lp-th, Ch-cpsS _¿°Øv sIm≠v Cu
Imcyw km[n-∏n®p Xtc-Wta F∂m-Wv.' XnI®pw hnNn-{Xhpw _men-ih - p-
amWv Cu hymJym-\w. am{X-hp-a-√, t\¿°p-t\-sc-bm-hp-tºmƒ acn-®-hsc
hnfn®p {]m¿Yn-°p-∂Xv in¿°m-sW-∂p≈ Imcyw Xßfpw AwKo-Ic - n-°p-
∂p-sh∂v [z\n-∏n-°pI IqSn sNøp-∂p≠v B hmZw. F∂m¬ _Zvco-ßtf
c£n-°t- W, aplvbn±o≥ ssitJ Im°-tW, aºp-dsØ Xßtf Im°tW
Fs∂m-s°-bmWv CkvXn-Km-kb - psS cq]-ßƒ. CXn-sem∂pw A√mlp ]cm-
a¿in-°s - ∏-Sp-t∂-bn-√. km[m-cW - ° - msc kw_-‘n-®n-St- Ømfw apkven-bm-
°≥am¿ Btcm-]n-°p∂ Cu Bibw Ah¿ Hm¿°p-∂p-an-√. Bflm¿Y-
ambn Xßƒ ]d-bp-∂s - X-¥mtWm AXn¬ Ihn™v Iui-e{- ]-tbm-Ktam
k¶¬]tam H∂pw Ah¿°v Adn-bn-√. _Zvco-ßt- fmSpw aºp-dsØ Xß-
tfmSpw Hs°-Ø-s∂-bmWv Ah¿ klmbw tXSp-∂-Xv. C\n apkven-bm-
°≥am-cpsS hmZw icn-bm-sW-¶n¬Xs∂ CkvXn-Km-k°v in¿°n-t\mSv kmZr-
iy-ap≠v F∂ Imcyw \ntj-[n-°m-\m-hn-√. B \ne°pw AXv ]cn-h¿Py-am-
hp-∂p. Npcp-°Ø - n¬, A√m-lp-h√ - m-Øh - t- cmSv klmbw tXSp∂ "CkvXn-
Kmk' F∂ G¿∏mSv in¿°m-W.v AXv \ymbo-Ic - n-°m≥ kmlk-s∏-Sp-∂Xv
]mgvth-eb - p-am-W.v
170
"CkvXn-Kmk' ]≠p- apXte \ncm-t£]w XpS¿∂v t]mcp-∂-Xm-sW-

∂mWv hna¿i-Is‚ hmZw. A∏-d™ - Xv Ahm-kvXh - a- m-sW-∂X
- n¬ kwi-
b-an-√. H∂m-aX
- m-bn, kp∂Øv AwKo-Ic - n-°p-∂h
- c
- mWv kp∂Øp Pam-A-
Øp-Im¿. Jp¿-B\ - n\pw kp∂-Øn\pw ISI hncp-≤a - mb Hcp Imcyw \q‰m-
≠p-I-fmbn \ncm-t£]w XpS¿∂p-h-cp-∂p-sh∂ hmZw B {]ÿm-
\sØXs∂ Ah-tl-fn-°e - m-W.v
hna¿i-I≥ km[m-cW D≤-cn-°m-dp≈ "kmhn' Fgp-Xp-∂Xv ImWpI:
(Cu BbØv ˛"A√m-lp-hn\v ]pdsa \mw ]c-kv]cw d∫p-I-fm-°m-Xn-cn-

°m\pw' F∂ Jp¿-B≥ 3: 64-˛mw hmIyw˛ PqX ss{IkvXh hn`m-Kß - t- fm-
Sp≈ kwt_m-[\ - b- m-sW-¶nepw apkvenw-If - n¬s]-´, A√m-lp-hn¬ a‰p-≈-
hsc ]¶p tN¿°p-Ibpw KpW-tZm-jß - ƒ sNøm≥ Huen-bm-°ƒ°p Ign-
bp-sa∂v hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Zp¿_-eh - n-izm-kn-Is- fbpw AXns‚ hcp-
Xn-bn¬ sIm≠p-hc - p-∂p. Huen-bm-°ƒ A√mlp lem-em-°n-bXv ldm-am-
°m\pw Ah≥ ldm-am-°n-bXv lem-em-°m\pw A[n-Im-ca - p-≈h - c- m-sW∂v
Icp-Xp-∂t- Xm-sSm∏w A√mlp Ah-Xc - n-∏n® bmsXmcp {]am-WØ - n-s‚bpw
]n≥_-ea- n-√m-sX-Xs∂ henb henb A\m-Nm-cß - ƒ [_n-ZA -v Ø - p-Iƒ] D≠m-
°p-Ibpw B A\m-Nm-cß - f- {- Xbpw Cu Huen-bm-°f - psS am¿K-ßf - m-sW∂v
hcp-Øn-Øo¿°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂h - c- m-Wh - ¿. i¿-C∂v hncp-≤a - m-bn-cp-∂m¬
t]mepw Ah c£m-Im-cW - ß- f - m-sW-∂mWv AhcpsS hmZw. Xßƒ Imcy-
am-sbt¥m sNøp-Ib - m-sW-∂mWv Ah-cpsS [mc-W. Adn-bp-I, Ah¿ Ifhv
]d-bp-∂-h-c-s{X. ]nimNv Ahsc hi-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw A√m-lp-hns‚
\n¿tZiw Ah≥ Ahsc ad-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. Ah¿ ]nim-
Nns‚ Bƒ°m-cm-Wv. Adn-bp-I, ]nim-Nns‚ Bfp-Iƒ ]cm-Pn-Xc - s - {X.)
alm≥amsc hnfn®v klmbw tXSp-∂Xv \njn-≤hpw in¿°p-am-sW∂v
C{X-sbms° sXfn-bn®p ]d-™n´pw "\ncmt£]w \S-∂p-h-cp∂'sX∂
hymPw ]d™v apkvenw km[m-cW - ° - msc in¿°n-te°v \bn-°p-Ib - t{X
C°q-´¿ sNøp-∂X - .v
Xßƒ ]m]n-If - m-sW∂pw A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv t\cn´p tNmZn-®m¬ Ah≥
171
Xßƒ°v Imcyw km[n-®p-Xc - n-s√∂pw A√m-lp-hns‚ kmao]yw kn≤n®

]pWym-flm-°sf hnfn®v klmbw tXSn-bm¬ Ah-cXv F{Xbpw thKw
t\Sn-Øc- p-sa-∂p-ap≈ km[m-cW
- ° - m-cpsS A_-≤[ - m-cW
- b
- mWv F°m-eØpw
CØcw in¿°p-Iƒ kaq-lØ - n¬ IS-∂p-Iq-Sm\pw thcp-d° - m\pw Imc-Wam-
bn-´p-≈X
- v. hn{K-l]- q-P°p≈ \ymbo-Ic - W
- a
- mbpw CXp-∂b - n-°m-dp-≠v. Cu
[mcW Xncp-Øm≥ IqSn-bmWv {]hm-NI - ≥am¿ ITn-\m-≤zm\w sNbvXn-´p-≈-
Xv. AXns‚ t]cn-emWv Ah¿ FÆ-a‰ XymK-ßƒ kln-®n-´p-≈X - pw. \qlv
\_n(-A)-bpsS P\X AI-s∏-ń-cp∂ _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[\m k{º-Zm-bs - Ø-
°p-dn®v Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:
(A-h¿ ]d™p: \nßƒ kz¥w ssZh-ßsf ssIhn-Sc - p-Xv. h±v, kphm-Av,-

bKq-kv, bDu-Jv, \kv¿ F∂n-hsb \nßƒ ssIhn-Sc
- p-Xv.)(-\qlv 23)
C_v\p A∫mkv CXv Cßs\ hymJym-\n-°p∂p:
(\q-lns‚ P\-Xb - n¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ Nne \√ a\p-jy-cpsS t]cp-If - m-Wn-h.

Ah¿ acn-®t- ∏mƒ ]nimNv Ah-cpsS ]n≥ap-d° - m¿°v Zp¿t_m-[\w \evIp-
I-bmbn: ""Ch¿ Ccp-∂n-cp∂ CS-ßf - n¬ Ah¿°p-th≠n {]Xn-aI - ƒ {]Xn-
jvTn-°pIbpw Ahbv°v Ah-cpsS t]cp-If - n-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-I'- 'sb∂v. Ah¿
Aßs\ sNbvXp. ]t£, Ah¿ Ahsb Bcm-[n-®n-cp-∂n-√. B Xe-ap-d
Ign-™p. ASpØ Xe-ap-d° - m-sW-¶n¬ AXp kw_-‘n® bYm¿Y ⁄m\w
e`n-°msX t]mhp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Aß-s\-bmWv B {]Xn-a-Isf Bcm-
[n®p XpS-ßn-bX
- v.)
CXp hni-Zo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v C_v\p lP-cn¬ AkvJ-em\n (d) Fgp-
Xp∂p:
(kp-sslen "XA-c
v o^n'¬ ]d-bp∂p: bKqkv BZ-ans‚ aI≥ ioYns‚ aI-
\m-sW∂v ]d-bs
- ∏-Sp-∂p. kphmDw tij-ap-≈h
- cpw Aßs\ Xs∂. P\-
ßƒ Ah-cpsS {]m¿Y\ sIm≠v ]pWyw -tX-Smdp≠mbn-cp-∂p. Aßs\
Ah-cn¬ Hcmƒ acn-®m¬ Ah¿ Abm-fpsS {]Xn-a°p cq]w \¬Ip-Ibpw
172
AXp sXm´v Xtem-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. alvem-Cu-ens‚ Imew hsc AXp

XpS¿∂p-h-∂p. ]ns∂ Ah¿ ]nim-Nns‚ hio-I-c-W-Øn¬s]´v Ahsb
Bcm-[n-®p-Xp-Sß
- n. Aßs\ AXv A⁄m-\I - m-esØ Ad-_n-If - n¬ Hcp
Ncy-bm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp.) (^-Xvlp¬_m-cn hmfyw 8, t]Pv 668)
Camw dmkn Fgp-Xp∂p:
(A-h¿ Cu hn{K-lß - f - {- Xbpw \n¿an-®Xv {]hm-NI - ≥am-cp-sSbpw {][m-\n-

I-fp-sSbpw cq]-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. Cu hn{K-lß - sf Bcm-[n-®m¬ A√m-lp-
hn-¶¬ Ah¿ Xßƒ°p-th≠n in]m¿i sNbvXp-sIm-≈p-sa-∂mWv Ah¿
hmZn-®n-cp-∂X - .v AXp t]mse-Øs - ∂-bmWv C°m-eØv Nne¿ alm≥am-cpsS
J_v-dp-Iƒ BZ-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ hym]r-X-cmbn ImWp-∂-Xpw. Ah-cpsS
hnizmkw Xßƒ Cu alm≥am-cpsS J_-dpIsf BZ-cn-°p-tºmƒ Ah¿
A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ Xß-fpsS in]m¿i-Ic - m-bn-Øo-cp-sa-∂m-W.v ) (X-^k v o-dp¬
I_o¿ hm. 4, t]Pv 556)
C\nbpw [mcmfw {]kvXm-h\ - I- f
- p-≠v. CXp kw_-‘a - mbn alm≥am-
cp-tS-Xmbn D≤-cn-°m≥. ssZ¿Ly-`bw AX-\p-hZ- n-°p-∂n-√. CkvXn-Km-kb - psS
CtX coXn-sb-°p-dn-®p-Xs - ∂-bmWv hna¿i-I≥ "Xh-p¬' F∂v ]d-bp-∂-
sX-¶n¬ kwibw th≠m, B Xh-pepw in¿°p Xs∂-bm-Wv.
Xh-p-ens‚ as‰mcp coXn-bp-≠v. Hcm-fpsS "ZmØv', "lJvJv', "Pmlv',
"_¿°Øv' F∂nh aptJ\ Imcy-km-[y-Øn-\mbn A√m-lp-thmSv {]m¿Yn-
°p-Ib - m-WX- v. CXns‚ \nb-ak - m-[p-Xs - b-∏‰n ]WvUn-X≥am¿°v A`n-{]m-
b-hy-Xym-ka - p-≠v. AXv _nZvA - Øv ap≥I-dØ - m-sW-∂s{X Camw A_q-l-
\o-^b - psS ]£w. AXv PmC-km-sW∂p ]d-™h - cpw C√m-Xn-√. AXn-\m¬
AXpw Dt]-£n-°e - mWv kq£vaX - .
C\n aq∂m-as - Xmcp Xcw Xh-p¬ IqSn-bp-≠.v kz¥w \≥a-°mbn A√m-
lp-thmSv {]m¿Yn-°m≥ a‰p-≈h - t- cmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I. AXv A`n-Im-ay-amb
H∂mbn Xs∂-bmWv F√m-hcpw Icp-Xp-∂X - .v \_n(-k) Da-dn(-d)-t\mSv {]m¿Yn-
°m-\m-hi - y-s∏-´Xv Cu C\-Øn¬s]´Xm-W.v
CXp kz¥-Øn\p th≠n am{X-a√ - , kaq-lØ - n-\p-th-≠nbpw Bh-iy-
s∏-Smw. \_n(-k) Hcn-°¬ PpapA {]kwKw \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cnt° Hcp
{Kmao-W≥ h∂v ag-°p-th≠n {]m¿Yn-°m-\m-hi - y-s∏-´Xpw \_n(-k)-bpsS
ac-Wt- ijw Da-dn(-d)-t\mSv ag-°p-th≠n {]m¿Yn-°m-\m-hi - y-s∏-´X- p-sams°
AXn-\p≈ sXfn-hp-If - m-W.v
Da¿(-d) A∫m-kn(-d)-t\mSv ag-°p-th≠n {]m¿Yn-°m≥ ]d™ kw`hw
173
Camw A_q-l\ - o^ "_nZvA- Øv ap≥I-dsØ'∂v ]d™v Bt£-]n® C\w

Xh-p-ens\ \ymbo-Ic- n-°m-\p≈ sXfn-hmbn Nne¿ D≤-cn-°m-dp-≠v. Bb-
Xn-\m¬ AXns‚ bYm¿Y \ne {Kln-°m≥ D]-Ic - n-°p-sa∂v IcpXn AXn-
hnsS D≤-cn-°mw. Camw _pJmcn D≤-cn-°p∂p: A\kv (d) ]d™p:
(£maw _m[n-®m¬ ag-°p-th≠n {]m¿Yn-°m≥ Da-dp-_v\p¬ JØm-_v,

A∫m-kp_v\p A_vZn¬ apØ-en-_n-t\mSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXm-
bXv Da¿ ]dbpw: ""A√m-lp-th, Rßƒ a-g° - p-th≠n Rß-fpsS {]hm-N-
I≥ aptJ\ \nt∂mSv {]m¿Yn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. At∏m-sg√mw \o
Rßƒ°v ag h¿jn®p Xcn-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. C∂n-t∏mƒ Rßƒ Rß-
fpsS {]hm-NI - s‚ ]nXr-hy≥ aptJ\ \nt∂mSv tNmZn-°p-∂p. Rßƒ°v
\o ag h¿jn®p Xtc-Wta! A\kv ]d™p: Aßs\ Ah¿°v ag e`n-
°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.)
acn-®h - ¿ aptJ-\b- p≈ "Xh-p-en\v' CsXm-cn-°epw sXfn-hm-Ip-∂n√
F∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw. lZo-kn¬ ]d™ Imcy-ßƒ Cßs\ kw{K-
ln°mw:
1. \_n(-k) Pohn-®n-cp-∂t- ∏mƒ Bfp-Iƒ \_n(-k)sb kao-]n-®p-sIm≠v
ag-°p-th≠n {]m¿Yn-°m≥ Ahn-St- Øm-St- ]-£n-°b - m-bn-cp∂p ]Xn-h.v
2. \_n(-k) acn-®X- n¬ ]ns∂ P\-ßƒ Ahn-SsØ ]nXr-hy-\mb A∫m-
kns\ kao-]n-®p-sIm≠v At±-lt- ØmSv {]m¿Yn-°m-\m-hi - y-s∏-´p.
3. lZo-kn¬ "Xh-p¬' F∂ ]Zw {]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Pohn-®n-cn-
°p∂ Bfp-Isf kao-]n-®p-sIm≠v {]m¿Yn-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂X - n-∂m-
Wv.
4. \_n(-k)-bpsS ac-Wt- ijw Ahn-SsØ hnip-≤ntbm amlm-flytam
ap≥\n-dpØn Datdm A∫mtkm (d) {]m¿Yn-®n-√. adn®v Da¿(-d) A∫m-kn(-
d)-t\mSv {]m¿Yn-°m-\m-hi - y-s∏-´p. At±lw {]m¿Yn-®p. C{X-bp-amWv lZo-
kns‚ kmcw.
acn-®h - ¿ aptJ\ "Xh-p¬' sNøm-sa∂v Da-dn(-d)\v A`n-{]m-ba - p-≠m-
bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ A∫m-kn(-d)s\ kao-]n-°p-∂X - n-\p-]I
- cw At±lw sNøp-
I, \_n(-k)-bpsS alXzw FSpØp]d™v Cßs\ {]m¿Yn-°p-I-bm-bn-
cp∂p: ""A√m-lp-th, apl-ΩZv \_n(-k)-bpsS "lJvJv' sIm≠v Rßƒ°v
ag h¿jn-®p-Xt- c-Wta!'' F∂m¬ At±lw A{]-Imcw {]m¿Yn-®n-√.
CXp kw_-‘n®v kpss_-dp_v\p _p°m¿ "A≥km_v' F∂ {KŸ-
Øn-ep-≤c - n® `mKw ^Xvlp¬_m-cn-bn¬ C{]-Imcw ImWmw:
174
(D-a¿ ag-°p-th≠n {]m¿Yn-°m≥ ]d-™t- ∏mƒ A∫mkv ]d™p: A√m-

lp-th, ]m]w Imc-Wa- m-b√ - msX Hcp \mihpw kw`-hn-®n-ń-√. ]›m-Øm]w
hgnb√msX AX-I‰- s - ∏-ń-´p-an√. Bfp-Iƒ Rm≥ aptJ\ CXm \ns∂ A`n-
ap-Jo-Ic
- n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. \ns‚ {]hm-NI - \ - p-ambn F\n-°p≈ {]tXyI _‘-
am-Wv AXn\v Imc-Ww. CXm ]m]-]¶ - n-ea - mb Rß-fpsS ssIIƒ \n∂n-
te-°p-b¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Rß-fpsS inc-p-Iƒ ]›m-Øm-]w-sIm≠v \ns‚
apºn¬ Ip\n-bp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ Rßƒ°v \o ag h¿jn®mepw! ]¿h-X-
ßƒ IWt° BImiw taLm-hr-Xa - m-bn. `qan t£aw sIm≠v \nd-™p.
P\-ßƒ BÀm-Z] - q¿hw Pohn-®p.) (^-Xvlp¬ _mcn, hm. 6, t]. 497)
Bfp-Iƒ C∂v Ah-ew-_n-®p-hc - p∂ Xh-p-ens‚ coXn A\p-hZ- \ - o-b-
a√ F∂-Xn-\mWv Cu kw`hw sXfn-hm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv. "lJvJv', "Pmlv'
"_¿°Øv' BZn-bmb {]tbm-Kß - s
- fm∂pw Cu lZo-kn-se-hn-sS-bp-an√ F∂-
XmWv Imc-Ww.
as‰mcp hmZ-ap-≈Xv "hkoe' F∂ ]Zw Jp¿-B≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-s≠-
∂pw Xh-p-ens‚ ASn-ÿm\w AXm-sW-∂p-am-W.v k¬°¿aw˛ ˛
F∂ A¿Y-Øn-emWv Jp¿-B≥ AXp-]t- bm-Kn-®n-´p-≈X - .v A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv
IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ ASp-°m≥ {ian-°p-I. AXn-\p≈ hgn-tX-SpI F∂n-ß-
s\-bmWv AXns‚ hnh-£.
Camw dmkn Fgp-Xp∂p:
175
("hn-izm-kn-I-tf, \nßƒ A√m-lp-hns\ kq£n-°p-Ibpw Ah-¶-te°v

hkoe tXSp-Ibpw sNøp-I'....... At∏mƒ sX‰p-˛I - p-‰ß
- f
- n¬ Dd-®p-\n¬°p-
∂-Xnepw ASn-a°v \mYs\ {]m]n-°m-\p≈ am¿K-am-Ip∂ ]pWy-I¿a-ß-
fn¬\n∂v AI-∂p-\n¬°p-∂-Xnepw PqX≥am¿ ImWn-°p∂ [m¿jvSyw
\nßƒ a\-n-em-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p-ht- √m. AXn-\m¬ hnizm-kn-It- f, \nßƒ
CXn\v hncp-≤-amb \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-°p-∂-hcpw A√m-lp-hns\ [n°-cn-
°msX kq£n-°p-∂h - cpw A√mlp \n›-bn-®p-X∂ ]pWy-ßƒ sNbvXp-
sIm≠v A√m-lp-hn-te°v ASp-°p-∂h - c- p-am-hpI F∂v ]d-™X - p-t]m-se-
bm-bn...... [{]iv\w c≠v] BsI _m[yX c≠v C\-ß-fn¬ ]cn-an-X-am-Wv.
aq∂m-as - Xm-cn\w AXn-en-√. [H-∂v:] \ntcm-[n-°s - ∏´ Imcy-ßƒ h¿Pn-°p-I-
bm-W.v "\nßƒ A√m-lp-hns\ kq£n-°pI' F∂ hmIyw AXmWv kqNn-
∏n-®-Xv. [c-≠v:] A\p-im-k-\-Iƒ {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-I. "Ah-¶-te-°p≈
hkoe tXSpI' F∂ hmIy-Øns‚ kqN\ AXn-te-°m-W.v '' [aq-∂m-asØ
{]iv\w] F∂Xv bpsS BWv. Ah-¶-te°v ASp-°p-
tºm-gmWv A{]-Imcw ]d-bp-I. {]kn≤ Ihn e_oZv ]d™p: ""Rm≥ Bfp-
Isf ImWp∂p; kz¥w \ne-]mSv F¥m-sW∂v Ah¿°-dn-bn-√. Adn-bpI:
_p≤n-bp-≈h - s
- cms° A√m-lp-hn-te-°S- p-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂h - c
- m-W.v '' e£y-
Øn-te-°S- p-°m-\p≈ am¿K-amWv hko-e. At∏mƒ Dt±-iyw, A√m-lp-hns‚
Xr]vXn Ic-ÿa- m-°m≥ th≠n Ah-¶t- e-°p≈ hgn At\z-jn-°pI F∂m-
bn. AXm-Is´ Bcm-[\ - I
- fpw ]pWy-I¿a-ßfpw sIm≠p am{Xta km[y-
am-hp-Ib - p-≈q.) (dm-kn. hmfyw 3, t]Pv 399)
C_v\p Iko¿ FgpXp∂p:
(Ah¶-te°v \nßƒ hkoe tXSp-I. "C_v\p A∫mkv ]d-™p, AXns‚

A¿Yw []p-Wyw] F∂m-sW-∂v. JXmZ ]d-™p, Ahs\ A\p-k-
cn®pw Ahs\ Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ I¿aw sNbvXpw Ah-t\m-SS- p-°pI F∂m-
sW-∂v. Ch¿ ]d™ C°m-cy-Øn¬ Jp¿-B≥ hymJym-Xm-°ƒ°n-Sb - n¬
A`n-{]m-bm-¥c- a- n-√. e£y-km-[y-Øn\v kzoI-cn-°p∂ am¿K-Øn-\mWv hkoe
F∂p ]d-bp-∂X - v.) (C_v\p Iko¿. hmfyw 2, t]Pv 52)
176
CXmWv Jp¿-B-\n¬ ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏´ hko-e. Cu X^vko-dp-I-

f-{Xbpw X≈n-°-f-™mte Jp¿-B≥ ]d™ hkoe aä-d-™-h-
cpsS lJvJpw Pmlpw _¿°-Øp-sam-s°-bm-sW∂p hmZn-°m≥ ]‰q.
At∏mƒ acn-®p-t]m-b-h-sc-s°m-≠p≈ hkoe Ckvem-an-I-a-s√∂v ]d-
bp-∂-htcm AX-√, acn-®p-t]m-b-hsc hko-e-bm°n {]m¿Yn-°p-∂Xv
]pWy-am-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂-htcm \qX\ hmZn-I-sf∂v hmb-\-°m¿ Xocp-
am-\n-°p-I.*
* "CkvXn-Kmk'sb°p-dn® khn-kX v c
- - ]-T\
- Ø
- n\v sF.-]n.-F®
- ns‚ "CkvXn-Kmk Ckvem-
an-Ih
- o-£W
- Ø
- n¬' hmbn-°p-I.
177
]sØm-ºXv
P∑\m apkven-am-hp-I-bn√!
Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-s°-Xn-cn-ep≈ as‰m-cm-tcm-]Ww CXmWv: ""Hcp
apkvenw-Kr-lØ - n¬ PmX-\m-bX - p-sIm≠v apkven-amhp-Ib - n-s√∂pw Ah\pw
bYm¿Y apkven-am-°p∂ Xs‚ ]m¿ń-bn¬ tNc-Ws - a-¶n¬ At±-lØ - ns‚
kwL-S\m `mc-hm-ln-If - psS apºn¬ sh®v km£y-hmIyw ]pXp-°W - s - a-
∂p-amWv auZqZn aXw.'' (P-am-AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\h - pw
t]Pv: 34)
hna¿i-I≥ ÿm]n-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂Xv Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bn¬ AwK-
Xz-sa-Sp-°p-tºmƒ ilm-Z-Øp-I-ena D®-cn-°-W-sa∂v \n¿tZ-in-®n-´p-≈-Xv,
]m¿ń°p ]pd-Øp≈ apkvenw-I-sf-sbm∂pw Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-°m¿
apkvenw-If - mbn KWn-°m-ØX - p-sIm-≠m-sW-∂m-W.v At±lw AXp ka¿Yn-
°p-∂Xp ImWp-I:
""apkvenw _lp-P-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v auZqZn Fgp-Xp∂p: "Cu kwL-S-\-
bn¬ apkvenw Krl-Øn¬ PmX-\m-hp-Itbm apkvenw \ma-Øn¬ Adn-bs - ∏-
Sp-Itbm sNøp-∂-h¿ apkvenw-I-fm-sW-∂p≈ k¶-ev]-Øn¬ Hcm-sfbpw
Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-Ib - n-√' (Z-kXv q¿ Pam-AsØ Ckveman lnµv. t]Pv 19). XpS¿∂v
At±lw Fgp-Xp∂p: "Cu kwL-Øn¬ tNc-Ws - a-¶n¬ Ien-aXp Xzøn_
(]-cn-ip≤ hmIyw)-bpsS icn-bmb ⁄m\w Ic-KX - a- m-t°-≠Xp \n¿_‘
\n_-‘\ - b - m-W.v .. Aßs\ ]q¿W-t_m-[t- Øm-Sp-IqSn At±-lØ - ns‚ ]q¿h-
hn-izmkw Ct∏mƒ ]pXp-°p-Ibpw thWw.'' (P-am-AsØ Ckveman, ho£-
Whpw hna¿i-\h - pw t]Pv 32, 33). h
- n-a¿i-Is‚ as‰mcp sXfnhv JpXp-_m-
Ønse Xmsg hmIy-am-Wv: ""Hcp apkven-ans‚ ]p{Xt\m ]u{Xt\m Bb-
Xp-sIm≠v am{Xw Hcph≥ apkven-am-hptam? Hcmfpw P≥a\m apkven-am-hp-
I-bn√!'' (Jp-Xp-_mØv: 3 ae-bm-fw) Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw
hna¿i-\h - pw. t]Pv : 34)
178
CtXm-sSm∏w a\p-jy≥ hwi-_‘w sIm≠v am{Xw apkven-am-hp-

sa∂v ÿm]n-°m-\p≈ hrYm {iahpw hna¿i-I≥ \S-Øp-∂p-≠v. Jp¿-
B\pw ^nJvlv {KŸ-ßfpw Xs∂-bmWv {][m\hew_w. hna¿i-
I≥ D≤-cn-°p∂ Jp¿-B≥ kq‡w CXmWv:
(hn-iz-kn-°p-Ibpw hnizm-kt- Øm-Sp-IqSn kz¥w k¥m-\ß- ƒ Xßsf ]n¥p-

S-cp-Ibpw sNbvX-h¿; Ah-cpsS k¥m-\-ßsf \mw Ah-tcmSv tN¿Øp
sImSp-°pw. Ah-cpsS I¿a-Øn¬ \mw Ah¿°v Aev]hpw Ipdhv hcp-Øp-
I-bn-√.)
Cu BbØv ]t£, hna¿i-I\v {]Xn-Iq-ea - mb sXfn-hm-sW-∂X
- mWv
hkvXp-X. AXns‚ hnh-cW - Ø- n¬ C_v\p-Ik - o¿ Fgp-Xp∂p:
(C_v\p A∫mkv ]d™p: A√mlp kXy-hn-izm-kn-bpsS k¥m-\ß - sf

I¿a-Øn¬ Ah¿ Ahs‚ Xmsg-bm-sW∂p h∂m¬ t]mepw Ahs‚ ]Z-
hn-bn-te-°p-b¿Øpw. Ah¿ hgn Ah≥ kt¥m-jn-°m-\m-WX - .v .....'' C_v\p
A∫mkv ]d™p: kXy-hn-izm-kn-bpsS kXy-hn-izm-kn-bmbn acn® k¥m-
\-ßf - m-Wh - ¿. ]nXm-°f - psS ÿm\w Ah-cpsS ÿm\-sØ-°mƒ Db¿∂-
Xm-sW∂p h∂m¬t]mepw Ah¿ ]nXm-°t- fm-sSm∏w tN¿°-s∏-Spw. ]nXm-
°ƒ°m-Is - ´, Ah¿ sNbvX I¿a-ßf - n¬ H´pw Ipd-h\
- p-`h
- s
- ∏-Sp-Ib - p-an-√......
C_v\p A∫m-kn¬\n∂v Hu^n D≤-cn-°p∂p: ""BcpsS k¥m-\ß - f - mtWm
hnizmkw Dƒs°m-≈p-Ibpw F∂n´v Fs∂ A\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXX - ,v Ahsc Rm≥ Ah-cpsS hnizmkw IW-°n-se-SpØv kz¿K-Øn¬
{]th-in-∏n-°pw. Ah-cpsS sNdnb Ipń-Iƒ Ah-tcm-sSm∏w tN¿°-s∏-Sp-
Ibpw sNøpw.)
hnizm-kn-If - mb k¥m-\ß - s
- f-°p-dn-®mWv Jp¿-B≥ Cu kq‡-Øn¬
{]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. {]mb-]q¿Øn h∂-h-sc-°p-dn®v am{Xta kmt¶-Xn-I-
ambn kXy-hn-izm-kn-sbt∂m kXy-\n-tj-[n-sbt∂m ]d-bp-Ib - p-≈q. am{X-
hp-a√- , tIhe ]nXr- ˛]p{X_‘w sIm≠v bmsXmcp {]tbmP-\h - p-an-s√∂Xv
apkvenw ]WvUn-X≥am¿ H∂-S¶w ]d-™n-´p≈ Imcy-hp-am-Wv. Jp¿-B≥
13-˛mw A[ym-bØ - n¬ 23-˛mw kq‡-amb F∂-Xn¬
179
˛kpIrXw sNøp-I˛ F∂ hnti-j-WsØ A[n-I-cn®v {]kn≤

Jp¿-B≥ hymJym-Xm-hmb Camw \k^n Fgp-Xp∂p:
(kp-IrXwsIm≠v Ahsc hnti-jn-∏n-®Xv hwi-_‘w bmsXmcp {]tbm-P-

\hpw sNøp-Ib
- n-s√∂v a\-n- em-°m-\m-W.v )
Camw ss_Zmhn Fgp-Xp∂p:
(kpIrXw sNøpI F∂ D]m-[n-sh-®X - n¬ tIhe hwi-_‘w bmsXmcp

{]tbm-P\ - hpw sNøp-Ib - n-s√-∂X- n\v sXfn-hp-≠v.)
""Hcp Ipńsb K¿`w [cn-°p-tºmƒ amXm-]n-Xm-°f - n¬ Hcmƒ apkven-am-
bm¬ Ipń apkven-am-sW∂v CPvam-Av sIm≠v ÿnc-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p'' F∂v
Xplv^bpw apKv\nbpw \nlmbbp-sams° D≤-cn®v sXfnhv \nc-Øp∂
hna¿i-I≥ auZq-Znbpw Pam-AsØ Ckvem-anbpw A°mcyw \ntj-[n-°p-
∂-h-cm-sW∂v ÿm]n-°m-\p≈ hrYm-{i-a-Øn-te¿s∏-ń-cn-°-bm-Wv.
K¿`ÿinip apkven-am-sW∂v ]d-™X - ns‚ Dt±iyw t]mepw a\-n-em-
°m-sX-bmWv CsXms° Fgp-Xn-∏n-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xv F∂-XmWv hkvXp-X.
ùXnI hyh-lm-cß - f - n¬ Xo¿∏v Iev]n-t°-≠n-hc- p-tºmƒ AØcw Ipń-
Isfbpw apkvenw-If - mbn ]cn-KW - n-°p-Ibpw Ckvem-anI \nbaw Ah¿°p-
IqSn _m[-I-am-°p-Ibpw sNøpw F∂ A¿Y-Øn-emWv apkvenw-am-Xm-]n-
Xm-°ƒ°v P\n® Ipń apkven-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏Spw F∂v ]d-™-Xv.
A√msX kmt¶-Xn-Im¿Y-Øn¬ Ahs‚ Cuam\n-s\-°p-dn®v hn[n ]d-bp-
I-b√
- . kz¿K-{]-th-i\- Ø- ns‚ Imcy-am-sW-¶n¬ kXy-\n-tj-[n-If - psS Ipń-
Iƒt]mepw kz¿K-Øn¬ {]th-in-°p-sa∂pw Ahsc kXy-\n-tj-[n-If - mbn
hn[n-sb-gp-Xm≥ ]mSn-s√-∂p-amWv "Xplv^' Xs∂ ]d-bp-∂X - v.
(k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-If
- psS Ipń-Is
- f-°p-dn®pw CXp-Xs- ∂ ]d-bmw. Imc-Ww, Ah¿
kz¿K-Øn-em-Wv. At∏mƒ Ahsc kw_-‘n®pw Ip^v¿ hn[n-°m-hX - √
- .)
Xplv^b - n¬ Cu {]iv\w N¿® sNøp-∂X - m-Is
- ´, amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Adn-
b-s∏-Sm-Øh - \pw I≠p-In-ń-bh - \
- p-amb Ipń apkven-am-sW∂mtWm Aap-
kven-am-sW-∂mtWm Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠Xv F∂ N¿®-bn-emWv Xm\pw. Ipńsb
apkven-ambn IW-°m-°m≥ thsdbpw c≠v Imc-Wß - f - p-s≠∂v "\nlmb'-
bn¬ ]d-bp∂p. B `mK-amWv hna¿i-I≥ A]q¿W-ambn sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-
∂-Xv. AXv C{]-Im-ca - mWv:
180
(I≠p-In-ńb Ipń-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ k¶-e] v n-°m≥ km[y-a√ - mØ a‰p c≠v

Imc-Wß - f - m¬ IqSn Ipń apkven-amtWm F∂v Xocp-am-\n-°s - ∏-Spw. H∂v:
{]k-ha - mWv; K¿`-[m-cWw \S-°p-tºmƒ amXm-]n-Xm-°f - n¬ Hcm-sf-¶nepw
apkven-am-bm¬ Ipńbpw apkven-am-Wv. {]mb-]q¿Øn-°p-tijw Ah≥
\ntj[w {]I-Sn-∏n-®m¬ Ah≥ aX-{`-jvS\ - m-bn-Øo-cpw. C\n K- ¿`-[m-cWw
\S-°p-tºmƒ c≠p-t]cpw \ntj-[n-I-fm-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw A\-¥cw Hcmƒ
Ckvemw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXmepw Ipń apkven-am-sW∂v Xocp-am-\n-
°-s∏-Spw. {]mb-]q¿Øn-°p-tijw Ah≥ \ntj[w {]I-Sn-∏n-®m¬ Ah≥
aX-{`-jvS\- m-bn-Øo-cpw. Aß-s\-b√ - , Ah≥ ]mc-ºcy-ambn Xs∂ \ntj-
[n-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂mhpw hn[n-°pI F∂pw Hc-`n-{]m-b-ap-≠v. c≠v, Hcp
apkvenw˛ Ah≥ {`m¥t\m Ipńtbm Bcp-am-hs - ´˛ Hcp Ipńsb bp≤-Øn¬
XS-hp-Im-c\ - mbn ]nSn-Iq-Sn-bm¬ , _‘n-X\ - mb Ipń-bpsS IqsS apXn¿∂
Im^n-dp-s≠-¶n¬ t]mepw, amXm-]n-Xm-°f - n-emcpw IqsS-bn-s√-¶n¬ ]nSn-Iq-
Snb Bsf XpS¿∂v Ah\pw apkven-am-bn-Øo-cpw.)
C\n apkven-ans‚ Ipń Xs∂-bpw, {]mb-]q¿Øn ssIh-∂X - n-\p-tijw
Im^n-dm-bm¬ Ah≥ ap¿Ø-±m-sW-∂mtWm Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠X - v. AtXm
BZyta Im^n-dm-bn-cp-∂p-sht∂m? CXp kw_-‘n®v ]WvUn-X≥am¿°n-S-
bn¬ A`n-{]m-bm-¥-c-ap-≠v F∂v ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Camw dmkn Fgp-Xp-
∂p:
(hnizmkw ]q¿W-co-Xn-bn¬ Ipń-bn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. hnizmkn°p

sNdnb Ipń-bp-s≠-¶n¬ Ah\pw hnizm-kn-bm-sW∂mWv Xocp-am-\n-°p-I.
F∂m¬ {]mb-]q¿Øn ssIh-∂X - n\v tijw Ah≥ Ahn-izmkw {]I-Sn-
∏n-°p-Ibpw amXm-]n-Xm-°f - n¬ Bsc-¶n-ep-am-bp≈ ]n¥p-S¿® \ntj-[n-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXm¬ Ahs\ aX-{`-jvS\ - m-b√ ]cn-KW- n-°p-Is
- b∂pw kz¥w
{]Jym-]\w hgn Ah∂v ]n¥p-S¿®-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v hy‡-am-hp-sa∂pw
Hc-`n-{]m-ba- p-≠.v AX-√, BZyta apkven-am-bn-cp∂ Bsf-t∏m-se-Xs∂ hnizm-
kn-bm-sW∂v hn[n-sb-gp-Xnb tij-amWv Ah≥ \ntj-[n-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂X - .v
AXn-\m¬ Ahs\ aX-{`-jSv \ - m-bmWv ]cn-KW - n-°pI F∂pw A`n-{]m-ba- p-
181
s≠-∂X - mWv sXfn-hv. At∏mƒ Cu A`n-{]m-bm-¥cw Imc-Wa - mbn hy‡-

am-hp-∂Xv Ahs‚ hnizmkw ZrV-Xc - a- √ F∂m-W.v Cu c≠v hnh-cW - hpw
ka-Ji v cn ]d-™X - m-W.v )
C{Xbpw hnh-cn-®X - n¬\n∂v hy‡-am-hp-∂Xv CXmWv: Im^n-dns‚ Ipń-
sb-°p-dn®v Im^n-sd∂v hn[n ]d™p IqsS∂pw apkvenw-If - psS ]nSn-bn-e-
I-s∏´ Im^n-dns‚ Ipńbpw apkven-ambn KWn-°s-∏S- p-sa∂pw ]d™ AtX
A¿Y-Øn-emWv amXm-]n-Xm-°f - n-sem-cmƒ apkven-am-bm¬ Ipń apkven-am-
hp-sa∂v ^nJvlv {KŸ-ßf - n¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂X - .v AXm-bX - ,v \nb-aZ- rjvSym
Ah≥ apkven-amWv; XZ-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bn-cn°pw tImS-Xn-bn¬ Ahs‚
Imcyw ssIbm-fp-∂-Xv. {]mb-]q¿Øn-h∂ tijw Ah≥ apkven-amtWm
At√ F∂ Imcyw A∂sØ Ah-s‚-Øs∂ Xocp-am-\sØ B{i-bn-®m-
Wn-cn-°p-∂X - .v ZrV-t_m-[y-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ah≥ Ckvemw AwKo-Ic - n-°p-∂p-
sh-¶n¬ Ah≥ apkven-am-W.v Cs√-¶n-e√ - . A°m-cy-amWv auem\m auZqZn
JpXp-_m-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂X - .v
C{Xbpw hnh-cn-®X - n¬\n∂v a\-n-em-hp-∂X - n-Xm-W.v Bb-Ønepw lZo-
kn-ep-ap≈ ]cm-a¿iw, a\p-jy≥ A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ apkven-ambn ]cn-KW - n-°-
s∏-Sm-\p≈ am\-ZWvUw Ahs‚ Ipe-a√ - , BZ¿ihpw I¿a-hp-am-W.v JpXp-
_m-Øn¬ ]d-™Xpw as‰m-∂-√. hna¿i-I≥ FSp-Øp-sIm-SpØ hmIy-
Øns‚ apºpw ]nºp-ap≈ hcn-Iƒ Iqń-hm-bn-®m¬ A°mcyw hy‡-am-
hpw. AXv C{]-Im-ca - mWv:
""\mw km[m-cW ]d-™p-hc - m-dp≈ "apkvenw' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ Dt±-iy-
sa-¥m-sW∂v KmV-am-sbm∂p Nn¥n-®p-t\m-°pI! a\p-jy≥ amXm-hns‚ hb-
‰n¬\n∂v "Ckvemapw' sIm≠mtWm hcp-∂Xv? Hcp apkven-ans‚ ]p{Xt\m
]u{Xt\m Bb-Xp-sIm-≠p-am{Xw Hcmƒ apkven-am-Iptam? Hcp {_mlvaW - s‚
]p{X≥ {_mlvaW - \ - mbn P\n-°p-∂X - p-t]m-sebpw Hcp cP-]p-{Xs‚ aI≥
cP-]p-{X-\mbn P\n-°p-∂X - p-t]m-sebpw Hcp iq{Zs‚ aI≥ iq{Z-\mbn P\n-
°p-∂t- ]m-se-bp-amtWm apkvenw P\n-°p-∂Xv? apkvenw F∂Xv ]mc-ºc - y-
amtbm PmXo-ba- mtbm D≈ h√ amlm-fly-Ømepw e`n-°p∂ \ma-amtWm?
AXm-bXv Hcmƒ Bwt•b kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ P\n-°p-∂Xp sIm≠v am{Xw
Bwt•-b\ - m-bn-Øo-cp-∂X - p-t]m-sebpw as‰m-cmƒ A[x-IrXkap-Zm-bØ - n¬
P\n-°p-∂X - p-sIm≠v am{Xw A[x-Ir-X\ - m-bn-Øo-cp-∂X - p-t]msebpw apkvenw
kap-Zm-bØ - n¬ P\n-®XpsIm≠p-am{Xw Hcmƒ apkven-am-bn-Øo-cptam? Rm≥
tNmZn® tNmZy-ßƒ°v \nß-fpsS adp-]Sn F¥m-bn-cn°pw? bmsXm-cmfpw
P∑w sIm≠p-am{Xw apkven-am-Ip-∂n-√. Hcmƒ Ckvem-ans\ kzoI-cn-°p-
tºmgmWv apkven-am-Ip-∂X - .v AXns\ Dt]-£n-®m¬ apkven-am-bn-cn-°b - n-√.
Hcp hy‡n˛ Ah≥ {_m“-Wt\m cP-]p-{Xt\m A[x-Ir-Xt\m Bwt•-
bt\m A_vko-\n-b° - m-ct\m ]©m-_ntbm Bcp-Xs - ∂-bm-Is - ´˛ Ckvem-
ans\ kzoI-cn-°p-tºmƒ am{Xw apkvenw-kw-LØ - n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. "apkvenw'
Krl-Øn¬ P\n® Hcmƒ Ckvem-anI \n¿tZ-iß - f - \
- p-kc- n®v {]h¿Øn-°p-
182
∂n-s√-¶n¬ Ah≥ køn-Zn-s‚tbm ]Tm-Wn-bp-sStbm aI-\m-bn-cp-∂m¬

t]mepw apkvenw kwL-Øn¬\n∂v ]pd-Øp-t]m-IpI Xs∂ sNøpw. Cß-
s\-bt√ \nßƒ DØcw ]d-bp-I.'' (Jp-Xp-_m-Øv)
Cu D≤-cW- n-bn¬ ""Hcp apkven-ans‚ ]p{Xt\m ]u{Xt\m Bb-Xp-sIm-
≠p-am{Xw Hcp-h≥ apkven-am-hptam? Hcmfpw P∑\m apkven-am-hp-I-bn√''
F∂o c≠p hmIy-ßƒ AXpw CS-bv°p≈ At\Iw hmIy-ßƒ hn´p-If - -
™p-sIm≠v am{Xta hna¿iI≥ D≤-cn-®p-≈q. Hcp PmXn-bn¬ ]nd-°p-∂-
h≥ B PmXn-°m-c\ - m-hp-∂X
- p-t]mse apkvenw F∂Xv Hcp PmXn-t∏-cs- √∂pw
Ckvemw F∂ BZ¿iw AwKo-Ic - n®v AXns‚ tX´-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-°p-
tºmƒ h∂p-tN-cp∂ Hcp hnti-j-W-am-sW-∂p-ap-≈, Xßƒ Xs∂ ]e-
t∏mgpw G‰p ]d-bm-dp≈ Hcp bmYm¿Yy-amWv hna¿i-I≥ Pam-AØv hntcm-
[w sIm≠v A‘-\m-Ip-tºmƒ X≈n-∏d- b - p-∂X
- v.
Cuam\pw Ckvemapw ]c-kv]c ]qc-Iß - f - m-sW∂pw H∂n-√msX at‰-
Xp-≠m-hp-Ib
- n-s√-∂p-ap≈ Imcyw ˛¬ ]d-bp-∂Xp ImWpI:
(c≠v ilm-Z-Øp-Iƒ Dcp-hn-S¬, \a-kvIm-cw, kImØv BZn-bmb ]pWy-

I¿a-ßf - pƒs°m-≈p-∂, _mlym-hb - h- ß- ƒ sIm≠p≈ {]h¿Ø-\ß - f- mWv
Ckvemw. ap≥sNm∂ I¿a-ßƒ sNbvXp-sIm≠v Ckvemw kzoI-cn-°pI
F∂ _m[yX \nd-th-‰n-bX - mbn ]cn-KW - n-°s- ∏-SW- s- a-¶n¬ kXy-s∏-Sp-ØpI
F∂ A¿Y-Øn¬ apºv hnh-cn® Cuam≥ IqSntb Ign-bq.)
Ckvemw tIhew hwi-]m-cº - c - y-ambn e`n-°p∂ Hcp KpW-a√ - . {]hm-N-
I-\mb \qln(-A)s‚ ]p{X≥ apkven-am-bn-√. A√m-lp-hns‚ in£ G‰p-
hm-ßpI IqSn sNbvXp Abmƒ, A¥y-{]-hm-N-I≥ {]nb-]p-{Xn-tbmSv ]d-
™-Xv, ""^mØn-am, \c-IØ - n¬\n∂v kz¥sØ c£n-®p-sIm-≈p-I. A√m-
lp-hn¬\n∂v \n\-s°-s¥-¶nepw t\Sn-Ø-cm≥ F\n-°m-hn√'' F∂m-Wv.
hna¿i-I≥ D≤-cn® Jp¿-B≥ kq‡hpw AXp-Xs∂ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. hniz-
kn-®, hnizm-kt- Øm-Sp-IqSn XpS¿∂ F∂ c≠v {]tbm-KØ - nepw hnizmkw
(Cu-am≥) ASn-ÿm-\L - S- I - a
- mbn FSpØp ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.
"apkvenw Krl-Øn¬ P\n-°p-Itbm apkven-w\m-a-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-
Itbm sNøp-∂X - p-sIm≠p am{Xw Hcmƒ apkven-am-sW∂ k¶-ev]Ø - n¬,
Abmsf Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bn¬ tN¿°p-Ib - n-s√∂ \ne-]m-Sn\p t\sc-
bmWv hna¿i-Is‚ as‰m-cm-{I-aW - w. CXp-hsc ]d-™X - n¬\n-∂p-Xs∂ Cu
kwL-S\m hyh-ÿb - psS kmwKXyw hmb-\° - m¿°v t_m[y-s∏-ń-cn-°pw.
apkvenw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v P\n-®h - ¿s°√mw Pam-AØ - n¬ AwKXzw \¬In-
s°m-≈W - s- a-∂m-Wt√m hna¿i-Ih - m-ZØ - ns‚ adp-hi - w. apkvenw-IpSpw_ß-
183
fn¬ P\n® apkvenw t]cp≈ [mcmfw t]cp-≠v. Ah¿ A√m-lp-hn-

s\ \ntj-[n-°p-∂p. {]hm-N-Is\ \ntj-[n-°p-∂p.- ]-c-tem-IsØ
\ntj-[n-°p∂p. t\mºpw \a-kvIm-chpw Dt]-£n-°p-∂p. alm-]m-X-
Ihpw Ip^vdpw in¿°pw F√mw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. CJm-a-Øp-±o≥˛
Ckvem-ans‚ kºq¿W-amb kwÿm-]-\w˛ e£y-am°n {]h¿Øn-
°p∂ Pam- A sØ Ckv e m- a n- b n¬ Cß- s \- b p≈ F√m- h ¿°pw
AwKXzw \¬In-s°m-≈-W-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv ip≤ Akw-_-‘-a-√msX
as‰-¥mWv?
Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bn¬ AwKXzw e`n-°m≥, ""Ien-aX - p-Øz-øn-_(hn-
ip≤ hmIyw)-bpsS icn-bmb ⁄m\w Ic-KX - a- m-°epw ]q¿W t_m[-tØm-
Sp-IqSn ]q¿h hnizmkw ]pXp-°epw'' \n_-‘\ - b - mbn AwKo-Ic - n-®X- ns\
Pam-AØ - p-Im¿ Ah-c√ - m-Øh- sc Im^n-dp-If - mbn Icp-Xp-∂p-sh-∂X - n\p sXfn-
hmbn hna¿i-I≥ Zp¿hym-Jym\w sNøp-∂p. Hcmƒ Ckvem-an¬ {]th-in-
°p-tºmƒ Ien-aØ - p-Øu-loZv D®-cn-°W - s - a-∂p-≈Xv icn-Xs - ∂. A\-¥cw
Bcpw AXp-®c - n-°m≥ ]mSn-s√∂v h√ \nb-ahpw Dt≠m? Bh¿Øn-®p-cp-
hn-Sm≥ ]mSn-√mØ Hcp hN-\a - mtWm ]cn-ip≤ hmIyw. Hcmƒ Ien-aØ - p-
Øu-loZv D®-cn-°p-∂Xv tI´m¬ Abmƒ AXn\p apºv Im^n-dm-bn-cp∂p
F∂¿Y-apt≠m? F¶n¬ Hmtcm \a-kvIm-cØ - nepw Xi-lvlpZv (A-Øl - n-
øm-Ø)v HmXp-∂X - p-hsc \mtam-tcm-cp-Øcpw Im^n-dm-bn-cpt∂m? hy‡-amb
BZ¿i-e-£y-ß-fp≈ GXp kwL-S-\bpw AXn¬ tNcp∂ AwK-ß-sf-
s°m≠v Hcp {]Xn-⁄s- b-Sp-∏n-°m-dp≠v; Xm≥ kwL-S\ - b
- psS BZ¿i e£y-
ßƒ AwKo-Ic - n-°p-∂p-sh∂pw AXns‚ XmXv]c - y-a\ - p-kc - n®v {]h¿Øn-®p-
sIm-≈m-sa-∂pw. Ien-aØ - p-Øu-loZv Xs∂-bmWv Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bpsS
BZ¿iw, CJm-aX - p-±o≥ e£y-hpw. C\n Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bn¬ AwK-
Xz-sa-Sp-°p-∂h
- s- cs°m≠v ]d-bn-°m-hp∂ {]Xn-⁄m-hmIyw Ien-aØ - p-Øu-
lo-Zn-t\-°mƒ hnin-jvS-ambn as‰-¥m-Wp-≈Xv? CXmWv Pam-AsØ
Ckveman AXn¬ AwK-Xz-sa-Sp-°p-∂h - s- c-s°m≠v "Iena'sNm√n-°p-∂X - ns‚
s]mcpƒ. A√msX Ah-c-√m-Ø-h-cp-sS-˛-A-h-cpsS Xs∂ ap≥Im-esØ˛
Cuam-\n-s\bpw Ip^vdn-s\bpw kw_-‘n® hn[n-sbm∂pw AXn-eS- ß - n-bn-
ń-√. Ds≠∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv X\n I≈hpw sX‰n-≤c - n-∏n-°e - p-am-Wv.
hnip≤ hmIy-tØ-°mƒ DØ-ahpw al-Øc - h - p-amb {]Xn-⁄m-hmIyw
as‰m-∂n√. {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ ]d-™-Xnepw sh®v AXn-t{i-jvT-sa-∂mWv
\_n(k) AXns\ hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂X - .v ""`qan-bn¬ thcp-d® - Xpw. BIm-
iØv imJ-Iƒ ]¥-en®p \n¬°p∂''Xpamb hmIyw F∂v Jp¿-B\pw
AXns\ h¿Wn-°p-∂p. AXnepw t`Z-s∏-´Xpw D¬Ir-jSv h - p-amb Hcp {]Xn-
⁄m-hmIyw a‰p h√Xpw \n¿tZ-in-°m≥ hna¿i-I¿°p km[y-sa-¶n¬ khn-
\bw Ah-tcm-St- ]-£n-°p-∂p, AØ-cs - amcp {]Xn-⁄m-hmIyw ImWn-®p-X-
cn-I. Pam-AsØ Ckveman AXw-Ko-Ic - n-°m≥ k¿hm-fl\m k∂-≤a - m-bn-
cn-°pw.
hna¿i-I≥ FSp-Øp-Im-´p∂ c≠p {]iv\ß - f - p≠v: H∂v, "Im^n¿' apkven-
am-hp-∂Xv ]q¿W-amb Adnhv Ic-ÿa - m-°nb tij-am-hW - s - a-∂p≈ \n_-
184
‘\ GXp {KŸ-Øn¬ \n∂m-sW-Sp-Ø-sX-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv.

Jp¿-B≥-˛-l-Zo-kp-Iƒ-˛-D-kq-ens‚ {KŸ-ßƒ F∂n-h-bn¬\n-∂m-
sW-∂m-Wp-Ø-cw. Cuam≥, ilm-ZØv F∂o ]Z-ßƒ F¥¿Y-Øn-
em-Wp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-sb∂v hy‡-am-bm¬ A°m-cy-aw-Ko-I-cn-°m≥
{]bm-k-ap-≠m-hp-I-bn-√. A√m-lp-hns‚ GI-Xzw, ZnhyXzw, apl-Ω-
Zn(-k)s‚ {]hm-N-IXzw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®-dn-bp-tºmƒ am{Xta Ah
hniz-kn-°m≥ GsXm-cmƒ°pw km[y-am-hp-I-bp-≈q. B Adn-hns\
hm°n-eq-sSbpw I¿a-Øn-eq-sSbpw km£o-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv ilm-Z-Øv.
ZrV-t_m-[y-sa∂Xv hy‡-amb Adn-hns\ Bkv]-Zn-®mWv \n¬°p-
∂-Xv. hy‡-amb Adn-hn-√m-sX-bp≈ km£yw bYm¿Y km£y-am-
hp-∂n-√. hnip≤ hmIy-Ønse \ntj-[-˛-ÿn-co-I-c-W-ßƒ a\-n-em-
ImØ Hcmƒ°v B hmIy-Øns‚ Xm¬]-cy-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-XsØ
am‰n-∏W
- n-bp-hm≥ Ign-bp-Ib
- n-√.
Cu A`n-{]mbw Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an°p am{X-ap-≈-XmtWm? A√
F∂-XmWv bmYm¿Yyw. kakvX tIcf PwC-ø-Øp¬ De-am-bpsS Iogn-
ep≈ hnZym-`ymk t_m¿Uv {]mY-anI a{Z-kI - f
- nse A©mw-Xc
- Ø
- n¬ ]Tn-
∏n-°p∂ "InXm-_p-¬ ^nJvln'¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv ImWpI:
(Im^n-dns‚ Ckvemw km[y-am-hp-∂X - ,v D®-cn-°m≥ Ign-hp-≈h - ≥ c≠v ilm-

ZØv Ah-bpsS ]Z-L-S-\-tbmSpw Bi-b-{Km-ly-X-tbmSpw IqSn D®-cn-°p-
tºmƒ am{X-am-Wv. AXm-bX - v, Abmƒ lrZ-bØ - n¬ ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-®p-
sIm≠v "AivlZp A√m-Ce - ml C√-√mlp h AivlZp A∂ apl-ΩZ- ¿d-
kq-ep-√mln' F∂p ]d-bW - w.)
auZq-Zntbm Pam-AsØ Ckvem-antbm kwL-S\ - bv°p ]pd-Øp≈ H‰
apkven-an-s\bpw Im^n-dm-°m≥ Xp\n-™n-ń-√. auZqZn Xs∂ AXv C{]-
Imcw hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠:v
""{]nb kplr-Øp-°t- f, Rm≥ apkvenw-Isf Aap-kvenw-If - m-°p-hm≥
Xp\n™p ]pd-s∏-´X - m-sW∂v \nß-fmcpw sX‰n-≤c - n-°c - p-X.v Fs‚ Dt±iyw
AX-√. Rm≥ Nn¥n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xpw \nß-fn¬ Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Nn¥n-
°-Ws - a∂v Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂X - pw, A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-{Klw \ap-s°-
¥p-sIm≠v \jvSs - ∏-´p, \m\m-`m-KØ - p-\n∂pw F¥p-sIm≠v \ΩpsS ta¬
IjvS-\-jvS-ßƒ h∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p, \mw Ip^v^m¿ (-A-√m-lp-hns\
A\p-kc - n-°m-Øh - ¿) F∂p ]d-bp-∂h - ¿ Fhn-sSbpw \sΩ-°mƒ D∂Xn
{]m]n-®s - X-ßs - \, A√m-lp-hns\ A\p-kc - n-°p-∂h- c- m-sW-∂`- n-am-\n-°p∂
\mw Fhn-sSbpw F¥p-sIm-≠[ - x-]X - n®p F∂o kwK-Xn-Is - f-°p-dn-®m-Wv.
CXns‚ aqe-Im-cW - w, \mapw Aap-ke v nw-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw Ct∏mƒ
t]cn¬ am{Xta Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p≈q F∂-Xm-sW-∂mWv Fs‚ KmV-amb
185
Nn¥-bpsS ê-ambn F\n°p {Kln-°p-hm≥ Ign-™-Xv. F¥p-sIm-

s≠-∂m¬ A√m-lp-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ A{i-≤-bnepw `‡n-lo-\-X-
bnepw A\p-k-c-W-an-√m-bva-bnepw \mw Aap-kvenw-I-fpsS H´pw ]n∂n-
e-√.''(Jp-Øp-_m-Ø v)
"Pam-AsØ Ckveman e£yw, am¿Kw' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬
]d-bp∂p: ""Pam-AØpambn _‘-s∏´ GsX-¶nepw Hcp hy‡nsb
kw_-‘nt®m Pam-A-Øns\ kw_-‘n-®p-Xs∂bptam Aan-X-amb
bmsXmcp hnizm-khpw Rßƒ sh®p]pe¿Øp-∂n-√. Rß-fpsS
kwL-S-\ am{X-amWv kXy-sa-t∂m, AXn¬ {]th-in-°m-Ø-h-sc√mw
Ckvem-an\p ]pd-Øm-sWt∂m Rßƒ Icp-Xp-∂n-√. Cu hkvXpX
]e-t∏mgpw Rßƒ {]Jym-]n®p Ign-™n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. Pam-AØns‚
`c-W-L-S\ Xs∂bpw Cu hkvXpX Du∂n-∏-d-bp∂p≠v'' (P-am-AsØ
Ckveman e£yw am¿Kw t]Pv 71-˛72)
Pam-AØv {]h¿Ø-I¿ Pam-AØ - n\p ]pd-Øp-≈h - ¿°p kemw ]d-bp-
∂Xpw Ah-sc X - p-S¿∂v \a-kI v c- n-°p-∂Xpw Ah-cp-ambn hnhm-l_ - ‘ - Ø - n¬
G¿s∏-Sp-∂Xpw Ah¿°v th≠n P\mk \a-kvIc - n-°p-∂X - p-sa√mw Xs∂
Pam-A-Øn\p ]pd-Øp≈ ktlm-Z-c-ßsf Ah-sc-t∏m-se-Ø-s∂-bp≈
apkvenw-If - mbn Icp-Xp∂p F∂v hnfn-t®m-Xp∂ kwK-Xn-If - m-Wv. F∂n´pw
Pam-A-Øp-Im¿ CXc apkvenw-Isf Im^n-dm-°p∂psh∂m-Wm-t£-]w.
Aßs\ Bt£-]n-°p-∂-tXm, Pam-A-Øp-Im¿°p kemw ]d-bp-∂Xpw
Ahsc XpS¿∂v \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂Xpw Ah¿°p-th≠n P\mk \a-kvI-cn-
°p-∂X - p-sa√mw sX‰m-sW∂v hmZn-°p-∂h - c - pw.
Pam-A-Øn¬ AwK-Xz-sa-Sp-°p-tºmƒ ilm-ZØv ]pXp-°p-∂-Xns‚
Xm¬]-cy-sa-¥m-sW∂v Pam-AsØ Ckveman ÿm]n-X-amb BZy-\mƒ
Xs∂ AXns‚ h‡m-°ƒ hni-Zo-Ic - n-®X- m-Wv. 1941 BKÃv 28-˛\v emtlm-
dn¬, PamAsØ Ckveman cq]o-Ir-Xa- m-bt- ijw sXm´p-Ss\ IqSnb AXns‚
iqd-˛I- q-Sn-bm-tem-N\m kan-Xn˛ FSpØ Xocp-am-\ß - f - n¬ Cßs\ ImWmw:
""Pam-AØ - n¬ ]pXp-Xmbn Hcmƒ {]th-in-°p-tºmƒ Abm-fpsS ta¬
h∂p-tN-cp∂ DØ-ch - m-Zn-XzsØ icn°p t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-SpØv Abm-
sf-s°m≠v ]cn-ip-≤h - mIyw D®-cn-∏n-t°-≠X - m-W.v F∂m¬ Cßs\ Cuam≥
]pXp-°p-∂X - ns‚ A¿Yw Abmƒ CXp-hsc Aap-kven-am-bn-cp-∂p-sht∂m
Ct∏mƒ apkven-am-hp-Ib - m-sWt∂m H∂p-a√ - . adn®v, Abm-fp-sSbpw A√m-
lp-hn-s‚-bp-an-S°p BZyw apX¬°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ DS-ºS- nsb Ct∏mƒ H∂p-
Iq-Sn- ]p-Xp-°p-Ibpw AXns\ IqSp-X¬ \njvI-f-¶hpw kpi-‡-hp-am-°n-
Øo¿°p-Ibpw sNbvIs - b-∂Xp am{X-amWv AXns‚ Xm¬]-cyw.''({]-t_m-
[-\w, ]pkvXIw 1, t]Pv 126)
Pam-AØ - n¬ AwK-Xz-sa-Sp-°p-tºmƒ ilm-ZØv Dcp-hn-Sp-∂X - n\v {]tbm-
Kn® ]Zw Xs∂ ]pXp-°p-I-˛-X-PvZo-Zv˛ F∂-Xm-sW∂ Imcyw {]tXyIw
{it≤-ba - m-W.v ""emC-eml C√-√mlv' F∂p-cp-hn-´p-sIm≠v hnizmkw ]pXp-
°pI''sb∂v lZo-kn¬ Xs∂ h∂n-´p-≈X - m-Wv. ]≠v"- hbfv' ]d-bp-tºmƒ
186
ap{In CS-bv°n-S°p "hnizmkw ]pXp-°p-hn≥' F∂v hnfn-®p-]-d-bpI

]Xn-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn ]g-a-°m¿ ]d-™p-tI-ń-´p-≠v. As∂m∂pw
]cn-ip-≤-hmIyw Dcp-hn-Sp-tºmƒ Ah¿ AXn\papºv Aap-kvenw-I-fm-
bn-cp-∂pthm F∂v B¿°pw i¶-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
Ckvem-an¬ {]th-in-°m-\p≈ Hcp-]m[n am{X-am-b√ ]cn-ip≤
Ien-a-bp-®-cn-°m≥ Ckvemw \n¿tZ-in-®-Xv. apºv Im^n-dm-bn-cp-∂-h¿t°
AXv sNm√n-°qSq F∂p-an-√. hnizm-kn-Iƒ Xs∂ Zn\w-{]Xn ]e-hpcp
AXm-h¿Øn-°pI \n¿_-‘-amWv; _m¶p-hn-fn-°p-tºmƒ, CJm-aØv
sImSp-°p-tºmƒ, \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬, Pap-A-Jp-Øp-_-bn¬, {]kw-K-ß-
fpsS Bap-J-Øn¬ Cßs\ ]e kµ¿`-ß-fn-embn AXv sNm√n-s°m-
≠n-cn-°p-∂p. t\csØ apkven-a-√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠-√, D≈ hnizmkw
]pXp-°pI am{X-amWv AXn-s‚-sb√mw Dt±-iyw.
]pd-Øp≈ apkvenw-If - n¬ Xß-sf-°mƒ XJvhbpw ]mfin-Xy-hp-ap-≈-
h-cp-s≠∂v Pam-AØ - p-Im¿ Bflm¿Y-am-bn-Øs∂ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Pam-
A-Øn\p ]pd-Øp≈ apkvenw-Iƒ Ckvem-an\v ]pd-Øm-sW-∂,v h√-t∏mgpw
]d-bp-Ib - m-hs - ´, Aßs\ k¶¬]n-°p-Is - b-¶n-ep-am-hs´ Pam-AØv Hcn-
°epw sNbvXn-ń-√.
\_n(-k)°p tijw DS-se-SpØ Ckvem-anI kwL-S\ - I
- ƒ ]e-Xn\pw
]‰nb {][m\ ]niIv hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v auZqZn FgpXn:
""{]hm- N - I s‚ Ime- Ø p≈ "A¬P- a m- A Øn's‚ ÿm\- a mWv
Xßƒ°pap-≈s - X∂v sX‰n-≤c - n®v Xß-fpsS Pam-AØ - n¬ hcm-Øh - c - mcpw
apkvenwI-fs - √∂v hn[n-Ie - v]n-®p. Xß-fpsS Aao-dn-s\tbm Cam-an-s\tbm
F√m-hcpw AwKo-Ic - n-®p-sIm-≈W - s - a∂pw Aßs\ sNøm≥ Iq´m-°m-Ø-
h¿ Ckvem-an¬\n∂v ]pd-Øm-sW∂pw hniz-kn-®p. F∂m¬ \ap°v Cu
hn]-Øp-Iƒ c≠pw kq£n-t°-≠X - p≠v.''
A\-¥cw, \_n(-k)-bpsS Ime-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ "A¬P-am-AØpw' "Pam-
AsØ Ckveman'bpw XΩn-ep≈ A¥cw hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v Pam-AØ - n\v
]pd-Øp-≈h - cpw apkvenw-Iƒ Xs∂-bm-sW∂v kwi-bc - l
- n-Xa- mbn ka¿Yn-
°p-∂p-ap≠v auZq-Zn.(-{]-t_m-[\w, ]pkvXIw 1)
"{]t_m-[\'Øn¬Xs∂ as‰m-cn-SØv Cßs\ ImWmw: ""Pam-AØ - n-\-
I-Øp-≈-h¿ Xßsf ]pd-Øp≈ apkvenw-I-sf-°mƒ t{ijvT-cmbn IW-
°m-°p-∂n-√. CØcw Zp¿am¿K-ßf - n¬\n∂v Rßƒ A√m-lp-hn¬ A`bw
tXSp∂p''({]-t_m-[\w, ]pkvXIw 3)
\_n(-k)-°p-tijw Ckvem-ans‚ ]p\-cp-÷o-h\ - hpw kwÿm-]\ - hpw
e£yw-sh®v {]h¿Øn-°p∂ kwL-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Pam-AØp ]d-bp∂p:
""{]kvXpX Pam-A-Øp-I-fn¬ bmsXm-∂n\pw Xßƒ am{X-amWv Ckvem-
anI Pam-As - Ø∂v ]d-bp-hm≥ Ah-Im-ia - n-√.''({]-t_m-[\w, ]pkvXIw 3)
Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-°m-c-√mØ apkvenw-I-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈ AXns‚
ho£Ww C{X-sbms° hni-Z-ambn ]d-™p-I-gn-™-ti-jhpw "Pam-
AØpIm-cpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬ apkvenw _lp-P-\-ßƒ Im^ndpIfm-sW'∂v
187
{]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-h¿°v Xm¬]cyw as‰-¥n-t\m-Sm-bmepw kXy-tØm-S-

√. Xß-f-√m-Ø-hsc apgp-h≥ Im^n-dp-I-fm-°m≥ Atijw a\-m-
£n-°p-Øn-√mØhcmWv Cubm-tcm-]-W-°m¿ F∂-XmWv Gsd hnNn-
{X-am-bn-´p-≈Xv.
Ccp-]Xv
^nJvln-\p-t\sc
auZq-Zn-bpsS "lpJq-Jp-u-ssP\n' F∂ ]pkvX-I-sØ-bm-sW∂v
tXm∂p∂p "hna¿i\w lpJq-Jp-u-ssP\n' F∂v t]cn´v hna¿i-I≥ ]nSn-
Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. auZq-Zn°v Aßs\ Hcp ]pkvX-I-an-√. "lpJq-Jp-u-
ssP\n'bmhs´ "ZmºXy \nb-a-ßƒ Ckvem-an¬' F∂ t]cn¬ ae-bm-f-
Øn¬ {]kn-≤o-Ic- n-®n-´p-ap-≠.v {i≤m-]q¿hw AsXm-cmhrØn-sb-¶nepw hmbn-
°m-sX-bmWv hna¿iI≥ Jfi-\Ø - n\p apXn¿∂-X.v hna¿i-I≥ Fgp-Xp∂p:
""At±lw Hcn-°¬ FgpXn: "^pJ-lm-Cs‚ \nbaw hfsc ISp-ØX - m-
Wv. AXp-hgn kv{Xoh¿K-Øns‚ PohnXw \in-∏n-°s - ∏-Sp-Ibpw Ahsc Zpz-
`m-h-ß-fpsS ]mh-Ifpw ap¿X-±p-I-fp-am-°n-Øo¿°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXv
A√m-lp-hns‚ \nbaw BhpI km[yta A√.' (hn-a¿i\w lpJq-Jp-u-
P-\n) ktlm-Z-c-∑mtc, ^pJ-lm-Cs\ kw_-‘n®v auZqZn Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-
Wt√m Cu hcn-Iƒ'' (P-am-AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\hpw
t]Pv 63)
hna¿i-I≥ D≤-cn-®X - p-t]m-ep≈ H‰ hcnbpw "lpJq-Jp-u-ssP\n'bn¬
ImWpI km[y-ta-b√ - . AX-{Xbpw hna¿i-Is‚ hI-bm-bp-≈X - m-W.v "lpJq-
Jp-u-ssP\n' F∂ ]pkvXI - a- m-Is´ Ckvem-anI ico-AØ - ns‚ ASn-ÿm-
\-Øn¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ apkvenw hnhml \nbaw t`Z-KXn sNtø-≠-Xns‚
Bh-iy-IX Du∂n-∏d- b - p-∂X - m-W.v {KŸ-Im-c≥ Xs∂ A°mcyw hy‡-am-
°p∂p: ""{_nójv C¥y-bnse F√m {]tZ-iß - f
- nepw \S-∏p-\n-ba- ß
- f- psS
\yq\X aqew apkvenw-I-fpsS ZmºXy _‘-ß-fn-ep-≠mb XI-cm-dp-Iƒ
Zqco-Ic- n-°p-∂X
- n\v, Ckvem-anI ico-AØv \nb-aß - ƒ bYm-hn[n \S-∏n-em-
°m≥ ê-{]-Z-ambn Fs¥-¶nepw sNtø-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-IX cq£-
amb Hcp {]iv\-ambn Db¿∂p-h-cn-I-bp-≠m-bn. CXn-s\-Øp-S¿∂v C¥y-
bpsS ]e `mK-ß-fnepw Iptd Ic-Sp-\n-b-a-ßƒ Xøm-dm-°-s∏-´p. AXn-
s\-°p-dn® N¿®-bpsS H®-∏m-Sp-Iƒ h¿j-ß-tfmfw ams‰m-en- sIm≠p.
F∂m¬ {]iv\-Øns‚ ]e hi-ßfpw F∂-√, apJy-hiw Xs∂bpw
th≠{X {i≤n-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-s√∂v F\n°v tXm∂n. Aßs\ 1935-˛¬
"X¿Pp-am-\p¬ Jp¿-B\n'¬ "lpJq-Jp-u-ssP\n' F∂ io¿j-I-
Øn¬ kpZo¿L-amb Hcp teJ\ ]c-ºc Rm≥ Fgp-Xp-I-bp-≠m-
bn... AXns‚ {KŸm-hn-jvIm-c-amWo ]pkvX-Iw.'' (Zm-ºXy \nb-a-
188
ßƒ Ckvem-an¬ t]Pv 9, apJ-hpc)

Ckvem-anse sshhm-lnI \nb-a-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ XXz-ßfpw
Bflmhpw hni-Zo-Ic - n-°p-Ibpw sshhm-lnI _‘-ßƒ \∂m-°n-Øo¿°p-
∂-Xn¬ Jp¿-Bs - ‚bpw kp∂-Øn-s‚bpw A[ym-]\ - ß
- ƒ hnh-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp∂ auZq-Zn, hna¿i-I≥ ]d-bpw-t]mse ^nJvln-s\tbm ^pJ-lm-°-
sftbm A[n-t£-]n-°p-Ib - √
- . adn-®v, ^nJvlv \nb-aß - ƒ bYm-ÿm-\ß - -
fn¬ icnbpw bp‡-hp-am-sW∂v ka¿Yn-°p-Ib - mWv sNbvXX - .v auZqZn Fgp-
Xp∂p:
""... CXp-t]m-se-Øs - ∂-bmWv, ap≥Km-an-If - mb apPvXl - n-Zp-I¬ ico-A-
Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\ß - f - n¬\n∂v \n¿≤m-cWw sNbvsX-SpØ imJm-]c - a- mb
\nb-aß - f - pw. Ah kzbw icn-bm-sW∂ Imcy-Øn¬ bmsXmcp kwi-bh - p-
an-√. ]t£, Xßƒ CPvXn-lmZv sNbvXv Is≠-Ønb B \nb-a-ß-sf,
X]m¬ Hmô-knse hnh-ca- n-√mØ Hcp ]yq¨ bmsXmcp hI-Xn-cn-hp-an-√msX
X]m¬ Ãmsº-SpØv I≠ Ih-dns‚ ]pd-sØms° ap{Z-bS- n-°p∂ t]mse
bmsXmcp Dƒ°m-gN v b - p-an-√msX D]-tbm-Kn-°p-sa∂v B ]fin-X∑ - m¿ `mh-
\-bn¬ t]mepw Btem-Nn-®n-´p-≠m-hn-√.''(AtX ]pkvXI - w t]Pv 74)
F∂m¬ CPvXn-lmZo \nb-a-ß-fn¬ Nne-Xn¬ Im¿°-iy-ap-s≠∂v
At±lw ]d-bp-∂p-≠.v AXmWv `¿Øm-hn¬ \n∂v c£-t\-Sm-\mbn aX-]c - n-
Xym-K-Øn\p t]mepw Ign™ Ime-ß-fn¬ hnti-jn®pw C¥y-bpsS hS-
°≥ taJ-e-I-fn¬ kv{XoIsf t{]cn-∏n-®-Xv. Cu ]cn-XymKw XS-bm-\p-t±-
in®v _¬Jv, ka¿J-¥,v _pJmd F∂n-hn-Sß - f - nse ]fin-X∑ - m¿ \¬Inb
^XvhI - f
- psS Xm¬]-cy-a\ - p-kc - n®v {_nó-jn-¥y-bnepw {]h¿Øn-°W - s - a-
∂p≈ C¥y≥ ]fin-X∑ - m-cpsS hmZ-tØmSv At±lw hntbm-Pn∏v {]I-Sn-
∏n-®n-´p-≠v. Jp¿-Bs - ‚bpw kp∂-Øn-s‚bpw Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ°p \nc-°p-∂-
h-b√ B ^XvhI - ƒ F∂-Xs{X AXn\v Imc-Ww. ka-Im-eo\ Kh¨sa‚pw
tImS-Xn-Ifpw AX-\p-hZ- n-®p-Xc - n-Ib
- p-an-√. ^nJvlv {KŸ-ßƒ°v At±lw
A{]-am-ZnXzw Iev]n-°p-∂n-s√-∂p-≈Xv icn-bm-Wv. AXp-Xs - ∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p-
ht√m ^nJvlns‚ t\sc-bp≈ ]ucm-WnI ]fin-X-∑m-cp-sSbpw kao-]-
\w. Jp¿-B∂pw kp∂-Øn\pw Xpeyw ^nJvlns\ ]cn-KW - n-°p-∂Xv H´pw
icn-b√ - . Ckvem-anI \nb-aß - f - psS bp‡-n`-{Z-Xs - b-°p-dn®v auZqZn Fgp-Xp∂p:
""GsX-¶nepw kv{Xotbm ]pcp-jt\m _em¬°mcw Zp¿∂-S∏ - n-eI - s- ∏-
Sp-Øs - ∏-Sp-Itbm kaq-lØ - n¬ Ah¿ Ipg-∏Ø - n\pw Acm-PI - X - z-Øn\pw Imc-
W-am-bn-Øo-cp-Itbm sNøpI F∂Xv an°-hmdpw Akw-`h - y-am-IØ - ° - h - n[w
A{X°v bp‡n-`-{Z-amb ASn-Ø-d-I-fn-emWv Ckvem-anI \nbaw ]Sp-Øp-
b¿Ø-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂X - .v \nb-aØ - ns‚ ImTn\yw Imc-Wa- mbn kv{Xotbm ]pcp-
jt\m Ckvem-ans\ ssIsbm-gn-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-hp∂ Ahÿ
Xo¿Øpw Akm-[y-am-Wv. ]t£, C∂v apkvenw-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ IpSpw-
_-h-g-°p-Iƒ am{X-a-√, [¿a-Nyp-Xnbpw aX-]-cn-XymKw t]mepw kw`-
hn-°p-∂Xp \mw ImWp∂p; Ckvem-anI \nb-a-Øn-eqsS e`n-t°-≠n-
189
bn-cp∂ icnbpw \oXn-]q¿h-I-hp-amb hn[n-Iƒ an° tIkp-I-fnepw

Ah¿°v e`n-°m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-{Xw. ]Tn-°p-I, Nn¥n-°pI XpS-ßnb
kz`m-h-ßƒ ^Xvh \evIp-∂-h-cntem \ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cntem ImWm≥
Ign-bp-∂n-√. Hcp s]mXp-\n-baw GXp cmPy-Øv, GXv kaq-l-Øn¬,
GsXmcp {]tXyI tIkn-emWv _m[-I-am-t°-≠-sX∂v Ah-cn¬
Bcpw {i≤n-°p-∂n-√. ico-A-Øn-s‚- e£yw H´pw \jvS-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-
°m\pw ASn- ÿ m\ XXz- ß ƒ ewLn- ° m- X n- c n- ° m\pw tIkns‚
GsX√mw {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-®p-thWw ico-A-Øns‚ aqe-X-
Xz-ßƒ°p hnt[-b-ambn s]mXp \nb-asØ {]tXy-I-h¬°-cn-t°-
≠-sX∂pw Ah¿ Nn¥n-°p-∂n√.'' (AtX ]pkvX-Iw t]Pv 84)
Cu hcn-If - mWv hna¿i-I≥ Dt±-in-®n-´p-≈s - X-¶n¬ bYm¿Y ^nJvln-
s\-b√ - , ^nJvlv sX‰mbn ssIbm-fp∂ ap^vXn-Is - fbpw ]fin-X∑ - m-sc-bp-
am-Wv auZqZn ]cm-a¿in-®n-´p-≈s - X∂v a\-n-em-°m≥ {]bm-ka - n-√.
sshhm-lnI cwKØv apkvenw kv{Xo A\p-`h - n® bmX-\I - ƒ A∂sØ
hSt° C¥y-bn¬ hfsc°qSp-Xe - m-bn-cp-∂p. hnhm-lt- am-N\w sNøp-∂X - ˛v
XnI®pw \ymb-bp-‡a - mb Imc-Wß - f - m-emWv Aßs\ sNøp-∂s - X-¶n¬
t]mepw˛ henb Ip‰-am-bmWv Ahn-Sß - f - n¬ KWn-°s - ∏-ń-cp-∂X - .v Cu ]›m-
Ø-eØ - n-emWv auZqZn C{Xbpw ]d-™X - .v Hcp hn`mKw ]fin-X∑ - m¿ D≠m-
°n-sh® Cu Ducm-°p-cp-°n¬ s]´v ZpcnXw t]dm≥ hn[n-°s - ∏´ kv{XoIƒ
Ah-km\w aXw am‰-Øn¬ c£-Is - ≠-Øn-bX - ns‚ DZm-lc - W- ß - ƒ \nc-h-
[n-bm-Wv. Cu Zpc-hÿ - b - v°d- pXn hcp-ØpI IqSn-bmWv kv{Xo°v, tImSXn
hgn-°p≈ "^kvJ'v km[y-am-°m≥ 1939-˛¬ ]mkm-°nb \nb-a] - c- n-jI v m-cw.
C¥y-bnse Xe-sb-Sp-∏p≈ \nba ]fin-X\ - mb Xmln¿ alvaqZv Fgp-Xp∂p:
""Cu ]pkvXI - Ø- ns‚ ap≥ A[ym-bß - f - n¬ Bh¿Øn®p ]d-™n-´p≈
{]Imcw apkvenw \nb-a-Ønse l\^n imJ, tImSXn hgn kv{Xo°p
hnhmlw Zp¿_-es - ∏-Sp-Øn-°n-´m-\p≈ Ah-Im-isØ kw_-‘n®v Bh-iy-
Ønepw IqSp-X¬ \nb-{¥Ww sh°p-∂p-≠.v C¥y-bnse A[nIw apkvenw-
Ifpw l\^n \nbaw ]n¥p-Sc - p-∂X - n-\m¬, ]e bYm¿Y Imc-Wß - f - mepw
hnhm-lh - n-LS- \w B{K-ln® A\-h[n kv{XoIƒ°p hnj-aØ - n\v Imc-W-
ambn. adn®v, apkvenw `mcy Ckvemw-aXw Dt]-£n-®m¬, DS-\Sn apkvenw
`¿Øm-hp-am-bp≈ hnhmlw Zp¿_-es - ∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. A\m-im-ky-amb
hnhm-l_ - ‘w Dt]-£n-°m≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-√msX ]e apkvenw-kv{Xo-Ifpw
kml-N-cy-Øns‚ t{]c-W-bm¬ aXw Dt]-£n-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-
bn.''(apkvenw temI-Ønse IpSpw_ \nba ]cn-jvIm-cw t]Pv 249)
C{Xbpw hnh-cn-®X - n¬\n-∂p-Xs∂ ^pJ-lm-°ƒ "cn±Øn'\v t{]cn-∏n-
°p-∂p-sh-∂mWv auZqZn ]d-bp-∂s - X-∂p≈ hna¿i-Is‚ Bt£-]Ø - n\v
hkvXp-Xb - p-ambn H´pw _‘-an-s√∂v hy‡-am-bn. a\p-jy-Xzhpw kv{XoXz-
tØmSv BZ-c-hp-ap-≈-hcpw Np‰pw \S-am-Sp∂ A\o-Xn-Ifpw Zpcm-Nm-c-
ßfpw amdn-°m-W-Wsa∂v B{K-ln-°p-∂-h-cp-amb Bcpw, AØcw
190
Zpcm-Nm-c-ßƒ°p t{]cW \¬Ip∂ \nb-a-k-¶¬]sØ Xncp-Øn-sb-

gp-Xm≥ ]d-™-Xns‚ t]cn¬ auZq-Znsb Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ apXn-cp-I-
bn-√.
kaq-l\ - ∑ - b - mWv \nb-aw-sIm≠v e£y-am-°p-∂s - X-¶n¬ Jp¿-B∂pw
kp∂-Øn-\p-a\ - p-cq-]a- mbn CPvXn-lmZo \nb-aß - f - n¬ ]cn-jI v c - Ww hcp-tØ-
≠Xp Nne L´-ßf - n-se-¶nepw A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-Øo-cpw. AXp Ckvemw AwKo-
I-cn-®p-X∂ - n´p≈Xm-W.v Hcp ]cn-jI v ¿Øm-hns\ kw_-‘n-®n-St- Ømfw AXp
ssIbmfm-Xn-cn-°pI Akm-[y-am-bn-cn-°pw. auZqZn sNbvXXpw AXp-Xs - ∂.
hna¿i-I≥ XpS¿s∂-gp-Xp∂p: ""Ah¿ P\-ßsf ap¿X-±p-If - m-°p-Ib - -
√, {]XypX kZm-Nm-cØ - n\pw \oXn°pw \nc-°p∂ hn[-Ønepw _p≤n-]q¿h-
I-amb \ne-bn¬ s]mXp-P\ - ß- ƒ°p hnjaw t\cn-SmØ hn[-Øn-ep-amWv
k¿h-\n-ba - ß- fpw t{ImUo-Ic - n-®X- v. Ah Ako-aØ - v (hn-´p-ho-gvNb - n-√m-Ø-
h), dpJvkØ - v(C - f - h- p-≈h - ) F∂o c≠p hn[-ambn Xncn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-
´p-≠v.''(P-am-AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\h - pw t]Pv 63)
hna¿i-I≥ C{Xbpw Fgp-Xn-bXv t_m[-]q¿h-amtWm Bthm? Bbn-
cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ap≥]n≥ Nn¥n-°m-sX-bp≈ CØ-c-samcp hna¿i-\-Øn\v
At±lw apXn-cp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-am-bn-√. imJm-]-chpw D]-im-
Jm-]c - h - p-amb {]iv\ß - f - n¬ A`n-{]m-bm-¥c - Ø
- n-\p≈ km[yX am{X-a√ - ,
AXns‚ kw`-hy-Xt- ]mepw AwKo-Ic - n-°p-∂p≠v Ckvemw. ^nJvlo {]iv\-
ß-fnse Cu kpk-ΩX bmYm¿Yyw Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂n´pw AXp Xo¿Øpw
Ah-KW - n®pw Ako-abpw dpJvkbpw GsX∂v P\-ßƒ°p hnh-cn-®p-sIm-
Sp-°m-t\m, icn-bmb am¿K-Øn¬ Ahsc \bn-°mt\m Xbm-dm-hmsX A‘-
hn-izm-k-ßfpw A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw hsc Zo\ns‚ Ahn-`m-Pyhpw hn´p-ho-gvN-
bn-√m-ØX - p-amb Imcy-ßf - mbn Nn{Xo-Ic- n-°m\pw \n¿_-‘I - m-cy-ßƒ sNøp-
∂-Xn¬ Ah¿°p Cf-h\ - p-hZ- n-°m\pw hsc hna¿i-I\ - S- °
- a - p≈ ]fin-X-
∑m¿ [rjvSc - m-hp-∂X - mWv \mw ImWp-∂X - v.
^nJvln¬ {]amZw H´pw kw`-hn-®n-ń-s√∂pw ^pJ-lm-°ƒ aA-vkq-ap-
I-fm-sW-∂p-ap≈ \ne-°m-Wt√m hna¿i-I\pw Bfp-Ifpw kwkm-cn-°p-∂-
Xv. F∂m¬ hkvXpX F¥m-sW∂v ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠X - p-≠.v im^nCu aZvl-
_nse Hcp {][m\ {KŸ-amb al-√nbn¬ Ppap-A-bpsS A[ym-b-Øn¬
JpXp-_s - b-°p-dn®v ]cm-a¿in-®p-sIms≠gpXpp∂p:
""JXo_v hmtfm hSntbm Du∂n \n¬°-Ww.... AXn-ep≈ bp‡n,
Ckvemw hmfp-sIm≠v {]N-cn-®X - m-sW-∂p-≈X - ns‚ kqN-\b - mWv AsX-∂p-
≈-X-s{X.'' (a-l√ - n hmfyw 1, t]Pv 282)
hna¿i-Is - ‚bpw Bfp-If - p-sSbpw A`n-{]m-bs - a-¥m-Wmthm! Ckvem-ans\
sX‰n-≤c - n-°p-Is - b-∂X - n-ep-]cn Cu hnh-cWw sIm≠v as‰¥v t\´w? CXv
{]am-Za - s - √-¶n¬ as‰-¥mWv? {]am-Za - m-sW∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-sa-¶n¬ ^nJvlv
{KŸ-ß-fn¬ {]amZw kw`-hn-°p-sa-∂t√ AXv sXfn-bn-°p-∂Xv? auZq-Zn-
sbbpw Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-sbbpw hna¿in-°m≥ am{Xw ^nJvlv
191
{KŸ-ß-fn¬ {]am-Z-an-s√∂v ]d-™-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-√-t√m. ""Zo\n¬ _e-

{]-tbm-K-ans√''∂v Jp¿-B≥ 2: 256˛¬ ]d-bp∂p.
a°m Pohn-X-Øn¬ {]hm-N-I\pw A\p-N-c-∑mcpw A\p-`-hn® a¿Z-
\-˛-]o-U\-ßƒ°p Iøpw IW-°p-an-√. F∂m¬ ]n∂oSv B \Kcw
Ckvem-ans‚ Iogn¬ h∂-t∏mƒ t]Sn-®-c≠v Xs‚ apºn¬ h∂p \n∂
i{Xp-P-\sØ t\m°n ]p©n-cn-Xq-In-s°m≠v {]hm-N-I≥ {]Jym-]n-
®-Xv, ""s]mbvs°m-≈p-I. \nßƒ kzX-{¥-cmWv'' F∂m-Wv. thW-sa-
¶n¬ Ahn-S-tØ°v Ahsc Bbp[w Imń òj-Wn-s∏-SpØn aX-
Øn¬ Iq´m-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂n´pw F{X DZm-c-am-bmWv Ahn-S∂v Ah-
tcmSv h¿Øn-®Xv!
_e-{]-tbmKw hgn-bmWv Ckvemw {]N-cn-®-sX∂v i{Xp-°ƒ D∂-
bn°p∂ Hcm-t£]w A`n-am-\{- ]-IS- \ - Ø- ns‚ cq]-Øn¬ \ΩpsS ^nJvlv
{KŸ-Øn¬ IS-∂p-Iq-Sn-bXv \n¿`m-Ky-Ic - a- m-Wv. auZqZn am{X-a√ - , Ckvem-an-
t\mSv Xm¬]-cy-ap≈ GsXm-cmfpw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-SpI AØcw ]cm-a¿i-
ßƒ Xncp-ØW - s - a-∂p-Xs - ∂-bm-Wv. kam-[m-\Ø - n\pw hnizm-kkzmX-{¥y-
Øn\pw hne Iev]n-°p-Ibpw B cwK-ß-fn¬ AXyp-∂X amXrI ImgvN-
sh-°p-Ibpw sNbvX Ckvemw _e-{]-tbm-KØ - n-eq-sS-bmWv {]N-cn-®s - X∂p
]d-bm≥ hna¿i-I\pw Bfp-Ifpw "Xt‚Sw' ImWn-t®-°ptam Bthm?
Cu {KŸ-ßf - {- Xbpw sX‰p-Iƒ \nd-™X - m-sW-s∂m∂pw C∏-d™ - X
- n-
\¿Y-an-√. Ht´sd \√ Imcy-ßfpw Ah-bn-ep-≠.v \√Xv sIm≈p-Ibpw A√m-
ØXv X≈p-Ib - p-amWv _p≤n. B alm-flm-°t- fmSv ImWn-°p∂ BZ-chpw
AXp-Xs - ∂. Ah¿°p ]‰nb A_-≤ß - ƒ \ymbo-Ic - n-°m≥ ]Wn-s∏-Sp-∂-
h¿ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ sNøp-∂Xv Ckvem-an\v am{X-a√ - , B alm-flm-°ƒ°p-
t]mepw ZpjvIo¿Øn hcp-Øn-sh-°p-Ib - m-W.v
tIc-fa- p-ke v nw-Iƒ°p kp]-cn-Nn-Xa- mb ^Xvlp¬ apCu-\ns‚ ae-bmf
]cn-`m-jb - n¬ Cßs\ ImWmw:
""\nkvIm-cØ - n\v apºv ankvhm-°p-]t- bm-Kn-°m-Øh - ¿, \nkvIm-cØ
- n-∂n-
S-bn¬ Xe-∏mhv Np‰p-∂t- ]mse Npcp-ßnb {]hr-Øn-bn¬ AXv sNtø-≠-
Xm-Wv.'' (^-Xvlp¬ apCu≥ ae-bmf ]cn-`m-j t]Pv 59)
A√m-lphpw ASn-abpw XΩn-ep≈ kw`m-jW - a - mWv \a-kvImcw. ASn-
abv°p \mY-t\mSv Bh-iy-ßƒ ]d-bm-\p≈ kµ¿`w. A√m-lp-hns‚ Imcyw
\n¬°-s´. \mw Cu temI-Øp≈ \ΩpsS Hcp t\Xm-hns‚ apºn¬ Kuc-
h-ta-dnb Hc-t]-£b - p-ambn sN√p-∂p. t\Xm-hns‚ apºn¬ At]£ ka¿∏n-
°p-∂X - n-\n-Sb
- n¬ \mw t]m°-‰n¬ ssIbn´v Hcp {_jv FSpØv ]√v tX°m≥
XpS-ßp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXn¬∏cw A\m-Zc - hpw acym-Zt- °Spw as‰-¥mWv?
C\nbpw ImWpI! ""BZysØ {]tbm-KØ - n¬\n-∂p-≠m-Ip∂ Xp∏p-\o¿
hngp-ßp-Ibpw ankvhm-°v Cu-ºm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Ip-
∂p.''
"hngp-ßp-Ibpw' F∂-Xn\v "CXp Ckvem-anI kwkvIm-cØ - n\v tN¿∂-
192
Xs√'∂ Hc-Sn-°p-dn∏v sImSp-Øp-Im-Wmw, ^Xvlp¬ apCu¬ ]cn-`m-

j-bn¬. Xp∏p-\o¿ hngp-ß-W-sa∂v ]d-™Xv ]¥n-bm-bn-s√∂v tXm∂n-
b-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°-W-at√m Ckvem-anI kwkvIm-c-Øn\v tN¿∂-
X-s√∂v Fgp-Xn-b-Xv.
Ckvem-ans‚ ssNX-\y-Øn\v \nc-°mØ CØcw DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ
\nc-h-[n-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n´pw AsXm∂pw I≠n-s√∂v \Sn®v ^nJvln-s\-
°p-dn®pw ^pJ-lm-C-s\-°p-dn®pw sX‰p-[m-c-Wbpw Zpc-`n-{]m-bhpw
D≠m°n kz¥w I≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-ß-fn-te°p P\-ßsf Iqń-s°m-≠p-
t]m-Im≥ auZqZn Xs‚ IrXn-I-fn¬ ]Wn-s∏-´-Xmbn Btcm-]n-°p-
∂p≠v hna¿i- I ≥. auZq- Z n- s bbpw Pam- A sØ Ckv e m- a n- s bbpw
hna¿in-®-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-√. Zpcm-Nm-c-ßfpw sX‰n-≤m-c-W-Ifpw A\n-
kvem-anI hyh-ÿ-Ifpw kaq-l-Øn¬ \S-am-Sp-∂Xp XS-bm\pw Ckvem-
ans‚ X\-Xmb cq]w P\-ßsf ]Tn-∏n-°m\pw A\n-kvem-anI k{º-
Zm-b-ß-fw-Ko-I-cn-°pI hgn h∂p-tN¿t∂-°m-hp∂ `hn-jy-Øp-I-sf-
∏‰n Ahsc t_m[-hm-∑m-cm-°m\pw {ian-°-bmWv kap-Zm-b-Øns‚
`mhn-\-∑-bn¬ Xm¬]-cy-ap-≈-h¿ sNtø-≠-Xv.
193
Ccp-]-sØm∂v
XJveoZv \n¿_‘w?
as‰m-cm-t£]w auZqZn XJveo-Zn-s\-Xn-cm-sW-∂mWv. kap-Zmbw \ncm-
t£]w \n¿_-‘-]q¿hw AwKo-I-cn-t°≠ Hc-Sn-ÿm\ XXz-sØ-
bmWv XJveo-Zns\ FXn¿°pI hgn auZqZn tNmZyw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-
sX∂v [z\n-∏n-°p-I-IqSn sNøp∂ hna¿i-I≥ Fgp-Xp∂p:
""]q¿hn-I∑- m-cm¬ A\p-Ic - n-®p-hc - p-∂Xpw \ne-hn-ep≈ apkvenw-If- n¬
_lp-`q-cn-]£w ]n≥]-‰n-hc - p-∂X - p-amb \men¬ Hcp aZvl_ - n¬\n∂v ]pd-
Øp-t]m-I¬ \njn-≤-am-sW∂v CPvam-A-vsIm≠v ÿnc-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. Camw
AlvaZ- p-zmhn XpS-ßnb alm-cY - ∑- m¿ Cu hkvXpX tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-
≠v. "\mep Cam-ao-ß-sf-b-√msX XJveoZv ]mSn-s√∂v CPvamBsW∂pw
C_v\p-e - m-l(v d- ) D≤-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p''(_n-Kb v ) (P-am-AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-
Whpw hna¿i-\hpw t]Pv 31)
BZy-ambn XJveoZv kw_-‘ambp≈ ]q¿h ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS A`n-
{]m-b-ßƒ Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW∂pw XpS¿∂v auZq-Zn-bpsS ho£-Whpw
Ahbpw XΩn-ep≈ A¥cw F{X-bm-sW∂pw ]cn-tim-[n-®p-t\m-°mw.
F¥mWv XJveoZv?
"PwD¬ Phm-anC'¬ Fgp-Xp∂p:
(sXfn-sh-¥m-sW∂v a\-n-em-°m-sX (-as - ‰m-cm-fp-sS) A`n-{]mbw AwKo-I-

cn-°p-Ib
- mWv XJveo-Zv)
Hcp i¿Cu hnj-bØ - n¬ Hcp ]fin-X≥ ]d™ A`n-{]m-bØ - n¬ sXfn-
hpt≠m, Ds≠-¶n¬ AsX-¥mWv Fs∂m∂pw ]cn-tim-[n-°msX AX-∏Sn
A\p-kc - n®p \S-°p-∂X- n-\mWv kmt¶-XnI `mj-bn¬ "XJveoZv'(A-\p-Ic - -
Ww) F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Cßs\ ap≥]n≥ t\m°msX Bcp-sS-sbms°
194
hm°p-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°m-sa-∂mWv Jp¿-B\pw kp∂Øpw ]d-bp-∂-sX∂v

t\m°mw.
\nb-a-\n¿am-Wm-[n-Imcw B¿°v?
Ckvem-anI ZrjvSym \nb-a\ - n¿am-Wm-[n-Imcw ]q¿W-ambpw A√m-lp-
hn¬ \n£n-]X v a
- m-W.v A√m-lp-hns‚ \nb-aß- ƒ Ah-s‚-Xs∂ A\p-hm-Z-
tØm-Sp-IqSn hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I-bs{X {]hm-N-I≥ sNøp-∂-Xv. At∏mƒ
A√m-lphpw dkqepw ]Tn-∏n-®n-ń-√mØ bmsXmcp \nb-ahpw kz¥w
\ne-bn¬ Ckvem-anI ZrjvSym {]am-W-a-√. Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:
(hn[n-b-[n-Imcw A√m-lp-hn\p am{Xw. Ah-∂-√msX ASn-a-s∏-S-cp-sX∂v

Ah≥ Iev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXs{X t\cmb PohnX ]mX.)
(A√m-lp-hns\ A\p-k-cn-°p-I, dkq-en-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-°p-I. \nßƒ

]n≥Xn-cn™p If-bp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ hy‡-amb {]t_m-[\w am{Xta \ΩpsS
ZqX∂v _m[y-Xb
- p-≈q.)
(h√ Imcy-Ønepw \nßƒ ]c-k] v cw `n∂n-®m¬ AXv A√m-lp-hn-te°pw

ZqX-\n-te°pw aS-°p-I.)
Cßs\ \nc-h[n Jp¿-B≥ kq‡-ßf - p-≠,v A√m-lp-hn-s\bpw dkq-en-
s\bpw am{Xta {]mam-WnImSn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]n≥]-‰mhq F∂v hy‡-am-
°p-∂X - mbn. \_n(-k) C°mcyw Du∂n-∏d- b- p-∂Xv ImWp-I:
(Fs‚ kap-Zmbw apgp-h≥ kz¿K-Øn¬ IS°pw; hnk-ΩX - n-®h- s

- cm-gn-sI.
Btcm tNmZn®p: BcmWv hnk-ΩX - n-®h
- ¿? Ahn-S∂v {]Xn-hN- n®p: Fs∂
A\p-kc- n-®h
- ≥ kz¿K-Øn¬ IS-°pw. Fs∂ [n°-cn-®h- ≥, Ah-\s{X hnk-
Ω-Xn-®h
- ≥.)
(\nß-fn¬ c≠p Imcyw hn´pw-sh-®mWv Rm≥ t]mhp-∂X - .v Ah apdp-sI-∏n-

Sn-°p∂ Ime-sØm∂pw \nßƒ hgn-]n-g°
- p-Ib
- n-√. A√m-lp-hns‚ {KŸhpw,
Ahs‚ ZqXs‚ Ncy-bpamWh.)
(\ΩpsS Cu Imcy-Øn¬ (Zo-\n¬) AXn-en-√m-ØXv Bsc-¶nepw ]pXp-Xm-

bp-≠m-°n-bm¬ AXv X≈n-°f- t- b-≠X
- m-W.v )
195
hgn-]n-g-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Jp¿-B\pw kp∂Øpw \njvI¿j-tbmsS

]n≥]- ‰ p- I tb apkv e nw- I ƒ°p \n¿hm- l - a p- ≈ q- s h∂pw A√m- l p-
hns‚bpw dkq-en-s‚bpw \n¿tZ-i-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-amb-√msX bmsXm-
cm-sfbpw ]n≥]-‰m-h-X-s√-∂p-amWv Cu \_n-hm-Iy-ßfpw \sΩ ]Tn-
∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
]fin-X-∑m¿ ]d-bp-∂p
sXfnhv t\m°n-bn-´√
- msX Xß-fpsS A`n-{]m-bß - ƒ AwKo-Ic - n-°c
- p-
sX∂v ]fin-X∑ - m¿ i‡n-]q¿hw Bh¿Øn®v ]d-™n-´p-≈X - m-Wv. Xß-
fpsS sXfn-hp-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW∂v a\-n-em-°n, ]cn-tim-[n®v icn-
bm-sW∂v t_m[yw hcp-Øn-thWw kzoI-cn-°m-s\-∂mWv Ah¿ \n¿tZ-in-
®n-cn-°p-∂X
- .v sX‰m-sW∂v sXfn™ GsXm-c`- n-{]m-bhpw X≈n-°f - b- m\pw
Ah¿ Xs∂ Bh-iy-s∏-ń-´p-≠.v sXfn-hp-t\m°n ]cn-tim-[n-®√- msX Xß-
fpsS A`n-{]mbw ssIs°m-≈p-∂h - sc Ah¿ Bt£-]n-®n-´p-ap-≠v. Camw
im^nCu (d) ]d™p:
(sXfnhp IqSmsX Adnhv tXSp-∂h- ≥ cm{Xn-t\-cØv hndIp tiJ-cn-°p-∂-

h-s\-t∏m-se-bm-Wv. Ah≥ hnd-Ip-sI´v Npa-en-te-‰p-∂p. AXn¬ k¿∏-ap-
s≠∂pw AXp- Xs∂ ISn-°p-sa-∂p-ap≈ Imcyw Ah≥ Adn-bp-∂n-√.)
Camw im^n-Cu(-d)-bpsS injy≥, Camw apkv\n Xs‚ "apJvXk - dn's‚
BZy-`m-KØv Fgp-Xp∂p:
(Camw im^n-Cu-bpsS hn⁄m-\Ø - n¬\n∂pw At±-lØ - ns‚ hm°p-If

- psS
A¿Y-Øn¬\n∂pw Adn-bm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂h - c- psS kuI-cym¿Yw Rm≥
kwt£-]n-®n-´p-≈X- mWv Cu {KŸw. AtXm-sSm∏w At±-ls - Øtbm a‰p-
≈-hs- ctbm "XJveoZv' sNøp-∂Xv At±lw \ntcm-[n-®n-´p-s≠∂pw Rm≥
Adn-bn-°p-Ib
- m-W.v )
Camw im^n-Cu(-d) Hcn-°¬ apkv\n-tbmSv ]d™p:
(C_vdm-low, Rm≥ ]d-bp∂ F¥-nepw Xm¶ƒ Fs∂ XJveoZv sNø-cp-X.v

A°m-cy-Øn¬ Xm¶ƒ kzbw Nn¥n-°p-I, ImcWw AXv Zo\m-Wv.)
Camw A_q-l-\o-^(-d)-bpsS {][m\ injy-\mb A_q-bq-kp^v
]d™p:
196
(F¥v sXfn-hns\ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv \mw ]d-bp-∂-sX∂v Adn-

bm- Ø - h ¿°p \ΩpsS A`n- { ]m- b sØ Ah- e w- _ - a m°n ^Xv h
\¬Im≥ A\p-hm-Z-an-√.)
Camw A_q-l-\o-^(-d) ]d-bp∂p:
(Fs‚ sXfnhv F¥m-sW∂p a\-n-em-°n-bn-ń-√m-Øh

- ¿ Rm≥ ]d-™X
- -
\p-kc
- n®v "^Xvh' \evIc - p-Xv.)
Camw amen-Iv(d
- ) ]d™p:
(GsXm-cm-fp-sSbpw kwkm-cØ
- n¬ Xt≈≠Xpw sIm≈m-hp-∂X
- p-ap-≠m-hpw.
A√m-lp-hns‚ dkq-en-t‚-Xn-sem-gn-sI.)
Camw AlvaZ- p_v\p lº¬(-d) ]d™p:
(Fs∂-tbm, amen-I,v Hukm-Cu, \JvCu F∂n-hs - ctbm a‰m-sc-sb-¶n-eptam

"XJveoZv' sNø-cp-Xv. Ah¿ Fhn-sS-\n-∂mtWm hn[n kzoI-cn-®Xv Ahn-sS-
\n∂p Xs∂ thWw \obpw kzoI-cn-°m≥; AXm-bX - v, InXm-_n¬\n∂pw
kp∂-Øn¬\n∂pw Xs∂.)
C\n auZq-Zn-bpsS {KŸ-Øn¬\n∂v hna¿i-I≥ D≤-cn® Xmsg `mKw
CXp-ambn tN¿Øp-hm-bn-°p-I. Bt£-]m¿l-ambn AXn-se-¥m-Wp-≈s - X∂v
t\m°m-at- √m.
""as‰mcp ASn-ÿm-\] - c
- a- mb t]mcmbva Cu tImew adn™ aZvl_ - n¬
Ckvem-anI ico-A-Øns\ Hcp-d® imkv{X-am°n Xo¿Ø-Xm-Wv. AXn¬
]e \q‰m-≠p-If - mbn CPvXn-lm-Zns‚ IhmSw AS-°s - ∏-ń-cn-°b - m-W.v ''(X¿Pp-
am-\p¬ Jp¿-B≥ e°w 18/1)
""At±lw ho≠pw Fgp-Xp∂p: "Cam-ap-If - psS GsX-¶nepw \n›nX hgn-
bn¬\n∂v ]n¥n-cn-bp-∂X - ns\ Zo\ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬\n∂p Xs∂ ]n¥n-
cn-be
- mbn a\-n-em-°p-It- bm, GsX-¶nepw kpÿn-ca- mb lZo-knt\m Jp¿-
Bs‚ Bb-Ønt\m FXn-cmbn Ah-cpsS GsX-¶nepw akvA - e- I- ƒ Is≠-
Øp-Itbm sNbvXmepw Ah-\h - s‚ Cam-ans\ A\p-Ic - n-°p-∂X - n¬ Dd®p
\n¬°p-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬ \nw-ibw AXp in¿°m-bn-Øo-cp-∂X - mWv'(d-km-
Cu¬ 1˛187)... AXp-t]mse aZvl_ - n-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ auZq-Zn-bpsS {]kvXm-h-
\bpw \nßƒ I≠p-Ig- n™p.''(P-am-AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-
197
\hpw t]Pv 29, 30)

""CPvXn-lm-Zns‚ IhmSw AS-°s - ∏-´Xv Ckvem-ans‚ t]mcm-bvab - mbn
At±lw FSpØp ImWn-°p-∂p. CPvXn-lm-Zns‚ hmXn¬ AS-®X - √- , \n_-
‘-\-Iƒ HØ Bfp-I-fpsS A`mhw sIm≠-S-™-Xm-sW∂ hkvXp-
X-t]mepw At±-l-Øn-\-⁄m-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.'' (P-am-AsØ Ckvem-
an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\-hpw t]Pv 30)
"Ckvem-ans‚ t]mcm-bva-bmbn At±lw FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°p∂p'
F∂ {]kvXm-h\ hmb-\-°msc sX‰p-[-cn-∏n-°m≥ hna¿i-I≥ {]tbm-
Kn-°p∂ Hcp Ip’n-X-X-{¥-am-Wv. Ckvem-ans‚ t]mcm-bva-bm-b-√,
aZvl_v ]£-]m-Xn-I-fpsS t]mcm-bva-bm-bmWv auZqZn AsX-Sp-Øp-
]-d-™-Xv. Imc-Ww, Ckvem-an¬ B IhmSw F∂pw Xpd∂p Xs∂
InS-°p∂ H∂m-Wv. AX-S-™p-t]m-sb∂v ka¿Yn-°m-hp∂ bmsXmcp
sXfnhpw e`y-a-√. apPvX-ln-Zp-I-fmb ]q¿h-Ime ]fin-X-∑m-cn¬
Hcmfpw AØ-c-sam-c-`n-{]mbw {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-´p-an-√.
"PwD¬ Phm-an-C's‚ I¿Ømhv hsc ""apPvXl - n-Zn-√mØ Ime-ap-≠mhmw''
F∂v ]d-bm≥ am{Xta ss[cyw ImWn-®n-´p-≈p. Aßs\ kw`-hn-®p-Iq-sS-
∂mWv lº-en-If - psS ]£w. ASn-ÿm\ {]am-Wß - ƒ-˛J - p¿-B\pw kp∂-
Øpw˛ XI¿∂-Sn-™n-ń-√mØ Ime-sØm∂pw apPvXl - nZv C√mØ Hc-hÿ
hn`m-h\ sNøm≥ t]mepw km[y-as - √-∂mWv C_v\p-ZJ - o-Jn¬ CuZv ]d-bp-
∂-Xv. ]t£, hna¿i-I≥ ]d-bp∂p: IhmSw AS-®X - √- , tbmKy-cn-√m-ØX - p-
sIm≠v AS-™X - m-sW∂v! tbmKy-∑m-cn-s√∂v Xo¿∏v Iev]n-°m≥ hna¿i-
Is‚ ]°-ep≈ B[m-c-sa-¥m-Wmthm? "PwD¬ Phm-anC'¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv
ImWpI:
(apPvXl- n-Zn-√mØ Ime-ap-≠m-hmw. lº-en-Iƒ CXn¬ \ncp-]m-[nIw hntbm-

Pn-∏p-≈h - c
- m-Wv. apPvXl
- n-Zn-√mØ Hcp Ime-hp-ap-≠m-Im-hX- √
- F∂v hmZn-
®p-sIm≠v C_v\p ZJo-Jn¬ CuZv ]d-bp-∂Xv ASn-ÿm\ {]am-W-ßƒ
XI¿°-s∏-SmØ Ime-tØmfw AXp-≠m-Im-hX - √ F∂mWv. A¥y-\m-fns‚
e£-W-ßƒ I≠p-Xp-S-ßpI hgn AØ-c-samcp L´w h∂p-I-gn-™m¬
apPvXl- n-Zn-√mØ Imew hcm-hp-∂X - m-W.v kqcy≥ ]Sn-™m-dp-\n∂v DZn-°pI
XpS-ßn-bp-≈h - b
- mWv e£-Wß - ƒ. C\n apPvXl- n-Zn-√mØ Ime-ap-≠mhmw
198
F∂v kΩ-Xn-®m¬Xs∂ Aßs\ kw`-hn-®-Xn\v sXfn-hn-√. Aßs\

kw`-hn°mw F∂v ]d-b-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ kw`-hn-®n-ń√ F∂-Xn-
\p≈ sXfn-hv, ""Fs‚ kap-Zm-b-Ønse Hcp-hn-`mKw F∂pw kXy-
Øn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°pw. A√m-lp-hns‚ hn[n-˛-A-¥y-Zn-\w˛
hcp-∂-Xp-hsc AXp XpScpw'' F∂p≈ \_n(k)-bpsS lZo-km-Wv.
Nne \nth-Z-\-ß-fn¬ A¥y-\mƒ F∂p-Xs∂ hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.
Ah¿ hn⁄-∑m-cm-sW-∂s{X _pJmcn ]d-bp-∂-Xv.)
At∏mƒ ]q¿h-Ime ]fin-X-∑m¿ ]d-bm≥ ss[cy-s∏-SmØ Imcy-
amWv hna¿i-I≥ "Xt‚-S-tØm-Sp-IqSn' ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v hy‡w-
˛-I-hmSw AS-™n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v! AXpw CPvam-C\p hncp-≤-ambn!
D≈Xp ]d™ auZqZn Ip‰-hmfn! Ahm-kvXh {]kvXm-h\ \S-Øp∂
hna¿i-I≥ kXy-hm\pw!
Ihm-S-a-S-bm≥ ImcWw tbmKy-cn-√m-Ø-Xm-Wp-t]mepw! F¥mWo
tbmKyX? "PwD¬ Phm-anC'¬ ]d-bp∂p:
(apPvXl - nZv ^Jo-lm-W.v {]mb-]q¿Øn-h∂ - h - \pw _p≤n-bp-≈h - \pw Ign-hp-

‰-h\pw {]IrXym Imcy-t_m-[a- p-≈h - \pw _p≤n-]c - a- mb sXfn-hp-Ifpw Ah-
bn-eS- ß
- nb \nb-ahpw kw_-‘n-®d- n-bp-∂h - \pw `mj-bnepw Ad_n `mjm-
im-k{v X-Ønepw \nZm-\ß - f- nepw Ae-¶m-ci - m-k{v X-Øn(-aB - \n, _em-K)epw
Jp¿-B≥ ˛l-Zo-kp-If - psS \nba kw_-‘n-bmb `mK-ßfnepw˛ aqe-hmIyw
a\-∏m-Ta - n-s√-¶n-epw-˛G- d- °
- psd Adn-hp-≈h - \ - m-W.v Abmƒ i¿-C[C-ke v m-an-
I-\n-baw]s‚ auenI XXz-ßf - [- n-IØ - nepw Ah-Kmlw t\Sn-bn-cn-°W - w.
imcn-C-[-\n-b-a-Zm-Xm-hv]s‚ Dt±iyw {Kln-°m≥ Ign-bp-am¿ Ah-bn¬
{]mhoWyw t\Sn-bn-cn-°-Ww. CPvam-C\v ewL\w hcmsX kq£n-°m≥
AXns‚ cwK-ßfpw Adn-bW - w. \mkn-Jv, a≥kq-Jv, Bb-Øp-If - psS Ah-
X-cW
- I - m-cW - ß - ƒ, apX-hm-Xn¿-˛B - l - m-Zp-If - psS D]m-[n-Iƒ, kzlo-l,v ZCu-
^v, \nth-ZI - ∑
- m-cpsS Ah-ÿI - ƒ F∂o Imcy-ßf - n¬ ]cn-⁄m-\a - p-≈h - -
\m-bn-cn-°W - s - a-∂Xpw ]cn-KW - n-°s - ∏-tS-≠X - m-Wv. \ΩpsS ImeØv Ah-
199
bn-sem-s°-Øs∂ Ah-bpsS Cam-ap-Isf Ah-ew-_n-®m¬ aXn-bm-

hpw. ssZh-im-kv{Xw[C¬ap¬I-emw], ^nJvlnse imJm-]-c-amb Imcy-
ßƒ F∂nh Adn-bp-I, ]pcp-j-\m-hp-I, kzX-{¥-\mhpI F∂n-XymZn
Imcy-ß-sfm∂pw \n¿_-‘-an-√. {]_-em-`n-{]m-bw, \oXn-am-\m-bn-cn-°-
W-sa-∂Xpw D]m-[n-b√ F∂m-Wv. ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp-≤-ß-fmbn hcp∂
{]am-W-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw \m\m¿Y-tZym-XI ]Z-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw ]cn-tim-
[n-t°-≠Xpw Bh-iy-am-Wv.)
C{X-bp-amWv apPvX-ln-Zn-\p-≠m-bn-cn-t°≠ tbmKy-X-Iƒ. CØcw
tbmKy-XI- f- p≈ Hscm‰ a\p-jy\pw Bbn-cØ - m-≠p-If
- mbn temI-sØm-cn-
SØpw D≠m-bn-ń-s√∂pw C\n-sbm´v D≠m-hp-I-bn-s√-∂p-sams° Xo¿∏v
Iev]n-°m-\p≈ sXfn-sh-¥m-sW∂v hy‡-am-°m≥ hna¿i-I\pw
Bƒ°mcpw _m[y-ÿc - m-W.v
C\n-sbm-∂p-≈Xv CPvam-Av hmZ-amWv; "\men¬ Hcp aZvl-_n¬\n∂v
]pd-Øp-t]m-I¬ \njn-≤a- m-sW∂v CPvam-Ds- Im≠v ÿnc-s∏-´X- mWv' t]mepw!
km[m-cW- °- m-cs\ `b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ C\n-sb¥v thWw.
]t£, CPvam-Av F¥m-sW∂pw Cu CPvam-Cs‚ Bfp-Iƒ Bcm-
sW∂pw a\-n-em-°n-bm¬ B `bw Xmt\ \oßn-s°m-≈pw. "PwD¬ Phm-
anC'¬ Fgp-Xp∂p:
(apl-Ω-Zn(-k)∂v tij-ap≈ apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Ønse Hcp Ime-L-´-Øn-

ep≈ apPvXl - n-Zp-If- psS GsX-¶nepw Imcy-Øn-ep≈ tbmPn® A`n-{]m-b-
Øn-\mWv CPvam-Av F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. At∏mƒ CPvam-Av apPvX-ln-Zp-I-
fn¬ ]cn-an-X-am-sW∂v a\-n-em-bn. At∏mƒ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS tbmPn-®p≈
A`n-{]mbw ]cn-KW - n-°s - ∏-Sp-Ib - n-√.)
Hcp Ime-L-´-Ønse apPvX-ln-Zp-Iƒ Hcp-Imcyw kw_-‘n®v GtIm-
]n®v Hc-`n-{]mbw ]d-bp-tºmƒ am{Xta CPvam-D≠ - m-hp-∂p≈q F∂m-Wt√m
C∏-d™- X
- ns‚ kmcw. apPvXl - n-Zp-If - n¬ Hcmƒt]mepw \men¬ Hcp aZvl_v
kzoI-cn-°¬ \n¿_-‘-am-sWt∂m AXn¬\n∂v ]pd-Øp-t]m-hm≥ ]mSn-
s√t∂m ]d-™X - mbn Hcn-SØpw ImWp-Ib - n-√. At∏mƒ AØcw Hcn-Pa v m-
D-s≠∂ hmZw ASn-ÿm\ cln-Xa - m-sW∂v h∂p. F∂-√, XJveoZv sNø-
cp-sX-∂X - n-\mWv CPvam-D≈ - X- .v Hcp apPvXl - nZpw XJveo-Zns\ A\p-Iq-en-®n-
ń√ F∂Xv X¿°-a‰ - Imcy-am-Wv. ]fin-X≥, Abmƒ apPvXl - n-Zs- √-¶n¬
t]mepw XJveoZv sNøm≥ ]mSn-s√∂pw ( ) Hcp
hn`mKw ]fin-X∑ - m¿°v A`n-{]m-ba - p-s≠∂v "PwD¬ Phm-anC'¬ ]d-™n-
cn-°p-∂X - p ImWmw. At∏mƒ Ihn-™m¬ C{X-am{Xw ]dbmw: \men-semcp
aZvl_ - n¬\n∂v ]pdØp t]mh¬ \njn-≤a - m-sW∂v apPvXl- n-Zp-If- √mØ
Hcp hn`mKw ]fin-X∑ - m¿°v A`n-{]m-ba- p≠v. Aß-s\-bm-hp-tºmƒ XJveoZv
200
hna¿i-\-Øns‚ t]cn¬ auZq-Znsb Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ hna¿i-I¿°p

bmsXmcp \ymb-hp-ap-≠m-hp-I-bn-√. Imc-Ww, adp-]-£-Øns‚ A`n-
{]m-b-amWv auZq-Zn-°p-≈-sX∂v hcp-a-t√m. kz¥w \ne-]mSv ÿm]n-
°m≥ {]am-W-ßƒ In´msX h∂-t∏mƒ hna¿i-I≥ Is≠-Ønb
Hcp kq{X-amWv CPvam-Av hmZw.
Camw Kmen "A¬ apkvXkv^' F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p:
(Adn-hp-≈-h≥ klm-_-Øn-s\tbm tij-ap-≈-h-sctbm XJveoZv

sNøm≥ ]mSn√ F∂ A`n- { ]m- b - Ø n- \ mWv JmZn(- A - _ q- _ °¿
A¬_m-Jn-√m-\n) {]mapJyw \¬In-b-Xv. \Ωp-sS-b-SpØv {]_-e-amb
A`n-{]m-bhpw AXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv.)
\mep aZvl_ - n-s‚bpw Cam-ap-Iƒ XJveo-Zns\ \ncp-’m-ls - ∏-Sp-Ønbpw
CPvXn-lm-Zns\ t{]m’m-ln-∏n®pw ]d™ Imcy-ßƒ apI-fn¬ \mw hmbn-
®p-h-t√m. Cu D≤-cWnIf-{Xbpw hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv CPvXn-lmZv A\p-h-Z-
\obw am{X-a√; \n¿_‘w IqSn-bm-sW-∂s - {X. alm-∑m-cmb Cam-ap-If - psS
aZvl_- ns‚ t]cp ]d-™mWv Nne ]n¬°me ]fin-X∑ - m¿-˛A- Xpw hn⁄m-
\-Øntem kq£vaX - b
- ntem Ah-cpsS \ne-hm-cØ - ns‚ Ab-eØ - p-t]m-ep-
sa-Øn-bn-ń-√m-Øh - ¿˛CPvXn-lmZv \njn-≤a - m-sW∂v {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≈Xv!
sshcp-≤y-sa-∂√ - msX as‰¥p ]d-bm≥!
A\p-Zn\w \hw-\-h-ß-fmb H´-\-h[n {]iv\-ßƒ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-
∂p≠v am\-hI - p-ew. ]pXnb {]iv\ß - ƒ ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-°mØ Zn\-ßf - n-√. a\p-
jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bp-ambn ka-ck - s- ∏-Sp∂ ssZhn-IZ- o≥ B {]iv\ß - ƒs°√mw
]cn-lmcw \n¿tZ-in-t°-≠X - p-≠.v ]t£, \ΩpsS ]fin-X∑ - m¿ hmZn-°p-∂-
Xv, Nn¥n-°mt\m {Kln-°mt\m ]mSn-s√∂pw lnPvd \memw \q‰m-t≠m-Sp-
IqSn Nn¥n-°m-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw \ne-bv°p-Itbm \ndp-Ø-em-°p-Itbm
sNbvXn-´p-s≠-∂p-amWv. Ckvemw a\p-jys‚ hf¿®-°\ - p-kc- n®v hf-cp-Itbm
hnI-kn-°p-Itbm sNøm-ØXpw hf¿Øp-Itbm hnIkn-∏n-°p-Itbm sNbvXp-
Iq-Sm-ØX- p-amb Hcp ]g-©≥ apc-´p-aX - a
- m-sW-∂m-Wt√m AXn-\¿Yw. B
hmZw D∂-bn-°p-∂tXm Ckvem-ans‚ kwc-£W - Ø- ns‚ t]cn-epw. Xßƒ
kwc-£n-°p-∂Xv Ckvem-an-s\tbm C_veo-kn-s\tbm F∂v C°q-´¿ kzb-
sam∂v Nn¥n®pt\m°n-sb-¶n¬!
Jp¿- B \pw kp∂Øpw C∂m¿°pw a\- n- e m- h p- I - b n- s √∂pw
AXn¬\n∂v hn[n-Iƒ t\cn´v a\-n-em-°m≥ C\n-bp≈ Imew ]fin-X-
∑m¿°p-t]mepw Ign-bn-s√-∂p-amWv Ch-cpsS \ymbw. \qdp-tIm-Sn-bn-e[ - nIw
hcp∂ temI-ap-kvenw-If - n¬ Hcp a\p-jy-\p-t]mepw _p≤nbpw Xt‚-Shpw
Adnhpw hnth-Ihpw hnNm-chpw Nn¥-bp-an-s√∂pw kI-ecpw aµ-_p-≤n-Ifpw
Ahn-th-In-Ifpw hnh-cw-sI-´h - c
- p-sam-s°-bm-sW-∂p-ap≈ Cu hmZw F{X-
201
ta¬ hnNn-{X-a√! IqSmsX, PwD¬ Phm-an-Av t\csØ D≤-cn® \_n-

h-N-\-Øn∂v hncp-≤-hp-amWm \nK-a-\w. Cu hkvXp-X-Iƒ Nq≠n-°m-
Wn-®-XmWv auZqZn sNbvX sX‰v!
CPvXn-lm-Zns‚ Ihm-Sw \memw \q‰m-t≠m-Sp-IqSn AS-™p-t]m-sb∂pw
]n∂o-Sn-tßm´v XJveoZv am{Xta ]mSp-≈q-sh∂pw hmZn-°p∂ tIc-fØ - nse
"kakvX' aX-]fi - n-X∑- m¿ Xs∂ ]e {]iv\ß - f - nepw kzbw CPvXn-lmZv
\S- Ø p- I bpw ^Xv h - I ƒ \ev I p- I bpw sNbv X n- ´ p- s ≠- ∂ - X mWv
hmkvXhw; AXv CPvXn-lm-Zm-sW∂v Ah¿ Xpd∂p]d-bp-I-bn-s√-
¶nepw! DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, _m¶n\pw JpXp-_°pw \a-kvIm-c-Øn\pw
D®-`m-jnWn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv ldm-am-sW∂v ka-kvX-bpsS alm-]-
fin-X-∑m-cmb JpXp_n apl-ΩZv apkven-bm¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ ^Xvh
\evIn-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂o-Sv, kakvX t\XrXzw Xs∂ AXv d±m-°p-Ibpw
D®-`m-jnWn D]-tbm-Kn-°¬ PmC-km-sW∂v ^Xvh \evIp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. im^nCu aZvl-_nse GXv InXm-_n-emWv D®-`m-jnWn
{]iv\w N¿® sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv? hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]cn-`mj sNøm≥
]mSn-s√∂v hn[n Iev]n-®-h¿X-s∂, AXn¬\n∂v ]n≥amdn ]cn-`mj
]pd-Øn-d-°n-bXv as‰mcp CPvXn-lm-Zm-Wv. Cw•ojv \c-I-`m-j-bm-sW∂v
"^Xvhm' \¬In-bh - ¿ Ct∏mƒ Cw•ojv ]Tn-°m≥ t{]m’m-l\w \evIp-
∂Xpw CPvXn-lmZv Xs∂. Npcp-°Ø - n¬, shdpw XJveoZv sIm≠v Hcp ]pXnb
{]iv\Ø- n\pw ]cn-lmcw ImWm-\m-hp-Ib - n-s√∂v ]tcm-£a - mbn "kakvX'
]fin-X∑ - m¿Xs∂ sXfn-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂n´pw C°mcyw Xpd-∂p-]d- ™
auZqZn kmln-_n\v Bt£]w Xs∂!
auZqZn sNbvX as‰mcp sX‰v aZvl-_n-ep≈ Hc-`n-{]m-b-Øn\v hncp-≤-
ambn Jp¿-Bt\m lZotkm I≠n´pw Ah c≠pw X≈n aZvl_ - nse A`n-
{]mbw icn-sh-°p-∂Xv in¿°m-sW∂v ]d-™X - m-W.v
A√m-lp-hn\pw dkq-en\pw ]ng-°mw, apPvX-ln-Zn\v ]nghv ]‰p-I-bn√
F∂m-bn-cp-∂pthm auZqZn ]d-tb-≠n-bn-cp-∂Xv ? apPvXl - n-Zn\v sX‰p-]‰- m-sa-
∂mWv Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬ Pam-AØ - ns‚ AJo-Zs - b∂ Imcy-sa-¶nepw
a\-n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ auZqZn A∏-d™ - Xv Hc-]c - m-[a- mbn ImtW≠
KXn-tISv hna¿i-I\v t\cn-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. ""Ah¿ Xß-fpsS ]fin-X-∑m-
scbpw ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-scbpw d∫p-I-fm°n''sb∂v Jp¿-B≥ blq-Z-˛-{In-
kvXob hn`m-Kß - sf A[n-t£-]n-°m≥ ImcWw A√m-lp-hn-s‚bpw {]hm-
N-I∑- m-cp-sSbpw hn[n-Iƒ°p hncp-≤a - mbn Ah¿ ]fin-X˛- ] - p-tcm-ln-X∑
- m-
cpsS hn[n ]n≥]-‰n-bX - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂X - p-IqSn tN¿Øp-hm-bn-®m¬ Imcyw
IqSp-X¬ hy‡-am-hpw.
C{Xbpw ]d-™Xv ]fin-X∑ - m-cpsS Imcy-am-Wv. F∂m¬ km[m-cW - -
°m-tcm, Ah¿ F¥p sNøWw? Ah¿°p Jp¿-B\pw lZokpw aZvl_ns‚
{KŸ-ßfpw ]cXn icnbpw sX‰pw I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√t√m F∂
tNmZyw {]k-‡a - m-W.v
Xßƒ°p hnizm-ka - p≈ ]fin-X∑ - m-tcmSv tNmZn®pw ]Tn®pw AX-\p-
202
k-cn®v \S-°p-Itb Ah¿°p KXn-bp-≈q. At∏mgpw B ]fin-X-∑m-

cpsS A`n-{]m-b-sa∂ \ne-bv°-√, A√m-lp-hns‚bpw dkq-en-s‚bpw
\nb-a-ß-sf∂ ]cn-K-W-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-hWw AsX∂v am{Xw.
AXp kw_-‘n®v "PwD¬ Phm-anC' ¬ ]d-bp-∂Xp C{]-Im-ca- mWv:
(km[m-c-W-°m-c-\pw, CPvXn-lm-Zn\p tbmKyX ssIh-∂n-ń-√mØ a‰m-

fp-I-fpw Xpey-sat∂m IqSpX¬ {]_-e-sat∂m t_m[y-ap≈ Hcp
\n¿WnX aZvl_v kzoI-cn-°¬ \n¿_-‘-am-sW-∂mWv IqSp-X¬ icn-
bmb A`n-{]m-bw.)
CXp kw_-‘n®v auZq-Zn°p e`n® tNmZyhpw At±lw AXn\p
\¬Inb adp-]S- nbpw Cßs\ hmbn°mw:
tNmZyw:
""\mep Cam-ap-Isf XJveoZv sNøp-∂Xv kw_-‘n-®p≈ Xm¶-fpsS A`n-
{]m-bs- a-¥mWv? AXv A\p-hZ- \ - o-ba - mtWm, \njn-≤t- am? A\p-hZ- \
- o-bs- a-
¶n¬ F{X-tØmfw?''
DØcw:
""Jp¿-B\pw kp∂Øpw \∂mbn {Kln-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ ]fin-X∑ - m¿
Jp¿-B\ - n¬\n∂pw kp∂-Øn¬\n∂pw t\¿°p-t\sc \nb-aß - ƒ {Kln-°m≥
{ian-°-Ww. F∂m¬ Ah¿°p ]q¿h ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS hnZ-Kv[m-`n-{]m-b-
ß-fpsS klmbw tXSm-hp-∂X - m-W.v A`n-{]m-bm-¥c- a- p≈ {]iv\ßfn¬ ]£-
]m-XnXzw ]mtS shSn-™,v apPvXl - n-Zp-If - n¬ BcpsS A`n-{]m-ba- mtWm Jp¿-
B∂pw kp∂-Øn\pw IqSp-X¬ tbmPn-°pI F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°-Ww.
Aßs\ kXy-sa∂v t_m[y-am-bXp am{Xw kzoI-cn-°W - w.
""Jp¿-B\pw kp∂Øpw \∂mbn {Kln-°m≥ Ign-hn-√mØh¿, ASn-
ÿm\ \nb-aß - f
- n¬\n∂p imJm-]c - a- mb \nb-aß
- ƒ \n¿≤m-cWw sNbvsX-
Sp-°m≥ A{]m-]vX-cm-b-h¿ Ah¿°p t_m[y-ap≈ Cam-ap-Itfm ]fin-
X≥amtcm ]d-™Xv ]n≥]-‰p-Itb KXy-¥-c-ap-≈q. Cßs\ Cam-ap-Isf
XJveoZv sNøp-∂-h¿°v Ahsc hna¿in-°m≥ ]mSp-≈-X-√.''(d-km-
C¬ h akm-C¬)
Jp¿-B-\n-eq-sSbpw kp∂-Øn-eq-sSbpw ]q¿h-Ime ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS
{KŸ-ßf - n-eq-sSbpw ÿnc-s∏´ kwK-Xn-bm-Wn-X.v AXn-s\-Xn-cn-emWv CPvam-
D-s≠∂v hna¿i-I≥ Pev]n-°p-∂X - v.
203
Ccp-]-Øn-c≠v
Xk-∆p^pw auZq-Znbpw
auZqZn Xk-∆p-^ns\ A]-l-kn-®p-I-f™p F∂mWv as‰m-cm-t£-
]w. Hcp hna¿i-I≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""F∂m¬ Xk-∆p-^ns‚ InXm-_p-
Ifpw Ah-bn-e-S-ßnb cl-ky-ßfpw Hcp Kpcp aptJ\ ]Tn-°m≥
`mKy-an-√m-Xn-cp∂ auZqZn a™-∏nØw _m[n-®-h-s\-t∏mse F√mw
\njn-≤-am°n sh°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. F√mw-sIm≠pw \ho-\-amWv
Xs‚ aX-sa∂v Hcn-°¬IqSn sXfn-bn-°p-I-bmWv AXp-ap-tJ\ auZqZn
sNbvX-Xv.''
hna¿i-I≥ Ipdn-°p∂p: ""F∂m¬ Xk-∆p-^n-s\-Ip-dn®v auZq-Zn-bpsS
A`n-{]mbw \ap°v ]cn-tim-[n°mw. "Xk-∆p-^ns‚ Cim-d-Øp-Ifpw AS-
bm-fß- fpw `mjm-{]-tbm-Kß - fpw Ah-tbmSv Xpey-Xb - p≈ am¿K-ßfpw C°m-
eØv \S-Øs - ∏-tS-≠X- n-√. CXp-t]mse ssI XpS¿®-bpsS am¿Khpw XyPn-
t°-≠X - m-Wv.'(A¬^p¿Jm≥ a≥kn-s_-PZ- oZv ). as‰mcp ÿeØv At±w
Xk-∆p-^n-s\-°p-dn®pw Xzco-J-Øns\ Ipdn®pw Fgp-Xp-∂Xv ImWpI.
"Zo\ns‚ ]p\-cp-≤m-cW - Ø- n\p th≠n h√Xpw C°m-eØv {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-
h¿ kq^n-If - psS `mj, D]-tbmKw, AS-bm-fß - ƒ, hkv{X-[m-cW
- c - o-Xn, ssI
XpS¿®(-Xz-co-JØ - v) CØcw am¿K-ßf - n-ep≈ F√m Imcy-ßt- fbpw {]ta-
l-tcm-Kn-Iƒ ]©-kmc h¿Pn-°p-∂X - p-t]mse h¿Pn-t°-≠X - m-W.v '(X-PZv oZv
t]Pv: 153). imlv hen-øp-√m-ln-±-lve-hnsb apP-±n-sZ∂v kΩ-Xn® tijw
Ah-km\w \ncq-]Ww \S-Øn-bXv ImWpI: "]t£, B alm-∑m¿
apkv e nw- I ƒ°p Xk- ∆ p- ^ ns‚ hn\m- i - I - c - a mb hnjw IpSn- ∏ n-
®p.'(XPvZoZv)'' (P-am-AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\-hpw t]Pv
51, 52)
"XPvZoZv h Clvbm F Zo\n'se Cu D≤-cW - n-bpsS hni-Zc- q]w hmbn-
®m¬ Xk-∆p^v kw_-‘n®v auZq-Zn-°p≈ ho£Ww F¥m-sW∂v Ffp-
204
∏-Øn¬ a\-n-em-°m-hp-∂-tX-bp-≈q. apP-±n-Zp-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

hne- b n- c p- Ø nb tijw Ah- c n¬ kao- ] - I m- e Øv h∂- h - c psS
{]h¿Ø\ßƒ th≠{X hnP-bn-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\p-≠mb ImcWw hnh-
cn-®p-sIm≠v auZqZn Fgp-Xp∂p:
""apP-±nsZ A¬^-km-\n-bpsS Imew-sXm´v imlv hen-øp-√m-ln-±-
lve-hn-bp-sSbpw A\p-N-c≥am-cp-sSbpw Imew hsc-bp≈ \thm-∞m\
{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ h∂ \yq\X F\n°p a\-n-em-bXv CXmWv; Xk-
∆p-^ns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ Ah¿ apkvenw-I-fpsS tcmKw th≠{X a\-n-
em-°n-bn-√. Xo¿Øpw h¿Pn-t°-≠n-bn-cp∂ AtX Blm-cw-Xs∂
ho≠pw Ah¿°p \evIn. Ah¿ ka¿∏n-®, Xk-∆p-^ns‚ X\-Xmb
cq]-tØmSv F\n-s°-Xn¿∏n-√. AXns‚ ssNX\yw sh®p-t\m-°p-
tºmƒ bYm¿Y Ckv e m- a nI Xk- ∆ p^v Xs∂- b m- b n- c p∂p AXv .
"Clvkm\n'¬\n∂v `n∂-am-bn-cp-∂n√ AXns‚ cq]w. F∂m¬ Rm≥
]cn-h¿Py-sa∂v ]d-™-Xv, kqô BwKy-ßfpw kqN-\-Ifpw `mjm-
ssi-enbpw kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xpw kzqô am¿K-tØmSv kZr-i-amb am¿K-
ß-f-h-ew-_n-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. bYm¿Y Ckvem-anI Xk-∆p-^n\v CtX
aqi Xs∂ thW-sa-∂n-√t√m; a‰p aqi-I-fp-am-hmw. a‰p `mjm-ssi-en-
Ifpw kzoI-cn-°mw. BwKy-ßfpw kqN-\-I-fp-sam-gn-hm-°mw. ssiJv-˛-
ap-co-ZmZn k{º-Zm-b-ßƒ shSn™v a‰p cq]-ßƒ ssIsIm-≈mw. ]ns∂-
sb-¥n\v Cu aqi-bn¬ Xs∂ hm¿°-W-sa∂v hmin-]n-Sn-°Ww? CXv
ssIsbm-gn-°m≥ ]d-bp-∂-sX-¥psIm-s≠-∂m¬, Gsd-°m-e-ambn
A\n-kvem-anI Xk-∆p^v CXn-emWv cq]w-sIm-≠-Xv. hnizm-k-]-chpw
[m¿an-I-hp-amb Ht´sd hn\m-i-ß-fn¬ apkvenw-I-ƒ sN∂p-s]-Sm≥
AXns‚ {]Nmcw kwK-Xn-bm-bn-´p-≠v. Cu aqi D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ
\q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn {]N-cn-®p-t]m∂ B ]gb tcmK-ß-sf√mw Xncn-®p-h-
cn-I-bm-bn. sh≈w XpS-ßn-bp≈ A\p-h-Z-\ob hkvXp-°ƒ hsc
tcmKn°p D]-{Z-h-I-c-am-hp-tºmƒ \njn-≤-am-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Cu
aqibpw kz¥w \ne-bn¬ A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-sW-¶nepw \n¿_-‘-ambpw
h¿Pn-t°≠n h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Imc-Ww, apkvenw-Isf el-cn-]n-Sn-∏n-
°p∂ Aho-\p≠v B ]pS-h-bn¬. AXns\ kao-]n-°p-tºm-tg°p
\q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn Ahsc ab-°n-°n-S-Ønb B Idp∏v B tcmKn-Iƒ°p
Hm¿a-h-cn-I-bm-bn.''(X-PvZoZv h Clvbm F Zo≥)
\njv]£ - _- p≤ym Cu JfinI ]mcm-bWw sNøp∂ GsXm-cmƒ°pw
hy‡-am-hpw, A]-IS- I - c- a
- mb A\n-kvem-anI Xk-∆p^v am{X-amWv auZq-Zn-
bpsS hna¿i-\Ø - n\v ic-hy-am-bn-´p-≈s
- X-∂v. imlvhe
- n-øp-√m(-d) XpS-ßn-
bp≈ alm-∑m-cpsS Xk-∆p-^ns‚ A¥-Ø Ckvem-an-Ihpw kzoIm-cy-hp-
am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v At±lw hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kmam\yw Zo¿Ln® Cu
N¿®-bn¬\n∂v Hcp hmIyw am{X-sa-SpØv, auZqZn Xk∆p-^ns‚ i{Xp-hm-
sW∂v {]Jym-]n-°p-Ib - mWv hna¿i-I≥ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂X - v.
as‰√m Imcy-ßsf kw_-‘n-®p-sa-∂-t]mse Xk-∆p-^ns\ kw_-
205
‘n®pw auZq-Zn°p hy‡-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂Xv hmkvX-

h-am-Wv. AXv X\n Ckvem-anI ImgvN-∏m-Sm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂p am{Xw. Xk-
∆p-^ns\ At±lw aq∂mbn hn`-Pn-°p-∂p≠v: X\n Ckvem-an-Iw, X\n
A\n-kvem-an-Iw, c≠pw IqSn-°p-g-™-Xv. auZqZn Fgp-Xp∂p:
""Xk-∆p^v GsX-¶nepw Hcp hkvXp-hns‚ t]c-√, adn-®p, hyXy-kvX-
ß-fmb ]e Imcy-ßfpw Cu \ma-Øn¬ {]kn-≤-am-bn-´p-≠v. \mw
kXy-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Xk-∆p^v H∂m-sW-¶n¬ \mw \ncm-I-cn-°p∂ Xk-
∆p^v as‰m-∂m-Wv. \∂m-°n-sb-Sp-°-W-sa∂v \mw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ Xk-
∆p^v aq∂m-a-sXm-∂m-Wv.
""Ckvem-ans‚ Bhn¿`mh Imew sXmt´ ^pssf-ep_v\p Cbm-fv,
C_vdmlow AZvlw, aA-d v q^v I¿Jo(-d) XpS-ßn-bp≈ alm-∑m¿ \ne-sIm-
≠n-cp-∂X - mWv Hcp Xk-∆p-^.v AsXmcp kzX{¥ Z¿i-\a - m-bn-cp-∂n-√. kzX-
{¥- am¿K-hp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. InXm-_n¬\n∂pw kp∂-Øn¬\n-∂p-apƒs°m≠
Nn¥-Ifpw I¿am-\p-jT v m-\ß - fpw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p Ah. F¥m-bn-cp-∂pthm
Ckvem-ans‚ e£yw AXp-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p Ah-cp-sS-sb-√m-h-cp-sSbpw
e£yw. AXm-bXv A√mlphns‚ t\sc-bp≈ If-¶a - n-√m-bva(-CJ - vem-kv),
A√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp≈ B`n-apJyw F∂n-h. "A\p-k-cWw Ah\p am{X-
a¿∏n®pw EPp-am-\k - c- mbpw A√m-lp-hn\v ASn-as - ∏-Sm-\√ - msX Ah¿ Iev]n-
°-s∏-ń-ń-√.' Cu Xk-∆p-^ns\ \mw icn-sh-°p-∂p. icn-sh-°pI am{X-a√ - ,
AXv \ne-\n∂p ImWm\pw {]N-cn®p ImWm\pw B{K-ln-°pI IqSn sNøp-
∂p. Aivdm-In-b≥, dphm-Jn-b≥, skmcm-jv{Sn-b≥, thZm¥w XpS-ßn-bp≈
Z¿i-\ß - ƒ Ie¿∂-XmWv as‰m-cn\w Xk-∆p-^v. ss{IkvXh ]ptcm-ln-X-
∑m-cp-sSbpw sslµ-ht- bm-Kn-If - p-sSbpw am¿K-ßf - pƒs°m-≈p-∂Xpw _lp-
ssZ-hX - z-]c - a
- mb `mh-\I - fpw tbmK-ßfpw IqSn-°e - ¿∂-Xp-am-WX - .v AXn¬
ico-AØpw Xzco-JØpw aA-c v n-^Ø - p-sams° thsd-thsd Imcy-ßf - m-W.v
H∂n\v at‰-Xp-ambn sX√pw _‘-an-s√∂v am{X-a√ - , an°-t∏mgpw ]c-kv]c - -
hn-cp≤w IqSn-bm-W.v a\pjys\ `qan-bn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xn-\n-[n-sb∂ \ne-
°p≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°m≥ k∂-≤-\m-°p-∂-Xn\v ]Icw
Xo¿Øpw hncp≤ {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ°p Xøm-sd-Sp-∏n-°p-Ib - s{X AXn¬ kw`-
hn-°p-∂X - .v CXmWv \mw \ncm-Ic - n-°p∂ Xk-∆p-^.v \ΩpsS ho£-WØ - n¬
Zo\ns‚ kwÿm-]\ - Ø- n\v B[p-\nI Pmln-en-øØ - ns\ \in-∏n-t°-≠Xv
F{X-am{Xw A\n-hm-cy-amtWm A{X-Xs∂ A\n-hm-cy-amWv CXn-s‚bpw
kwlm-cw.
""Ch-c≠ - n\pw ]pdta as‰m-cp-Xcw Xk-∆p^v IqSn-bp-≠.v BZy-bn\w Xk-
∆p-^n-s‚bpw c≠m-a-sØ-bn\w Xk-∆p-^n-s‚bpw {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ
A¬]m¬]-ambn IqSn-°e - ¿∂-Xs{X AXv. hn⁄m-\hpw ip≤ e£y-hp-
ap≈ alm-∑m-cmb Nne-scm-s°-Xs - ∂-bmWv Cu Xk-∆p-^ns‚ am¿K-ßƒ
{Iao-Ic- n-®n-´p-≈X - .v ]t£, kz¥w Ime-L´- Ø - ns‚ {]tXyIXI-fn¬\n-t∂m,
ap≥Im-eß - f - psS kzm[o-\ß - f- n¬\nt∂m Ah Xo¿Øpw kpc-£n-Xa - m-bn-
cp-∂n-√. Ckvem-ans‚ bYm¿Y Xk-∆p^v a\-n-em-°m\pw Pmlneo Xk-
206
∆p-^ns‚ tNdn¬\n∂v AXns‚ am¿K-ßsf ip≤n sNøm\pw Ah¿

]q¿W-{i-a-ß-f¿∏n-®n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ AtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ Ah-cpsS
Z¿i-\-ß-fn¬ Pmlneo XXz-im-kv{X-am-Ip∂ Xk-∆p-^n-s‚bpw, Ah-
cpsS I¿a-ß-fnepw hym]m-c-ß-fnepw A\y-X-e-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-sIm-≠p-
h∂ I¿am- \ p- j v T m- \ - ß - f p- s Sbpw kzm[o\w Aev ] mev ] w _m°n
\n¬°p-∂p-≠v. InXm-_ns‚bpw kp∂-Øn-s‚bpw A[ym-]-\-hp-ambn
Ah G‰p-ap-´p-∂p-sh∂ kwibw P\n-°p-tºmƒ hymJym\w hgn Ah
A\p-Iq-e-ß-sf∂v a\-n-em-°p-I-bs{X sNøp-∂-Xv. AXn-s\ms°
D]-cn-bmbn Cu Xk-∆p-^ns‚ Dt±iy e£y-ßƒ ]e-t∏mgpw Ckvem-
ans‚ Dt±-iy-˛-e-£y-ßƒ°p hncp-≤-hp-am-bn-cn-°pw. hy‡-amb coXn-
bn¬ a\p-jys\ kmwkvIm-cnI _m[y-X-Iƒ \nd-th-‰m≥ ]mI-Øn¬
Xøm-dm-°n-sb-Sp-°p-Itbm "\nßƒ P\-ßƒ°p km£n-I-fm-hms\'∂
hmIy-Øn¬ Jp¿-B≥ hnh-cn® Imcyw {]Im-in-∏n-°p-Itbm AXns‚
e£y-a√. AXns‚ A¥n-a-^-e-sa∂ \nebv°v a\p-jy≥ Zo\ns\
]q¿W-ambn {Kln-°p-I-tbm, AXns‚ kwÿm-]-\-sØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-
°p-Itbm, AXns‚ \n¿h-l-W-Øn\v tbmKy-\m-hp-Itbm sNbvI-sb-
∂Xv km[y-hp-a-√. Cu aq∂m-an\w Xk-∆p-^v, \mw AXns\ ]q¿W-
ambn icn-sh-°p-∂n-√, ]q¿W-ambn \ncm-Ic - n-°p-∂pan-√. ]I-cw, AXns‚
A\p-I¿Øm-°-tfmSpw kwc-£-I-tcm-Sp-ap≈ \Ω-psS-b-t]-£, Zb-hmbn
henb henb Bfp-If - psS hnizm-kß - ƒ bYm-ÿm\w sh®v, \nßƒ Cu
Xk-∆p-^ns\ Jp¿-Bs - ‚bpw kp∂-Øn-s‚bpw shfn-®Ø - n¬ Hcp \ncq-]-
W-Øn\v Xøm-dm-hW - s - a∂pw AXv \∂m-°n-sb-Sp-°m≥ {ian-°W - s- a-∂p-
am-W.v H∏w GsX-¶nepw hy‡n XZ-Sn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬ Cu Xk-∆p-^ns‚ h√
Imcyhpw Jp¿-B∂pw kp∂-Øn-\p-sa-Xn-cm-sW∂v ]d-bp-tºmƒ, AXp kz¥w
A`n-{]m-bØ
- n\v tbmPn-°s - ´, tbmPn-°m-Xn-cn-°s - ´, Fß-s\-bm-bmepw \ncq-
]-WØ- n-\p≈ Abm-fpsS kzmX{¥yw XS-bc- p-sX∂pw Hcp \ne°pw Abmsf
Bt£] iIm-cß - ƒ°p ic-hy-\m-°c - p-sX∂pw am{X-am-W.v ''(X¿Pp-am-\p¬
Jp¿-B≥ s^{_p-hcn 1952. D≤-cWw: Bknw \pA-vam-\n-bpsS "Xk-∆p^v
207
Hu¿ XA-vaosd kodØv')

Xk-∆p-^ns\ ]mtS X≈p-Ib - √
- , adn®v AXnse A\n-kvem-anI tNcp-
h-Ifpw IS-Øn-°q-é - p-Ifpw FXn¿°pI am{X-amWv auZqZn sNbvXn-´p-≈-
sX∂v Cu D≤-cWn hy‡-am-°p-∂p. Xk-∆p-^ns‚ AØcw hnIr-Xc - q-]-
ßsf auZqZn am{X-a√ hna¿in-®n-´p-≈q. kq^n-If - psS Ahy‡ kqN-\I - -
sfbpw BwKy-ßs - fbpw Bt£-]n-®p-sIm≠v Camw Kmen Fgp-Xp∂p:
(F∂m¬ iXvlv sIm≠v \mw Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv Nne kq^n-Iƒ ]pXp-
Xm-bp-≠m-°nb c≠p-Xcw hmIy-ß-fm-Wv. Ah-bn-sem-∂v, A√m-lp-
hp-ambn ISpØ t{]ahpw _mly-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Bh-iy-an-√m-Ø{X
ASpØ _‘- h p- a p- s ≠∂v tZymXn- ∏ n- ° p∂ hn[- Ø n- e p≈
kpZo¿Lamb Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ß-fmWv. Xßƒ A√m-lp-hn¬ hnebw
{]m]n- ® n- ´ p- s ≠∂pw Xßƒ°p ùan- I - a mb ad \oßn- ° n- ´ n- b n- ´ p-
s≠∂pw A√m-lp-hns\ t\cn¬ ImWp-Ibpw Ah-t\mSv t\cn´p
kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøm-dp-s≠∂pw hmZn-°m≥ hsc Ah-cn¬ Nne¿
[rjvS-cm-hm-dp-≠v. Rß-tfmSv C∂Xv ]d-™p, Rßƒ C∂Xp ]d™p
Fs∂m-s° ]dbpw Ah¿. CØcw Nne ]Z-ßƒ ]d-™-Xns‚ t]cn¬
Xq°n-te-‰s - ∏´ lpssk-\p_v\p a≥kq-dp¬ l√mPv F∂-bm-fp-ambn C°m-
cy-Øn¬ kZr-ic - m-hm\pw Ah¿ {ian-°m-dp-≠.v At±-lØ - ns‚ "A\¬lJv'
(Rm-\mWv kXy-ssZ-hw) hmZhpw A_q-b-koZ¬ _nkvXm-an-bn¬\n∂v
At±lw kp_vlm\o, kp_vlm\o (Rm≥ ]cn-ip-≤≥) F∂v ]d-™X - mbn
D≤-cn-°s - ∏-ń-´p-≈Xpw Ah¿ sXfn-hn\v FSpØp ImWn-°p-∂p-ap-≠.v km[m-
c-W°- msc kw_-‘n-t®-St- Ømfw hºn® Zpjvê - ß- f - p-fh
- m-°p∂ Hcp Xcw
kwkm-c-am-Wn-Xv. Im¿jn-I-hr-Øn-bn-te¿s∏-ń-cp∂ Nne¿ Xß-fpsS
Im¿jnI hrØn-bp-t]-£n®v CØcw hmZ-K-Xn-I-fp-ambn cwK-{]-th-i\w
sNøm≥ hsc AXv Imc-W-am-bn-´p-≠v. a\pjy {]IrXn CjvS-s∏-Sp∂
HcpXcw kwkm-c-am-W-Xv. Bfl-hn-ip≤n hcp-Øn, ÿm\-am-\-ßƒ t\Sn
I¿a-ßf - n¬\n∂v amdn \n¬°mw F∂-XmWv Imc-Ww. kz¥-Øn-\\ - p-Iq-e-
ambn Aßs\ hmZn-°m\pw \nc¿YI-sa-¶nepw Nne kpµc ]Z-ßƒ Is≠-
Øm\pw GsXmcp hnUvVn°pw {]bm-ka - p-≠m-hp-Ib - n-√. C\n Bsc-¶nepw
Bt£-]n-®mtem, Ah¿°v C{X-am{Xw ]d-bp-Itb th≠q, Cu Bt£-]-
Øn-∂S- n-ÿm\w hn⁄m-\hpw X¿°-hp-am-W.v Adnhv Hcp ad-bm-W.v X¿°w
208
a\- ns‚ hrØn- b pw. Cu kwK- X n- b m- h - s ´, kXy- { ]- I mi

Z¿i\ØneqsS-am{Xw e`y-am-hp∂ B¥-cnI shfn-]mSpw! CXpw CXp-
t]m-ep-≈-Xp-amb hmZ-K-Xn-I-fpsS ê-ambn \mń¬ \miw hym]n-°p-
Ibpw km[m-c-W-°m-cn¬ ieyw h¿[n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.
AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Zo\ns‚ ho£-W-Øn¬, CØcw hm°p-I-fp-cp-
hn-Sp∂ Hcmsf sIm√p-∂Xv ]Øm-fp-Isf Pohn-∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw t{ijvT-
am-Wv.)
hnip≤ Jp¿-B∂v B¥-cn-Im¿Yw ]d-bp-∂Xns\ \nin-Xa- mbn hna¿in-
®p- s Im≠v Zo\n¬\n- ∂ p≈ hyXn- b m- \ - a m- W - s X∂v IqSn At±lw
XpS¿s∂-gp-Xp-∂p-≠v.
c≠p-t]cpw XΩn¬ F¥mWv A¥-c-ap-≈Xv? A\n-kvem-anI Xk-
∆p^v ssIsbm-gn-°-W-sa∂v auZqZn ]d-bp∂p; AØcw kq^n-Isf
sIm∂p-I-f-b-W-sa∂v Km-en-bpw. Camw Km-en-bpw, Alvep-p-
∂Øn¬ s]Sm-Ø-bmfpw DkvXm-Zn¬\n∂v t\cn´v ]Tn-°m≥ `mKyw
Inń-bn-ń-√m-Ø-h-\p-sam-s°-bm-sW∂v C°q-´¿ hmZn-t®-°ptam?
A_≤ hnizmkw {]N-cn-∏n-°p∂ kq^n-Isf sIm∂p-If - b
- W
- s
- a∂pw
Ah¿ aX-\n-tj-[n-Ifpw i{Xp-°f - p-am-sW∂pw Ah-cpsS t\Xmhv C_v\p¬
Ad_n "Im^ndm'sW∂pw Alvep-p-∂Øn h¬ Pam-AØns‚ AJo-Z-
bpsS {KŸ-amb "i¿-lp¬ AJo-ZØ - p-Øl - m-hnø'bn¬ Camw Xzlmhn Fgp-
Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. At±lw ]d-bp∂p:
("A√m-lp-hns‚ ZqX-∑m¿°p \evIn-bX - p-t]m-ep-≈Xv Rßƒ°pw \evIn-

b-√msX Rßƒ hniz-kn-°p-Ib - n√' F∂v ]d-™h - c- psS "Ip^vdn't\°mƒ
ISp-ØX - m-Wv C_v\p¬ Ad-_n-bp-sSbpw Iq´m-fn-If - p-sSbpw "Ip^vd'v , F∂-
√, C_v\p¬ Ad-_nbpw Iq´m-fn-Ifpw I]-S∑ - mcpw ]c-temI \ntj-[n(-kn≥Zo-
Jv)I
- fpw AssZz-Xh
- m-Zn-If
- p-amWv. \c-IØ
- ns‚ ASn-Ø´- n-emhpw Ah¿ InS-
°p-I.)
Camw Xzlm-hnbpw kp∂Øv Pam-A-Øn¬\n∂v ]pdØp t]mbn-cn-
°ptam?
l√m-Pns‚ Nne hmIy-ßƒ C{]-Im-ca - mWv:
(Rm≥ Bsc kvt\ln-°p-∂pthm Ah≥ Rm\m-W.v Fs∂ B¿ kvt\ln-

°p-∂pthm Ah\pw Rm≥ Xs∂. Htc ico-cØ
- n¬ tNt°-dnb c≠m-flm-
209
°-fs{X Rßƒ. Ahs\ I≠m¬ Fs∂ I≠p. Fs∂ I≠m¬

Rßsf I≠p.)
a\p-jy\pw ssZhhpw, AYhm krjvSnbpw {kjvSmhpw Hcmƒ Xs∂
F∂v ]d-bp∂ AssZzX kn≤m-¥hpw CXpw XΩn¬ F¥m-sWm-c¥ - c
- a
- p-
≈Xv!
as‰m-cn-°¬ l√mPv ]d™p:
(Pp∫-bn¬ ssZh-a-√msX H∂p-an-√.)

F√m kq^n-Ifpw aX Nn”-ßƒ ]q¿W-ambn ]n¥p-S-c-W-sa∂v
\n¿_-‘-ap-≈-h-cm-bn-cp-∂n-√. ssZh-km-ao-]y( )Øns‚ Hcp ]Sn-
bn-se-Øn-°-gn-™m¬ ]ns∂ _mly Nn”-ßƒ ssIs°m-≈-W-sa-
∂n-s√∂v ]d-™-h¿ hsc Ah-cn-ep-≠v.
l÷v sNtø-≠X - n-s√∂pw kz¥w hoń¬ Hcp apdn-bn¬ sh®v l÷v
\n¿h-ln-®m¬ aXn F∂pw hmZn-°p∂p F∂m-bn-cp-∂p-ht√m l√m-Pns‚
t]cn-ep≈ Hcm-tcm-]Ww Xs∂.
C_v\p¬ Ad-_n-bpsS k¿h-aX kXy-hmZw C{]-Im-ca - mWv:
(Fs‚ lrZbw GXp cq]hpw kzoI-cn-°pw. AXv am≥t]-S-bpsS ta®n¬

ÿe-am-hpw. tbmKn-bpsS ]¿W-im-eb - m-Ipw. _nw_m-eb - hpw "Xzhm^v'[{]-
Z-£n-Ww] sNøp-∂h - s‚ IA-v_b - p-am-hpw. Xudm-Øns‚ ]e-It- bm, Jp¿-
Bs‚ GtSm Bhpw. t{]a-am-sWs‚ aXw. AXns‚ kwL-tØm-Sm-sW-\n-
°m-`n-ap-Jyw. AsX, t{]aw am{X-amWv Fs‚ aXhpw hnizm-kh - pw.)
A√m-lp-hns‚ Zo\pw Cu coXn-bn-ep≈ Xk-∆p^pw XΩn-se¥p _‘w?
Zo\ns‚ kpµ-c-cq]w sXfn™p ImWm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂ bmsXm-cmfpw
CØcw Xk-∆p-^p-Isf XpW-°m≥ Hcp-sº-Sp-Ib - n-√. F∂-√, Ah ssIsbm-
gn-°W
- s - a∂v Dds° ]d-bm≥ Ah¿ _m[y-ÿc - m-Wv.
Clvkm≥
a\x-km-∂n[yw km[n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ Bcm-[\ - bv°v Ckvemw D]-tbm-
Kn® hm°mWv "Clvkm≥' F∂Xv. AXp-X-s∂-bmWv "Xk-∆p^v'
sIm≠p≈ hnh-£bpw F∂v "Xk-∆p^n's‚ Nne ]fin-X∑ - m¿ A`n-{]m-
b-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ Cu \maw Zpcp-]t- bm-Ks
- ∏-Sp-Øn, hgn-sX-‰nb "Xk-
∆p^n's\ hsc "Clvkm≥' F∂v hyh-lc- n-°p∂ Nne-cp-≠.v \ΩpsS hna¿i-
I\pw Xk-∆p-^ns‚ samØ-Øn-ep≈ kzoIm-cy-X°p sXfn-hp-≤c- n-®Xv CtX
210
"Clvkm\n's‚ sXfn-hp-I-fm-Wv.
""Clvkm≥ F∂v lZo-kn¬ ]d-™X - ns‚ s]mcp-fp-amWv Xk-∆p-^ns‚
ASn-ÿm-\s - a∂v {Kln-°W
- s
- a-¶n¬ \njv]£ _p≤n-tbmsS AXp Nn¥n-
°msX Xc-an√''F∂p≈ hna¿i-Is‚ hcn-Iƒ AXmWv hy‡-am-°p-∂-
Xv. AXn-\m¬ "Clvkms‚' A¿Yhpw hnh-£bpw F¥m-sW∂v \ap°p
]cn-tim-[n-°mw.
Cuam≥, Ckvemw, Clvkm≥ F∂nh hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v \_n(-k)
]d™p:
(A√m-lp-hns\ ImWp-∂p-s≠-∂p≈ \nebv°v Ah∂v C_m-ZØv

sNø-emWv Clvkm≥. \o Ahs\ ImWp-∂n-s√-¶n¬Xs∂ Ah≥
\ns∂ ImWp-∂p-≠-t√m.)
C_m-ZØ - n¬ GIm-{K-Xbpw a\x-km-∂n-[yhpw thW-sa-∂s{X C∏-d-
™-Xns‚ kmcw. AXmWv \_n(-k) I¿a-Po-hn-XØ - n¬ ImWn®p X∂-X.v
klm-_n-I¬ Pohn-®Xpw AX-\p-kc - n-®m-bn-cp-∂p.
]t£, \_n(-k)-bp-sStbm klm-_Ø - n-s‚tbm amXrI H´p-an-√mØ
"_nZvA
- Ø - p-Isf' Clvkm-s\∂ t]cn¬ sh≈-]qin A\p-hZ- \ - o-ba- m-°m≥
CsXm-cn-°epw Hcp \ymbam-°n-°q-Sm. Clvkms‚ I¿a-am-XrI \_n(-k)
ImWn®p X∂n-s√∂v hmZn-°p-∂-Xn\v Xpey-am-bn-cn°pw AXv. sslµ-h-˛-
_u-≤a - X- ß
- f- n¬ {]mNpcyw kn≤n® k\ym-k˛- t- bm-Kß - fpw sshcm-Ky-hp-
sam∂pw Ckvem-an¬ IS-Øn-°q-´m-\p≈ ]gp-Xp-am-bn-°qSm "Clvkm≥'.
CØcw A\n-kvem-anI kn≤m-¥-ß-fpsS \pg-™p-I-b‰w XS-bp-I-bmWv
kq^n-Iƒ {]tbm-Kn® BwKy-ßfpw kqN-\I - f- p-sa√mw Dt]-£n-°W - s - a∂v
]d-bpI hgn auZqZn Dt±-in-®n-´p-≈X- v.
Xzco-JØv
""Pmln-en-ø, dplv_m-\n-ø, _p≤n-kw, tbmKv, k\ymkw F∂n-ßs - \-
bmWv At±lw Xzco-JØ - n-s\-°p-dn®v Xs‚ {]kn-≤o-Ic- W- ß- f
- n¬ \evInb
hnti-j-W-ßƒ. kplvZpw (-{]-]-©-Xym-Kw) aim-C-Jp-I-fpsS am¿K-ß-fp-
sa√mw auZq-Zn-bpsS ]cn-lm-kØ - n\v ]m{X-am-bn-´p-≠v''˛hn-a¿iIs‚ as‰m-
cm-t£-]a - m-Wn-X.v
F¥mWv Xzco-JØ - ns‚ ASn-ÿm\w? \_n(-k)-bp-ambn Nne¿ AXns\
_‘-s∏-Sp-Øm-dp-≠v. \_n(-k) A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°p Nne {]tXyI ka-b-
ß-fn¬ Nne {]tXyI ZnIvdp-Ifpw \a-kvIm-ch - p-sa√mw \n¿W-bn-®p-sIm-Sp-
Øn-cn-°p-∂p. AtX coXn-bn-emWv ssiJv, Xs‚ apco-Zp-am¿°p Nne {]tXyI
ZnIvdp-Ifpw Hudm-Zp-If
- p-sams° \n¿W-bn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂s - X-∂mWv C°q-
´¿ hmZn-°m-dv. A√m-lp-hns‚ dkq-en\v Aß-s\-sbms° sNøm-sa-¶n¬
Xzco-JØ- ns‚ ssiJn\pw AsXm-s°-bm-hm-sa∂v kmcw. ê-Øn¬ A√m-
lp-hns‚ dkq-en\pw Xzco-JØ - ns‚ ssiJn\pw Ch-cpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬ Htc
211
ÿm\- a m- W p- ≈ - X v . dkq- e n- t \- ° mƒ ssiJn\v ÿm\w \ev I p∂

kµ¿`-ßfpw C√m-Xn-√.
apco-Zns‚ PohnXw \nb-{¥n-°p-∂Xpw Abmƒ°v Bh-iy-amb ZnIvdp-
Ifpw Hudm-Zp-Ifpw {]m¿Y-\-I-fp-sams° \n¿W-bn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xpw
ssiJm-Wv. ]e ka-bØpw ]e FÆ-Øn-ep-ambn, dkq-ens‚ Ncy-bn¬
bmsXmcp amXr-Ib - p-an-√mØ ]eXpw ssiJv apco-Zn\v \n¿tZ-in-®p-sIm-Sp-
°p-∂p. AXn¬ ]eXpw ùXn-I-t\-´-ß-fp-t±-in-®p-≈-Xm-Wv. k¿∏-hn-jw,
hkq-cn, tImf-d, {`m¥v, A]-kvamcw apX-em-b-h-bn¬\n∂v c£-s∏-
Sm\pw ]nSn-s]-´Xv t`Z-am-hm-\p-amWv NneXv; a‰p NneXv kº-Øp-≠m-
hm\pw I®-hSw A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-Sm\pw Ipń P\n-°m\pw P\n-°p∂ Ipń
BWm-hm\pw I≈-∑m-cpsS ieyw Hgn-™p-In-´m\pw tIn¬ Pbn-
°m\pw Aßs\ ]e-Xn-\p-am-Wv.
Npcp-°-Øn¬ ssiJns‚ Xzco-J-Øn¬ tN¿∂v Abm-fpsS apco-
Zmbn h¿Øn-®m¬ ]ns∂ Zp≥-bm-hn¬ B]tØm BJn-d-Øn¬ \c-
Itam `b-°m-\n-√. CXmWv hnizm-kw. ssiJn-√m-Ø-hs‚ ssiJv
ssiØm-\m-sW-∂p≈ Hcp kq{X-hm-Iyhpw AXn-\p-th≠n sIń-
bp≠m-°n-bn-´p-≠v. ]ma-c-∑msc ]mń-em-°m≥ C\n-sb-¥p-thWw!
\nc¿Y-ßfpw Nncn-°m≥ hI-bp-≈Xpw hsc ssiJv \n¿tZ-in-°p∂
ZnIvdp-If
- n¬ ImWmw. cmhn-sebpw cm{Xnbpw 313 _Zvco-ßf - psS t]cv hgn-
°p-hgn P]n®p ]pWyw sImXn-®n-cn-°p∂ "]fin-X∑ - mcp'≠v \ΩpsS Iq´-
Øn¬. thsd Nne "ZnIvdp'Iƒ tIƒ°pI: "I¿I-±≥' (I-≠m-arKw
F∂¿Yw.) "imlq' (A¿Y-an-√), "bmlq C√mlq' , "emlq C√mlp', "lqlq'.
CØcw ZnIvdp-˛H - u-dm-Zp-Iƒ \n›-bn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p∂ ssiJp-am¿ Jp¿-
B\pw kp∂Øpw ]Tn-®n-ń-√m-Øh - tcm Ah-tbmSv {]Xn-_≤ - X ]pe¿Øm-
Ø-htcm Bbn-cn-°pw. thj-`m-h-ßƒ hgn ]ma-c-∑msc h©n-°p-Ibpw
ùXnI t\´-ßƒ hmcn-°q-´p-Ib - p-amWv Ah-cpsS D∂w. CØ-c° - msc Camw
Kmen "Clvbm Deq-an-±o\n'¬ sXmen-bp-cn®p ImWn-®n-´p-≠.v CØcw Xzco-
J-Øns‚ I¿Øm-°f - mbn hna¿i-I≥ FÆp-∂Xv alm-∑m-cmb Dssh-kp¬
J¿\n, lk≥ _kcn XpS-ßn-bh - s- c-bm-W.v X\n hymP {]kvXm-h\ - b
- s{X
CXv. Ah-cmcpw CØcw sshIr-Xß - ƒ Na-®p-≠m-°p∂ Iq´-Øn-em-bn-cp-
∂n-√.
Xk-∆p^pw Alvep-p-^v^Øpw
""klm-_Ø - n-t\mSpw kp^v^Ø - ns‚ Alvep-Im¿ F∂-dn-bs - ∏-Sp∂
alm-∑m-tcmSpw tNcp∂ kq^n-bm-°f - psS {]h¿Ø\ am¿Kw lrZ-bØ - n\v
A‘X _m[n-°mØ Hcmfpw C∂p hsc \ntj-[n-®n-ń√'' F∂v hna¿i-
I≥ {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p. klm-_-Øn-t\mSpw kp^v^-Øns‚ Alvep-Im-
tcmSpw tNcp∂ kq^n-bm-°f - psS {]h¿Ø-\a - m¿KsØ auZq-Znbpw \ntj-
[n-®n-ń-√, «mLn-°p-Itb sNbvXn-´p≈q F∂v \mw D≤-cn® auZq-Zn-bpsS
hcn-If- n¬\n∂p hy‡-am-bt- √m. _p≤-˛s - s{I-kX v h
- ˛- s
- sl-µh k\ym-kn-am-
212
tcmSv tNcp∂ kq^n-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\-am¿K-sØ-bmWv At±lw

\ntj-[n-®-sX∂v \mw I≠p. AXm-I-s´, Camw Km-en-sb-t∏m-se-bp-
≈- At\Iw alm≥am¿ t\csØ \ntj-[n-®n-´p≈Xm-sW∂v hy‡-
am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Xk-∆p-^ns\ "Alvep-p-^^ v Øp'ambn _‘n-∏n-°m≥ ImcWw Ah¿
Zcn-{Z-cm-bn-cp-∂X
- m-hW
- w. hymP-kq-^n-If
- psS A\n-kvem-an-Itam A\m-Nm-c-
]-ctam Bb bmsXm∂pw "kp^v^Øn's‚ Bfp-If - n¬ ImWpI km[y-a-
√. \_n(-k)-bpsS Ncy ]n≥]-‰p-Ib - m-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS Pohn-Xc- o-Xn. \_n-
Ncy ]Tn-°m-\m-bn-cp∂p Ah¿ AhnsS NS™p IqSn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. A\n-
kvem-anI "kq^n'Isf "Alvep-p-^v^Øp'ambn tN¿Øp ]d-bp-
∂Xp Xs∂ sshcp-≤y-am-Wv.
Alvep-p-^v^-Øn¬ Bcpw Xs∂ \a-kvIm-c-ap-t]-£n-®n-cp-∂n-
√. PS-sh®v D∑m-Zn-I-sf-t∏mse \S-∂n-cp-∂n√; {]tXy-I-amb AwK-hn-
t£-]hpw hywKy-`m-j-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂pan-√. AsXms° CXc
aX-ÿ-cn¬\n∂v IS-sa-Sp-Ø-Xm-Wv. Alvep-p-^v^-Øn\v AXp-ambn
bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√.
ss_AØv
Xzco-JØ - ns\ \ymbo-Ic - n-°m≥ hna¿i-I≥ "ss_A-Øp¿cn-Zvhm\p'w
kqd apwX-ln-\b - n¬ hnh-cn-®p-]d- ™ - , \_n(-k)bpw kXy-hn-izm-kn-\n-Ifpw
XΩn-ep≈ "ss_AØp'sa√mw sXfn-hm-bp-≤c - n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ""AXp-hgn Xzco-
J-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\w hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ sXfn-bn-°p-∂p-sh∂v alm-∑m-
cmb ap^-n-dp-Iƒ hni-Zo-Ic - n-®n-´p≠v'' t]mepw! t]mcm-™n´v ss_AØv
kw_-‘n®v _pJmcn D≤-cn® Hcp lZokpw!
]t£, Jp¿-B\pw kp∂Øpw hni-Zo-Ic - n® ss_AØpw Xzco-JØ - p-
Im-cpsS ssiJpw apcoZpw XΩn-ep≈ ss_AØpw H∂√ F∂ Imcyw
kuI-cy-]q¿hw hnkvac - n-®p-sIm-≠mWv hna¿i-I≥ Cu Ik¿Øp \S-Øp-
∂-X.v
ss_A-Øp¿cn-Zh v m-\m-Wt√m H∂m-asØ sXfn-h.v B kw`-ha- n-XmWv:
\_n(-k)bpw klm-_n-amcpw lnPvd 6˛mw B≠n¬ Dwd-bp-t±-in®v aZo-\-
bn¬\n∂v bm{X Xncn-®p. lpssZ-_n-øb - n¬ Xº-Sn-®p-Iq-Snb \_n(-k) Dkvam-
s\(-d) ZqXp-ambn a°-bn-te-°b - ® - p. Dkvam≥(-d) h[n-°s - ∏-´p-sh∂v Inwh-
Z¥n ]c-∂t- ∏mƒ Ckvem-ans‚ i{Xp-°f - p-ambn G‰papt´-≠n-hc - p-sa-∂m-bn.
Ahn-S∂v A\p-Nc - ∑- msc hnfn-®p-Iqń ss_A-Øv({- ]-Xn-⁄) sNøm-\m-h-
iy-s∏-´p. ka-cc- w-KØ - p-\n∂p HmSn-t∏m-hp-Ib - n-s√∂v {]hm-NI - s‚ ssIbn¬
ssI-bS- n-®p-sIm≠v Ah¿ ss_AØv sNbvXp. kpJ-ZpxJ t`Z-at\y GX-
h-ÿb - nepw Xncp-ta-\nsb A\p-kc - n-°p-sa∂pw Zo\n-∂p-th≠n acWw hsc
kacw sNøp-sa-∂p-amWv Nne¿ {]Xn⁄ sNbvXX - v.
c≠m-asØ sXfnhv kXy-hn-izm-kn-\n-If - psS ss_A-Øm-W.v A√m-lp-
hn¬ bmsXm∂pw ]¶p-tN¿°p-Ib - n-s√∂pw I°p-Ib - n-s√∂pw hy`n-Nc - n-°p-
213
I-bn-s√∂pw k¥m-\-ßsf sIm√p-I-bn-s√∂pw A]-hmZw {]N-cn-∏n-

°p-I-bn-s√∂pw \√ Hcp Imcy-Ønepw {]hm-N-I-t\mSv A\p-k-c-W-
t°Sv ImWn-°p-I-bn-s√-∂p-amWv Ah¿ sNbvX {]Xn-⁄. Ckvem-
anI \mb-Is‚ apºn¬ Zo\ns‚ \n¿tZ-i-ßƒ ]men-®p-sIm-≈m-sa∂pw
kac cwKØv Dd-®p-\n∂v s]mcp-Xn-s°m-≈m-sa-∂p-ap≈ {]Xn-⁄-
bmWv Cu c≠p kw`-h-ß-fn-ep-ap-≈-Xv. CXp t]mse Ckvem-ans‚
in£-W-ßƒ ]men-°m-\p≈ ss_A-Øp-Isf Bcm-sW-Xn¿°p-
∂Xv? ]t£, CXv ssiJ-∑m-cpsS apºn¬ sN∂v Ah¿ \n›-bn-
°p∂ ZnIv d p- I ƒ sNm√m- s a∂pw ImWn- ® p- X - c p∂ tKmjv S n- I ƒ
ImWn®p-sIm-≈m-sa∂pw {]Xn⁄ sNøp-∂-Xn\v sXfn-hm-hp-I-bn-
s√∂p am{Xw. F∂m¬ Hcp Ckvem-anI {]ÿm-\-Øn¬ tNcp-tºmƒ
"emC-eml C√-√mlv apl-Ω-Zp¿d-kq-ep-√mlv' F∂v Dcp-hn-Sp-∂Xpw
B hmIy-Øns‚ Xm¬]-cy-a-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-Ibpw {]h¿Øn-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≈m-sa∂v {]Jym-]n-°p-∂Xpw a‰p-≈-hsc Aap-
kvenw-I-fm-°m-\m-sW∂v apd-hnfn Iq´p-∂Xv C°q-´¿ Xs∂-bm-Wv.
214
Ccp-]Ø
- n-aq∂v
\mkvXn-I-scbpw PqX-˛-ss{I-kvX-h-scbpw
apkvenw-I-fm°n!
hna¿i-I≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Hcp `mKØv apkvenw-Isf Ah-tl-fn-°p-
Ibpw AtX kabw k¿h aX-ßfpw Ckvem-am-sW∂pw CXc aX-
ÿ¿t]mepw apkvenw-I-fm-sW-∂p-amWv auZq-Zn-bpsS hnizm-k-sa∂v
At±-l-Øn-s‚bpw A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sSbpw D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ \sΩ sXcy-
s∏-Sp-Øp∂p: "Hmtcm ImeØpw Hmtcm P\-k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fn-ep-ap-≠m-bn-
cp∂ kXy-k-‘cpw k÷-\-ß-fp-amb F√m-hcpw apkvenw-I-fm-bn-cp-
∂p. C∂pw Ah¿X-s∂-bmWv apkvenw-Iƒ. taenepw Ah¿ Xs∂-
bm-bn-cn°pw apkvenw-Iƒ.'(Ckvemw aXw. t]Pv 2) "Ah-cpsS `mj-I-
fn¬ AXns‚ t]¿ Ckvemw Ft∂m a‰p h√-Xptam Bhs´ GXm-
bmepw Ah-sc√mw apkvenw-I-fm-Wv.'(Ibid t]Pv 23). \nco-iz-c-\n¿a-X-
hm-Zn-I-sfbpw PqX-˛-{In-kvXo-b-sc-bp-sa√mw Ckvem-ans‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬
Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-I-bt√ At±lw sNbvXXv?'' (P-am-AsØ Ckvem-an,
ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\-hpw t]Pv 31, 32)
temIØp≈ kIe k÷-\ß - f- pw, kXy-k‘ - cpw \nco-iz-c∑
- mcpw \n¿a-
X-∑mcp-am-sW∂v hna¿i-I≥ hniz-kn-°p∂ t]mse-bp-≠v At±-lØ - ns‚
hnh-cWw I≠m¬. Hmtcm Ime-Øp-ap≈ F√m a\p-jycpw apkvenw-If - m-bn-
cp-∂p-sh-∂√ auZqZn ]d-™-Xv. ""Hmtcm Ime-Øpw Hmtcm P\-k-ap-Zm-b-
Øn-ep-ap≈ kXy-k‘ - cpw k÷-\ß - f - p-amb F√m-hcpw'' F∂mWv. Hcmƒ
kXy-k‘ - \pw kZvhr-Ø\ - p-ambnØocm≥ Ckvem-an¬ Nne \n_-‘\ - I
- -
sfm-s°-bp-≠v. AXv hy‡-am-°nb tij-amWv auZqZn D≤rX `mKw Fgp-
Xn-bn-´p-≈X- .v AXv Cß-s\-bmWv:
""F∂m¬ Ckvem-ans‚ {]tXy-IX AsXmcp {]tXyI hy‡n-bn-tet°m
kap-Zm-bØ - n-tet°m A√ tN¿°-s∏-Sp-∂s - X-∂p-≈X
- m-W.v "Ckvemw' F∂
215
]Z-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp {]tXyI KpW-sØ-bmWv AXns‚ \maw

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. Cu aXw GsX-¶n-ep-samcp hy‡n \n¿an-®tXm
Hcp {]tXyI kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ IpØ-Itbm As√∂v AXns‚ \maw
Xs∂ hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. AXn\v hy‡n, cmPyw, P\X F∂n-h-
tbmSv bmsXmcp {]tXyI _‘-hp-an√. Ckvemw F∂ DXvIr-jvS-
KpWw P\-ß-fn¬ kwPm-X-am-°pI am{X-amWv AXns‚ Dt±-iyw.''
C{Xbpw hnh-cn-®-Xn¬\n∂v kmam-\y-hm-b-\-°m-c\v a\-n-em-hpI
Ckvem-an¬ Nne {]tXyI KpW-ß-fp-s≠∂pw Ah Dƒs°m-≈p∂
hy‡n apkvenapw kXy-k-‘\pw kZvhr-Ø-\p-sam-s°-bm-bn-Øo-cp-
∂p-sh-∂pam-Wv. AØcw Bfp-Iƒ GXp ImeØpw apkvenw-I-fm-bn-
cp-∂p-sh∂v ]d-™m¬ AsXmcp kXyw am{X-am-Wv.
temIØv a\p-jy-hm-ka - p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-Sß
- f - n-se√mw Xs∂ {]hm-NI - \ - n-
tbm-Khpw \S-∂n-´p-≠v. {]hm-N-I≥am¿ F√m-hcpw apkvenw-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.
kzm`m-hn-Ia - mbpw Ah-cpsS bYm¿Y A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw apkvenw-Iƒ Xs∂.
C∂v temIØv ImWp∂ F√m aX-ßfpw Cß-s\-bp≈ {]hm-N-I-∑m¿
{]t_m-[\w sNbvXXpw ]n∂oSv A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ Xncp-Øn-bX - p-am-hm-\p≈
km[yX \ntj-[n-°m-\m-hn-√. Cu hkvXp-Xb - mWv auZqZn Cu hmIy-Øn-
eqsS shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂X - .v A√msX \nco-iz-c∑ - mcpw \n¿a-Xc- p-sams°
apkvenw-If- m-sW∂√ At±lw Aßs\ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v \njv]£ - -
\mb Hcmfpw ]d-bn-√.
"Ckvemw aX'Ønse 23-˛mw t]Pn¬\n∂v hna¿i-I≥ D≤-cn-®X - m-hs - ´,
B ]pkvXI - Ø
- nse "Ckvemw' F∂ H∂m-a[ - ym-bØ - nse Ah-km\ hcn-
bm-Wv. apºp≈ t]Pp-I-fn¬ apkvenw, Ckvemw Fs∂ms° ]d-™m¬
Bcm-Wv, F¥m-Wv, apkven-an\v Fs¥ms° sshin-jvSy-ß-fp-≠mhpw
Fs∂√mw hnkvXc- n-®p-]d- ™ - X
- n\p t\sc IÆ-S® - p-sIm-≠mWv hna¿i-Is‚
]S-tbm-´w.
as‰mcp hna¿i-I≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Hcmƒ apkven-am-Ip-∂Xpw BIm-Xn-cn-
°p-∂Xpw BZ¿i hnizm-kß - f - psS ê-am-bn-´m-sW∂v {]kvXm-hn® AtX
auZqZn Xs∂ as‰mcp ÿeØv ]d-bp-∂Xv ImWpI:
"kqcy≥, N{µ≥, \£-{X-ßƒ F∂n-Xp-I-sf√mw apkvenw-I-fm-Wv.
`qanbpw apkven-am-W.v hmbphpw sh≈hpw {]Im-ihpw apkvenw-If - m-W.v I√pw
ac-ßfpw arK-ßfpw apkvenw-If - m-W.v ssZhsØ Adn-bm-Øh - \pw ssZhsØ
\ntj-[n-°p-∂h - \pw ssZhsØ Hgn®v a‰p-≈h - sc ]qPn-°p-∂h - \pw ssZh-
tØmSv A\ysc ]¶p-tN¿°p-∂-h-\p-amb a\p-jy\pw apkvenw Xs∂-bm-
Wv. AsX, Ah\pw Ahs‚ {]Ir-Xn-b-\p-k-cn®v apkvenw Xs∂-bm-Wv.'
(C-kvemw-aXw t]Pv 3). bmsXm-cmfpw P∑\m apkven-am-Ip-∂n√ F∂v ]d-
™Xpw Cbmƒ Xs∂ Ft∂m¿°p-tºmƒ B›cyw tXm∂p-I-bm-Wv.
CØcw \nc-h[n hnUvVn-Ø-ßƒ Abmƒ ]d-™-Xmbn ImWmw.'' (C-
kvemapw auZqZn aZvl_pw t]Pv 65)
216
ChnsS bYm¿Y-Øn¬ hnUvVnØw ]nW-™Xv B¿°m-sW∂v

\msam- ∂ p ]cn- t im- [ n®p t\m°p- I . Ckv e mw F∂ ]Z- Ø ns‚
`mjm¿Yw A\p-k-c-W-sa-∂m-sW∂v hy‡-am-°n-b-tijw Cu A¿Y-
{]-Imcw {]]-©-Ønse kIe hkvXp-°fpw apkvenw-I-fm(-ssZ-hsØ
A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-h-cm)-sW∂v ka¿Yn-°p-I-bs{X auZqZn sNbvX-Xv.
ImcWw ssZhw \n›-bn® {]IrXn \nb-aØn¬\n∂v Ah-sbm∂pw
ISp-InS hyXn-N-en-°p-∂n-√. hyXn-N-en-°m≥ Ah°v Ign-bp-I-bp-an-
√. Cu Bi-b-Øns‚ BZyhpw Ah-km-\hpw {i≤n-°msX CS-
bv°p≈ `mKw am{Xw I≠v hmfq-cp-∂-Xnse hnUvVnØw hna¿i-
I≥ Hm¿°p-∂n-√. XpS-°-Øn\pw HSp-°-Øn\pw t\sc hna¿i-I≥ a\-
∏q¿hw IÆ-S® - X- m-sW-¶n¬ AXp-hgn At±lw hmb-\° - msc hnUvVn-I-
fm-°p-Ib - m-W.v ssZh-Øns‚ [m¿anI \nb-aß - f - \- p-kc- n-°p-tºmtg a\p-jy≥
kmt¶-Xn-Ia- mbn Ckvem-an¬ {]th-in-®h - \- m-Ip-∂p-≈q-sh∂v "Ckvemw aXw'
F∂ ]pkvXI - Ø- n¬ Xs∂ sXm´-Sp-Ømbn auZqZn A¿Y-i¶ - °
- n-Sa- n-√m-Ø-
hn[w hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. At±lw Fgp-Xp∂p:
""temI-Øp≈ kIe hkvXp-°fpw Hcp \nb-aØ - n\v hnt[-ba- mbn \mw
ImWp-∂p. kqcy≥, N{µ≥, \£-{X-ßƒ XpSßn F√mw-Xs∂ Hcp _en-
jvT\- n-ba- Ø
- n¬ _‘n-°s - ∏-ń-cn-°b - m-W.v B \nb-aØ - n-s\-Xn-cmbn AWp-
h-fhpw Nen-°p-hm≥ Ahbv°p km[y-a√ - ... BIm-iØ - nse henb henb
tKmf-ßƒ apX¬ `qan-bnse G‰hpw sNdnb AWp-h-sc-bp≈ k¿hhpw
GsXmcp i‡n-aØ - mb \nb-aØ - m¬ _‘n-°s - ∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-thm, B \nbaw
alm-\mb Hcp hn[n-I¿Øm-hn-\m¬ \n¿an-°s - ∏-´X - m-W.v kakvX temIhpw
AXnse kIe krjvSn-Pm-eß - fpw B hn[n-I¿Øm-hn-s\-bm-W\ - p-kc - n-°p-
∂-Xv. Imc-Ww, Ah≥ \n¿an® \nb-aß - ƒ°mWv Ah-sb√mw Iogvs]-ń-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. Cu ho£-W-tIm-Wn¬IqSn t\m°p-tºmƒ ka-kvX-tem-I-Øn-
s‚bpw aXw Ckvemw Xs∂-bm-W.v ImcWw ssZhsØ A\p-kc - n-°p-∂X - n-
\mWv Ckvemw F∂v ]d-bp-∂s - X∂p apºv {]kvXm-hn-®p-ht- √m.'' XpS¿∂mWv
hna¿i-I≥ D≤-cn® `mKw hcp-∂X - .v ]n∂oSv ASpØ Jfin-Ib - n¬ auZqZn
Fgp-Xp∂p:
""C\n as‰mcp hi-Øn-eqsS ho£n-°pI: a\p-jys‚ Hch-ÿ, Ah≥
CXc krjvSn-Pm-eß - s - f-t∏mse ssZhnI \nb-aß - f - m-Ip∂ _en-jvT] - m-i-
Øm¬ _‘n-°s - ∏-´h
- \pw AX-\p-kc - n-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X\ - p-am-sW-∂p-≈-
Xm-W-t√m. F∂m¬ Ah∂v as‰m-c-hÿ IqSn-bp-≠v. AXm-b-Xv, Ah≥
CXc krjvSn-Pm-eß - s - f-t∏m-se-b√ - . Ah∂p _p≤n-bp-≠v. Btem-Nn-°p-
hm\pw {Kln-°p-hm\pw A`n-{]mbw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-hm-\p-ap≈ i‡n-bp-≠v.
Ah≥ btYjvSw Hcp Imcyw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw as‰m∂v \nc-kn-°p-Ibpw
Hcp am¿Kw CjvS-s∏-Sp-Ibpw as‰m∂v shdp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. PohnX
CS-]m-Sp-If - n¬ Hcp ]≤Xn kzbw \n¿an-°p-Itbm a‰m-sc-¶nepw \n¿an-®h
ssIsIm-≈p-Itbm sNøp-∂p.
217
""Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬, a\pjy≥ temI-Ønse CXc hkvXp-°-sf-

t∏mse Hcp \n›nX \nb-a-Øn∂p hnt[-b-\m-°-s∏-ń-ń-√. adn®v Bi-
bw, A`n-{]m-bw, I¿aw F∂n-h-bn¬ Ah∂v sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-\p≈
kzmX{¥yw \¬I-s∏-ń-cn-°-bm-Wv.
""a\p-jy-Po-hn-XØ - n¬ Cu c≠-hÿ - I - fpw sht∆sd ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠.v
""apºv {]kvXm-hn-®-t]m-se, H∂m-asØ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Ah≥
temI-Ønse CXc krjvSn-Pm-e-ß-tfm-sSm∏w P∑\m "apkvenw' Bbn-
cn-°p-hm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-Wv.
""c≠m-asØ Ah-ÿ-bn-em-I-s´, apkven-am-Iepw BIm-Xn-cn-°epw
Ahs‚ A[n-Im-cØ - n-em-W.v CtX A[n-Im-cØ - ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n-emWv
a\p-jy≥ c≠v Xc-°m-cmbn hn`-Pn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂X - v.
""Hcp a\p-jy≥, Xs‚ {kjvSm-hns\ Xncn-®d - n-bp-Ibpw Ahs\ Xs‚
\mY\pw bP-am-\\ - p-ambn kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw Pohn-XØ - nse kzm[n-Im-ca- p≈
Imcy-ßf - n¬t]mepw bP-am-\≥ CjvSs - ∏-Sp∂ \nb-aß - f
- \
- p-kc
- n-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. Cu a\p-jy≥ ]q¿W-ap-kven-am-Wv....
""{]kvXpX a\p-jy-s\-Xn-cmbn as‰mcp a\p-jy≥ apkven-ambn P\n-°p-
Ibpw Adnhpw t_m[hpw IqSmsX Pohn-XØ - n¬ apkven-am-bn-Øs∂ ÿnXn
sNøp-∂p-sh-¶n-epw, _p≤nbpw ⁄m\-hp-am-Ip∂ Xs‚ Ign-hp-]t- bm-Kn®v
Ah≥ ssZhsØ Adn-™n-√. X\n-°-[n-Im-chpw kzmX-{¥y-hp-ap≈
]cn[nbn¬ ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°m≥ CjvS-s∏-ń-√. Ch≥ Im^n-dm-
Wv.''(Ckvemw aXw)
F{X kpµ-chpw kv]jvS-hp-am-bmWv ChnsS Imcy-ßƒ hy‡-am-°-
s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂X- .v Ckvemw F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ `mjm¿Y {]Imcw F√mw apkven-
am-sW∂p hcp-sa-¶nepw a\p-jy≥ Ckvemw Zo\n¬ {]th-in-°p-∂X - ,v AYhm
kmt¶-Xn-Ia- mbn Ah≥ apkven-am-Ip-∂Xv A√mlp \evInb Ckvemw Zo≥
t_m[-]q¿hw AwKo-Ic - n-°p-tºm-gm-W.v
(A√m-lp-hns‚ Zo\-√mØ as‰m-∂mtWm Ah¿ tXSn-t∏m-hp-∂X - .v hmkvX-

h-am-Is- ´, BIm-iß - f
- nepw `qan-bn-ep-ap≈ kI-eXpw kzmò-jSv {- ]-Im-ctam
\n¿_-‘n-Xa - mtbm Ah∂v am{Xw A\p-kc - n®v Iogvs∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-¶-
te-°s{X Ahsc aS-°n-s°m-≠p-hc - p-∂Xv)
ASn-hc - b
- n´ `mKw kq‡-Ønse "Akvea' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿Y-am-
Wv. "kea'bpsS I¿Ør-\m-ac - q-]a
- mWv apkvenw F∂-X.v At∏mƒ BIm-i-
ß-fnepw `qan-bn-ep-ap≈ kI-eXpw kzmò-jSv {- ]-Im-ctam \n¿_-‘n-Xa- mtbm
A√m-lp-hn\p am{Xw apkven-ambn Ign-™p-Iq-Sp-∂p-sh-∂mbn A¿Yw. AXm-
b-Xv, {]]-©Ø - n-ep≈ F√mw apkven-ams-W∂v Jp¿-B≥Xs∂ ]d-bp-∂p.
AXev]w hni-Zo-I-cn®p ]d-bpI am{X-amWv auZqZn sNbvX "sX‰v'. Cu
218
"sX‰v' auZq-Zn°v am{Xw ]nW™ "sX‰√'. alm-∑m-cmb ]e ]q¿hnI

]fin-X-∑m¿°pw CtX "sX‰v' ]nW-™n-´p≠v. Ah-cpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬
Cu "kakvX' ]fin-X-∑m¿ Pev]n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse CsXmcp sX‰√;
hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n-eqsS {]Im-in-X-amb al-Ømb ssZhnI hn⁄m-
\-am-Wv. Camw dmkn Fgp-Xp∂p:
(C-kvem-sa-∂m¬ A\p-k-cn-°p-I, Iogvs]-Sp-I, Xmgva ImWn-°pI

Fs∂-√m-amWv A¿Yw. CXv {Kln-®p-I-gn-™m¬ "BIm-i-˛-`q-an-I-fn-
ep-≈-sX√mw A√m-lp-hn\v Iogvs]-Sp∂p' F∂v ]d-™-Xn\v ]e \ymb-
ßƒ ImWmw. AXn¬ BZy-tØ-Xv-˛-A-Xm-sW-\n°p IqSp-X¬ kzoIm-
cy-ambn tXm∂p-∂-Xv˛ A√m-lp-h-√mØ F√mw D≠m-hm\pw D≠m-
hm-Xncn°m\pw km[y-X-bp-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p. D≠m-hm\pw D≠m-hm-Xn-cn-
°m\pw km[y-X-bp≈ GXpw Ah≥ [A-√m-lp ] D≠m-°p-tºmƒ
D≠m-hp-Ibpw Ah≥ \in-∏n°p-tºmƒ \in-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
At∏mƒ A√m-lp-h-√m-Ø-sX-√mw, AXns‚ Dä-bp-sSbpw C√m-bva-
bp-sSbpw c≠-h-ÿ-I-fnepw A√m-lp-hns‚ {]Xm-]-Øn\v Iogvs∏-´-
h-b-s{X. CXv Xs∂-bmWv Xmgva-bp-sSbpw hnt[-b-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw ]mc-
ay-X-bpw.)
Camw Xz_vcn Fgp-Xp∂p:
(A_p¬ Benb ]d™p: GsXmcp a\p-jy\pw A√m-lp-hmWv Xs‚

\mY≥ F∂pw Xm≥ Ahs‚ ASn-ab - m-sW∂pw kzbw kΩ-Xn-®h - \
- m-Wv.
At∏mƒ Bsc-¶nepw C_m-ZØ - n¬ ]¶p-tN¿°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ Ah≥ \n¿_-
‘n-X\
- mbn apkven-am-bh
- \
- m-W.v A√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp≈ ASn-aØ - Ø
- n¬ \njvI-
f-¶X ]pe¿Øp-∂h - ≥ kza-\ - mse apkven-am-bh- \
- pw.)
C_v\p Iko¿ Fgp-Xp∂p:
219
(kXy-hn-izmkn a\-p-sIm≠pw LS-\s - Im≠pw A√m-lp-hns\ A\p-kc - n-

°p-∂h- \- m-W.v kXy-\n-tj-[n-bm-Is´ \n¿_-‘n-X\- m-bmWv A√m-lp-hns\
A\p-kc - n-°p-∂Xv. Imc-Ww, FXn¿°mt\m XS-bmt\m ]‰mØ {]_-em-[n-
Im-cØ
- ns‚bpw i‡n-bp-sSbpw Iogn-emWv Ah-\p-≈X - v.)
auZqZn Hcp ]pXnb I≠p-]n-SpØw \S-Øp-Ib - √- , Jp¿-B≥ ]d-™Xpw
]q¿h-Ime ]fin-X-∑m¿ hymJym-\n-®Xpw Ime-Øns‚ `mj-bn¬
Aev]w hni-Z-ambn ]I¿Øp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. AXns‚ t]cn-emWv
hna¿iI ZrjvSn-bn¬ auZqZn hnUvVn-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. a\-n-em-ImØ
Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v an≠m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bmWv Aev]-⁄¿°p `qj-Ww.
Xßƒ°p a\-n-em-Im-Ø-sXms° ap≥]n≥ t\m°msX alm-_-≤-
ß-sf∂v sImń-tLm-jn-°m≥ ]pd-s∏-´m¬ hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n-s\bpw
Xßƒ BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw A\p-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ alm-∑m-scbpw
F√mw X≈n-∏-d-bpI F∂ A]-I-S-Øn-emWv sN∂p-ho-gp-I-sb-s∂-
¶nepw C°q-´¿ Hm¿°p-∂Xv \∂v.
220
Ccp]Øn \mev
]pXnb aXw
""Pam-AsØ Ckveman Ckvem-an¬\n∂v A\y-amb Hcp ]pXnb aX-amWv''˛
hna¿i-Is‚ as‰m-cm-t£-]a - m-WnXv. At±lw Fgp-Xp∂p:
""\ne-hn-ep≈ Zo\n-s\-°p-dn®v Xs∂ At±-lØ - ns‚ Pev]\w ImWpI:
"hna¿i\ \nco-£W - Ø - n-\p≈ tbmKyX ssIh-∂t- ijw Rm≥ BZy-ambn
sNbvXXv F\n°v A\-¥c - a- mbn e`n® B \n¿Poh aX-am-Ip∂ amesb
Fs‚ Igp-Øn¬\n∂pw s]mń-s®-dn-bp-Is - b-∂X - m-W.v C∂v apkvenw-If - n¬
ImW-s∏-Sp∂ AtX aX-Øn-∂mWv bYm¿Y Ckvem-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂s - X-¶n¬
C∂p Rm\pw \nco-iz-ch - m-Zn-If - nepw \n¿a-X° - m-cnepw Dƒs∏´p t]mIp-am-
bn-cp-∂p.' ({]-t_m-[\w 2˛1, knbm-kn-I-iva-Iiv 3˛15) aB-Z-√mlv! C∂p
ImWp∂ Ckvemw \nco-iz-c-Øn-se-Øn-°p-sa∂pw AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂
{]kvXpX Ckvemw s]mń-s®-dn™v ]pXnb aXw At±lw \n¿an-®p-sh-∂p-
am-Wt√m Cu ]d-™Xv! CXn-e∏ - pdw Zo\p¬ Ckvem-ans\ A]-lk - n-°p∂
hmN-Is - a-¥mWv? '' (P-am-AsØ Ckvem-an, ho£-Whpw hna¿i-\h - pw t]Pv
30)
kzm¿Y Xm¬]cy kwc-£Ww e£yw-sh®v kap-Zm-bØ - ns‚ \ne-hn-
ep≈ A[x-ÿn-Xm-hÿ \ne-\n∂p ImWm-\m-{K-ln-°p-∂h - ¿ auZq-Zn-bpsS
hmN-Iß - sf hf-s®m-Sn-®n-s√-¶nte A¤p-Xa- p-≈q. Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-ÿm\
\n¿tZ-iß - ƒ \nc-kn-°pI am{X-a√ - , ASn-ÿm-\m-Z¿i-ßsf ]pOn®p X≈n-
bm¬ t]mepw apkvenw IpSpw-_Ø - n¬ ]nd-∂m¬ aä-d™ alm-flm-°-
fpsS PmlvsIm≠v kz¿K-Øn¬ IS-∂p-]-‰m-sa-∂mWv Ah¿ km[m-c-W-
°msc ]d™p ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - v. kz¿K-Øn-te-°p≈ Ipdp-°p-
h-gn-Iƒ hnev°p-∂h - c
- psS IÆn¬ B Ipdp-°p-hg- n-If - psS ss]Xr-I® - ß
- e
s]mń-s®-dn-bp∂ auZq-Zn-sb-t∏m-ep-≈h - ¿ hgn-]n-g® - h
- c - m-bn-s√-¶nte B›-
cy-ap-≈p.
aX-hn-⁄m\w Xptemw sa®-s∏-´h - c- m-bn´p IqSn Ien-aØ - p-Øu-lo-Zns‚
hsc A¿Y-a-dn-™p-Iq-SmØ At\-I-cp≠v tIcf apkvenw-I-fn¬t]m-epw.
221
apkven-am-hm≥ AsXm∂pw Adn-bW - s - a-∂n-s√-∂m-Wt√m hna¿i-Ia - Xw!

CXv \ΩpsS C∂sØ Ah-ÿ. Zi-I-ßƒ°p apºv, auZqZn Cu
{]kwKw \S-Ønb ImeØv apkvenw-I-fpsS Ahÿ C∂-tØ-Xnepw
F{Xtbm Zb-\o-b-am-bn-cp-∂p-. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-sb-°p-dn®v "dkq-ep√'-
sb∂pw "apl-ΩZ- p-\_n'sb∂p-sams° ]d-bp-sa-∂p-t]mepw Adn-bm-Øh - ¿
\nc-h[ - n-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
"apØp-\_n'bpsS t]cn¬ t\¿∂ "bmko≥' dkq-ep-√m-bpsS t]cn¬
HmXnb sam√m-°sb Bt£-]n® Krl-\m-bn-Ib - psS IY \ΩpsS \mń¬
C∂pw Hcp h¿Ø-am-\a - m-Wt√m.
hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ t\m°n-tbm-Xm≥ t]mepw hi-ap-≈h - ¿ hfsc Zp¿e-
`-am-bn-cp∂ A°m-eß - f - n¬ sam√m-°a - msc hnfn®v Iqen°p JØw HmXn-
°p-Ib - mWv ]Xn-h.v A¿Yw {Kln-°p-∂Xpw AX-\p-kc - n®v {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-
Xp-sams° ]ns∂-bt√? CXv Jp¿-Bs‚ Imcyw. lZo-kns‚ Imcyw ]d-bm-
\p-an-√. Jp¿-B\pw lZokpw sXfn-hp-≤-cn®p tI´m¬ apJw ho¿∏n-°p-∂-
h¿ C∂pw \Ωp-sS-bn-S-bn¬ Ipd-s®m-∂p-a√ D≈-Xv. h√ tJmP-bp-sSbpw
"Juem'Wp≤-cn-°p-∂s - X-¶n¬ Ah¿°p G‰w Xr]vXn-bm-bn.
"`qan Imf-s°m-ºØ - m-W,v Imf sImºv am‰p-tºmƒ `qI-ºa - p-≠m-Ip∂p;
BIm-iØv Hcm-\b - p-≠v, AXns‚ Xpºn-bn-eq-sS-bmWv ag h¿jn-°p-∂Xv;
ae-°p-Iƒ Nm´-sIm≠v taLsØ sXfn-°p-∂p, AXv taL-Øn¬ ]Xn-°p-
tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ K¿P-\a - mWv CSn-\m-Zw.' CsXm-s°-bmWv "]fin-X∑ - m¿'
Ckvem-ans‚ t]cn¬ P\-ßsf ]Tn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Pn∂v, ]nim-Nv, knlv¿
F∂n-hs - b-°p-dn-®p-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p sI´p-IY - ƒ Ht´-sd.
CØcw sI´p-I-Y-I-fmWv aX-sa∂p [cn-®-h¿ B[p-\nI ùXnI
imkv{X-ßƒ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ kz¥w aXsØ hen-s®-dn-bp-Ib - √- msX as‰¥p
sNøm≥. AXn¬ hnkvab - n®v "aB-Z√m' ]d-™X - p-sIm≠v Hcp hnti-jh - p-
an-√. \nco-izc \n¿aX ]mf-bß - f- n¬ Ib-dn-∏‰ - n-bh - ¿ H´p-ap-°mepw A‘-
hn-izm-kß - f - n¬ s]‰p hf¿∂-hc - m-sW∂ kXyw \ntj-[n-°m≥ B¿°m-
hpw? CØcw \nco-izc {]ÿm-\ß - f - psS IS-∂m-{I-aWw sNdpØp tXmev]n-
°m≥ Jp¿-B≥-˛-l-Zo-kp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ bYm¿Y hnizm-k-
Ønt\ Ign-bq.
Ckvem-ans‚ kmaq-ly-˛k - mºØnI hyh-ÿI - ƒ ]mtS hnkvac - n®p If-
™p, D≈-h≥ A\p-`h - n-°p-Ibpw Bkz-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I, C√m-Øh - ≥
\c-In®v Ign-bp-I˛ A`n-i-]vX-amb Cusbmcp \ne-bmWv apkvenw-I-fn¬
I≠p-hc - p-∂X - .v hnip≤ Jp¿-B\pw Xncp-kp-∂Øpw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ ka-Xzhpw
kmtlm-Zc - yhpw hnkvac - n®v AK-Wy-ambn X≈n-bn-cp-∂p.
A‘-hn-izm-kß - fpw A\m-Nm-cß - f - p-amWv Ckvem-sa∂ t]cn¬ kaq-
l-Ønse Hcp \√ iX-am\w Bfp-Ifpw sIm≠p\S-∂n-cp-∂X - v. AXv Xe-
ap-dX
- e - a- p-db - mbn ssIam-dn-h∂ - p. CXmWv ]mc-ºcy aX-am-Ip∂ ame. Cu
ame-bmWv auZqZn s]mń-s®-dn-™X - v. A‘-hn-izm-kß - s - fbpw A\m-Nm-c-
222
ß-sfbpw Xmtem-en-°p-∂h - ¿°v ]t£, AXv a\-n-em-bn-s°m-≈W - s - a-∂n-

√. auZqZn Fgp-Xp∂p:
""Rm≥ hfsc sIm√-ßf - n-embn Ckvem-ans\ hna¿i-\c - q-]Ø
- nepw \nco-
£-W-K-th-jW cq]-Ønepw ]mcm-bWw sNbvXp. AXns‚ BZ¿i]c-
amb AkvXn-hm-cw, AXns‚ PohnX kn≤m-¥w, [m¿anI XXz-ßƒ, \mK-
cnI hyh-ÿ, AXns‚ kmwk¿Kn-Ihpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw cmjv{So-bh - p-amb
\nb-aß - ƒ, AXns‚ `c-Wc - oXn F∂p-th≠ AXns‚ Hmtcmtcm hi-ß-
sfbpw \ncq-]W - Z- r-jvSn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Npgn™p ]cn-tim-[n-®p. AtXm-sSm∏w
Xs∂ temI-Ønse a‰p kmaqly kn≤m-¥ß - s - fbpw \mK-cnI hyh-ÿI - -
sfbpw Rm≥ ]cn-tim-[n-®p. Ckvem-ap-ambn Ah Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øn-t\m-
°n. Cu ]mcm-bW - Ø - n-s‚bpw \nco-£W - K - t- h-jW - ß- f- p-sSbpw ê-ambn
a\p-jy\v bYm¿Y hnP-bhpw ku`m-Kyhpw h√ ]≤-Xn-bn-ep-ap-s≠-¶n¬
AXv Ckvem-an¬ am{X-am-sW∂v F\n°v ]q¿W-ambpw t_m[y-s∏-´p. Ckvem-
an-s\-Xn-cn¬ F√m ]≤-Xn-Ifpw A]q¿W-ßf - m-W.v as‰mcp ]≤-Xn-bp-sSbpw
[m¿an-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-ßƒ \yq\-X-bn-√m-ØtXm kpi-‡tam A√. a‰p
bmsXmcp {]ÿm-\Ø - nepw a\p-jys‚ hy‡nXz hf¿®°p ]q¿Wm-hk - c- -
an-√. a‰p bmsXmcp ]≤-Xn-bnepw a\pjy {]Ir-Xn-bpsS F√m hi-ßfpw
A\p-tbm-Py-amw-hÆw ]cn-KW - n-°s - ∏-ń-ń-√. a\p-jy\v bYm¿Y kzmX{¥yw
Bkz-Zn-∏n-°p-Ibpw al-Xz-Øns‚ AXyp-∂X ]Z-hn-bn-te°v Ahs\ B\-
bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp ]≤-Xnbpw Ckvem-a√ - msX temI-Øn-√. Hmtcm
hy‡n°pw Xs‚ Ignhpw tbmKy-Xb - p-a\- p-kc - n®v [m¿an-Ihpw Bflo-bhpw
ùXn-Ih - p-amb A`n-hr-≤n-bpsS A‰sØ ]Sn-hsc FØp-hm≥ km[n-°p-
∂Xpw AtXm-sSm-∏w-Xs∂ a‰p P\-ßƒ°pw AXp-t]m-ep≈ A`n-hr-≤n-
bn¬ klm-bn-bm-bn-Øo-cp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂X - p-amb Hcp kmaqly Np‰p-]mSv
krjvSn-°p-hm\pw Ckvem-an-∂√ - msX as‰mcp ]≤-Xn°pw km[y-a√ - ... Ckvem-
ans\ kw_-‘n-®p≈ Fs‚ Cu A`n-{]mbw Rms\mcp apkvenw-Kr-lØ - n¬
P\n-®X - p-sImt≠m Ckvem-ap-ambn P∑\m Hcp-Xc - Ø- n-ep≈ _‘-ap-≈X - p-
sImt≠m D≠m-bn-Øo¿∂n-´p-≈X - √ - .. Fs∂ kw_-‘n-®n-St- Ømfw F\n-
°p-d∏ - n®p ]d-bp-hm≥ km[n-°pw, Ckvem-ans\ GsXmcp cq]-Øn¬ Fs‚
Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈ apkvenw skmssk-‰n-bn¬ Rm≥ I≠pthm B Ckvem-an¬
F\n°p Xotc BI¿j-Wa- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂v. hna¿i\ \nco-£W - Ø - n-
\p≈ tbmKyX ssIh-∂-Xn-\p-tijw Rm\m-Zy-ambn sNbvXXv F\n°p
A\-¥-c-ambn e`n-®n-cp∂ B \n¿Poh aX-am-Ip∂ amesb Fs‚ Igp-
Øn¬\n∂v s]mń-s®-dn-bp-Is - b-∂X - m-W.v C∂v apkvenwIfn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂
AtX aX-Øn-\mWv bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Ckvem-sa∂v t]¿ ]d-bp-∂-sX-¶n¬
C∂v Rm\pw \nco-iz-ch - m-Zn-If - nepw \n¿a-X° - m-cnepw Dƒs∏-´p-t]m-Ip-am-bn-
cp-∂p.* F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ shdpw kmap-Zm-bnI \ne-\n¬]n-∂mbn ]q¿hn-
I-∑msc ]qPn-°p-Is - b∂ h´wNp‰-en¬ s]´p-In-S° - pI F∂ \mkn-kØ - n¬
223
F\n-s°m´pw hnizm-ka - n-√. F∂m¬ GsXm∂p \nco-iz-c˛- \ - n¿aX am¿K-ß-

fn-te°p t]mIp-∂-Xn¬\n∂p Fs∂ XS-™p-\n-dp-Øp-Ibpw ]pXp-Xmbn
ho≠pw apkven-am-°n-Øo¿°p-Ibpw sNbvXpthm AXv hnip≤ Jp¿-B-
s‚bpw \_n-Nc - y-bp-sSbpw ]mcm-bWw H∂p am{X-am-Wv. a\p-jy-Xz-Øns‚
km£m¬ \nebpw hnebpw Ah-sb-\n°p a\-n-em-°n-Ø∂ - p. kzmX-{¥y-
Øns‚ AXypXvIr-jSv a - mb hn`m-h\- sØ Ah-sb-\n°p ]cn-Nb - s- ∏-Sp-Øn-
Ø-∂p. temI-Ønse F{X henb en_-de - n-Ãn-s‚bpw hnπ-hI- m-cn-bp-sSbpw
hn`m-h\- bv°p t]mepw AhnsS FØpI km[y-a√ - . hy‡n-]c- a- mb kZm-
Nm-cØ- n-s‚bpw kmaq-ly-\o-Xn-bp-sSbpw Aaq-ey-amb Hcp Nn{XsØ Ah
Fs‚ apºn¬ ImWn-®p-X-∂p. AXnepw DØ-a-amb Hcp Nn{Xw F\n°p
ImWp-hm≥ Ign-™n-ń-√. Hc-Wp-hns‚ _‘w apX¬ tKmf-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈
BI¿jW \nbaw hsc apgp-h≥ {]]-©Ø - n-s‚bpw hyh-ÿb - n¬ ImW-
s∏-Sp∂ AtX ]cn-]q¿W \ne-bn-ep≈ _me≥kv hnip≤ Jp¿-B\pw \_n-
N-cybpw \n¿tZ-in-°p∂ PohnX ]≤-Xn-bnepw F\n°p ImWp-hm≥ km[n-
®p. BIm-i`- q-an-If - m-Ip∂ Cu {]]-©sØ kXy-Øn-s‚bpw \oXn-bp-sSbpw
ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ krjvSn® AtX k¿h-i-‡\pw k¿h-⁄\pw \oXn-
am\pw bp‡n-⁄\ - p-amb A√m-lp-Xs - ∂-bmWv Cu Ckvem-anI hyhÿ
\n¿an-®n-´p-≈s - X∂v CtX kwK-Xn-bmWv Fs∂-s°m≠v kΩ-Xn-∏n-®X - .v
""AXn-\m¬, bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Rms\mcp \h-ap-kven-am-Wv.* \√-t]mse
Npgn™p ]cn-tim-[n-®n-´mWv Rm\o ]≤-Xn-bn¬ hniz-kn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. a\p-
jys‚ \∑°pw hnP-bØ - n\pw CX-√msX as‰mcp am¿K-hp-an√ F∂v Fs‚
lrZ-bhpw akvXn-jvIhpw km£yw hln-°p-∂p-≠v.''({]-t_m-[\ - w, e°w
1, ]pkvXIw 2)
hna¿i-I≥ sXfn-hp-≤c - n® auZq-Zn-bpsS {]kw-KØ - ns‚ {]k‡ `mK-
amWv Cu D≤-cn-®X - .v auZqZn kmln_v s]mń-s®-dn-™Xv, Zo\ns‚ t]cn¬
kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ ASn-™p-Iq-Snb A⁄-X-bp-sSbpw A‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fp-
sSbpw A\m-Nm-cß - f - p-sSbpw Nß-eb - m-sW∂pw AXp-hgn At±lw Jp¿-
B\pw kp∂Øpw hnh-cn-®Xpw bYm¿Yhpw Ie¿∏-‰-Xp-amb ]cn-ip≤
Zo\ns\ ]pW-cp-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw CXp hmbn-°p∂ GsXmcp kmam-\y-
_p-≤n°pw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ AXns‚ t]cn¬ auZq-Znsb
Bt£-]n-°p∂ hna¿i-I≥ sNøp-∂t- Xm, Jp¿-B\ - nepw kp∂-Ønepw hc-
®p-Im-ńb Ckvem-am-Ip∂ at\m-lc lmcw Dt]-£n®p Zos\∂ t]cn¬
A⁄-Xb - p-sSbpw A‘-hn-izm-kß - f - p-sSbpw hrØn-sI´ Nße Igp-Øn-
e-Wn-bp-Ib - m-W.v
Jp¿-B\pw kp∂Øpw ]Tn-°m≥ Ah-kcw e`n-®t- ∏mƒ apºp-≠m-bn-
cp∂ sX‰mb [mc-WI - ƒ \oßp-Ibpw ]Icw ]pXp-abpw {]tbm-K£ - a - X
- -
bp-ap≈ bYm¿Y Zo≥ Iäp-ºn¬ sXfn-™p-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvsX∂pw
apkvenw-Iƒ Ckvem-an¬\n∂v hgp-Xn-t∏m-Im≥ ImcWw Xß-fpsS ]°-
224
ep≈ ssIhn-f° - n-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ Ah-cpsS t_m[-an-√m-bav b

- m-sW∂pw AXn-
\m¬ AXv sXfn-s®-SpØv Ahsc Ckvem-ans‚ bYm¿Y am¿K-Øn-te-°m-
\-bn-°p-Ib- mWv th≠-sX-∂p-amWv auZqZn ]d-™X - ns‚ Npcp-°w.
Cu Bibw Ah-KW - n®v AXn¬\n∂v Zp¿hym-Jym-\Ø - n\v ]gp-Xp≈
`mKw am{Xw AS¿Øn-sb-SpØv D≤-cn-°p-Ibpw F∂n´v CXn-e∏ - pdw Ckvem-
ans\ A]-lk - n-°m-s\-¥p-≈qsh-∂m-t{Im-in-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hna¿i-\-
km-a¿Yyw Akm-[m-cWw Xs∂!
hna¿i-Isc sNmSn-∏n® as‰m-∂p-≈-Xv, ""AXn-\m¬ bYm¿Y-Øn¬
Rms\mcp \h-ap-ke v n-am-W.v \√-t]mse Npgn™p ]cn-tim-[n-®n-´mWv Rm\o
]≤-Xn-bn¬ hniz-kn-®n-´p-≈Xv'' F∂p≈ auZq-Zn-bpsS {]kvXm-ha- m-W.v Cu
hcn-If- mWv Pam-AsØ Ckvem-ansb auZqZn D≠m-°nb "]pXnb aX'sa∂v
hsc hnfn-°m≥ Ah¿°p≈ Ah-ew_w.
A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw ssIsh-Sn™v Jp¿-B\pw
kp∂Øpw kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv "]pXnb aX' ap≠m-°e - m-sW-¶n¬ B "]pXnb
aXw' kzoI-cn-°p-∂X - p-sIm≠v am{Xta c£-bp-≈q-sh∂ Imcyw {]hm-NI - -
in-tcm-aWn DZvt_m-[n-∏n-®X - m-Wv.
Camw Km-en(d)(-a-cWw ln. 505 {In. 1112)-bpsS Xmsg {]kvXmhw
CXn-t\mSv tN¿Øv hmbn-°m-hp-∂X - mWv:
(bmYm¿Yyw Adn-bm-\p≈ Zmlw, tkzO-bm-tem kz¥w bp‡n-bmtem A√,

Pohn-XØ
- ns‚ \√ L´-Ønepw BZym-hk - c- Ø
- nepw Xs∂, krjvSn-∏nte
A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ \n∂p≈ {]Ir-Xnbpw kz`m-hhpw F∂ \ne-°p-Xs∂, Fs‚
coXnbpw k{º-Zm-b-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\ A\p-I-cWØns‚ -_‘w
F∂n¬ \n∂v Agn-™n-√m-Xmbn. ]mc-ºcy hnizm-k-ßƒ sI´-‰p-ho-Wp.
Ipń-ØØ- ns‚ Xo£vWX - t- bmSv ASp-Øn-cnt° Xs∂-bm-WX - .v IrkvXy≥
Ipń-Iƒ ss{IkvXh- X
- b
- nepw blq-ZI - p-ń-Iƒ PqXm-bn-kØ
- n-epw apkvenw
Ipń-Iƒ Ckvem-anepw am{X-ambn hf-cp-∂-XmWv Rm≥ I≠Xv. GXp
225
Ipńbpw Htc {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ P\n-°p-∂p. ]ns∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°-fmWv

Ahs\ blq-Zt\m {InkvXym-\ntbm A·n-bm-cm-[-It\m B°p-∂Xv
F∂v \_n(-k)-bn¬\n-∂p-≤-cn-®p-h∂ lZokv Rm≥ tIń-´p-≠v.
Aßs\ ASn-ÿm\ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS bmYm¿Yyhpw amXm-]n-Xm-°-
sfbpw Kpcp-`q-X-∑m-scbpw A\p-I-cn-°p-I-bm¬ h∂p-tN¿∂ hnizm-
k-ß-fn-e-Sßnb hkvXp-Xbpw Adn-bm\pw Cu ]mc-º-cy-ßsf hnth-
Nn-®-dn-bm\pw Fs‚ A¥-cwKw shºn)
]mc-ºcyw ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-Xtam A\n-kvem-an-Itam Abp-‡n-
Itam Bhp-tºmƒ hen-s®-dn-bp-Ibpw ]Icw Ckvem-an-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-
Øn-ep≈h kzoI-cn-°p-IbpamWv icn F∂s{X Camw Km-en-bpsS
D]-cyp‡ {]kvXmhw hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. auZqZn sNbvXXpw as‰m-∂-
√.
226
Ccp-]-Ø©v
A`n-\h Jhm-cn-Pp-Iƒ
""Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-°m¿ A`n-\h Jhm-cn-Pp-I-fm-Wv. "em lpIva
C√m en√mln'˛ "A√m-lp-hn-∂-√msX B[n-]-Xy-an√'˛ F∂ Jhm-cn-
Pp-I-fpsS AtX hmZ-amWv Chcpw D∂-bn-°p-∂-Xv. Jhm-cn-Pp-I-sf-
°p-dn®v lZo-kp-I-fn¬ h∂ a‰v KpW-ßfpw Ch¿°p-≠v. Zo¿L-t\cw
\a-kvI-cn-°p-I, Jp¿-Bt\mXpI apX-em-b-h-bm-W-h.'' {]kw-K-th-Zn-
I-fn¬\n∂v ]e-t∏m-gmbn Db¿∂p tIƒ°m-dp≈ Hcm-tcm-]-W-am-Wn-
Xv.
A√m-lp-hn\v am{X-amWv krjvSn-If - psS ta¬ A[o-im-[n-Im-cs - a∂pw
a\p-jy-Po-hn-XØ
- n-\m-hi- y-amb hn[n-hn-e°- p-Iƒ \n¿tZ-in-°m≥ A√m-lp-
hn\v am{Xta A[n-Im-ca- p-≈qsh-∂p-ap≈ hmZw Jhm-cn-Pp-If - p-tS-Xm-sW-∂mWv
Btcm]-WØ - ns‚ a¿aw. ]ns∂ \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ \a-kI v m-chpw Jp¿-B≥
]mcm-b-W-hpw, AXpw Jhm-cn-Pp-IfpsS e£-Ww-Xs∂!
\nb-a-\n¿am-Wm-[n-Imcw B¿°v?
a\p-jy\v Xs‚ Pohn-XØ
- n¬ Fs¥ms° sNømw, sNbvXp-Iq-Sm. Cu
Imcy-ßƒ \n›-bn-°m≥ Ahs‚ {kjvSm-hmb ssZh-Ønt\ A[n-Im-ca - p-
≈q. A√mlp \¬Inb \nb-aØ - n-s\mØv Pohn-°p-Ib
- s{X a\p-jys‚ IS-
a˛ CXmWv "lpIvav' A√m-lp-hn\v am{X-amsW∂v ]d-bp-∂X- ns‚ A¿Yw.
Jp¿-B\ - nepw kp∂-Ønepw hniz-kn-°p-∂h - ¿°m¿°pw CXn¬ kwi-bn-
°m≥ \n¿hm-la - n-√.
"PwD¬ Phm-anC'¬ ]d-bp∂p:
(\nbaw _m[-Ia- mb a\p-jys‚ I¿a-hp-ambn, \nb-aw _

- m-[I
- a- m-bh
- ≥ F∂
\ne°v, _‘-s∏-Sp∂ A√m-lp-hns‚ `mj-Wa - mWv \nb-aw. AXp-sIm-≠p-
227
Xs∂ A√m-lp-hn-\√ - msX imk-\m-[n-Im-ca - n-√.)

PwD¬ Phm-an-Av am{X-a√ Dkq-en-˛-\n-Zm-\-im-kv{X-Øn-˛s‚ apgp-h≥
{KŸ-ßfpw A`n-{]m-bm-¥c - a- n-√msX AwKo-Ic - n® C°mcyw Jhm-cnPn hmZ-
am-Wp-t]m¬!
Jp¿-B≥ 6: 57˛-epw, 12: 40˛epw 12: 67˛epw (A√m-lp-hn-
\-√msX lpIvan√) F∂p {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≠.v Camw iuIm\n AXv Cßs\
hni-Zo-Ic
- n-°p∂p:
(GXp Imcy-Øn-em-bmepw "lpIvav-'˛-\n-b-a-hn-[n˛ A√m-lp-hn-∂-√msX

a‰m¿°p-an-√. \nßƒ AXn-thKw thW-sa-∂m-hi - y-s∏-Sp∂ in£, \n¿tZ-
in-°p∂ ZrjvSm-¥-ßƒ F∂n-hbpw Ah≥ am{Xw \nb-an-t°≠ Imcy-
ßfn¬ s]Sp∂p. icnbpw sX‰pw \n¿W-bn-°p∂ hn[n-bmWv Dt±-iyw.)
C_v\p-Ik - o¿ Fgp-Xp∂p:
(XpS¿∂v \nb-a\ - n¿am-Whpw ssIIm-cy-I¿Ør-Xzhpw Xocp-am-\hpw A[n-

Im-ch
- p-sa√mw A√m-lp-hn\v am{X-am-sW∂v At±lw [bq-kp-^]v Ah-tcmSv
]d-™p. X\n-°-√msX a‰m¿°pw Ah¿ C_m-ZØv sNbvXp-Iq-sS∂v
A√mlp Ahs‚ Zmk-∑m-tcmSv Iev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p-ht- √m.)
^nJvlv {KŸ-ß-fn¬ a\p-jys‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ lem¬(-A-\p-h-Z-
\o-bw), ldmw(-\n-jn-≤w), ^¿Zv (\n¿_-‘w), kp∂-Øv(-sF-—n-Iw), Idm-
lØv (sh-dp-°s - ∏-tS-≠X - )v F∂n-ßs\ A©mbn Xcw-Xn-cn-®X - mbn ImWmw.
A√m-lp-hns‚ \nb-a-Øn¬ hnh-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw Cu A©p Imcy-ßƒ
Xs∂-bm-Wv. Ahbv°v hncp-≤-ambn Fs¥-¶nepw \nbaw \n¿an-°m≥
B¿°pw A[n-Im-ctam Ah-Im-itam C√. CXp-X-s∂-bmWv D]-cyp‡
hmIy-Øns‚ Bi-bh - pw.
apkvenw ]fin-X∑ - m¿°n-Sb- n¬ X¿°-an-√mØ C°mcyw ]t£, B[p-
\nI apkvenw kaqlw ]mtS hnkvac - n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXv Ahsc A\p-ka v c- n-
∏n-°m-\p≈ {ia-Øn-emWv Pam-AsØ Ckveman G¿s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
F∂m¬ C°m-cy-Øn¬ Pam-AØ - n-t\mSv kl-Ic- n-°p-Ibpw AXns\ klm-
bn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠h - ¿ Xs∂ Ahsc A`n-\h Jhm-cn-Pp-If - mbn ap{Z-b-
Sn-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂Xv F{X henb Bfl-h© - \- b
- √! Pam-AØ - n\p t\sc
Xß-fp-∂b - n-°p∂ Bt£]w Xß-fp-sS-Xs∂ Cam-ap-Iƒ°pw _m[-Ia - m-
228
hp-sa∂p t]mepw C°q-´¿ Hm¿°p-∂n-√.

Zo¿L-t\-csØ \a-kvIm-chpw Jp¿-B-≥ ]mcm-b-
Whpw
Zo¿L-t\cw \n∂v \a-kvIc - n-°p-∂X - m-Wt√m Pam-AØ - p-Im¿ ]ng-®h
- -
cm-sW-∂X- n-\p≈ as‰mcp sXfnhv! Zo\p¬ Ckvem-ans\ c£n-°p-hm≥ th≠n
kwL-Sn-®h - ¿ F∂-hI - m-is
- ∏-Sp-∂h - c
- m-Wn-∏d- b
- p-∂s
- X-∂p-≈Xv F¥p-am{Xw
e÷m-hl - a- m-W.v
Zo¿L-t\cw Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw sNbvXp-sIm≠v \a-kvI-cn-°pI
\_n(-k)-bpsS al-Ømb Hcp amXr-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂d
- n-bmØ ]fin-X-
∑m-cpt≠m?
\_n(-k)-bpsS \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ Nne amXr-I-I-fnXm: A_q kCu-
Zn¬ JpZvcn(-d) ]d-bp∂p:
(fplvdnepw Akvdnepw A√m-lp-hns‚ dkq¬ F{X \n¬°p-∂p-s≠∂v

Rßƒ IW-°m-°n-bn-cp-∂p. fplvdns‚ BZysØ c≠v dIvA - Ø
- n¬ "Aen-
^vemaow X≥ko-ep-P- Z' HmXm≥ th≠ ka-bhpw Ah-km-\sØ c≠v d-
Iv-A-Øn¬ AXns‚ ]IpXn ka-bhpw \n∂-Xmbn Rßƒ IW-°m-°n.
Akvdns‚ BZysØ c≠p dIvA - Ø
- n¬ fplvdns‚ Ah-km\ dIvA
- Ø
- p-
I-fn¬ \n∂ A{Xbpw ka-bhpw Akvdns‚ Ah-km-\-sØ c≠p dIv-A-
Øn¬ AXns‚ ]Ip-Xnbpw \n∂-Xmbpw Rßƒ IW-°m-°n.)
Pm_n-dp_v\p kapd D≤-cn-°p∂p:
(\_n(-k) fplvdn¬ "hss√en CZm -bKvim' F∂ kqd HmXm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-

∂p.)
DΩp¬ ^Zv¬ ]d-bp∂p:
(\_n(-k) aKvcn_v \a-kI v m-cØ

- n¬ "h¬ap¿k-emØn D¿^≥' F∂p XpS-
ßp∂ kqd HmXp-∂Xv Rm≥ tI´p.)
_dm-Av(- d- ) ]d-bp∂p:
229
(\_n(-k) Cim \a-kI v m-cØ

- n¬ "hØo-\n-hs- s-Øq\n' F∂ kqd HmXp-
∂Xv Rm≥ tI´p. \_n(-k)-tb-°mƒ i_vZk - u-µc- y-ap≈ Hcm-sfbpw Rm≥
tIń-ń-√.)
kµ¿`hpw kml-N-cy-hp-a-\p-k-cn®v \_n(-k) \ońbpw Npcp-°nbpw
\a-kvI-cn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Cu l-Zo-kp-Iƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. AtX-
k-abw [rXn-]n-Sn-®p≈ \a-kvIm-csØ Ahn-S∂v Bt£-]n-®-Xmbpw
lZo-kp-I-fn¬ ImWmw. A_vZp¿d-lvam\n_v\p in_v¬ ]d-bp∂p:
(Im°-s°m-Øv˛- [
- r-Xn-]n-Sn-®p≈ \a-kvIm-cw˛ \_n(-k) \ntcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-
∂p.)
\pA-vam-\p_v\p ap¿d ]d™p:
(\_n(-k) ]d™p: \a-kvImcw I°p∂-h-\mWv henb I≈≥. Ah¿

tNmZn®p: ssZh-Zq-Xt- c, Fß-s\-bmWv \a-kI v mcw I°pI? Ahn-S∂
- c
- pfn:
Ah≥ dpIq-Dw k - p-PqZpw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-Ib - n-√.)
{]hm-NI Ncy ]n¥p-Sc - p-∂Xv "Jmcn-Pn-øØpw' Ahn-S∂v Bt£-]n®
hn[w \a-kIv c
- n-°p-∂Xv kp∂-Øp-am-sW-∂mtWm hna¿i-I¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv?
C\n Jp¿-B≥ ]mc-bW - Ø - ns‚ Imcy-sa-Sp-°mw.
Dkvam≥ ]d-bp∂p:
(A√m-lp-hns‚ ZqX¿ ]d™p: Jp¿-B≥ ]Tn-°p-Ibpw ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂h
- c
- s{X \nß-fn-te‰w DØ-a∑
- m¿.)
BCi(-d) ]d™p:
(dkq¬(-k) ]d™p: Jp¿-B\ - n¬ ss\]pWyw t\Sn-bh - ¿ hnip-≤cpw am\y-

∑m-cp-amb ZqX-∑m-tcm[a-e°
- p-Iƒ]sSm∏-am-Wv. hnj-an®v X∏n-ØS- ™v Jp¿-
B≥ HmXp-∂h - ¿°p-ap≠v c≠v {]Xn-ê - w.)
CXmWv \_n(-k)-bpsS kp∂-sØ-¶n¬ Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw sNøp∂
Pam-A-Øp-Im-cmtWm, AX√ Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw sNøp-∂-Xns\ hgn-
230
tI-Sns‚ e£-W-ambn FÆp-∂-h-cmtWm bYm¿Y kp∂Øp Pam-

A-sØ∂v hmb-\-°m¿ Xocp-am-\n-°p-I.
BcmWv Jhm-cnPv?
Jhm-cn-P˛v ldq-dn-Iƒ F∂p-IqSn Ah¿°p t]cp-≠˛v hn`m-KsØ kqNn-
∏n-°p-∂s
- X∂v ]d-bp∂ lZokv Cßs\ hmbn°mw:
(A_q-k-Cu-Zn¬ JpZvcn(-d) ]d-™p: Aen(-d), ba-\n¬\n∂v ip≤o-

I-cn-®n-ń-√mØ Aev]w kz¿Ww aZo-\-bn¬ \_n(-k)-bpsS ASp-tØ-
°-b-®p. Ahn-S∂v AXv l≥fe hwi-P-\mb AJvd-D-_v\p-lm-_n-kv,
^nkm¿ hwi-P-\mb Dssb-\-Øp-_v\p-_-Zv¿, Ban¿ hwi-P-\mb
A¬J-a-Øp_v\p A√m-Y, Xøn-Av hwi-P-\mb sskZp¬ ssJ¿
F∂o \mep t]¿°pw Inem-_v, \_vlm≥ hwi-P-cmb Hmtcm t]¿°p-
ambn hoXn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp.
A_q-k-Cu-Zn¬ JpZvcn(-d) ]d-bp∂p: CXp-I≠v Jpssd-io-hw-i-P¿
tIm]m-Ip-e-cm-bn. Ah¿ tNmZn®p: ""Rßsf Xg™v \PvZnse {]amWn-
Iƒ°v \evIpItbm?''
A-t∏mƒ \_n(-k) ]d™p: ""Ahsc CW-°m-\p-t±-in-®mWv Rm≥
Aßs\ sNbvXX - .v ''
At∂cw XmSn ap‰nb, Ihnƒ XpSp-Ø, IÆp Ipgn-™, s\‰n-bp-¥n-b,
Xe apfi\w sNbvX Hcmƒ aptºm-´p-h∂p ]d™p: ""apl-ΩZv, A√m-lp-
hns\ kq£n-°p-I.''
A_q-kC - u-Zn¬ JpZvcn(-d) ]d-bp∂p: AXp-tI´v \_n(-k) C{X-am{Xw
231
{]Xn-I-cn®p: ""Rm≥ Ahs\ [n°-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂m-sW-¶n¬ ]ns∂

Bcmhpw A√m-lp-hns\ kq£n-°pI! `qhm-kn-I-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬
Ah≥ Fs∂ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. \nßtfm hniz-kn-°p-∂p-an√!''
A_q-kC - u-Zn¬ JpZvcn(-d) ]d-bp∂p: Abmƒ ]n≥hm-ßn. Iq´-Øn¬
Hcmƒ Abmsf sIm√m≥ A\p-hmZw tNmZn-®p-˛A - Xv Jmen-Zp-_v\p¬ heo-
Zm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv Bfp-Iƒ A`n-{]m-bs - ∏-Sp-∂X- v˛ At∏mƒ dkq¬(-k)
]d™p: ""Cbm-fpsS _oP-Øn¬\n∂v Hcp-hn-`mKw hcm-\n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah¿
Jp¿-B≥ HmXpw; F∂mtem AX-h-cpsS sXm≠bv°∏pdw IS-°p-I-
bn- √ . Ah¿ Ckv e m- a ns‚ Bfp- I sf sIm√pw. hn{K- l - ] q- P - I sc
shdpsX hnSpw. hn√n¬\n∂v Asº-∂-t]mse Ah¿ Ckvem-an¬\n∂v
]pd- Ø p- t ]m- I pw. Ahsc ssIbn¬ In´p- a m- b n- c p- s ∂- ¶ n¬ BZv
hwisØ F∂-t]mse Rm≥ Ahsc \in-∏n-t®-s\.)
Hcp \nth- Z - \ - Ø n¬ (Ah- c psS AS- b mfw Xe- a p-
fi\w sNø-em-Wv) F∂p-ap-≠v. as‰mcp \nth-Z-\-Øn¬ Cßs\
ImWmw:
(Ah-cpsS \a-kI v m-chpw t\mºpw I≠m¬ kz¥w \a-kI v m-chpw t\mºpsa-

√mw \nßƒ°p AXoh \nm-c-ambn tXm∂pw. Ah-cpsS AS-bmfw Hcp
Idp-º-\m-Wv. Abm-fpsS ssIh-Æ-I-fn-sem∂v kv{XobpsS kvX\w-t]m-
setbm amwk-]nfiw t]msetbm Ccn-°pw. AXp XpSn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw.
P\-ßƒ°n-Sbv°v `n∂X Xe-s]m-°p-tºm-gmhpw Ah¿ cwK-{]-thiw sNøp-
I.)
lZo-kn¬ hnh-cn-®X - p-t]m-ep≈ e£-Ws - amØ Hcp hn`mKw Ipg-∏° - m-
cmbn cwK-Øp-h-cn-Ibpw [mcmfw apkvenwIsf Adp-sIme \S-Øp-Ibpw
sNbvXn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu hn`mKw Ckvem-anI Ncn-{X-Øn¬ "Jhm-cnPv'
F∂ t]cn-emWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. apkvenw kaq-l-Øns‚ GI-I-WvT-
amb Xocp-am-\Ø- n-s\-Xn-cn¬ Iem-]Ø - n-s\m-cp-ßn-bX
- p-sIm-≠mWv Ah¿°v
Cu t]cp-In-ń-bX- v. ldq-cn-Iƒ˛l-dq-cnø F∂ as‰mcp t]cp-IqSn Ah¿°p-
s≠∂v apºv kqNn-∏n-®p-ht- √m˛ Cdm-Jnse "ldq-dm-A'v F∂ ÿeØv ktΩ-
fn®v kXy-Øns‚ Bfp-Iƒs°-Xn-cn¬ bp≤w sNøm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®X - mWv
Cu t]cn\v Imc-Ww. Aen(-d) Cu hn`m-K-hp-ambn bp≤w sNbvX-Xmbpw
lZo-kp-If - n¬ hnh-cn® hnti-jW - ß
- t- fmSp IqSnb Hcmsf Iq´-Øn¬ ]nSn-
In-ń-bX
- mbpw lZo-kn¬ ImWmw. A_q-kC - u-Zn¬ JpZvcn(d) XpS-cp∂p:
232
(Rm≥ kXywsNbvXp ]d-bp∂p: CXp Rm≥ A√m-lp-hns‚ ZqX-cn¬\n∂v

t\cn´p tI´-Xm-Wv. Rm≥ kXyw sNbvXp ]d-bp∂p: Aen-øp_v\p A_o-
Xzm-en_v Ah-tcmSv bp≤w sNøp-Ibpw B a\p-jys\ I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥
Iev]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Rm\pw At±-lt- Øm-sSm-∏a - p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
Aßs\ Ahs\ At\z-jn-®p-Is - ≠-Øp-Ibpw ]nSn-Iq-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-Ib - p-
≠mbn. dkq¬(-k) hnh-cn® hnti-j-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Abmsf Rm≥
t\m°n-\n-∂p.)
\a-kvIm-cw, t\mºv, Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw F∂nh \√-t]mse
\n¿h-ln-°p-sa-¶nepw AsXm∂pw Ah-cpsS sXm≠-bv°-∏pdw IS-°p-
I-bn-s√-∂mWv lZo-kn¬ ]d™ c≠m-asØ e£-Ww. Jp¿-B\pw
kp∂-Øp-a-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-sa-∂-√, adn®v Ah-bpsS h‡m-°-fmbn
Na-bp-sa-¶nepw Pohn-X-Øn¬ Ahbv°p bmsXmcp hn[ kzm[o-\-hp-
ap-≠m-hp-I-bn-s√-∂mWv "sXm≠-hn´v IS-°p-I-bn√' F∂p ]d-™-
Xns‚ kmcw.
as‰mcp e£-Wa - p-≈Xv "Xe-ap-fi\w sNøpI'bmWv. lZo-knse Cu
]cm-a¿iw am{X-sa-SpØv C°m-eØv Xe apfi\w sNøp-∂h - ¿ Jhm-cn-Pp-
I-fm-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv F{X-ta¬ Ahn-th-Ia - m-bn-cn-°ptam AXn-t\-°mƒ
Ahn-th-Ia - mWv, "Jp¿-B\pw kp∂-Øp-a\ - p-kc- n®p thWw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-
Ønse apgp-h≥ {]iv\ß - fpw ssIbm-fm≥ F∂v ]d-bp-∂X - pw, \a-kI v mcw,
t\mºv XpS-ßn-bp≈ Bcm-[\ - I - ƒ `wKn-bmbn \n¿h-ln-°p-∂X - p-sams°
Jhm-cn-Pp-If - psS e£-Wa - m-sW'∂v ]d-bp-∂X - pw. Ckvem-an¬ \n∂-I∂ - p-
am-dp∂ temIsØ Ckvem-an-te°v £Wn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv apkvenw-I-fpsS
_m[y-Xb - mWv. Cu _m[yX \n¿h-ln-°p-Ib - mWv Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-
sNøp-∂Xv. Jhm-cn-Pp-Is - f-t∏mse `qcn-]£w apkvenw-Isf t]mIs´ GsX-
¶nepw \yq\-]£ apkvenw hn`m-Ks - Ø-t∏mepw Pam-AsØ Ckveman Im^n-
dm-°n-bn-ń-√. Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bS- ° - a- p≈ ]e kwL-S\ - I- s - fbpw Im^n-
dm°n Jhm-cn-Pp-Isf A\p-ka v c- n-∏n-°p-∂Xv Cu hna¿i-Ic - m-W.v Pam-AsØ
Ckveman apkvenw kap-Zm-bt- ØmSp bp≤w {]Jym-]n-®n-´p-an-√. Pam-AsØ
Ckvem-an-sb-t∏m-ep≈ ]e kwL-S\-Is - fbpw ]e-t∏mgpw X√m\pw sIm√m-
\pw Blzm\w sNbvXn-´p-≈Xpw Cu hna¿i-I¿ Xs∂-bm-Wv. Pam-AsØ
Ckvem-an-sb-t∏m-se, CJm-aØ - p-±o≥ e£y-ambpw Ckvem-anI {]t_m-[\w
ZuXyambpw Gs‰-SpØ hn`m-Kß - sf Jp¿-B\pw kp∂Øpw t{]m’m-ln-
∏n-°p-Ib - mWv sNbvXn-´p-≈Xv.
233
(\n-lm-b¿°p `mhp-I-ßƒ! F\n-°p-tijw P\-ßƒ hnI-e-am-°nb

Fs‚ Ncy \∂m-°n-∏-Wn-bp-∂-h-cs{X Ah¿!) F∂ {]hm-N-I-hmIyw
AXmWv Ipdn-°p-∂-Xv.
Jp¿-B\pw kp∂Øpw apkvenw-Isf ]Tn-∏n® BZ¿i-˛-e-£y-ßƒ
am{Xta Pam-AsØ Ckveman kz¥w BZ¿i-˛e - £
- y-ßf - mbn kzoI-cn-®n-
´p≈q. ]q¿h-kq-cn-Iƒ \¬In-bn-ń-√mØ bmsXm-cp-hn[ ]pØ≥ hymJym-
\hpw Pam-AsØ Ckveman Jp¿-B\ - n\pw kp∂-Øn\pw \evIn-bn-ń-√.
kwi-ba - n-√m-Øh- n[w Jp¿-B\- nepw kp∂-Ønepw h∂ \n¿tZ-iß - ƒ
A∏Sn Pohn-XØ - n¬ ]I¿Ø-Ws - a∂pw A\m-Nm-cß - fpw A‘-hn-izm-k-
ßfpw Ip^vdpw in¿°p-sa√mw Dt]-£n-°W - s - a∂pw hmZn-°p-∂h - ¿ a¿Zn-
Xcpw \n-lm-b-cp-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v apI-fn-ep-≤-cn® \_n-hmIyw kqNn-∏n-
°p-∂p-≠t- √m. AXp-sIm≠v bmYm-ÿn-XnI hn`m-Kß - fpw Ccp-ńs‚ Iq´m-
fnIfpw Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an°p t\sc a¿Z-\] - o-U\ - ß- fpw Bt£] iIm-
c-ßfpw Agn-®p-hn-Sp-∂X - n¬ A¤p-Xs - ∏-tS-≠X - n-√. Ckvem-anI {]ÿm-\-
Øns‚ ]oUn-Xm-hÿ - bpw {]Xn-tbm-Kn-If- psS Bt£-]i - I
- m-cß
- fpw I≠v,
bmYm¿Yy-ad- n-bm≥ kuI-cy-an-√msX km[m-cW - ° - m¿ h©n-Xc - m-bn-t∏m-Im-
Xn-cn-°m≥ th≠n-bmWv Cu ]pkvXIw Xøm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv. ka-
kvX-°m¿ Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-s°-Xnsc CXx-]-cy¥w D∂-bn-®p-t]m-
∂n-´p≈ GXm-\pw Btcm-]-W-ßƒ°v CXn¬ khn-kvXcw adp-]Sn
]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. ap≥[m-c-W-I-fn-√msX, kXym-t\z-jW Xm¬]-cy-
tØmsS Cu ]pkvXIw hmbn-°p∂h¿°v, IXncpw ]Xncpw kXyhpw
anYybpw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bp-sa-∂mWv Cu {KŸ-Im-cs‚ Bibpw
{]Xo-£bpw. k¿h-⁄-\mb A√mlp Fs‚bpw \nß-fp-sSbpw sX‰p
Ip‰-ßƒ s]mdp-°p-Ibpw \ΩpsS lrZ-b-ßƒ A⁄-Xbpw sX‰n-
≤m-c-W-bp-a-I‰n hnip≤ hn⁄m-\-ß-fm¬ {]Im-in-X-am-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-am-dm-I-s´.

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Pam-AsØ Ckvemanbpw

Ckvem-anIv ]ªn-jnwKv lukv

auZqZn kmln-_ns‚ k¿´n-^n-°-‰p-Iƒ 234

sNøp∂ ssZh-\n¿Zn-jvShpw A\p-Kr-lo-Xh

1915 hsc Hudw-Km-_m-Zn¬ Ign™ At±lw ]n∂oSv sslZ-cm-

hm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Ad_n `mjbpw ^nJvlv, lZokv F∂n-hbpw

en¬ Xs∂ Xma-k-am-°nb Ime-Øpw, 1924-˛28 ImeØv PwC-ø-Øp¬

C¥ysb tamNn-∏n-°m-\p≈ AXy-[n-I-amb A`n-hmRvO auZq-Zn-bpsS

Øn-s‚bpw Bthiw Pzen-∏n-°m\pXIpw-hn[w Xøm¿ sNbvX teJ-

\p-cq-]-am-bmWv ]n∂oSv Ahn-SsØ ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]p\x-t{Im-Uo-I-cn-

h[-in-£°p hn[n-®p. temI-sØ-ßp-ap≈ ]ﬁnX {][m-\n-Iƒ,

auZq-Zn-bpsS t]cp-t]mepw ChnsS hna¿in-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. "A_p¬

Xs∂-bm-W-h-ÿ. aZvl_p-Iƒ cq]w-sIm-≠Xpw Ahbv°v tImSn-

sslkvIq-fn¬\n∂pw At±lw ]Tn®p. sa{SnIv ]co-£-bn¬ BZyw

A-A-vem, t]Pv 25, 26)

At±lw ]mT- s a- S p- Ø n- c p- ∂ - X v . ssiXyw Ak- l y- a mb Ime- Ø p-

I-\mbn Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp D¬]-XnjvWp aue-hn-bpsS "A\p-`h

(Xs‚ hnh-c-W-Øn-eqsS Camw auZq-Zn-bpsS am\yX sISp-Ømt\m

ImWpI. auZqZn ]d-™p-hs{X: ""F\n°p De-am-Cs‚ Iq´-Øn¬

hna¿i-I≥ D≤-cn® {]t_m-[-\-Ønse, "Ct∏mƒ Jp¿-B-\nse

\)-bpsS Poh-\m-Un-bm-bn-cp∂ XmPp-±o≥ kmln-_m-bn-cp∂p Cu ]{X-

auem-\m apl-Ω-Z-en-bpsS {]kwKw \S-°pI ]Xn-hm-Wv. Bbn-c-°-

sIme-bm-fn-I-fp-am°n am‰p-∂p-sh-∂-Xm-Wv. ]m›m-Xy-cpsS ]uc-kvXy-

c-W-Øn\v auZq-Znsb t{]cn-∏n-®-sX∂ as‰m-cm-tcm-]Ww IqSn hna¿i-

(Fgp-Xm\pw Bhn-jvI-cn-°m-\p-ap≈ Ignhv {]IrXn F\n°v \¬In-

F∂- X nse "Xlv c oIv ' I≠v hna¿i- I ≥ sX‰n- ≤ - c n®Xmhmw.

]n¬°m-esØ ^Xlv]q-cnbpw XΩn¬ hf-sc-tbsd A¥-c-ap-≠m-

Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bpsS BZ¿iw

KWn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw bmsXm-cm-fp-sSbpw am\-kn-Im-Sn-a-Ø-Øn¬

Pam-A-Øns‚ hnizm-kw. Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:

(\n\°p \mw ssÿcyw \evIn-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ Aev]mev]w \o Ah-

(]m]-kp-c-£n-XXzw ssZhm-\p-{Klw H∂p-sIm≠p am{Xw e`n-°p-∂-

k) A√m-lp-hns‚ dkq¬ BsW-∂-Xns‚ hnh-£, km£m¬ "aA-

im-kv{X-Im-c-∑m¿ Ah-cpsS IrXn-I-fn¬ hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-ap-≠v.''(X¿Pp-

(A√mlp apgp-h≥ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬\n∂pw h√-t∏mgpw Dt±-iy-]q¿hw

°mw. ]t£, A√mlp DS≥Xs∂ AXp Xncp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpw.

(C\n sNdnb sX‰p- I - f psS Imcy- a m- s W- ¶ n¬ `qcn- ] - £ m- ` n- { ]mb

(P\-ßƒ BZw, \qlv F∂n-hcpw A√m-Ø-h-cp-amb {]hm-N-I-∑msc

(id-lp¬ an≥lm-Pn¬ _ZJvin hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p: l\-^n-I-

({]hm-N-I≥am¿ h≥]m-]-ß-fn¬\n∂v kpc-£n-X-cm-sW-∂mWv s]mXp-

(]mI-∏n-ghv kw`-hn-®m¬ H∏w-Xs∂ AXv hy‡-am-°p∂ ]cm-a¿ihpw

({]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬\n∂v ]mI-∏n-g-Ifpw sX‰p-Ifpw kw`-hn-®n-´p-≠v.)

AXyp-∂X ÿm\-ßfpw {]`m-hm-h-ÿ-I-fp-ambn Xpe\w sNøp-tºmƒ

(A√mlp apgp-h≥ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬\n∂pw h√-t∏mgpw Dt±-i-]q¿hw

apgp-h≥ _m[y-ÿ-cm-hnt√? F∂ hna¿i-I-∑m-cpsS tNmZy-Øn\v

(Ah- c n¬\n∂v AXo- h - \ n-  m- c - a mb ]mI- ∏ ng h√Xpw kw`- h n-

sIm≠p-h-∂-Xns\ apdpsI ]nSn-°p-I-bpw Ahn-S∂v hntcm-[n-®-Xns\

I≥am¿ `b-∂n-cp-∂p-sh∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ Xs∂-bm-

(Zmhq-Zv, \mw \ns∂ Cu \m´n¬ {]Xn-\n-[n-bm-bmWv \n›-bn-®n-´p-≈-

(Rm-s\mcp a\pjy≥ am{X-amWv. \nßƒs°-∂-t]mse F\n°pw

dn®v ]d-™n-´p-≈Xp IqSn D≤-cn-®p-sIm≠v Cu A[ymbw Ah-km-\n-

(tcmKhpw AXp-t]m-ep-≈-Xp-amb am\p-jn-Im-h-ÿ-Iƒ {]hm-N-I-∑m-

""auZqZn Xs‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSv D]-tZ-in-°p-∂Xv ImWpI:

]d-™-sX∂pw X^vko-dns‚ bYm¿Y \ne F¥m-sW∂pw \ap°p

F∂n´pw Ah-cpsS ho£Ww Ckvem-anI ho£-Whpw Ncy Ckvem-

C\n hmb-\-°m¿, hna¿i-I-t‚-Xmbn \mw D≤-cn® X¿Pa IqSn

auZqZn kmln_v XpS¿s∂-gp-Xp-∂p: ""AXn¬ Ad_n `mjsb

Zp_v\p lº¬, Km-en, C_v\p-ssX-an-ø, apl-Ω-Zp_v\p A_vZn¬

hmbn- ® n- ´ p- ≠ v . X^v k o- d n- s ‚bpw lZokv hymJym- \ - ß - f p- s Sbpw

°p-hmt\m AXn\p NnIn-’-I-fm-cm-bmt\m Xß-fpsS ka-b-Øn¬\n∂v

^e-{]-Z-am-hp-I-bn-√.''(X≥Jo-lm-Øv, t]Pv 239)

Z÷m¬ Fhn-sStbm _‘n-X-\mbn InS-°p∂p F∂p-≈Xv {]kn-≤-am-

acn® Abmƒ°v th≠n apkvenwIƒ P\mk \a-kvI-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

(Ah- c n¬\n∂v AXo- h - \ n- m- c - a mb ]mI- ∏ ng h√Xpw kw`- h n-

Zp_v\p lº¬, Km-en, C_v\p-ssX-an-ø, apl-Ω-Zp_v\p A_vZn¬

(AXp kw_-‘n®p Rm≥ a\-n-em-°n-bX - n¬ sh®v IqSp-X¬ icn-bm-bn-