Xpedia Bahasa Inggris
Latihan Reading 5 - Author - Related Questions
Doc. Name: XPINGA305 Doc. Version : 2016-04 |
Passage 1 (Soal 1 - 3)
Many foods hold awesome amounts of
energy.
What does a burning cheese curl have to do
with energy? Ask Joe Cifelli. He‟s a professor
at St. Joseph‟s University in Philadelphia. He
also teaches fourth graders about nutrition.
The first lesson is setting cheese curls on
fire.
Cheese curls burn because they contain
energy. “Food is energy,” Cifelli explains.
Fire consumes that energy when Cifelli
burns a cheese curl. When you eat food, you
are putting energy into your body. You use
energy in many different ways — running on
the playground, walking the dog, and
brushing your teeth. Everything your body
does requires energy, even breathing and
thinking.
Energy is measured in units called calo-
ries. Scientists figure out how many calories
are in a food by burning it, much as Cifelli
does, but they use a device called a bomb
calorimeter. That machine measures the heat
given off by the burning food.
People on diets often worry about the
calories they eat and count calories like wan-
nabe scientists. But calories aren‟t bad! In
fact, most kids need between 1,600 and
2,500 calories per day to grow and be
healthy.
If you eat more calories than you burn
off, your body stores that energy. “It‟s like
gasoline,” Cifelli says. “If you don‟t burn it,
your body will put it in a storage tank.” Your
body turns unused calories into fat for
storage.
Having too much fat and being
overweight can cause health problems. But
you can work to stay at a healthy weight by
listening to your body; be active and don‟t
eat unless you feel hungry. Healthy eating,
Cifelli claims, is just a matter of
understanding the energy that goes in and
the energy that is burned off. “It‟s about
making choices,” he says.
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halaman 1
Big Kiss
Joe Cifelli says people are surprised by
how much energy is in food. A Hershey Kiss
has 26 calories, Cifelli says. That doesn‟t
sound like much, but if a machine could
turn all that energy into power, it could lift a
car six feet off the ground! When you eat,
your body uses most of that energy to digest
your food and keep the trillions of cells in
your body running smoothly.
[source: http://www.readworks.org/passages/
hot-topics]
01. The author uses the statement, “The first
lesson is setting cheese curls on fire,” in
order to …
(A) cause disbelief in the reader.
(B) get the reader‟s attention.
(C) make the reader feel angry because it is
unsafe.
(D) encourage the reader to destroy junk
food.
02. The author‟s purpose in writing this article
probably was to …
(A) make fun of overweight people.
(B) educate the reader about calories and
the body‟s need for energy.
(C) inform the reader that dieting is safe.
(D) help the reader understand that having
too much body fat is unsafe.
03. The reason the author describes how the few
calories in a Hershey Kiss could turn into
enough energy to lift a car six feet off of the
ground is to demonstrate …
(A) that chocolate is good for your body.
(B) how much activity goes into making
candy.
(C) how much energy the human body uses.
(D) how high a heavy person can jump.
 Xpedia Bahasa Inggris, Latihan Reading 5 - Author - Related Questions
doc. name: XPINGA305 doc. version : 2016-04 |
Passage 2 (soal 4 - 5)
Once upon a time there lived a great sto-
ryteller whose tales delighted both children
and adults. He told a story about an emperor
who had a new wardrobe and about a tiny
girl who was no taller than a person‟s thumb.
That storyteller‟s name was Hans
Christian Andersen, and his fans have
already celebrated the anniversary of his
210th birthday [2015].
People are retold Andersen‟s fairy tales in
countries such as Denmark and Egypt.
Andersen‟s fans also commemorated the
anniversary with a variety of celebrations. In
New York City‟s Central Park, storyteller
Ellen Shapiro read “The Princess and the
Pea” to a crown of children.
In Denmark, 15-foot-tall puppets danced
in midair every night from May until
September. In Singapore, the post office
published a series of Andersen stamps. And
in Egypt, the library in Alexandria has dis-
played Andersen‟s books, translated into 150
languages.
“Andersen‟s stories have everything, “
Shapiro told Senior Edition. “They are funny
and sad and joyous. I never get tired of
them.” Storytellers such as Shapiro love
carrying on Andersen‟s tradition, Shapiro
doesn‟t memorize her favorite stories,
however. Instead, she learns what happens at
the beginning, middle and end. She changes
the words of a story to fit the audience.
Therefore, no two tellings of a story are
exactly alike.
[source: www.readworks.org/get/227668]
04. The author wrote this article to …
(A) celebrate the life and work of Hans
Christian Andersen.
(B) inform readers about the 210th
anniversary of Andersen‟s birth.
(C) interest readers in Andersen‟s stories.
(D) all of the above.
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halaman 2
05. The author mentions storyteller Ellen
Shapiro partly in order to …
(A) emphasize the importance of telling
instead of reading stories.
(B) show that “The Princess and the Pea” is
autobiographical.
(C) promote New York City‟s
commemoration of Andersen‟s birth.
(D) find fault with Shapiro for not
memorizing the stories.
Passage 3 (soal 6)
My children have outgrown books in which
polar bears and penguins inhabit the same
page. But there is an alarming number of
them out there and this is one
biogeographical crime I cannot forgive.
Polar bears live in the Arctic, near the
North Pole. Penguins live in Antarctica and
the neighbouring continents, near the South
Pole. They are literally poles apart, so don't
unite them in fiction just because they look
cute together.
[source: http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150902-
the-truth- about-polar-bears]
06. From the text above, the author‟s tone seems
…
(A) inspired
(B) fearful.
(C) annoyed.
(D) anxious.
Passage 4 (Soal 7 - 8)
Movie Review: Nightcrawler
As Lou Bloom, a freelance TV news
cameraman with a nose for graphic tragedy,
Jake Gyllenhaal creeped me out big-time. I
mean that as high praise. Gyllenhaal, in a
poisonously potent performance, acts with
morbid excitement. Bloom will crawl into
any LA rat hole or car wreck to produce
video or dig out a photo he can sell to a TV
news director, just to momentarily sate the
public‟s appetite for gory digital sensation.
 Xpedia Bahasa Inggris, Latihan Reading 5 - Author - Related Questions
doc. name: XPINGA305 doc. version : 2016-04 |
If I‟m making Nightcrawler sound like a
sharp attack against a society that gets the
exploitative news it deserves, maybe that‟s
because it often is. Luckily, the film‟s writer
and first-time director, Dan Gilroy, is
hunting bigger game than cloning Network.
Bloom is more akin to the sociopaths in Taxi
Driver and Peeping Tom. He fancies himself an
artist, arranging the wounded and the dead
to the best catch the light and hold the frame
he composes with such care and little regard
for pesky morality or professional ethics.
When you can‟t find an accident or a murder,
why not create it yourself ?
Nightcrawler curves and hisses its way into
your head with demonic skill. When the
laughs come, they stick in your throat. This
is deliciously twisted piece of work. And
Gyllenhaal, coiled and ready to spring, is
scarily brilliant. He truly is a monster of our
time.
[source: http://www. rollingstone . com/movies/
reviews/ nightcrawler-20141030]
07. What impressions would you form about the
author‟s attitude toward the
m o v i e Nightcrawler?
(A) concerned.
(B) appreciative.
(C) disapproving.
(D) skeptical.
08. Why does the author mention the movie
Network?
(A) To show that Lou Bloom character is
similar to characters in Network.
(B) To show that Nightcrawler is not a
copycat of Network, despite the
similarities.
(C) To show that Dan Gilroy is much better
than Network.
(D) To show that Dan Gilroy has managed
to create an incredible character like Lou
Bloom.
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halaman 3
Passage 5 (Soal 9 - 10)
It is only very recently that it has been
thought appropriate to teach ethics in
government schools. One reasonable
explanation for this is that traditionally ethics
was conceived of as a set of sacred rules and
admonitions. Out of a desire for religious
neutrality, government schools shied away
from teaching ethics.
The idea, however, that ethics must be
religious, is wrong. For thousands of years
philosophers have developed the field of
secular ethics. Secular ethics doesn‟t depend
on the idea that God doesn‟t exist, but
instead is focused on providing reasons for
ethical positions that are not religiously
dependent (but may still be compatible with
religious views).
Secular ethics is unavoidable. For
instance, even if we believe in God‟s
existence, religious texts are typically
incomplete, and sometimes contradictory, on
moral questions. To take a biblical example,
should a childless widow marry her deceased
husband‟s brother? Leviticus (xx, 21) says
„no‟, while Deuteronomy (xxv, 5) says „yes‟.
Judging between the two requires something
more than religious authority. Furthermore,
most religious texts were written at a time
when many of today‟s most challenging
moral questions were inconceivable.
Adopting and applying passages from these
texts is increasingly awkward (e.g. „What
would Jesus think about financial incentives
for organ donation, or the use of human
enhancement technologies?‟). Secular ethics
can fill the void.
In a society composed of those from a
multitude of religious (and non-religious)
backgrounds, secular ethics also provides us
with reasons that are open for all. In living
together, it is these reasons that are likely to
persuade those who don‟t share our beliefs
about the divine, or the implications.
Secular ethics, then, is necessary. But can it
be taught?
[source: http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2015/03/
should-ethics-be-taught-in-schools/]
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09. The author‟s tone in explaining secular ethics
is …
(A) persuasive.
(B) loving.
(C) sarcastic.
(D) egotistical.
10. Why does the author mention Leviticus and
Deuteronomy (paragraph 3)?
(A) To show that bible can be wrong.
(B) To demonstrate that deciding between
what is right and wrong can be solved
by the bible.
(C) To exemplify a case in which we need
more than religious authority in solving
a problem.
(D) To nominate the bible as the real source
of morality.
Passage 6 (Soal 11)
Competition played a more important
role in the evolution of the dog family
(wolves, foxes, and their relatives) than cli-
mate change, shows a new international
study published in PNAS.
An international team including scientist
from the Universities of Gothenburg
(Sweden), Sao Paulo (Brazil), and Lausanne
(Switzerland) analyzed over 2000 fossils and
revealed that the arrival of felids—a
mammal of cat family—to North America
from Asia had a deadly impact on the
diversity of the dog family, contributing to
the extinction of as many as 40 of their
species.
“We usually expect climate changes to
play an overwhelming role in the evolution
of biodiversity. Instead, competition among
different carnivore species proved to be even
more important for canids, a mammal of dog
family” says leading author Daniele Silvestro
at the Department of Biological and
Environmental Sciences, University of
Gothenburg.
The dog family originated in North
America about 40 million of years ago and
reached a maximum diversity around 22 mil-
lion of years ago, when more than 30 species
inhabited the continent. Today, only 9 spe-
cies of the dog family live in North America.
They progressively increased in body size
and specialized into becoming large preda-
tors. Some of them exceeded 30 kg and were
among the largest carnivores on the North
American continent. Although several large
carnivores today face a higher extinction risk
than smaller species, the authors of the study
found no evidence of a similar pattern in
ancient canid species.
The evolutionary success o f carnivorous
animals is inevitably linked to their ability to
obtain food. The limited amount of
resources (preys) imposes strong
competition among carnivores sharing the
same geographic range. For instance African
carnivores such as wild dogs, hyenas, lions,
and other felids are constantly competing
with each other for food. North American
carnivores in the past might have followed
similar dynamics and much of the competi-
tion is found among species of the dog fam-
ily and from ancient felids and dogs. Inter-
estingly, while felids appeared to have
strongly negative impact on the survival of
ancient dogs, the opposite is not true. This
suggests that felids must have been more
efficient predators than most of the extinct
species in the dog family.
[source: sciencedaily]
11. The author‟s tone in explaining the passage
above is mostly …
(A) urgent
(B) impartial
(C) optimistic
(D) cruel

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