Canal discharge Q = 6.

978 m3/s
Say = 7.0 m3/s
Canal depth y = 1.31 m
Free board Fb = 0.30 m
Total depth of canal = 1.61 m
Canal Design bed level = 159.217 m
Canal full supply level = 160.529 m
Side slope (1:Z) = 1.5
Canal width B = 6.50 m
Flumed to B1 = 2.30 m
Provided splay of 3:1 in contraction, the length of contraction transition
= (B-B1)*2/2
= 6.3 m
Provided splay of 3:1 in expansion, the length of expansion transition
= (B-B1)*3/2
= 6.3 m
Length of the flumed rectangular portion between abutments = 18.0

Head loss and bed level at different sections

At section 4-4 =
Area return its original trapezoidal section
Area of the trapeziodal canal section = (B + 1.5 y) y
= 11.11 m2
Velocity V4(Q/A) = 0.64 m/s
Velocity head = V24/2g = 0.0210 m
RL of bed at 4-4 (Canal bed of canal d/s) = 159.013 m
RL of water surface at 4-4 = 160.325 m
RL of T.E.L. at 4-4 = 160.346

At section 3-3
Keeping the same depth through out the channel, we have at section 3-3
Bed width B1 = 2.3 m
area of the channel = 3.0176 m2
Velocity V3(Q/A) = 2.32 m/s
Velocity head = V23/2g = 0.275 m
Assuming that the losses of head in expansion from section 3-3 to section 4-4 taken as
= 0.3 [(V23-V24)/2g]
= 0.0770 m
RL of T.E.L. at section 3-3 = R.L. of T.E.L. at 4-4 + Loss in expansion
= 160.423 m
RL of water surface at 3-3 = R.L. of T.E.L. at 3-3 - velocity Head = 160.148 m
RL of bed at 3-3 = 158.836 m

At section 2-2
From section 2-2 to 3-3, the trough section is constant. Therefore, area and velocity are the same as
at 3-3. but from 2-2 to 3-3 , there is a friction loss between 2-2 and 3-3 which may computed
by Manning's HL = (n2* V2*L)/R4/3
n = 0.015
A = 3.0176 m2
P = 4.924 m
R = 0.613 m
V = 2.32 m/s
 HL = 0.042 m
RL of T.E.L.at section 2-2 = R.L. of T.E.L. at 3-3 + friction loss in trough
= 160.465 m
RL of water surface at 2-2 = R.L. of T.E.L. at 2-2 - velocity Head = 160.190 m
RL of bed at 2-2 = 158.878 m

At section 1-1
Losses of head in contraction transition from 1-1 to 2-2
= 0.2 [(V22-V21)/2g]
= 0.0510
RL of T.E.L.at section 1-1 = R.L. of T.E.L. at 2-2 + loss in contraction
= 160.516 m
RL of water surface at 1-1 = R.L. of T.E.L. at 1-1 - velocity Head = 160.495 m
RL of bed at 1-1 = 159.183 m

Aquaduct depth d = 1.50 m

Say = 1.60 m
Aquaduct depth with free board D = 1.90 m
 1 2 3

FLOW

3.8m 2.30 m
6.8 m

2 3
1

T.E.L.
160.516 160.465 160.423

160.495 160.190 F.S.L. 160.148

159.183 DBL 158.836

158.878
 4
3

5.7 m
6.8 m

3
4

160.346

160.33

159.01
Some values for design

Value of K for solid slab depend on over all thickness of slab

300 mm or 150 or
Ds mm more 275 250 225 200 175 less
k 1 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.25 1.3

Design Shear strength of concrete

τc (N/mm2)
M40 nad
100 Ast/bd M15 M20 M25 M30 M35 above
≤ 0.15 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.3
0.25 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38
0.50 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.5 0.51
0.75 0.54 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.59 0.6
1.00 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.67 0.68
1.25 0.64 0.67 0.7 0.71 0.73 0.74
1.50 0.68 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.79
1.75 0.71 0.75 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.84
2.00 0.71 0.79 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88
2.25 0.71 0.81 0.85 0.88 0.9 0.92
2.50 0.71 0.82 0.88 0.91 0.93 0.95
3.0 and
above 0.71 0.82 0.92 0.96 0.99 1.01

Maximum
Shear
Stress τcm
(N/mm2) 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.7 4

Development length for single bars

Tension Bars Compression Bars
σy N/mm2
M20 M25 M20 M25
250 46 φ 39 φ 37 φ 31 φ
415 47 φ 40 φ 38 φ 32 φ
500 58 φ 49 φ 46 φ 39 φ

Modification factor for tension reinforcement

Percentage of
tension fs = 290 fs = 240 fs = 190 fs = 145 fs = 120
SI. No. reinforcement N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2
1 0.00 2.000
2 0.20 1.370 1.685
3 0.40 1.030 1.330 1.670
4 0.60 0.980 1.157 1.420 1.770
5 0.80 0.900 1.050 1.280 1.550 1.770
6 1.00 0.850 0.990 1.194 1.420 1.600
7 1.20 0.810 0.943 1.123 1.330 1.490
8 1.40 0.780 0.910 1.070 1.260 1.410
9 1.60 0.750 0.885 1.030 1.220 1.340
10 1.80 0.730 0.845 0.985 1.160 1.285
 11 2.00 0.720 0.830 0.960 1.120 1.230
12 2.20 0.690 0.825 0.930 1.085 1.200
13 2.40 0.680 0.805 0.910 1.060 1.168
14 2.60 0.670 0.790 0.900 1.035 1.140
15 2.80 0.665 0.787 0.890 1.020 1.120
16 3.00 0.663 0.785 0.880 1.000 1.100

σy = 415.000
η = 1.730 1/0.58
As reruired = 0
As provided = 1244
moment after redistribution = 113.04 at the section
moment before redistribution = 0.71 at the section
βb = 160.14

σs = 0.00
≤
Available data:
Clear span of Slab and beam = 7.50 m Water way width
Wall height = 0.90 m Beam width
Water depth

Total depth of Beam = 1.10 m Free board Fb

High yield steel deform bars σy = 500 M20 concrete σck

Unit Density of Concrete = 25 KN/m3
Unit Density of Water = 9.81 KN/m3
Due to the support condition the slab is one way slab.
Let us consider 1m wide strip of the slab b = 1000
Minimum depth of slab d = L/(αβγδλ)
Span to effective depth upto 10 m span α = 20
(For cantiliver- 7, simply supported-20 continuous-26 )
Correction factor in the values of α for spans β = 1
(10/span, where span is in meters. 1 for span <10 m)
Factor for stress γ = 1
Factor web width to the flange width of beam λ = 1
Magnification Factor depends on the area of compression reinforcement δ = 1
so, Approximate depth d = 43mm
Let us apt overall depth D = 200mm

Dead Loads 1 Slab dead load = Cross sectional areax

= 5.00
2 Impose load due to Water = water sectional area x
= 4.12

Total load W = 9.12

Taking partial load factor (for dead load)λ = 1.50
Factored load or design load Wd = 13.68

Effective span for simply supported slab minimum of bottom two ( l )

C/C distance of support = 0.85
or clear span + effective depth of slab = 0.64
Effective Span = 0.64

Maximum bending moment at centre of shorter span M = wl2/8

= 0.71
Maximum Shear force Vu = WlC/2
= 4.394796375
Mlim with respect to concrete = 0.138 σck b × d2

15.99

Say d = 20

Assuming clear cover = 50 mm Using bar dia φ = 10

D = 80
 Adoped effective depth d = 240 Total depth D = 300

BM = 0.87 σyAt(d-σyAt/σckb)

BM = 705914.167734375
0.87 σyAtd = 104400
0.87σyAt(σyAt/σckb) = 10.88
Solving quadratic equation At = 0
Using bar dia φ = 12 mm = 113.09
Spacing = 100 No of Bar = 11
Area of steel At = 1244

Check for minimum reinforcement AO = 0.85bd/σy

= 408.00
Check for maximum reinforcement AM = 4
12000
Temperature steel longitudional direction equal to = 0.15% bd
= 360
Using bar dia φ = 10 mm area = 78.53
Spacing = 150 No of Bar 8
Area of Temperature steel is given = 628.24
Check bar spacing

Bar spacing should be less than effective depth

Check for shear
Percentage tensile steel = 100 At/bd
= 0.52
Shear strength of concrete τC = 0.486
Shear strength increase factor k = 1.00
so τ'C = 0.486
Nominal shear stress τV = Vu/bd = 0.020
Check for development length

Moment of resistance offered by reinforcement at support

M1 = 0.87 σYAt(d-σYAt/σckb)
= 113043373
V = 4395
Let us assume Length LO = 0

Ld ≤ 1.3 M1/V

47 φ ≤ 1.3 M1/V
φ < 711.5

Bar arrangement
Anchorage at supports width 0.25

a)Effective anchorage required=12 bar dia beyond

 centre of support = 144

b)[12 xbar dia+d'/2] from face of support 245

Code requires the bar must be carried into the supports by at least Ld/3 = 190
Achorage length of bar provided 245

Top mat steel in both direction is greater of

0.1%of Ac= 300 mm2
or 20% of Ast= 249 mm2

Provide distribution steel 300 mm2

Spacing 262 mm
Provide bar dia 10 mm spacing 200 mm c/c

Check for deflection

Percentage of tensile reinforcement Pt = 0.52

Percentage of compression reinforcement Pc = 0.26
Service stress in tension steel fs = 290

Stress factor for fs 240 Mpa γ = 1.20

spans less than 10 m β = 1

Magnification Factor δ = 1
Web to flange ratio λ = 1
Allowable L/D = αβγδλ

24.01

Actual L/d = 3.54

Design of side beam

Beam effective span, assuming support width = 0.50

C/C distance of support = 8.00

Assuming clear cover 50mm Using barφ 20mm Eff dep d = 1040mm
or clear span + effective depth of slab = 8.54

for width of support ts ≤ 12,Effective Span, lesser of above two value = 8.00

Base slab = 5.00

Water load = 4.12

Sub total : = 9.12 For one beam = 4.56

Dead load of beam = 6.88

Total load on beam weight : = 11.435

 For a load factor = 1.5 Factor load Wu = 17.15
Factored Bending moment BM = Wul2/8

= 137.22
For Fe 415 Balanced section Xm = 0.46

BM = 0.138σck bd2

d = 450.0
So adopted effective depth d = 1040.0
Adopted overall depth D = 1100.0
Tension steel At = 0.36 σck bXm/0.87σy

= 856.55

Use 4-20 mm and 2-16 mm bars giving steel area = 4

Using bar dia φ = 20

= 314.15
Area of Tension steel is given At = 1860

Check for minimum reinforcement AO = 0.85bd/σy

= 442.00

Check for maximum reinforcement Am = 4

11000
Top bar reinforcement is greater of

0.1%of Ac= 275 mm2

or 20% of Ast= 372 mm2

Provide distribution steel 372 mm2

Provide bar dia 16 mm

No of bar 3

Side bar

Provide bar dia 12 mm spacing 150 mm in two side

Bent up tension reinforcement at 45°

Development length of 16 mm bar Ld = σsφ/4τbd

Ld = 47 φ

= 940

No bentup up to 0.94 m from either side of mid span to develop full tensile strerngth at mid
 factored BM at 1.25 m = 123.8206922

BM = 0.87 σyAt(d-σyAt/σckb)
BM = 123820692
0.87 σyAtd = 452400
0.87σyAt(σyAt/σckb) = 43.5

At = 281

At 12φ or d distance away from theoretical bentup point = 576

12 φ = using 16 φ 192 mm or
Hence bentup 2 - 16 mm bars (As = 402.1 mm ) can be bent at 1.25 + 1.13
2

≈ 2.5 m from either side of th

Code requirement at least L/3 of total bar must go in to the support

Check for shear
At bentup bar point

Percentage of tensile reinforcement Pt = 0.56

Shear strength of concrete for this % of area of steel τc = 0.51
Maximum Shear force span Vu = WulC/2-wlb
= 42.881625
Normal shear stress τv = Vu/bd

= 0.16

Check for maximum shear forec at the inner edge of the supports
Factored S.F. V = WulC/2

= 64.32
Normal shear stress τv = 0.247

Percentage of tensile reinforcement Pt = 0.56

Shear strength of concrete for this % of area of steel τc = 0.509

Design vertical shear stress τus = τv - τc

-0.262

Vertical component of shear resisted by 3-16 mm bars.

Vb = 0.87 *σy*At *sinα

= 498007

Corresponding Shear stress τb = Vb/bd

1.92
Code provide minimum shear strirrups is sufficient

Minimum shear stirrups spacing x = 0.87 *σy*Ao /(0.4b)

Providing 2- legged vertical stirrups 10 dia Ao = 157.08

x = 683.30

Code require that x ≤ 300

≤ 0.75d

Providing 2- legged vertical stirrups 12 dia 150 mmc/c = 226.19

Minimum area of shear reinforcement Ao ≥ 0.4bx/(0.87σy)

34.48

Check for development length

Total length of each bars must be remaining after bend at least Ld develop full tensile strength

development length Ld
= 940

Length of bar inside the support should be = -310

Code requires bars should embelded at least Ld/3 = 320

Support size is 600 mm so can directly embelded upto 440 without giving any bent or hook.
Moment of resistance giving by 4- 20 dia bars M1 = 0.87 σYAt(d-σYAt/σckb)

= 499797445

V = 68611
Let us assngth LO = 70
Ld ≤ 1.3 M1/V

47 φ ≤ (1.3 M1/V+Lo)

φ < 201
Check for deflection
Percentage of tensile reinforcement Pt = 0.56

Percentage of compression reinforcement Pc = 0.14

 Stress factor for fs 240 Mpa γ = 0.76

Spans less than 10 m β = 1

Magnification Factor δ = 1

Web to flange ratio λ = 1

Allowable L/D = αβγδλ

15.14
Actual L/d = 7.69
Design of Pier
Pier shape is rectangular but considering smooth transition of water and construction easy circular
nose is provide in flow direction but area of semi-circular part is not account for calculation
RL of Top level = 793.080
RL of Bottom level = 785.940
RL of footing top level = 785.940
Size Height or unsupported length ℓ = 7.14
Length = 1.2
Thickness D = 0.50
Thickness of caping = 0.20
Super impose load on pier = 274.44
Factor load due to caping = 4.31
Total load on Pier = 278.75
Per m Axial load for one pier from both side of beam = 242.40
Assume Concrete area per m = 500000
End condition effectively heald in position at both end & restained against at one end.
ℓeff = 0.80 ℓ
= 5.71
Slinderness ratio = ℓeff / Least lateral dime
= 11.424
Minimum eccentricity emin ≥ ℓ/500 +D/30
= 30.95
0.05 D = 25.0
> 20
From above emin permit for axially loaded
Maximum stress for Fe 415 = 0.79σy
= 395
Providing minimum longitudional steel = 0.8
Pu = 0.4 σckAc+0.67σ
= 0.4 σckAc+0.67σ
Ac = 22696.2
Provided bar φ 20mm Area of steel required Asc = 4000
= 5059
Perimeter of pier deducting clear cover = 3.94
Total pier area A = 0.77
No of bar required per meter = 13
No of bar required per meter in one side = 7
Provide spacing 150
No of bar required for whole perimeter = 27
 Percentage of steel = 0.90%
Lateral ties
Dia of ties 1/4 of larger dia of longitudional bar = 5
At least 6
Pitch
Least lateral dimension of compression member = 500
Sixteen times the smallest dia of the longitudional bar = 320
At least = 300
No of bar = 5
Provide bar dia 12 mm dia @ 200 c/c area of steel = 1131
Percentage of area of concrete = 0.23%

Design of R.C. Footing

Load on footing
BM critical at half of the edge and 10 cm inside of face of pier BM
Provide 50 mm thick cover
Solving quadratic equation
One way Shear at d distance away from the face of wall
Shear strength of concrete for this % of area of steel τc
Unit wt of soil saturated
Bearing capacity of soil
Length of footing
Axial load through pier
Factored load due to abutment/pier
Sub - Total load
Weight /m
Assuming base of footing below Ground level
Approximate area of footing required
Approximate wt of footing including earth above it
Total load per meter
Width of footing the Footing required
Provide
Net upward soil pressure on the footing
Factored upward soil pressure on footing Wu
The effective depth required is, BM
d =
Say effective depth d
100 mm thick blanding coarse & overal depth D
BM
0.87 σyAtd
0.87σ At /σckb)
y
2 2
At
Using bar dia φ 12 mm
spacing @ 150 c/c No of bar
Area of steel At
P =
Longitudional reinforcement for Shrinkage equal to
Using bar dia 12 mm c/c @ 150 mm
No of Bar
Area of Temperature steel is given
Shear force Vu
Nominal shear stress τv
Percentage of tensile reinforcement P
= 19.2
= 245
= 2.25
= 278.75
= 206.53
= 485.28
= 215.68
= 0.00
= 0.9
= 0.00
= 215.68
= 0.89
= 0.90
= 239.6
= 359.5
= 32.4
= 0.138 σck bd2
108
= 440
= 590
= 0.87 σyAt(d-σyA
= 191400
= 4.833
= 170
= 113.1
= 16
= 1810
0.18
= 0.15% bd
= 594
= 113.09
7
= 791.63
= -86.27
= -0.196
= 100*At/bd
0.18
= 0.306
Two way Shear at 0.5d distance away from the face of column
Shear force Vu = 410.30
Nominal shera stress τv = Vu/bd
0.18
Shear strength of concrete for this % of area of steel τ'c = ksτc
ks = 0.5+βc
βc = Length of shorter side
0.40
ks = 0.90
So, ks = 0.90
τ'c = 1.01
Development length Ld σsφ/4τbd
= 47 φ
= 564
Actual embelded from face of the column = 150
Load transfer from column to footing
Nominal bearing stress in the column concrete =
σcb = Pu/Ac
= 0.629
Allowable stress = 0.45 σck
Thus, the column load can be transforred by bearing alone = 9.00
ter way width = 0.60 m
Beam width = 0.25 m
Water depth = 0.70

Free board Fb = 0.20

M20 concrete σck = 20

mm

oss sectional areax 25

KN/m
ter sectional area x 10
KN/m

KN/m

KN/m

m
m

KN-m

KN
38 σck b × d2 (for Fe415 )

mm

mm

mm
 > 200mm
7 σyAt(d-σyAt/σckb)

5914.167734375 N-mm
At

At2
mm2
mm2

mm2 > 0 Safe

< 1244 Safe

% of gross cross area.
> 1244 Safe
of the gross concrete area
mm2
mm2

mm2 > 360 Safe

Safe

N/mm2 From table

For slab thickness 200mm
N/mm2

N/mm2 < 0.486 Safe

7 σYAt(d-σYAt/σckb)
113043373 N-mm
4395 N

mm Safe

m
 mm

mm

mm
mm

393 mm2

%
%
N/mm2

(for 0.22 % of Pc)

< 24.01 Safe

m
1040mm
m

KN/m
 KN/m

KN-m
d

> 1040 Safe

mm
mm
6 σck bXm/0.87σy

mm2

= 3

mm = 16
mm2 = 201.06 mm2
mm2 Safe

< 1860 Safe

% of gross cross-sectional area.

> 1860 Safe

603 mm2 safe

1357 mm2

mm
 KN-m

7 σyAt(d-σyAt/σckb)
123820692 N-mm
At
At2

mm2

mm2 we can bentup

d = 1040mm
.25 + 1.13
rom either side of the mid span.

Safe

N/mm2 < 2.80

KN

N/mm2 < 0.51 Safe

KN
N/mm2

N/mm2
< 2.80

7 *σy*At *sinα

N/mm2
> -0.262
 Safe no need to design stirrups

7 *σy*Ao /(0.4b)

mm2

mm

mm

= 780 mm

mm2

bx/(0.87σy)

mm2
< 226.19

Safe

mm (47 φ)

mm

mm into the support

7 σYAt(d-σYAt/σckb)

499797445 N-mm

N
mm from center of support

mm Safe

%
 (for 0.11 % of Pc)

< 15.14 Safe

m
m

m
m say 1.50 m
m

KN

KN
mm2
0.50 m

m
/ Least lateral dimension
< 12
Short Column

mm
mit for axially loaded column design 1.5 m

N/mm2
% of cross sectional area
σckAc+0.67σyAsc
σckAc+0.67σy*(0.008*Ac)
mm2 < 500000 mm2 Plan view of pier
mm 2

KN > 242.4 Safe

m
m2 0.50

mm c/c
 0.1
1.3
mm 449.75 A
mm B
0= 0
mm 0.25
mm 0.90
mm

mm2 Double legged

KN/m3
KN/m2
m say 2.70 m
KN
KN
KN
KN/m
m
m per m length
KN/m
KN/m
m
m say 2.00 m
KN/m2
KN/m2 2.00 m
KNm 100 mm
x
mm
mm
mm
7 σyAt(d-σyAt/σckb)
At 2.70 m
At 2

mm2
mm2

mm2 > 170 Safe

% x
of the gross concrete area
mm2
mm2

mm2 > 594 Safe

KN/m
N/mm2

%
N/mm2 < -0.196 Safe
 KN

For four side of shear section

gth of shorter side of column/length of longer side of column

than

N/mm2 > 0.184 Safe

mm (47 φ)
mm
> 564 cover 50 mm

N/mm2

N/mm2 > 0.629 Safe