Ammerman N. C., Beier-Sexton M., Azad A. F.

, 2008, Growth and maintenance of vero

cell lines, Current Protocols in Microbiology.
Kusuma A. W., Nurulita N. A., Hartanti D., 2010, Efek Sitotoksik dan Antiproliferatif
Kuersetin Pada Sel Kanker Kolon WiDr, Jurnal Pharmacy, 7(3).
Aslantürk Ö. S., 2018, In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Cell Viability Assays: Principles,
Advantages, and Disadvantages, Genotoxicity - A Predictable Risk to Our Actual
World, pp. 1–18.
Leksono B., 2014, Buah Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) untuk Ketahanan Energi,
Pakan dan Obat-obatan: Peluang dan Tantangan, Peranan dan Strategi
Kebijakan Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu (HHBK) Dalam Meningkatkan
Daya Guna Kawasan (Hutan), pp. 302–314.
Chen T. R., Drabkowski D., Hay R.J., Macy M., Peterson W. Jr., 1987, WiDr is a
derivative of another colon adenocarcinoma cell line, HT-29, Cancer Genetics
and Cytogenetics, 27(1), pp. 125–134.
Demirgan R., Ali K., Murat P., Evren Ö., Fulya T. A., Çağlayan G., et al., 2016, In Vitro
Anticancer Activity and Cytotoxicity of Some Papaver Alkaloids on Cancer and
Normal Cell Lines, African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative
Medicines, 13, pp. 22–26.
Kuipers E. J., Grady W. M., Lieberman D., Seufferlein T., Sung J.J., Boelens P. G., et
al., 2015, Colorectal Cancer, Nature reviews : disease primers, 1.
Brenner H., Kloor M., Pox C. P., 2014, Colorectal cancer, The Lancet, 383, pp. 1490–
14502.
Hyndman I. J., 2016, Review: the Contribution of both Nature and Nurture to
Carcinogenesis and Progression in Solid Tumours, Cancer Microenvironment.
Cancer Microenvironment, 9(1), pp. 63–69.
Ansel J., Lupo E., Mijouin L., Guillot S., Butaud J., Ho R., et al., 2016, Biological Activity
of Polynesian Calophyllum inophyllum Oil Extract on Human Skin Cells, Planta
Medica, 82(11/12), pp. 961–966.
Komite Penanggulangan Kanker Nasional, 2015, Panduan Penatalaksanaan Kanker
kolorektal, Panduan Penatalaksanaan Kanker kolorektal, p. 76.
Leksono B., Windyarini E., Hasnah T. M., 2014, Budidaya Nyamplung (Calophyllum
inophyllum L.) untuk Bioenergi dan Prospek Pemanfaatan Lainnya, IPB Press.
Malarkey D. E., Hoenerhoff M., Maronpot R. R., 2013, Carcinogenesis: Mechanisms and
Manifestations, Haschek and Rousseaux’s Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology.
Noguchi P., Wallace R., Johnson J., Earley E. M., O'brien S., Ferrone S., et al., 1979,
Characterization of WiDr: A human colon carcinoma cell line, In Vitro, 15(6), pp.
401–408.
Palozza P., Serini S., Maggiano N., Tringali G., Navarra P., Ranelletti F. O., et al., 2005,
β-Carotene Downregulates the Steady-State and Heregulin-α–Induced COX-2
Pathways in Colon Cancer Cells, The Journal of Nutrition, 135(1), pp. 129–136.
1
Peng C., et al., 2016, Norcantharidin Suppresses Colon Cancer Cell Epithelial-
Mesenchymal Transition by Inhibiting the αvβ6-ERK-Ets1 Signaling Pathway,
Scientific Reports, 6(20500), pp. 1–9.

Ragasa C. Y., Virgilio E. Jr., Reyes M. M. D. L., Mandia E. H., Brkljača R., Urban S.,
2015, Triterpenes from Calophyllum inophyllum linn, International Journal of
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 7(4), pp. 718–722.
Shanmugapriya, Chen Y., Kanwar J. R., Sasidharan S., 2017, Anticancer Activity and
Molecular Mechanism of Polyphenol Rich Calophyllum inophyllum Fruit Extract in
MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells, Nutrition and Cancer, 69(8), pp. 1308–1324.
Sundur S., Shrivastava B., Sharma P., Raj S. S., Jayasekhar V. L., 2014, a Review
Article of Pharmacological Activities and Biological Importance of Calophyllum
Inophyllum, International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2(12), pp. 599–
603.
Tariq K., Ghias K., 2016, Colorectal cancer carcinogenesis: a review of mechanisms,
Cancer Biology and Medicine, 13(1), pp. 120–135.
The Global Cancer Observatory, 2019, Cancer fact sheet, World Health Organization,
876, pp. 2018–2019.
World Health Organization, 2019, Estimated number of cancer cases in Indonesia, 256,
pp. 2018–2019.