POST PARTUM PERIOD (PUERPERIUM)

and METABOLISM DISORDER

Drh. Amrozi, PhD
Prof. Drh. Bambang Purwantara, MSc, PhD
Dr. Drh. M Agil, MSc.Agr., Dipl ACCM
Drh. Mokhamad Fakhrul Ulum, MSi, PhD

DIVISION OF REPRODUCTION AND OBSTETRICS

DEPARTMENT OF CLINIC, REPRODUCTION, AND PATHOLOGY
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE-IPB UNIVERSITY
POST PARTUM PERIOD (PUERPERIUM) and
METABOLISM DISORDER

Topic of discussion:
1. Puerperium
Lecture 7
33 slides

2. Lochia
3. Post Partum Management
4. Fals Dolores
5. Paresis puerpuralis
th

6. Ketosis
7. Grass tetany
 POST PARTUM PERIOD
(1. PUERPERIUM)
DEFINITION
The period between calving and reproduction period. This period can
be assimilated to the waiting period i.e. the period between calving
and the first insemination.
A period after birth of calf where the reproductive organs will return
as before the pregnancy occurs both function and form.

The change include:

1.Ovarian Rebound
2.Uterine involution
3.Endometrium regeneration
4.Microbes elimination
 1. Ovarian Cycle Activities Back to Normal
(Ovarian Rebound)
Influenced by several factors :
• Complication of post partus (dystocia)
• High milk production
• Poor feed quality during pre and post partus
• Cattle breed (beef cattle is slower then dairy cattle)
• Animal status: primipara is faster compare to pluripara
• Climate: Cattle in moderate weather is faster compare
to cattle in hot weather
• Suckling intensity and frequency: High intensity and
frequency suckling often inhibit the recovery of post
partum oestrous cycle.
 Long period of inhibiton during Pregnancy
- Effect of Negative Feed back of Progesterone
(CL and Placenta)

Pituitary is resitant to stimulation during post Partum

Less respons to release of GnRH

Pitutary back active following the time

Fisrt oestrus interval (33-85.5 days)
 2. UTERINE INVOLUTION
Return of the uterus into normal shape and size:
• Cervix back to normal size
• Generally reproductive organs are back in the pelvical
cavity
Process :
 begins with a high speed change of shape and size, then
it will decrease gradually.
 the ongoing process of continuous contraction of
myometrium on the effect of PGF2α produced by the
uterus.
 rapid changes occur a maximum of 3-4 days post partum
and continue until 2-3 weeks.
Rectal Palpation:
• 25 - 30 days post partum cervix length and diameter
much less than when partus
• Day 42 has reached normal size (total recovery).

Factors that affect the speed of involution

1. Status: primipara faster than pluripara
2. Season: Spring faster than Summer
3. Complication of partus may inhibit
Changes in uterine weight of post partum
(in Arthur et al., 1996)
 The changes of uterus mass of a cow after calving

http://loribovinesection.blogspot.co.id/2013_0
8_01_archive.html

http://www.animalcare-techna.com/en/reproduction/ruminant/delayed-uterine-involution-dairy-cow
3. ENDOMETRIUM REGENERATION

Substitution of damaged endometrial tissue after

partus.
Endometrial tissue including caruncle (maternal
placenta) becomes necrotic.
The changes:
 The degenerative changes of the caruncle
surface occur after 2 days of partus
 The caruncle is coated by necrotic tissue
1-2 mm thick at 5 days of post partus
Changes of Caruncle during Puerperium
(in Arthur et al., 1996)
 The formula of SHT consists of five
ingredients including: Radix Angelicae
Sinensis (Danggui), Ligustici
Rhizoma (Chuan Xiong), Semen
Persicae (Tao Ren), Zingiberis
Rhizoma (Pao Jiang), and Glycyrrhizae
Radix (Zhi Gan Cao)
http://ajas.info/journal/view.php?doi=10.5713/ajas.2013.13042
 Day-5th till 10th necrotic tissue melts as a lochia
discharge
 Day-15th re-epithelization occurs so that
karunkula is exposed (stripped naked)
 Day-40th till 50th epithelization of the
caruncular sites is complete
 Day-40th till 60th re-form a complete
endometrial structure including the uterine
gland.

Disorder Factor: 1. Post partum complication

2. Nutrient Deficiency
 4. ELIMINATION OF CONTAMINANT BACTERIA
The process of eliminating the contaminant bacterial activity
to acchieve normal function of the uterus after birth

The process:
 Physical attachment as a result of nekrosa and wrinkling
of the karunkula surface
 Physical protrusion of endometrium is associated with
continuous uterine contractions, involution and
discharge of lochia
 Leukocyte phagocytosis activity that migrates into the
uterine lumen
 Immunoglobulin secretion
 2. LOCHIA
Definition:
The rupture of blood cells, the epithel of the
endometrium, the placental villi, the blood
serum, the remnants of the allantois fluid or
amnion still remaining in the uterus after the
fetus was born.
The Cervix remains open at least 20 days to allow
the discharge of lochia
Volume
Lochia in cattle: - Primipara ±500 ml
- Pluripara ±2000 ml
Colour
Uncertain, depending on the remnants of the most
dominant ruins, if the rest of the placenta resembles red
blood flesh. Like yellow serum. After 10-12 days after
calving, the color becomes hemorrhagic.

Smell
Generally fishy
If it smells rotten (bad odor) means there is infection by
microbes decomposition
Day-4th post partus lochia discharged reach
the maximum in volume

Day-25th post partus lochia still discharged and

smells rotten, possible endometritis.
 The Cervix of a post partum cow (one week after calving)
http://loribovinesection.blogspot.co.id/2013/08/the-cervix-of-postpartum-cow-
keywords.html
http://loribovinesection.blogspot.co.id/2013_ https://id.pinterest.com/pin/150800287503208068/
08_01_archive.html
Courtesy: PPDH
METRITIS
(14 day PP)

LOCHIA (12 day PP)

http://loribovinesection.blogspot.co.id/2013_08
_01_archive.html Courtesy: PPDH
 3. POST PARTUM MANAGEMENT

OBJECTIVE
• Preventive action prevents postpartum
disturbance

PROCEDURES
• Observation and examination of changes (lochia,
uterus form and size during the first two weeks
of postpartum)
 Parameters observed

• Lochia discharged lochia volume reduced,

transparant and yellowish colour
• Lochia does not smell
• The size of the uterus decreases along the times of
puerpurerial period
• The development of ovarian activity
 4. FALSE DOLORES
Contraction that occurs before the fetal phase (even
preparation phase has not yet been seen). Generally
happens 2 weeks before the Parturition. Often found in
cows and pigs, whereas on horses are rare

CAUSA:
- Body temparature changes drastically
- Traumatic (slip, fall)
- Vaginal prolapsus especially in pigs (constant contraction)
- The expulsion movement of the fetus
Symptoms:
- Non-continuous contraction
- The pain in the abdominal area resembles colic
- Ruminant animals may be accompanied by rectal prolapse/
vaginal prolapse
In horses, cervical dilatation may occur prematurely because
alanto chorion suppresses the cervical canal resulting in
abortion
In cow and pig, never show premature cervical dilation

Therapy:
Try to relieve symptoms of contraction with sedatives
Vaginal prolapse is repositioned and avoid re-occur
(residiva)
 5. PARESIS PUERPURALIS
Parturient Paresis (Milk Fever)
(Hypocalcemia)
• Cows who have calcium deficiency
(hypocalcemia) in the blood occur immediately
before, during or within 72 hours after the
Partus

• Levels of calcium in the blood drops to 3-7 mg /

100 ml from normal 8-12 mg / 100ml.
Symptoms:
• Anorexia
• Motoric incoordination, stiff and unsteady
steps
• Paresis
• Sub-normal body temperature
• Extremities getting cold
• The neck forms the S curve
• Intestine peristaltic rediced/stop
 Courtesy: PPDH

The neck forms the S curve

Treatment:

• IV Infusion:
1. calcium borogluconas (750-1500 ml iv)
20%
2. gluconas calsicus (1/2 dosis IV dan
½ SC)
• Repeat 8-12 hours later if the first treatment
is not successful (cow is still lying down)
• Do not milk for 2-3 days
 6. KETOSIS
Asetonaemia
• Rarely occurs before partus, sometimes occurring
within 7-10 days post-partus, often within 10 to 60
days post-partus

• Ketosis is characterized by hypoglicemia, ketonaemia

and ketonuria. Glucose levels in the blood fall to 18-40
mg / 100ml (normal 40-60 mg / 100ml) and Ketose
levels increase to 15-75 mg / 100ml.
Symptoms:
1. Digestive symptom: Anorexia, constipation,
Tottering/stand unstable

2. Nervosa symptom: Depression, trembling,

nervous and licking, paresis,
anorexia

Treatment:
• Glukosa 40% infusion (800 ml/350 kg BB)
 7. GRASS TETANY
Lactation tetany, transport tetany

• Grass tetany is characterized by hypocalcemia and

hypomagnesemia or only with its own
hypomagnesemia

• Usually occurs in cows that are always kept

permanently in the pen and given a poor diet of
magnesium. Or cattle are grazed in areas with poor
magnesium soils
Symptoms:
• Trismus/Lockjaw
• Tachycardia
• Nystagmus (eyeball moves quick)
• Tremor
• Spasmus and convulsions

Treatment:
• Calcium infision (if combine with hypocalcemia)
• Magnesium infusion (200-500 ml,10-25% magnesium
sulfat solution)
 Dairy device designed for early metabolic
and ketosis disease detection
Gryphsens: Testing for Severe Cattle Diseases

Suresh Neethirajan, Ph.D., P.Eng

http://modernagriculture.ca/gryphsens-testing-severe-cattle-diseases/