Circleworkbook Pattern-1

Maths IIT-JEE MC SIR
CIRCLE Basic Geometry with Circles
1. Equal chords subtends equal angles 2. Equal chords of a circle are equidistant
at the centre and vice-versa. from the centre and vice-versa.
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3. Angle subtended by an arc at the 4. Angles in the same segment of a
centre is double the angle subtended at circle are equal.
any point on the remaining part of the
circle.
5. The sum of the opposite angles of a 6. If two chords of a circle intersect

cyclic quadrilateral is 180° and either inside or outside the circle, the
vice-versa. rectangle contained by the parts one
chord is equal in area to the rectangle
contained by the parts of the other.
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7. The greater of the two chords in a 8. A chord drawn across the circular
circle is nearer to the centre than region divides it into parts each of
lesser. which is called a segment of the circle.
9. The tangents at the extremities of a Definition of Circle

chord of a circle are equal. Circle is defined as a locus of a point ‘P’
which moves in x-y plane in such a way such
that its distance from the fixed point in the same
plane is always constant.
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Standard Form General Equation of the Circle
2 2
(x – a) + (y – b) = r 2 x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
a, b  centre Centre (–g, –f)
r  radius 1
 1 
i.e.,   coefficient of x ; – coefficient of y 
 2 2 
Radius  g 2  f 2  c
Examples Q. Find equation of circle whose radius

is 10 and centre is (–5, –6).
Q. Find equation of circle whose radius is
3 and centre is (–1, 2).
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Necessary and Sufficient Condition NOTE
for General Equation of 2° to The general equation of circle
x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 contains 3
Represent a Circle
independent arbitrary constants g, f and c which
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 means that a unique circle passes through 3
non-collinear points. Hence 3 points on a circle
(a) Coefficient of x2 = coefficient of y2
must be given to determine the unique
(not neccessarily unity) and
equation of the circle.
(b) Coefficient of xy = 0
Nature of Circle Examples
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 Q. Find the equation of the circle passing

(i) If g2 + f 2 – c > 0 through the points (3, 4), (–3, – 4),
 Real circle with finite radius (0, 5).
(ii) If g + f 2 – c = 0
2
 Point circle
(iii) If g + f 2 – c < 0
2
 imaginary circle
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Q. Find the equation of the circle having Q. Find the equation of the Circumcircle
lines 2x – 3y = 5 and 3x – 4y = 7 as its of  formed by the lines
diameter/Normal/longest chord and xy + 2x + 2y + 4 = 0 ; x + y + 2 = 0
whose area is 154 sq. units.
Q. Find centre and radius of the circle Q. Find equation of circle concentric with
2x2 + 2y2 – 6x + 8y – 5 = 0 3x 2 + 3y 2 – 5x – 6y – 14 = 0 and
perimeter of its semicirlce is 36.
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Q. Find equation of the circle which Q. Find the equation of the circle for
passes through (2, 3) and centre on the which centre is on the line y = 2x and
x-axis, radius being 5. passing through (–1, 2) and (3, – 2).
Q. Find the equation of circle whose S.L. Loney

centre is (4, 3) and touches the line
5x – 12y – 10 = 0. Assignment-1
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Which the equation to the circle : Find the equations to the circles which pass
Q. Whose radius is 3 and whose centre is through the points :
(–1, 2). Q. (0, 0), (a, 0) and (0, b).
Q. Whose radius is 10 and whose centre is Q. (1, 2), (3, –4) and (5, – 6)
(–5, –6). Q. (1, 1), (2, – 1) and (3, 2)
Q. Whose radius is a + b and whose centre Q. (5, 7), (8, 1) and (1, 3)
is (a, –b). Q. (a, b), (a, –b) and (a + b, a – b).
Q. Whose radius is a 2  b 2 and whose
centre is (–a, –b).
Find the coordinates of the centres and the

radii of the circle whose equations are :
Q. x2 + y2 – 4x – 8y = 41
Q. 3x2 + 3y2 – 5x – 6y + 4 = 0
Q. x2 + y2 = k(x + k)
Q. x2 + y2 = 2gx – 2fy
Q. 1  m 2 (x2 + y2) – 2cx – 2mcy = 0
Diametrical Form of Circle Example

(x – x1)(x – x2) + (y – y1)(y – y2) = 0 Q. Find the equation of the circle of least
Where (x 1, y 1) & (x 2, y2) are diametrical radius passing through the points (2, 3),
opposite ends (3, 1).
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Q. Find equation of tangent to circle Q. The abscissa of 2 points ‘A’ and ‘B’ are
parallel to tangent x + y = 5, center is the roots of the equation x2 + 2x – 3 = 0
(1, 2). and the ordinate are the roots of the
equation y2 – 4y + 1 = 0.
Find the equation of circle with AB as
diameter.
Q. Find the equation of the circle which Q. Line y = mx + c cuts the curve y2 = 4ax
touches the lines x = 0, y = 0 and at A and B. Find the equation of circle
x=4? with AB as diameter.
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Q. If line y = x + c and y2 = 8x intersect Q. Find locus of point of intersection of
in A & B. Circle with AB as diameter x + 2y +  (x – 2y) = 0 and
passes through (0, 0) find c ? (x + y – 2) +  (x – 2) = 0
if these lines are always perpendicular
to each other.
INTERCEPT Angle between Line & Circle
Length of chord p
cos  =
r
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X-Intercept Y-Intercept
2
|x1 – x2| = 2 g  c |y1 – y2| = 2 f 2  c
(i) If g2 – c > 0 (i) If f 2 – c > 0
 circle cuts the x-axis at 2 distinct points.  circle cuts the y-axis at 2 distinct points
(ii) If g2 – c = 0 (ii) If f 2 = c
 circle touches the x-axis.  circle toluches the y-axis.
(iii) If g2 < c (iii) If f 2 < c
 circle lies completely above or below  circle lies completely either on right or
the x-axis. on left of y-axis.
Examples Q. Find the equation of the circle which

touches the coordinate axes and whose
Q. Find the equation of the circle which
radius = 5.
touches the +ve axis of y at a distance
of 4 units from origin and cuts off an
intercept of 6 units from the positive
axis.
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Q. Find the equation of a circle through Q. Find the equation of the locus of the
origin cutting off intercept equals to centre of a circle which touches the
unity on the lines y2 – x2 = 0. positive y-axis and having intercept
on x-axis equals to 2l.
Q. Find the equation of incircle and Q. Find  if length of intercept by line

circumcircle of the quadrilateral 3x – 4y +  = 0 on the circle
formed by the lines x = 0 & y = 0, x2 + y2 = 25 is of 8 unit.
x = 16, y = 16.
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Q. Find the equation of circle whose Q. Two rods whose lengths are 2a & 2b
centre is (5, 0) and touches the circle move along the rectangular axes (one on
x2 + y2 = 4. X-axis and other on Y-axis) in such a
way that their extremities are always
concyclic. Find the equation of the
locus of the centre of the circle.
Q. Find the equation to the circle which

passes through the points (1, – 2) and
(4, –3) and which has its centre on the
straight lines 3x + 4y = 7.
Q. Find the equation to the circle passing
through the point (0, a) and (b, h), and
having its centre on the axis of x.
Q. ABCD is a square whose side is a ;
S.L. Loney taking AB and AD as axes, prove that the
Assignment - 2 equation to the circle circumscribing
the square is,
x2 + y2 = a(x + y).
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Q. Find the equation to the circle which Q. Find the equation to the circle, of
passes through the origin and cuts off radius a, which passes through the two
intercepts equal to 3 and 4 from the points on the axis of x which are at
axes. a distance b from the origin.
Q. Find the equation to the circle passing
Find the equation to the circle which :
through the origin and the points (a, b)
Q. Touches each axis at a distance 5 from
and (b, a). Find the lengths of the chords
the origin.
that its cuts off from the axes.
Q. Touches each axis and is of radius a.
Q. Find the equation to the circle which
Q. Touches both axes and passes through
goes through the origin and cuts off
the point (–2, –3).
intercepts equal to h and k from the
Q. Touches the axis of x and passes
positive parts of the axes.
through the two points (1, – 2) and
(3, –4).
Q. Touches the axis of y at the origin and Q. If y = mx be the equations of a chord of

passes through the point (b, c). a circle whose radius is a, the origin of
Q. Touches the axis of x at a distance coordinates being one extremity of the
3 from the origin and intercepts a chord and the axis of x being a diameter
distance 6 on the axis of y. of the circle, prove that the equation of
Q. Points (1, 0) and (2, 0) are taken on the a circle of which this chord is the
axis of x, the axes being rectangular. diameter is,
On the line joining these points an (1 + m2)(x2 + y2) – 2a(x + my) = 0
equilateral triangle is described, its Q. Prove that the equation to the circle of
vertex being in the positive quadrant. which the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are
Find the equation to the circle described the ends of a chord of a segment
on its sides as diameters. containing an angle , is
(x – x1)(x – x2) + (y – y1)(y – y2)
±cot [(x – x1)(y – y2) – (x – x2)(y – y)1] = 0
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Q. Find the equations to the circles in which Position of A Points w.r.t. A Circle
the line joining the points (a, b) and
(b, – a) is a chord subtending an angle
of 45° at any point on its circumference.
Position of A Point w.r.t. A Circle Greatest and least distance of a

S1  Power of point point A(x1, y1)
x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c > 0
If S1 > 0  Point exterior of a circle
If S1 = 0  Point on circle
If S1 < 0  Point interior of circle.
Maximum distance = |AC + r| and

Minimum distance = |AC – r|
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Examples Q. S1 = x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y – 3 = 0
Q. If the join of (x1, y1) & (x2, y2) makes on S2 = x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y – 3 = 0
obtuse angle at (x3, y3) then prove that point (1, 2) lies
(x3 – x1)(x3 – x2) + (y3 – y1)(y3 – y2) < 0 (A) inside S1 = 0 an inside S2 = 0
(B) outside S1 = 0 an outside S2 = 0
(C) inside S1 = 0 an outside S2 = 0
(D) outside S1 = 0 an inside S2 = 0
Q. Find the minimum and maximum Q. Find minimum and maximum distance
distance between two points one lying between any point on circle x2 + y2 = 25
on the circle x2 + y2 = 144 and other & point (6, 8).
lying on (x – 15)2 + (y – 20)2 = 1
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Lines and A Circle Line and A Circle
(i) If p > r
Let L = 0 be a line and S = 0 be a circle. If ‘r’ is  line is neither secant nor tangent ;
the radius of the circle and ‘p’ is the length of passes outside the circle.
perpendicular from the centre on the line, then (ii) If p = r  line is tangent to the circle.
(iii) If p < r  line is a secant.
(iv) If p = 0 line is a diameter.
II Method Examples
Solve the line with the circle and if Q. For what value of ‘m’ the line
(i) D>0  line is a Secant 3x – my + 6 = 0 is tangent to the circle
(ii) D=0  line is a Tangent x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y – 3 = 0
(iii) D < 0  line passes outside the
circle.
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Q. Find k if line 3x + 4y = k touches the Q. Find the equation of T = 0 to circle
circle x2 + y2 – 10x = 0 x 2 + y 2 = 4 and parallel to line
x + 2y + 3 = 0
Q. Find radius of circle whose tangents are NOTE

6x + 8y + 26 = 0 (i) Number of tangents from external point
3x + 4y – 17 = 0 to circle is 2.
(ii) Number of tangents from interior point
to circle is 0.
(iii) If point is on periphery the number of
tangent is 1.
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Parametric Equation of A Circle NOTE
x = x1 + r cos  and y = y1 + r sin  If  is eliminated we get Cartesian form of a
x1, y1  fixed centre, r  fixed radius and circle
 [0, 2) is a parameter. i.e., (x – x1)2 + (y – y1)2 = r2.
Example Q. If x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y – 4 = 0 find max/min

value of 3x + 4y.
Q. x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y – 3 = 0 convert into
parametric form.
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Q. Find circumcentre of ABC, where Q. If A(cos , sin 1) ; B(cos , sin 2) ;
co-ordinates of C(cos , sin 3) are the vertices of the
ABC then, Find
  
A   2  cos ,3  sin  (i) centroid of ABC
 3 3
B (2 + cos , 3 + sin )
 4 4 
C   2  cos ,3  sin 
 3 3 
Q. If A(cos 1, sin 1) ; B(cos 2, sin 2) ; Q. If A(cos 1, sin 1) ; B(cos 2, sin 2) ;
C(cos 3, sin 3) are the vertices of the C(cos 3, sin 3) are the vertices of the
ABC then, Find ABC then, Find
(iii) circumcentre of ABC (iii) orthocentre of ABC
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Tangent Normal
Tangent is the limiting case of the secant as Normal is a line perpendicular to the tangent
the point B  A. passing through the point of tangency. In case
of circle normal always passes through centre.
Equation of the tangent drawn to the Cartesian Form

circle in the various forms
Tangent drawn to the circle
x 2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 at its point (x1, y1) is
xx1 + yy1 + g(x + x1) + f(y + y1) + c = 0
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Cartesian Form Example
2 2 2
Q. If equation of circle is x2 + y2 = 25.
If circle is x + y = a then equation of tangent Find equation of tangent at (3, 4).
is xx1 + yy1 = a2
Parametric form Slope form

x1  r cos  
 x2 + y2 = a2
y1  r sin  
Equation of the tangent is y = mx ± a 1  m 2
Equation of tangent is x cos  + y sin  = r
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NOTE Point of Tangency
For a unique value of m there will be 2
tangent which are parallel to each other.
Method - I Method - II
Step 1 Write equation of normal {  to T = 0
& passing through (–g, –f)}
Step 2 Intersection of N = 0, T = 0 is
coordinate of that point.
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Example Q. Find the equations of the tangents to
the circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y – 4 = 0
Q. Find point of tangency if equation which are
of tangent 3x + 4y = 50 to circle (i) perpendicular to the line 3x – 4y + 7 =0
x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y = 0
Q. Find the equations of the tangents to Q. Find the equation of the tangent to
the circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y – 4 = 0 the circle x2 + y2 = 4 drawn from the
which are point (2, 3).
(ii) parallel to the line 3x – 4y + 7 = 0
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Q. Find the equation of the tangent drawn Q. Find shortest distance between line
to the circle x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y – 3 = 0 3x + 4y = 25 and circle x2 + y2 – 6x + 8y = 0
from the point (7, 4) lying outside
the circle. Also find the point of
contact.
Q. If equation of tangent line on circle Q. Tangent is drawn from the point

x2 + y2 = 12 is y = x + 2 then Find P(4, 0) to the circle x2 + y2 = 8 touches
it at the point A in the 1st quadrant. Find
point of contact.
the coordinates of another point B on
the circle such that AB = 4.
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NOTE Example
Point of intersection of the tangent drawn to Q. Find the locus of the point of
the circle x2 + y2 = a2 at the point P() and Q() intersection of the pair of tangents
is drawn to a circle
P() (a cos , a sin ) x2 + y2 = a2 at P() and Q(),
Q() (a cos , a sin ) where | – | = 120°.
   
a cos a sin
2 2
h= ;k=
   
cos cos
2 2
NOTE Example
Equation of a chord line joining two points Q. In a ABC the equation of line
 and  on the x2 + y2 = a2 is BC  x – y = 0, O  (2, 3), H(5, 8).
      Find equation of circumcircle.
x cos + y sin = a cos
2 2 2
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Length of Tangent & Power of Example
a point
Q. Find length of tangent from (6, 8) to
“Length of the tangent from an external point
circle x2 + y2 = 25
(x1, y1) to a given circle”
S = x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
L1 = x12  y12  2gx1  2fy1  c  S1
5 Important Deduction Example

(i) Area of Quad PAOB = rL Q. Tangents PA & PB are drawn from
P(4, 3) to circle x2 + y2 = a2, Find
rL3
(ii) Area of PAB = 2 (a) PA
r  L2
2rL
(iii) Length of chord of contact AB =
r 2  L2
(iv) Angle 2 between the pair of tangent
 2rL 
2 = tan–1  2 2 
 L r 
(v) Equation of the circle circumscribing the
PAB. (x – x1)(x + g) + (y – y1)(y + f) = 0
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Q. Tangents PA & PB are drawn from Q. Tangents PA & PB are drawn from
P(4, 3) to circle x2 + y2 = a2, Find P(4, 3) to circle x2 + y2 = a2, Find
(b) Area of quadrilateral PAOB (c) AB
Q. Tangents PA & PB are drawn from Q. Tangents PA & PB are drawn from
P(4, 3) to circle x2 + y2 = a2, find P(4, 3) to circle x2 + y2 = a2, find
(d) Area PAB (e) APB
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Q. Tangents PA & PB are drawn from Q. Find the length of the tangent from any
P(4, 3) to circle x2 + y2 = a2, Find point on the circle x2 + y2 = 25 to the
(f) equation of circumcircle of PAB circle x2 + y2 = 16.
Q. Find the range of ‘p’ for which the Q. Find the locus of a point the
power of a point P(2, 5) is negative tangents from which to the circles
w.r.t. a circle x2 + y2 – 8x – 12y + p = 0 4x2 + 4y2 – 9 = 0 and 9x2 + 9y2 – 16 = 0
and the circle neither touches nor are in the ratio 3 : 4.
intersects the coordinates axis.
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Director Circle Examples
Locus of intersection of two mutually Q. Find the range of ‘a’ such that the angle
perpendicular tangents ‘’ between the pair of tangents
(x – )2 + (y – )2 = 2r2 drawn from the point (a, 0) to the circle

x2 + y2 = 4 satisfies <  < .
2
Chord in Terms of Mid Point Examples
T = S1 Q. Find mid point of the chord

2x – 5y + 18 = 0 of the circle
x2 + y2 – 6x + 2y – 54 = 0
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Q. Locus of the middle point of the chords Q. Find the equation to the locus of the
of the circles x2 + y2+2gx + 2fy + c = 0 middle point of the chord of the circle
which passes through a fixed point x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 which
(a, b) lying outside the circle. subtends right angle at a given point
(a, b).
Q. Tangents are drawn to a unit circle Q. Tangents are drawn to a unit circle with
with centre at origin from every point centre at origin from every point on the
on the line 2x + y = 4, prove that line 2x + y = 4, prove that
(i) Chord of contact passes through a (ii) Equation to the locus of the middle
fixed point. point of chord of contact.
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Q. Chord of contact of the tangent drawn Q. If the chord of contact of tangent
from a point on the circle x2 + y2 = a2 drawn from P to the circle x2 + y2 = a2
to the circle x2 + y2 = b2 touches the subtends a right angle at the centre,
circle x2 + y2 = c2. Prove that a, b, c find the locus of P.
are in G.P.
Pair of Tangents Examples

SS1 = T2 Q. Show that the equation to the pair of
where S  x2 + y2 – a2 ; S1  x12 + y12 – a2. tangents drawn from the origin to the
circle.
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is
(gx + fy)2 = c(x2 + y2)
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Q. Tangents are drawn to the circle Family of Circles
x2 + y2 = a2 from two points on the axis
of x, equidistant from the point (, 0).
Show that the locus of their
intersection is y2 = a2( – x).
Type - 1 Examples
Equation of the family of circles which passes Q. Find the equation of a circle which
through the points of intersection of two passes through the point of intersection
circles of
S1 = 0 and S2 = 0 is S1 = 0 and S2 = 0
S1 +  S2 = 0 ;  – 1 S1  x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y – 3 = 0
S2  x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y – 12 = 0
(i) Which passes through (0, 0).
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Examples Type - 2
Q. Find the equation of a circle which Equation of the family of circles passes through
passes through the point of intersection the point of intersection of a circles S = 0 and
of a line L = 0 is given by S + L = 0.
S1 = 0 and S2 = 0
S1  x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y – 3 = 0
S2  x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y – 12 = 0
(ii) Centre lies on x-axis or centre lies on
y-axis.
Modifying Type - 1 Using Type - 2 Examples
S1 + (S2 – S1) = 0 Q. Find the equation of a circle drawn on

the chord x cos  + y sin  = p of the
circle
x2 + y2 = a2 as its diameter.
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Q. Show that the equation Q. Find the equation of a circle which
x2 + y2 – 2x + y – 8 = 0 represents for passes through the point of contact of
different values of , a system of circles the tangents drawn from the origin to
passing through two fixed points A and the circle
B on the X-axis, and also find the x2 + y2 – 11x + 13y + 17 = 0
equation of that circle of the system the
tangent to which at A and B meet on the
line x + 2y + 5 = 0.
Type - 3 Equation of Circle Passing Through

(x1, y1), (x2, y2) in Diametrical Form
Equation of the family of circles passes through
two given points A(x1, y1) & B(x2, y2).
S + L = 0
S (x – x1)(x – x2) + (y – y1)(y – y2) = 0
l line in 2 point form
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Example Type - 4 (Point Circle)
Q. Find equation of circumcircle of  Equation of family of circles touching a line at
whose vertices are (1, 0), (2, 0), (3, 1). its fixed point (x1, y1) is
(x – x1)2 + (y – y1)2 +  L = 0
Examples Q. Find the equation of the circle which

passes through the point (–1, 2)
Q. Find the equation of a circle which & touches the circle x2+y2–8x + 6y = 0
touches the line 2x – y = 4 at the point at origin.
(1, –2) and passes through (3, 4).
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Q. Find equation of circle to when line Type - 5
4x + 3y = 10 is a common tangent at
(1, 2) and radius of each circle is 5. Equation of a circle passing through points of
intersection of lines l1, l2, l3 = 0 / equation of
circumcircle of ABC where equation of sides
are given
l1l2 + l2l3 + l3l1 = 0
NOTE Type - 6
To find  &  coefficient of x2 = coefficient Equation of a circle circumscribing a
of y2 & coefficient of xy = 0. quadrilateral whose sides in order are
represented by the line
l1 = 0 ; l2 = 0 ; l3 = 0 ; l4 = 0 is given by
l1l3 +  l2l4 = 0
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NOTE Common Tangents
To find  coefficient of x2 = cosfficient of y2 1. Direct Common Tangent (DCT)
& coefficient of xy = 0. (External Common Tangent)
2. Transverse Common Tangent (TCT)
(Internal Common Tangent)
Direct Common Tangent Transverse Common Tangent

The centres of both the circles lie on the same The centres of both the circles lie on the
side of the tangent line. opposite side of the tangent line.
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Length of DCT/TCT Equation of DCT/TCT
Lext = d 2  (r1  r2 ) 2
Lint = d 2  (r1  r2 ) 2
Position of Circles 1. If 2 circles are separated, then d > r1 + r2

(And Number of Common Tangents)
2 D.C.T.
4 common tangents
2 T.C.T.
2. If 2 circles touch externally then d = r1 + r2
2 D.C.T.
3 common tangents
1 T.C.T.
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3. If 2 circles touches internally then Example
d = |r 1 – r 2| one common tangent Q. Find the range of ‘r’ so that the circles :
(1 D.C.T.) (x – 1)2 + (y – 3)2 = r2 and
4. If 2 circles intersect each otehr then (x – 4)2 + (y – 1)2 = 9
|r2 – r1| < d < r1 – r2. intersects at 2 distinct points.
2 common tangent (2 D.C.T)
5. If d < |r1 – r2| no tangent.
Q. Find common tangent to the circles Q. Find the equation of the circles to which
x2 + y2 = 1 and (x – 1)2 + (y – 3)2 = 4 the line 4x + 3y = 10 is a common
tangent at (1, 2) and radius of each of
the circle is 5.
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Radical Axis Note That
Radical axis of 2 circles is the locus of a point (a) If two circles intersect, then the radical
whose powers w.r.t. the two circles are equal. axis is the common chord of the two
circles.
The equation of radical axis of two circles (b) If two circles touch each other then the
S1 = 0 and S2 = 0 is given by radical axis is the common tangent
S1 – S2 = 0 of the two circles at the common point
of contact.
(c) Radical axis is always perpendicular
to the line joining the centres of the
two circles.
Note That Examples
(d) Radical axis need not always pass Q. Show that the equation of a straight
through the mid point of the line line meeting the circle x2 + y2 = a2 in
joining the centres of the two circles. 2 points at equal distance ‘d’ from
(e) Radical axis bisects a common tangent the point (x1, y1) on its circumference
between the two circles. is
(f) If one circle is contained in another
2
d2
circle when radical axis passes outside xx1 + yy1 – a + =0
2
to both the circles.
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Q. Prove that the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy Q. Tangent are drawn to the circle
+ c = 0 will bisect circumference of the x2 + y2 = 12 at the points where it is met
circle x2 + y2 + 2g'x + 2f 'y + c' = 0 by the circle x2 + y2 – 5x + 3y – 2 = 0.
if 2g'(g – g') + 2f '(f – f ') = c – c'. Find the point of intersection of the
tangent.
Q. Find the equation of a circle which Q. Find the locus of the centre of circles
bisects the circumferences of the which bisect the circumference of the
circles circles
x2 + y2 = 1, x2 + y2 + 2x = 3 and x2 + y2 = 4 and x2 + y2 – 2x + 6y + 1 = 0.
x2 + y2 + 2y = 3.
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Q. Find the equation of the circle which Radical Centre
bisects the circumference of the circle Point of intersection of the radical axis of
x2 + y2 + 2y – 3 = 0 and touches the line 3 circles taken 2 at a time is called the
x – y = 0 at origin. Radical Centre.
NOTE Coaxial System of Circles

Radical axis taken 2 at a time will be concurred Definition : A system of circles, every 2 of
at a point which have the same radical axis, is called
Coaxial system of circles.
Radical centre of three circles described on
sides of a  as diameter is orthocenter of the
.
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Example Q. From a point P tangents drawn to the
circles x2 + y2 + x – 3 = 0 ; 3x2 + 3y2 –
Q. Find the equation of the circle passes
5x + 3y = 0 and 4x2 + 4y2 + 8x + 7y + 9
through (1, 1) belonging to the
= 0 are of equal length. Find the
system of coaxial circles which
equation of the circle passes through
touches x2 + y2 = 8 at (2, 2).
P and which touches the line x + y = 5
at (6, – 1).
Orthogonality of Two Circles Angle Between Two Curve

Two curves are said to be orthogonal if angle
between them is 90° at point of intersection.
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NOTE Condition for Orthogonality of 2 Circles
Line is tangent to itself 2g1 g2 + 2f1 f2 = c1 + c2
Examples Q. Prove that locus of the centre of a

variable circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c =
Q. The circle x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y + 1 = 0 0 which cuts the 2 gives circles x2 + y2
& line x = 0, y = 0 orthogonally. Find + 2g1x + 2f1y = 0 and x2 + y2 + 2g2 +
the equation of circle. 2f2y + c = 0 orthogonally is the radical
axis of 2 given circles.
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Q. If the circles, S1 : x2 + y2 + 2x + 2ky + 6 S.L. Loney
= 0 and S2 = x2 + y2 + 2kx + k = 0 Assignment - 3
intersects orthogonally then find k.
Write down the equation of the tangent to the Q. Prove that the straight line y = x + 2
circle.
touches the circle x2 + y2 = c2 and find
Q. x2 + y2 – 3x + 10y = 15 at the point
its point of contact.
(4, 11).
Q. Find the condition that the straight line
Q. 4x2 + 4y2 – 10x + 24y = 117 at the point
cx – by + b2 = 0 may touch the circle
 11  x2 + y2 = ax + by and find the point of
 4,   . correct.
 2
Q. Find whether the straigth line x + y = 2
Find the equations to the tangents to the circle. + 2 touches the circle x2 + y2 – 2x –
Q. x2 + y2 = 4 which are parallel to the line 2y + 1 = 0.
x + 2y + 3 = 0.
Q. x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 which are
parallel to the lines x + 2y – 6 = 0.
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Q. Find the condition that the straight Q. Find the equation to the tangent to the
line 3x + 4y = k may touch the circle circle x2 + y2 = a2 which,
x2 + y2 = 10x. (i) is parallel to the straight line
Q. Find the value of p so that the straight y = mx + c,
line, x cos + y sin  – p = 0 (ii) is perpendicular to the straight line
may touch the circle y = mx + c
x2 + y2 – 2ax cos  – 2by sin  – a2 sin2 (iii) passes through the point (b, 0).
=0 (iv) makes with the axes a triangle whose
Q. Find the conditions that the straight line area is a2.
Ax + By + C = 0 may touch the circle
(x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = c2.
Q. Find the length of the chord joining Q. Find the equation of the straight lines
the points in which the straight line, joining the origin to the points in which
x y the straight line y = mx + c cuts the
 1 circle,
a b
x2 + y2 = 2ax + 2by
Meets the circle, x2 + y2 = r2.
Hence, find the condition that these
Q. Find the equation to the circle which points may be subtend a right angle at
pass through the origin and cut off the origin.
equal chords a from the straight lines y Find also the condition that the
= x and y = – x. straigth line may touch the circle.
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Find the equation to the circle which : Q. Find the general equation of a circle
Q. Has its centre at the point (3, 4) and referred to two perpendicular tangents
touches the straight line, 5x + 12y = 1. as axes.
Q. Touches the axes of coordinates and Q. Find the equation to a circle of radius
x y r which touches the axis of y at a point
also the line   1 the centre being distant h from the origin, the centre of
a b
the circle being in the positive quadrant.
in the positive quadrant.
Prove also that the equation to the other
Q. Has its centre at the point (1, – 3) and
tangent which passes through the
touches the straight line, 2x – y – 4 = 0.
origin, is
(r2 – h2) x + 2rhy = 0
Q. Find the equation to the circle whose

centre is at the point () and which
passes through the origin, and prove that
the equation of the tangent at the origin
is x + y = 0
Q. A circle passes through the points
(–1, 1), (0, 6) and (5, 5). Find the
points on this circle the tangent at which
are parallel to the straight line joining
the origin to its centre.
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Maths IIT-JEE MC SIR

CIRCLE Basic Geometry with Circles

5. The sum of the opposite angles of a 6. If two chords of a circle intersect

9. The tangents at the extremities of a Definition of Circle

Examples Q. Find equation of circle whose radius

Nature of Circle Examples

x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 Q. Find the equation of the circle passing

Q. Find the equation of circle whose S.L. Loney

Find the coordinates of the centres and the

Diametrical Form of Circle Example

INTERCEPT Angle between Line & Circle

Examples Q. Find the equation of the circle which

Q. Find the equation of incircle and Q. Find  if length of intercept by line

Q. Find the equation to the circle which

Q. Touches the axis of y at the origin and Q. If y = mx be the equations of a chord of

Position of A Point w.r.t. A Circle Greatest and least distance of a

Maximum distance = |AC + r| and

Q. Find radius of circle whose tangents are NOTE

Example Q. If x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y – 4 = 0 find max/min

Equation of the tangent drawn to the Cartesian Form

Parametric form Slope form

Q. If equation of tangent line on circle Q. Tangent is drawn from the point

L1 = x12  y12  2gx1  2fy1  c  S1

5 Important Deduction Example

Chord in Terms of Mid Point Examples

T = S1 Q. Find mid point of the chord

Pair of Tangents Examples

Modifying Type - 1 Using Type - 2 Examples

S1 + (S2 – S1) = 0 Q. Find the equation of a circle drawn on

Type - 3 Equation of Circle Passing Through

Examples Q. Find the equation of the circle which

Direct Common Tangent Transverse Common Tangent

Position of Circles 1. If 2 circles are separated, then d > r1 + r2

2. If 2 circles touch externally then d = r1 + r2

Note That Examples

NOTE Coaxial System of Circles

Orthogonality of Two Circles Angle Between Two Curve

Examples Q. Prove that locus of the centre of a

Q. Find the equation to the circle whose

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