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Unit-III

Application of Partial Differential Equation

1. B 2  4 AC  0  elliptic eg : u xx  u yy  0 (laplace equation)

2. B 2  4 AC  0  Parabolic eg : 2 u xx  ut 1  D (heat flow equation)

3.B 2  4 AC  0  Hyperbolic eg :  2 u xx  utt 1  D (Wave equation)

Equation Possible solutions
ytt   2 y xx  
y ( x, t )  Ae x  Be x Ce at  De at 
Wave Equation:
where  2 
T Tension
 y ( x, t )   A cos x  B sin x C cos at  D sin at 
M Mass y ( x, t )   Ax  B Ct  D 
1-D heat equations are y  x, t    Ax  B C
yt    
2 22t
y where y ( x, t )  Ae x  Be x Ce 
xx
k
y ( x, t )   A cos x  B sin x  Ce 
22
2  t
pc
Thermal conductivity

density of the material specific heat
Two dimensional heat flow equation (plate), u ( x, y )  ( Ae x  Be  x ) (C cos y  D sin y )
In steady state 2-D heat equation is
u ( x, y )  ( A cos x  B sin x) (Ce y  D e y )
u xx  u yy  0
u ( x, y )  ( Ax  B) (Cy  D)

ONE DIMENSIONAL WAVE EQUATION

S.
Most general
N Equation Boundary conditions Correct Solution
solution
O
i)

i ) y (0, t )  0 forall t y ( x, t )  y ( x, t ) 
ii ) y (l , t )  0 forall t  A cos x  B sin x  
nx nat
Displacem
y ( x,0) C cos at  D sin at  b n sin
l
cos
l
ent given iii) 0 n 1

t
ytt  a 2 y xx iv) y ( x,0)  f ( x )
1 i)

i ) y (0, t )  0 forall t y ( x, t )  y ( x, t ) 
Initial ii) y (l , t )  0 forall t  A cos x  B sin x  
nx nat
velocity iii) y ( x,0)  0 C cos at  D sin at  b
n 1
n sin
l
sin
l
given y ( x,0)
iv)  f ( x)
t

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ONE DIMENSIONAL HEAT EQUATION

S.
N Equation Boundary conditions Correct Solution Most general solution
O
A and i ) y (0, t )  0 forall t  0
y ( x, t )  y ( x, t ) 
B are ii) y (l , t )  0 forall t  0
at zero i)
iii) y ( x,0)  f ( x )
 A cos x  B sin x  
nx
 2 n 2 2 t

temper e  t
2 2

n 1
bn sin
l
e l2

ature
y t   2 y xx A at
i)

i ) y (0, t )  0 forall t  0
1
zero ii ) y (l , t )  0 forall t  0
y ( x, t )  y ( x, t ) 
temper iii) y ( x,0)  0  A cos x  B sin x  
nx
 2 n 2 2 t

ature. iv)
y ( x,0)
t
 f ( x)
e  t
2 2

n 1
bn sin
l
e l2

B is at
non
zero
temper
ature - SQUARE PLATE
k
S.
N Equation Boundary conditions Correct Solution Most general solution
o
i ) u (0, y )  0
u ( x, y )  u ( x, y ) 
Upper ii ) u ( a, y )  0
1 horizontal edge iii) u ( x,0)  0
 A cos x  B sin x   nx ny
 bn sin sinh
(y=a) i)
iv)u ( x, a )  f ( x ) (Ce  y  De  y ) n 1 a a

u ( x, y )  u ( x, y ) 
i)

i ) u (0, y )  0
Lower
ii ) u ( a, y )  0  A cos x  B sin x   nx ny
2 horizontal edge  bn sin sinh
(y=0) iii) u ( x, a )  0 (Ce  y  De  y ) n 1 a a
iv)u ( x,0)  f ( x )

i ) u ( x ,0 )  0
u ( x, y )  u ( x, y ) 
ii ) u ( x, a )  0
iii) u (0, y )  0
 A cos y  B sin y   ny nx
3 Vertical edge  bn sin sinh
iv)u ( a, y )  f ( y ) (Ce  x  De  x ) n 1 a a

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RECTANGULAR PLATE

FINITE
S
.
Equation Boundary conditions Correct Solution Most general solution
N
O
i ) u (0, y )  0
u ( x, y )  u ( x, y ) 
Upper ii ) u ( a, y )  0
1 horizontal edge iii) u ( x,0)  0
 A cos x  B sin x   nx ny
 bn sin sinh
(y=b) i)
iv)u ( x, b)  f ( x ) (Ce  y  De  y ) n 1 a b

u ( x, y )  u ( x, y ) 
i)

i ) u (0, y )  0
Lower
ii ) u ( a, y )  0  A cos x  B sin x   nx
 ny
2 horizontal edge  bn sin e a
(y=0) iii) u ( x, b)  0 (Ce  y  De  y ) n1 a
iv)u ( x,0)  f ( x ) 2 ny 2 ny
(e a e a )
i ) u ( x,0)  0
u ( x, y )  u ( x, y ) 
ii ) u ( x, b)  0
iii) u (0, y )  0
 A cos y  B sin y   nx ny
3 Vertical edge  bn sin sinh
iv)u ( a, y )  f ( y ) (Ce  x  De  x ) n 1 a b

INFINITE
S
.
Equation Boundary conditions Correct Solution Most general solution
N
O
i ) u (0, y )  0
u ( x, y )  u ( x, y ) 
4 ii) u (l , y )  0
Horizontal
iii) u ( x, )  0
 A cos x  B sin x   nx
 ny
 bn sin e l
infinite plate i)
iv)u ( x,0)  f ( x ) (Ce  y  De  y ) n 1 l

i ) u ( x,0)  0
u ( x, y )  u ( x, y ) 
ii ) u ( x, l )  0
Vertical iii) u (, y )  0
 A cos y  B sin y   ny
 nx
5  bn sin e l
infinite plate i)
iv)u (0, y )  f ( y ) (Ce x  De  x ) n 1 l

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