[Date] ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE
ADOPTION OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE IN AGRICULTURE

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ABSTRACT:

Agribusiness is confronting significant difficulties. Expanding the all out creation by 70% so as
to suit the worlds' interest in the following 50 years is a goal jeopardized by constrained assets,
climatic changes and other present moment and provincial dangers. Artificial Intelligence is
viewed as increasingly more as an answer for these difficulties. Some expert’s opinion
suggesting that humanity is going to merge with Artificial Technology in the next 50 years, as
this problem is going to surpassed by using this technology. A large number of people have no
passage yet to key resources like sustenance, water and shelter. This study outlines the
applicability of computer vision in precision agriculture and IOT in agriculture and many
models which helps in precision farming.

INTRODUCTION:

Agriculture revolution started before 12,000 years ago humans were doing farming with their
hand and with the help of their animals, 200 years ago Industrial Revolution came and
industrialization replaced the animals with tractors which helps people to grow crops more
with less effort. Now, the next evolution it is artificial intelligence software that can drive better
the new ones machines. It helps to drive machines more efficiently and cheaply than humans
algorithms which can give better logical ways in decision making. The utility of machine vision
in agriculture has elevated considerably in recent years. There are many fields in which pc
vision is concerned, including terrestrial and aerial mapping of natural resources, crop tracking,
precision agriculture, robotics, computerized guidance, non-unfavorable inspection of product
residences, satisfactory control and category on processing lines and, in widespread, technique
automation. This wide range of applications is a result of the truth that system vision provide
considerable quantities of records about the character and attributes of the items found in a
scene.

Precision agriculture has created a technology revolution in production agriculture. It is not

unusual to locate integrate harvesters with on-board facts series systems for mapping yield
and moisture content material of harvested crop.
The agricultural gadget enterprise is transferring in the direction of controller location
networks for agricultural device conversation systems. These are simple elements that have
led to accelerated opportunity for automation of agricultural guidance.
LITEERATURE SURVEY:

Global population is
expected to reach more
than nine billion by 2050
which will require an
increase in agricultural
production by 70% in
order to fulfil the
demand.
Global population is
expected to reach more
than nine billion by 2050
which will require an
increase in agricultural
production by 70% in
order to fulfil the
demand.
Global population is
expected to reach more
than nine billion by 2050
which will require an
increase in agricultural
production by 70% in
order to fulfil the
demand.
Global population is
expected to reach more
than nine billion by 2050
which will require an
increase in agricultural
production by 70% in
order to fulfil the
demand.
Global population is
expected to reach more
than nine billion by 2050
which will require an
increase in agricultural
production by 70% in
order to fulfil the
demand.
Global population is
expected to reach more
than nine billion by 2050
which will require an
increase in agricultural
production by 70% in
order to fulfil the
demand.
Global population is predicted to succeed in quite 9 billion by 2050 which can need a rise in
agricultural production by 70% so as to meet the demand [ CITATION Pan181 \l 1033 ]. Over the
past 50 years, there has been a sustainable development in Artificial Intelligence thanks to its
robustness within the application and is pervasive in each field. One such field is
agriculture[ CITATION Kir19 \l 1033 ].

The insufficiency & increasing labour prices, raising value of cultivation and crop failures
associated with unpredictable yield due to diseases, failure in rain, environmental condition
variations and loss of soil fertility, unsteady market value in agriculture commodities has
created important negative impact on the socio-economic standing on this backbone
population[ CITATION Pan181 \l 1033 ].

Agriculture faces several challenges on a day to day and isn't swish running business. a number
of the pith issues faced by farmers from seed sowing to gathering of crops are as follows:

1.Crop diseases infestations

2.Lack of storage management.

3.Pesticide control

4.Weed management

5.Lack of irrigation and drainage facilities.

Using computing we will develop good farming practices to minimize loss of farmers and
supply them with high yield. Using artificial intelligence platforms, one will gather giant
quantity of information from government and public websites or real time watching of varied
data is additionally doable by using IoT (Internet of Things) so may be analysed with accuracy
to modify the farmers for addressing all the unsure problems faced by farmers within the
agriculture sector[ CITATION Pan181 \l 1033 ] . In the future, a farmer’s skills can progressively be a
mixture of technology and biology skills instead of pure agricultural.
First it discusses penetration of machine vision in precision agriculture finally it covers
automation and IOT within the agriculture.

MACHINE VISION TECHNOLOGY:

Machine vision technology has the potential to become vital to the agricultural business. the
utilization of machine vision technology for land-based and aerial-based remote sensing for
natural resources assessments, exactitude farming,post harvest product quality and safety
detection, classification and sorting, and process automation could become routine operations
within the close to future(Y.-R. Chen et al.,2002).

Advances in machine vision technology can build vision systems correct, robust, and low price.
A period operational demand will be met with a high-speed computer and a frame
disagreeable person. The image acquisition board receives imaging knowledge from a camera,
performs some process, and stores the image. It will communicate with the host laptop at a
speed of 132 Mbytes/second over the PCI bus. These speeds and also the knowledge transfer
rate are quick enough to fulfill the period wants generally encountered in agricultural
applications.

vision-based guidance system for steering a tractor through row crops started
developing(Reid 1987). Infrared pictures were accustomed phase row crops into crop and soil
using a Thomas Bayes classifier to segment every image. Segmented pictures were processed
to supply sets of points representing crop row centers using run-length encoding and marking
the middle picture of every run image.

In order to totally apply machine vision technology, the vision systems for agricultural
applications can take full advantage of the actual fact that vegetation, foods, and agricultural
merchandise are biological materials; so, the variations within the characteristics of sunshine
absorption of the agricultural materials are important. A hyper spectral imaging technique
combines the benefits of spectroscopic analysis and imaging. This technology ought to notice
several potential applications within the agricultural industry.

Hyper spectral imaging systems are often accustomed realize optimum bands and develop
algorithms for several food commodities. With outlined optimum bands, they can be enforced
during a common aperture multi spectral imaging system for on-line or real-time applications.

GROWTH DRIVEN BY INTERNET OF THINGS:

IoT technologies permit correlations of structured and unstructured information to supply

insights into food production. Huge volumes of information get generated everyday in each
structured and unstructured format. These relate to information on historical weather pattern,
soil reports, new analysis, rainfall, pest infestation, pictures from Drones and cameras so on.
psychological feature IoT solutions will sense all this information and give sturdy insights to
enhance yield. Proximity Sensing and Remote Sensing are two technologies that are primarily
used for intelligent information fusion. One use case of this high-resolution information is Soil
Testing. whereas remote sensing needs sensors to be designed into mobile or satellite
systems, proximity sensing needs sensors to bear with soil or at a awfully shut vary. This helps
in soil characterization supported the soil below the surface during a explicit place. Hardware
solutions like mechanism (pertaining to corns) are already pairing data-collecting software
package with artificial intelligence to organize the most effective fertilizer for growing corns
additionally to different activities to maximize output.
The IoT enabled sensors would like to be put in within the field at the prescribed locations.
These sensors are the transducers that collect the information on climatical condition, soil
wetness & fertility, root & shoot growth; profused leaves growth, photo-period observance,
floral & seed setting, grain/fruit bearing, blighter & deceases as vital growth factors symptoms
and harvest readiness.
The IoT device includes the electrical device that probes the numerous parameters of
atmosphere and crop mentioned on top of. It may be mounted on protected mini board with
WiFi device, small controller, low price VGA image sensing element, mini battery powered with
small solar array. The information may be collected at required time intervals either by putting
in WiFi active hot spot towers as needed for entire field coverage. instead, drones with active
WiFi hot spot may also be used to scan and collect information from IoT devices still on capture
elevated pictures of the complete field (Shiravale and Bhagat, 2014)..
Based on multiple parameters like soil condition, weather forecast, kind of seeds and
infestation in a very bound space then on, psychological feature solutions create
recommendations to farmers on the best selection of crops and hybrid seeds. The
recommendation will be more customized primarily based on the farm’s demand, native
conditions and information concerning fortunate farming within the past .External factors like
marketplace trends, costs or client desires may be factored into modify farmers take a
sophisticated call.