-  

  Gender Roles: 

3rd Quarter 
- Societal and social roles given 
and expected from one sex 
- Patriarchy​; social system where 

Reviewer   men​ are in the h

​ ighest position of 
power​ and are in leadership roles 
- Matriarchy​; social system where 

Social studies 10:  women​ are at the h

​ ighest 
positions of power. 
Contemporary issues 
- Gender Socialization​: the way 
children learn gender roles​ and is 
SOGIE Spectrum:  influenced by their peers, parents, 

- Sexual orientation, Gender  teachers, and society. 

identity, and expression  - Gender pay gap*​: ​women have a 
- Sex​ is based on reproductive  lower mean income​ when 
organs, chromosomes and or  compared to their male 
seconadry sex characteristics  counterparts. 

- Sexual Orientation​ is sexual and 

Gender Roles in Africa and 
or romantic attraction towards 
the same or opposite sex  Southwestern Asia 
- Gender​ is a social construct, 
1. Female Genital Mutilation 
based on identity and or 
- Done for purity and 
expression 
tradition. 
2. Child Marriage 
- Done for poverty, dowry, 
-   and tradition. 
3. Dowry 
- Done for tradition. 
 

 
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Gender Roles in the  - Women in northern africa and 

west Asia are typically not 
Philippines 
allowed to receive an education 
1. Pre-colonial era  - foot binding in China 
- Women are mostly equal  - Breast ironing or breast flattening 
to men with some  in Cameroon. 
exceptions like marital  - objectification 
rights. 
Discrimination against men 
2. Colonial era 
- The traditional female  - Misandry; discrimination against 
homemaker; male  men 
breadwinner.  - Societal expectations 
3. Commonwealth era  - Disposability of men (see military 
- Modern western liberal  draft) 
ideas on gender roles and 
stereotypes.  Discrimination against 
4. Japanese occupation  queer people 
- Women are forced into 
sexual slavery  - Employment/Admision 
5. Present day  discrimination (denied 
- More equality and moving  employment) 
more toward a more equal  - Bullying 
society  - Verbal and or physical abuse 

Discrimination based on  Solutions to 

gender and sexuality:  Discrimination based on 
- Discrimination based on gender  gender and sexuality: 
and sexuality; exclusion and or  Yogyakarta Principles 
restriction based upon a person’s 
gender and sexuality.  - Universal entitlement to human 
rights 
Discrimination against  - Equal rights and freedom from 
women  discrimination 

 
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- The usual human rights duh but  - Examples include the 
applied to queer people lmao  minimum wage and public 
- See:  education 
https://tgeu.org/yogyakarta-princ 2. Constitutional rights; 
iples/   - Given rights based on the 
constitution 
CEDAW:   - Supreme law of the land 
Convention on the elimination of  - Voidable through 
discrimination against women  amendments 

See:  Rights: 
https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionali
nterest/pages/cedaw.aspx   1. Civil rights 
- Right to life, freedom, 
property, and equality 
Human rights:  under the law. 
_ Rights that someone has simply for  - Right to pursue individual 
being a human  happiness under the law. 
2. Political Rights 
Examples:   - Freedom to join the 

Rights to…  political process; suffrage 

and running for political 
- Life  office. 
- Seek security  3. Economic Rights 
- Speech  - Right to work and earn 
- Education  money to buy and sell 
- Religious belief or lack thereof  products and services. 
4. Cultural rights 
Natural Human Rights 
- Right to preserve and 
- Inalienable, invoidable right. All  practice cultural practices 
are entitled to these rights  to preserve an ethnic 
group’s identity. 
Rights under the law  5. Right of the accused 
- Right to protection for 
1. Statutory rights: 
people accused of any 
- Rights given by lawmakers 
crime. 

 
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Violations of human rights 

1. Physical   
- Assault 
- Rape    
- Murder 
 
2. Psychological 
- Verbal abuse 
- Mental abuse 
- bullying 
3. Systematic 
- Unfair and or preferential 
treatment of one group 
over another. 

UDHR: Universal 
Declaration of Human 
Rights 
- December 10 1948 
- Governments that recognize the 
treaty are obligated to enforce 
the UDHR 
- Eleanor Roosevelt 
- Contains 20 articles 
- See: 
https://www.un.org/en/universal-
declaration-human-rights/