Byjaqun Vsannmesuh Becna Paguh Hoo Bpuo says noceSuo Mecro y pasbojy upi- ppene y CpOuj, kao wajsehn pysHiK cpe6pa Ha npocropy uewrpanuor Banxaua y epejibem BeKy. Onaj pyHuk je samo4eo ca payjom y mpaHMt jeueHt- jawa XIV pexa, na Gu ach cpequnion cromicha cna- ao Meby Hajaaxunije pyzapexe newrpe y CpOujn. Tloxymenr 13 jaryapa 1326. ropsme, Kojum xpam Crean Ypour III Jlevanicen oOaneurraza AYOPORAYKOr KHeIa O HMMpeHON AYrY saKYMA ‘qpra y Hosom pay, caipXH mpsi MOMeH OBOr Meera H ogaTax 0 H3naBaiky Hberone HapaMe TOA, saxynl. MicrospeMeHo, o#¢ BECTH XPOHONIOLIKE ja- cHo ompezemyjy nocrojaise m pay HOROGPICKOr PYAHHKa y BpeMe BajasuHe Kpama MunyrHia, ajxacunje xo 1321. ronuae.! Tlovenm excriioaranuje epeGpre pyze Moran On ce ReaarH 3a HeMauKe pysape Cace, tuHje ce upicycrao Genexku y pyAumiama KonaoHHuKor kpaja, orsopeHi Henocpeano npe Hoxor Bpxa? Kana je y nuraby HOBOOpACKH WeHTap, OcKyHHH nojanit ¢ kpaja XIV pexa mpe cera cy Becrit 0 0 crojamy cackor jesrpa y weMy, 0 KoMe cseyo¥e uMevia smya Koja Ou Morma OurH MeMasKor TlOpe- xa m Koja cy 9a apeme cuor Gopaska y Hoom Bp- Ay Ocrasiuia Tpar y weroBoj TproBaXiKoj mt 3anaT~ ckoj JenaTHOCTH, EpKeHo} opranusaitnjis H rpai- ccom ypehersy.? Kao i y pyri pyaapeKum yeH- ‘punta, Cacu cy ce y Hoos Bpaty nojasivm y nene- sinKoM Opojy, mpe csera Kao crpysisauid, 0 YeMy TouopH HeMauKa pyRapcKa TepMMHoTOrHja, Sap- 2kala “tak Hy TypeKo BpeMe.! Ox he ce BpeMexont nosybu npeyl ZoMahun cranopHiirTBoM Koje je c WHXOBIM JONACKOM MOYeTO Za ce GaBit pysap- erpout, H3 perona ontx oOHHIX pyAApa, PYTINHKA, oako he ce W3{ROjATH NOSHATH HOBOGPACKH Maj- cropit koje he 360r seHxOBOF HexycrBa NosHBATH Ha a y pygapcke newmpe m san Cponfje.S Benuka komma HosoGpycxor pyqHor 6mara = anata, o110Ba, a pe cera cpeGpa ~ nojeraKma je BeoMa unvexauBHy pygapcKy seaTHOCT, Koja ‘he Tpajaru cBe qo XVII croneha. MuoroGpojita cy Kosuuta cpickor cpeHOBeKOBHOr HOB y Hozom Bpzy enenomanicrna o HyReHOM HOBOOPICKOM raMcKoM cpebpy. Cra ora ropope 0 cpeOpy Koje y ce6u ca- PAU wat, aGor vera je HeroBA YeHA y OAHIOCY wa OOWYHO cpeGpo Guia sHarHo Beha. Tope; TmaMckor cpeOpa, JOKYMeHTH NOMMSY jou! jenaN HOBOOPACKH MPOHIBON, ,T1HKO cpe6po" Koje je upeyerapmano Henpeumheno cpedpo ca secro ‘MaibuM TIpowentom araTa.5 Saxnaryjyhmt cpeOpHoj pyau, seh on cpemune XIV nexa Hono Bpao say3iiaa wosuuujy Haj3Ha- ‘uajanjer pyzapexor newtpa y Cpu. ¥ 080 npe- Me OW Mpencramma jenaH ON TIaBHHtx pynEmKa a- pa Jlyniana, yo Kora je panama H KoBHIMa HOBTa. Vaako je mppit nomen HoBYaKNX eMHCiKja HS HOBO- SpycKe KoBHHNe TIO UMeHOM grossi de Nowaherda aaGenexen Tex 1350. rosie,’ weHo Hocrojame 1 pall cHrypHo ce Mory noMepuTH y Kojy roamny, a Moxa H Kojy neueHujy npe.s Ha ro Gu Morne ya ynyre 3HaTHe KOMHIHHE HOBOGpscKOr cpeGpa Koje jour y mproj romopanut XIV Beka uap Fiyuran ye hyje Ban Tepuropuje CpOuje, kao noxaoM xuaan- napekom manactupy 1348, route? nu Kao BaKart n3ROsHH MpoHSBOy, To je ynpawo pasnor Koj he y ‘080 Noa MpHByhit Gpojue rprobue #3 [y6poBun- xan Koropa y HonoGpsickn uestTap. Hexat on winx, xao Gpaha Petrus n Franciscus de Sabe, Ouau cy 3a uswecho Bpeme (1334. rome) saxynum HoBOGpH- eke napunte wun, Kao Jynnje Byxacopuh (1333. ro- june) 1 Annpuja Copxouennh (1336, rome), 10- cpemauum y nposajH HoRoSpacKor cpe6pa Bexeun- jul? Hoso6pxcko cpe6po Hanosim cy nojemme Y MARGIN KONUUUHANA THMHO HH cy Ta TOBepaBa- su egojuim enyrama. Kana cy Owxe y nuzasy sehe Kou, BuUIe Tpronaa Gut ce yjejHHILTO pas GeaGenuujer goupemarsa y TySpopsnk. ‘AKo ce yane y osmp Koma cpe6pa on HO- BOOPHCKe Wapue KOje cy NNaJApH HOKaHATH ManlacTupusa camo y ToKY jene TonMHe, MOXe ce carnefati KOMMKa je Guna npoussopiba cpe6pue pynle y speme Hajueher ycnoua konoSpacxor tpra Knes JTasap gapyje Pasawmu 150, XvuanapySerbian Mediaeval Mint at Novo Brdo As the biggest mediaeval silver mine in the terti- tory of the Central Balkans, Novo Brdo occupies a special place in the development of economy in Serbia. That mine began its work in the first decades of the XIV century, as early as in the middle of the century to be one of the most important mining centres in Serbia. A document dated January, 1326, in which King Stefan Uro8 IIT of De@ani informs the duke of Dubrovnik of the payment of rent by the tenant of the market place at the settlement of Novo Brdo, contains the first mention of this locality and information about the renting out of its customs. AL the same time these data give a clear chrono- logical determination of the existence and func- tioning of the Novo Brdo mine, placing it within the reign of King Milutin, by 1321 at the latest. The beginnings of exploitation of the silver ore could be connected with the German miners called “Sasi” in Serbian, whose presence was noti- fied at the mines of Mt. Kopaonik region, that were opened just before the Novo Brdo one? As far as the mining centre of Novo Brdo is con- comed, there are scarce pieces of information dat- ing late XTV century, primarily about the exis- tence of the Saxon ethnic group in it, indicated by personal names that could be of German origin. During their stay at Novo Brdo those people left their traces in its trading and crafts, and in its church and town organization. Like they did in other mining centres, the Saxons showed up in a small number, in the first place as experts, which is indicated by German terminology, that was maintained even during the period of the Turkish rule.‘ As time passed they withdrew as the native population gradually got involved in mining, thanks to their activities. From among the ordi- nary miners, those digging in pits, in time famous Novo Brdo masters would stand out, thanks to their experience later to be often invited to work in mining centres out of Serbia.S Vujadin IvaniSevi¢, Vesna Radié The large quantities at Novo Brdo ore deposits — gold, lead, and in the first place silver = encouraged a very intensive mining activity which lasted all the time until the XVII century. There are numerous testimonies of the famous “argentum de glama” silver of Novo Brdo. They are all about the silver that also contains gold, which makes its price much higher than that of ordinary silver. There is also a mention of anoth- er product of Novo Brdo, “de fineza de plic which was unpurified silver, with smaller per- centages of gold.6 ‘Thanks to the silver ore, from as early as the mid XIV century Novo Brdo was one of the most important mining centres in Serbia, At that time it was one of Czar Dusan’s main mines, which also included the mint. Although the first men- tion of coin issues from the Novo Brdo mint was recorded as late as in 1350,” termed grossi de Nouaberda, its existence and work can certainly be dated a few years, or even decades, earlier $ That could be indicated by large quantities of the Novo Brdo silver even before the mid XIV cen- tury, sent out of Serbia by Czar Dugan either as a gift to the monastery of Chilandar in 1348 or as an important export product. That was exact- ly why numerous merchants from Dubrovnik and Kotor were attracted into the area of Novo Brdo at that time. Some of them, like brothers Petrus and Franciscus de Sabe, wore for a while (1334) tenants of the Novo Brdo customs, or like Junius Vukasovi¢ (1333) and Andrija Sorkoéevié (1336) mediators in sale of the Novo Brdo silver to Venice.!9 The Novo Brdo silver was exported in small quantities by individual traders person: ally, or they entrusted it to their servants. In case of larger quantities, several merchants would get united, t0 ensure its safer transportation to Dubrovnik. ‘The scope of processing of silver ore at that time when the Novo Brdo market was at its peakByjadun Hoanuweouh a Becua Paduh 100, a JIpensn 50 xurapa cpespa. JTecnor Creat Jlasapesmh noxnama Baroneny 60, a Jaspu Ca. Aranacnja wa Cpetoj Popa 20 nurapa epedpa. Je- cnor bypah Bpanxopih ysehana noxaou Jlasp xa 80, a Eciburneny ynybyje 50 amrapa. Joa 2m ce BOMe HlOmATAK ga je Recor CrecpaH camo on, jeaaor Kapanana 43 Bagune onyseo 1.200 aura- pa.!! Kommsnna cpeGpa HOBOOp|CKUX pyAHHKa Mopana Oi ce npotleHuTH Kao U3y3eTHO 3HattajHa, Y mpnnor rome rosope # mona 0 npuxoxvera Koje je ramcKo epe6po noHocuT0 necnory Byphy Bpanxonuhy, Beprpanjiow ne sta poxnjep, Kojit je 1433. rome nyronao no CpOnijn, cayniao je ma Hono Bpqo aoxocit peak npixoy epiicKom ne- cnory y suicuunt oft 200.000 yykara, HeKux jpane- cer roamia Kacauje, 1455, ovaj pyaum« je, mpesa Mnaxy Kamacrpany, janao rojuautse 120.000 ny- xara. Ha octony oBNX ReCTH H CrpykTYpe TIPHXO- na Byx Bunabep je npernocrasno a sucuma osx Mpuniaisa onrORApA MpoHSRONHM cpepa Koja HU je moraa Guru wirxa of 7 ToHA ToRMMESe y yerte- lint pasnoGrsuMa excnsoarartne.!2 O aamamnioj pyrapeKoj senaTHocTH y HOBO- Opickom Kpajy JaHac cpeqoue Opojua uubaKMuTa 4H TONOHUMM y OKO Tpaja BesaHH 3a pynap- creo, Gper Pama", soKaamTer Leoni, Maxa- 1a ,Hummmo Kono" 4 mora jpyrit.!3 Ca ummbem ja ce jenar 2e0 usnabenor cpe6pa MoneTaayje H THMe OcrBapH npHxog, y HoBom Bp- ny je, KaO Hy APYTHM PYHEHM HeHTpHMa, OTBOpE- Ha KOBHHUA OBA Koja je Y OBOM MecTy pagina mpexo jenuor sexa. Mako je y nuramy jyr Bpe- MeHCKK TepHon, jlaHiac je MOSHAT MastH Opoj extit- ciija Koje Moxxemo ca curypuouhy noBesaTH ca PaIOM Be sHavaje ueKe. Y mirraiby cy nojejmia xopaiba KHe3a Jlasapa, kHesa Crerpatia JTasape- sutha u gecnora "Bypha Bpanxonitha sje emncnje Hoce ume one KoBitnue. Tope BMX BpCTa, ¥ Ue- xst Hono Bpyo, cacaum je wapecto, Konane cy i pyre emcnje Beh noes ox yapa Crecpana jly- laHa, Kako Hac OGaBemTranajy mucaxi cromeHI- IM, a BepoBATHO H paHje. ToKOM oBor Mpsor Te- puoga pasa KoBHme Ha Honom Bpay emucuje Hoan cy Gute OGesIeKaBaHe, CaCBII je H3BECHO, cursama, Koje cy eay:xiule 3a KOHTPonY eMHcHja Hosua, Tlopes jacho oGemexxesux emsicuja Koje cy mpowerekne 3 KoBAHie Hono Bpzo, y #0] cy KO- Bane HW BPCTE KOjé HMCY One OsHANEHe CTOBHTIM osHakaa. Peu je 0 HoBny ,.oGerexeHost* noce6- BHM Mpencrabama Koje cy ce jawmane camo y OKBHPY OBE KoBAHUe. Oupeqemeise OBHX EMMCH- ja, waKo TemKo, xeamenrauo je Moryhe saxnayjy’ bit Haasuma HOBHa Ha camom Hosom Bpay. TIpi- JIUKOM APXCOOLIKUX HeTPAXHBAIA Ha OBOM 20- KOBEMIA CPIICKOF CPEASOBEKOBHOT HOBLIA YHOBOM BPLY Kanurety Habeu je Benuku Gpoj yankaTHux 1 Bp- ao peTkux ppera Honna.!4 Onpe ce past 0 KOBa- Wa Koja, Ca {OCTa HSRECHOCTH, MOXEMO oMIpe- enITH Kao eMHCHje HOBOGPACKE HeKe. Hosalt je, kako emo ncraxit, Kowa y Hono Bpay neh 1350, rogue, Kaxo gunapa oxor spence- Ha Hcy OWIM OGeTEXEHH HNCHOM KoBHAUC, Beh cy HocuAH cao ckpakeny cHrmy KOBHHIe WIM 3a- Kynua wm jenHor jpyror, Jasac je TemKo exmicuje nojeammx konarba ca curypHouhy mpu- nucatH oBo} KOBE ‘Cacpuia je HaBecko ja cy emucuje HOBIA, KAKO je jour yxasao Pacrucas Mapuh, Ouze osmavene oapeheumsr curmama Koje cy Morme npejicranmati. oawaxe Komsmta.'S Y TyMaNeRy CHOBHUX osHaKa Ha CPrIcKOM cpejtbOBeKORHOM HOBMY Hajnasbe je ormuiao Leja, M. Merkand xojm je, 4a Gast poyakama ocrana H pasmmuyHre JacTyMbeHOCTH nojeauiunx cHTaH y HMA, H3HeO MpeTHOCTaBKe jla 6u ce nojemme osHaxe Norte npunucar onpebe- Mt KoBHHaMa, TOM MpLIKOM je HaBeO 1a Git copie oaHaxe N-O, Koje ce jaBmajy Ha Opojams4 enmeujana Crecpana [lymana, sorme npencra- niaTu osHaxe KoBHue Hop Bpyo. Osa cura je aactymmena Ha BeHKOM Opojy juHapa u3 ocrapa Ypoweban # Kocoro Tome watasa 3 perwoua y Henocpeguoj Gmsnnm Honor Bpaa, urro ayropa RABOMH Ha 4AKZY4AK fla ce OBA cHowa Mory chla- ‘TpaTu O3HaKaMa HOBOOpAcKe KOBHUUe.6 TaKo y xanaay 43 Kocopa Tloma spere wapa Hlymrana ca Rmajape Kora KpyHHIy aHbenu, ca BauepesHaM HATHIICOM ca BulaapeM Ha KOHY ca ciifsanta N-O npepcransajy on 40% n0 70% mponenara wonstawe mace (c. 5-7).7 Osi npoyerta cy jous jave mapaxenm y Haasy 43 Ypomesua rye oBe Bp- cre wine Mpexo 97% csi mpunepaKa. Pex je 0 way3eTHO BHCOKOM mpoueHTy y OKBHPY jeHor aHaM1ajuOr Hanaza HOBNA Kojit je Gpojao HeKOAHKO croruma npumepaka pusapa. Vissajyha y Briny 13y- 3eTHO BIICOK MpoueHaT eMucHja PasMINUNTHX Bp- cra oenexeninx jemmnicrueniom curaiom N-O, wH- i ce sa je pet o mumapuna nsanimi4 wenocpenHO 1s one KOBHME. Curata N-O npencranssa oanaky Kojy Hajayaxe cpehemo Ha cprickom Hosny. [Tparumo je uous os pemena Kpama Muayruna cBe s(0 pasqoGsba Bia- jasuine Kpasba Bykanmiwa. Japa ce nlormaBiro Ha pont cmuicHjawa uonua. Haxxanocr, y weno- crarky ocTaBa HOBUa 1H MoryhHocTH KoMmapaTHB- ne ananuye, HNCMO y MpHAMMU Ta oBy cHiray oUMaX TIORE:KEMO ¢ HOBOGPACKOM HIEKOM ¥ Helo} Hajpa- joj eran Konaka Tippu myr ce osHaka N-O jana Ha kpcrarunt jumapiva kpama Muryriia 1 nowaBsea ce Ha Ha~SERBIAN MEDIAEVAL MINT AT NOVO BRDO could be seen by the quantities of silver from the Novo Brdo customs which were donated to ‘monasteries by the rulers during one year. Duke Lazar gave 150 litres to the monastery of Ravanica, to Chilandar 100 litres and to Drenéa 50 litres of silver. Despot Stefan Lazarevié donated 60 to Vatoped and 20 litres of silver to the Laura of St. Athanassious on Mount Athos. Despot Durad Brankovic increased the gift to that Laura to 80, and to Esphigmenou he sent 50 litres. If this is added the fact that Despot Stefan took away 1200 litres!! of silver from one caravan from Vidina only, the amount of silver from the Novo Brdo mine would have to be judged as exception- ally significant. This is further supported also by facts about the income that “argentum de glama” brought to Despot Durad Brankovié Bertrandon de la Broquitre, who travelled through Serbia in 1433, heard that Novo Brdo brought a large income to the Despot of Serbia, amounting to 200,000 ducats. Some twenty years later, in 1455, according to John Capistran, this mine brought 120,000 ducats a year. On the basis of these records and of the structure of income Vuk Vinaver assumed that the amount of various kinds of this income coresponds to the production of sil- ver that could not have been lower than seven tons a year in successful periods of exploitation.!2 ‘The extensive mining activities in the area of Novo Brdo are today testified by the numerous dross depots and toponyms having to do with mining e.g. “Glama” hill, “Ceovi® excavation site, “Nikino Kolo” ete.13 In order to turn a part of excavated silver into coins and thus make profit they opened a mint at Novo Brdo, same as in other mine cen- tres. The mint worked for over a century. Although that is a very long period of time there isasmall number of coin issues that can with cer- tainty be related to the work of this important mint. Those are individual coin issues by Prince Lazar, Despot Stefan Lazarevié and Despot Durad Brankovig, whose issues bear the name of this mint. It is certain that besides these types from Novo Brdo mint other issues were also minted, starting from those of Czar Stefan Dusan and probably even earlier, as we are informed by written documents. During this ini- tial period of work of the Novo Brdo mint, it is certain that the coins had been marked with let- ters ~ secret marks, which were used for moni- toring and control of the issues. Besides the clearly marked issues that came from the Novo Vujadin Twanitenie Vesna Radic 25 Brdo mint, types without letter signs were also coined there. The word is of the coins “designat- ed” by particular images which are to be found in this mint only. To determine these issues, although difficult, is partly possible thanks to coins found at Novo Brdo itself. During archae- ological excavations in this site, a large number of unique and very scarce types of money were found.!4 Those were the coins that can, with great certainty, be determined as issues of the Novo Brdo mint. Asalready stated, coins were minted at Novo Brdo as early as in 1350. Since the dinars of this time were not marked with the name of the mint, but only with abbreviated siglums of the mint, or of the tenant or of both, today it is difficult to ascribe issues of individual coins to this particu- lar mint with certainty. Tt is quite certain that the coin issues, as shown by Rastislav Marié long ago, were marked by specific siglums that could have represented symbols of the mints.!¥ David M. Metealf, who made assumptions that certain signs could be ascribed to certain mints, by studying hoards and different levels of presence of individual siglums in them, made the greatest advance in interpreta tion of the letter marks on mediaeval Serbian coins. He also stated that the letters N-O, appear- ing on many issues by Stefan DuSan, could repre- sent the marks of the Novo Brdo mint. This siglum is present on a large number of dinars from the hoards at UroSevac and Kosovo Poli, finds from the region very close to Novo Brdo, that leads the author to the conclusion that those letters could be considered symbols of the Novo Brdo mint.16 Thus in the finds from Kosovo Polje the types of Czar Dugan with the monarch crowned by angels, with several lines of an inscription and with the monarch riding on horse- back with the siglums N-O represent 40-70% of the whole quantity of coins (Figs. 5~7).!7 These percentages are even more expressed in the find from UroSevac where these types account for 97% of all pieces. The word is of an extremely large percentage within a very important find of coins which amounted to several hundred dinar pieces. Considering the extremely high percent- age of issues of different types marked with the unique siglum N-O, it seems that the word is of the coins coming directly from this mint. The N-O siglum represents the mark that has been found on Serbian coins for the longest peri- od of time. It can be traced from the times of KingByjadun Hearnuuesich Becua Paduh 8 & CAHN KoBArBHIMA OBE rpyme, Ha exacnjasta Cre- pana Ypouia IML u xpara Crecbana [yuraxa (cx 1-2).8 Hakow mpectauxa xoparba muntapa c Kp- (TOM M MOeTKa KOBaHKA AMHApA CA LIEMOM OBY ‘uray epehemo Ha kpamencksns i 1fapckHM eNOcH- Jana junapa ca uemom (cn. 3-4).!? Tame je mpa- ‘THMO Ha Beh TOMEHYTHM TaBHIAE KOBARHMA a- pa fiywiana, aswapiiwa ca maanapem Kora KpyHit- uy auens, ca puepemHM HaTMHCONE i ca Ba ape Koju jauie. [open osix spera janza cen ita JuHapua ca Hapest 1 HapHtioM Kojt croje H Axe wocTpykit Kper (cr. 8). Tlocnemiou nyr je Hana- auiMo Ha jlUHapHMa Kpasba BykaMnea Ha weroHO} peru c XpHCTOM KOH Ceww Ha TPORY Ha aBEpcy Ht cca nuLepequuns Harmicom Ha penepcy (cr. 9)! Hono Bpao je y 050M pasioGy mpencrap.a- 110 jax ekoHOMCKH ileHtap. Ono je ynpaKo y speme kpasba Bykaumma urpaio suasajny yrory He camo Kao pygapeKnt neh it npuupenwu westrap Pye je pa- uaa KBauicbukosana pajHa cHara. Taxo cy 1370. TOmMHE SaKYMU NpHSpeHcKe UapuHe Kparba By- xammmma noxoguunt Hono Bpio pai anraxconasa pagimxa 3a xopmny y IIpuspeny. ¥ TyxxOu, au paxoj 15. asrycra 1370, gy6ponaKor nnacremmHa Mapua Bexeuntha npotup cBojnx 3emsbaka i op- ‘axa Jaxora Copxouenitha it Tbune Tlyuuha y KYHY Mpwspenexe apne Kpazba Bykamnna no- Mure ce Tpaxkerbe Majeropa y Hosom Bpay 3a TpHspeHcKy KoBEMUY — fo Maroie de Benesa faco mio protesto a Ser Jache de Sorgo et a Ser Giue de Poca, digando aly dity: vuy saue, como conparasemo la diuana (sic) la dowana (sic) de Prisrino a insemble tuty, in chomo apar per ta pouela de miser lo re, si che io Maroie andi per volenta de tuty ni diuanary in No- uaberda per trouar maistri per la cecha, et io Maroie tornando indrido con li maistri in Prisrino ordinamen- te si me incont(rjo in lo camin Bogde Cirisma e lo di- to Bogdeit de Cirisma per mal, che ne voliva a tuty ni nuy dowanari, si me de a my Maroie chason, et non abjando cholpa nyguna ni chaxon niguna, si me tolse perperi VC a questi di, che pagi; io voyo, che vuy me refese le duy parte Tlocne pacnaga Cprickor napcrsa oxomma Hovor Bpaa mpescransana je Gauruncxy oGsact noposuue kHe3a Jlasapa, HosoGpackit Tpr, Kojit jou y XTV sexy npueaas nyGponauKe TproBue, y pene xuesa Jlazapa mocraje mecro y KoMe ce OgBHja akTHBaN KMBOT HajMHOrOGpojHHje LyGpO- nave Konomnje y CpOnju. Bpojan wenn anos Gus cy Tpropust cpe6pore ~ pune Yrosrah, Cuox Byxuh, Jaxon Tyapyanh, sxacimm we- KpeTHuHa — Koma Mt pyita Y HOBOOPUCKOM pyAHUKY = kao Tanko 3xe3jith, Tlevap Ceca, Xpparunt ‘Teprkopith, Huxuia de Bascha, xonsy:ut = [t= KOBHMIA CPTICKOT CPEDHSOBEKOBHOT HOBILA Y HOBOM BPAY go Copkowesith, Aupipuja Menseruh, Basilius de Baseglio, Teonop Matackannth, Annpuja Copxo- uepuh, Kojit cy peulapan cuopose meby sy6po- Baakn rpabarma, One, kao H crane zy6poRa'- Ke rpabane Koj cy ce saGamrrunum y 060M py- AApeKOM HeHTPY, ToREIOM, H3aTOM 9. jawyapa 1387, kues JTazap oOapesyje Ha nonpasky 1 sysa- Wee rpaya H yueuthe y werosoj ondpann.2* Yeeha- naike AyOponauke Konoxnje y Howom Bpay, pe cpera 360r wHreHauBHOr pajla pyRHNKa y OBOM TeHTpY, KAO UHAMETHYTE OGABEse TOje;HHIDM the- HUM IAHOBUMA HOKARaTeRU Cy 3Havaja Koji je Mao onaj cpeysbONEKOBHI TPF, KaKO 3a Kua TTA 3apa Tako u 3a [ly6posuane. Taxa je y Hono Bp- AY panuo Behn Gpoj saarapa nopexstom 3 Iy- Gposauka Kojm cy Mornn GHTH aNraxoBaHH H Ha nocaoBuma y KOBHMUH.2 Ibuxos yruuaj jacho ce Nparn y npenouery HkoHOrpadCKHX MpesLtoxKa- xa, IIpencrase Xpuicra y waawopaus 4 rsiase Xpr- cra Ha ¢pmickoM HOBIIY NIpey3ere cy nocpenHo ca AYOpOBAYKHX quHApa, oAHOCHO Hosy;MRApa. HoRo6picku py/HHK, sje Me je HenHicatto Ha najuosuarujo} nosuaxoj even xuesa Slasapa, Guo je mero Hajuaxxnirju pysNMK Ht jenaH O% rxaB- NX H3BOpa HeeroRe cpunancujcKe Mohs. Ona ce omeya y NOKIONNMA, WaparKeHM y KEAHKMM KO~ JWUMHaMa HOBOOIICKOr cpeGpa Koje je KHE3 JTa- gap aapopao Masacrupuwa Panama, JIpews 1 Xunannapy.26 TH 1lOKOHN cy HcoBpeMeHO cBe~ ott sHavrajne pyaapeKe nponyxuinje Honor Bpsa cenamsecerix rojuiia XIV nexa Kojy Ow cnaxaxo npeSano carmegata y omurrem yenony Hamer cpeqiosexosnor pynapersa, cago MposlasHo No- peneheHloo HOROHACTAIM NONMTAYKHM pln Kasia nlocale pactiaga lapersa. Tipse emuicuje cprickor cpemmboneKOBHOF HOB- ua Koje cy OGemexeHe o3Haxom KosuHTle HoBo Bpgo noriy 13 ppeena xnesa Jlasapa. Tosware cy YeTHpH exmcuje HoBHa OGerexKeHe UNCHOM Kopnue NOVOMONTE ua asepcy (cx. 10-12). Y mmrany je jeamicrsexa rpyria Hopta Koja Hoc aajenmuke oxmxe. Ha anepey ce Hamas npesi- crasa Xpucta Koj croji y Manjlopan Hu Ges we, ox je Ha pewepcy mpmkagam Kites KAKO CTOjHL H JP~ KH CKILTTAp C KPCTOM, O;HOCHO KPHHOM ¥ HecHoj pyc u akaxuijy (2) y se89}, Tiago Koparbe HOBOOPICKe KOBHINE KHE3a Tasapa npeneranma 3. npcra Koja je KoBalta y 3H% ajuon oOuMy. Pex je raxobe 0 jemto} on raaBnux emucija nopua xie3a Tlasapa. Osa pera cpojom opranmsaqujos nogceha Ha Renuka Kowatsa Kpa- TLeBCKOF H IkApCKOF Hepltowa cplicKor HoBMapeTRA Ona je, nanMe, oGenexeHa BenMKUM Gpojen cHSERBIAN MEDIAEVAL MINT AT NOVO BRDO Milutin until the period of reign of King Vukasin. It mostly appears on mutually related coin issues. Unfortunately, due to lack of hoards and absence of possibility for comparative analysis, we can not possibly relate this siglum directly to the Novo Brdo mint in its earliest period of work. ‘The N-O sign appeared for the first time on King Milutin’s dinars with a cross and it is repeat- ed on other issues of this type, on Stefan Uroé III's and King Stefan DuSan’s issues (Figs. 1-2).18 After the cessation of minting dinars with a cross and the beginning of minting dinars with a helmet this sighum can be found on King’s and Czar’s issues of dinars with the helmet (Figs. 3-4).!9 It can be fol- lowed further through the already mentioned main issues by Czar Duan, the dinars with the monarch being crowned by angels, with the sev- eral-line inscription and those with the monarch riding a horse. In addition to these types, itis also present on dinars with the Czar and his wife stand- ing and holding a double cross (Fig. 8)2 For the last time it can be found in King Vukasin type of dinars, with the obverse showing Christ sitting on the throne, and with the reverse showing the sev- eral lines of an inscription (Fig. 9)24 During that period, Nove Brdo was an important economic centre. It was exactly during King Vuka8in’s reign that it was significant not only as a mining centre but also as an economic centre, with skilled workers employed. In 1370 the lesees of the customs of Prizren, under the tule of King Vukasin, visited Novo Brdo in order to hire some workers for the mint at Prizren, In the legal charges dated 15! August 1370, pressed by the landowner of Dubrovnik Marin BeneSi¢ against Jakov Sorkogevié and Divo Puci¢, his countrymen and partners in the rent of the Prizren customs of King VukaSin, the search. of craftsmen in Novo Brdo for the mint in Prizren is mentioned — /o Maroie de Benesa faco mio protesto a Ser Jache de Sorgo et a Ser Giue de Poca, digando aly dity: vuy saue, como conparase- mo ta diuana (sic) la douana (sic) de Prisrino a insemble tuty, in chomo apar per ta pouela de miser lo re, si che io Maroie andi per volenta de tuty ni diuanary in Nowaberda per trouar maistri per ta cecha, et io Maroie tornando indrido con li maistri in Prisrino ordinamente se me incont(r)o in lo camin Bogde Cirisima e lo dito Bogdefi de Girisma per mal, che ne voliva a tuty ni nuy douanari, si me de a my Maroie chason, et non abiando cholpa nyguna ni chaxon niguna, si me tolse perperi VC a questi di, che pagi; io voyo, che vuy me refese le duy parte22 Vujacin Ivanievic Vesna Radic 2a After the fall of the Serbian empire the terri- tory surrounding Novo Brdo was the inheritance of Prince Lazar’s family. The Novo Brdo market place that had as early as in the XIV century attracted merchants from Dubrovnik, during the reign of Prince Lazar became the place in which an active life of the largest settlement of Dubrovnik’s citizens in Serbia was going on, Many of its members were silver merchants? ~ Pripée Utoléi¢, Simon Buni¢, Jakov Gundulic, owners of immovables ~ cars and pits at Novo Brdo mine like Palko Zvezdié, Petar Sesa, Hrvatin Tvrtkovié, Nikéa de Bascha, and consuls —Diivo Sorkogevié, Andrija Menéetié, Basilius de Baseglio, Teodor Mlaskanié, Andrija Sorkodevie, who settled disputes among the citizens of Dubrovnik. These, as well as other citizens of Dubrovnik who obtained immovable property in this mining centre were obliged by Prince Lazar to reconstruct and take care of the town and to take part in its defense. This was written in the charter issued on 9 January, 1387 The growth of the Dubrovnik settlement at Novo Brdo, primarily thanks to the intensive operations of the mine in this centre, as well as to obligations enforced upon some of its members, is an indicator of the impor- tance that this mediaeval market had for both Prince Lazar and the citizens of Dubrovnik. Thus a large number of jewellers i.e. goldsmiths origi- nating from Dubrovnik worked at Novo Brdo and they could also have been employed in the mint. ‘Their influence can be clearly seen in the transfer of iconographic models. Representations of Christ in mandorla and of Christ's head in Serbian coins were indirectly taken from the dinars and half-dinars of Dubrovnik. Novo Brdo mine, the name of which was inscribed in Prince Lazar’s best known monetar issue, was his most significant mine and one of the main sources of his financial power. This power ‘was manifest in presents in form of large quantities of the Novo Brdo silver which Prince Lazar donat- ed to the monasteries of Ravanica, Drenta and Chilandar.2® Those presents also indicate an important mining production at Novo Brdo during the seventies of the XIV century. It should cer- tainly be viewed within the general prosperity of the Serhian mediaeval mining, which was only temporarily interrupted by the newly arisen politi cal circumstances after the fall of the empire. The first issues of mediaeval Serbian coins signed with the mark of the Novo Brdo mint originate in the period of reign of Prince Lazar.Byjadue Hoanuuesuh 28 Becua Paduh ri koje camo norsphyjy na je mocpen j06po op- TaHioBaHa emicija HoBIa. OKO rTo je oBaja On ocTamix epera cpiickor HoBIa jecy came curse. Pay ce, Moxkemo cnoGoguo pehit, © MaurositToMt i HagaxHyToM sakymuy (3aKyMMNMa) KOBHMIe KO- jit je caoje Kopatbe OGenexkH0 OsHaKaMa y BIKY cusGoma n mpescrana. Ha anepcy y NOWHN yr70- BuMa MaNAopae NMpHKasaHH cy OM jemHOCTABHUX snegquilia MpeKO ReTeTATHBHHX MOTHEA 10 BCONA cloxeHinx Kommosuusia. ¥ wactom mpocropy cxte- lene cy npencrane XKHBOTINEa, Hajyeuthe Gap- cKUX ITH, amit H mpane 2kaKp cuexe.2? Ha jej- HOM jMMapy HamasuMo mpegcTasy GapeKe nrane Koja oBH pentua (cn. 13-17). On o3HaKama Gune cy oGenexeRe GpojHe enticuje HoBoGpacKe KOBHMILe Koje cy ce MebycoOHo passtkoname, Ka- Ko 10 TexuHN TaKO Ho (puHOhs. ¥ oKBupy one enmcnje 2aGenexHTM emo RENNKY suCMPOTIOPLNY rexitiia Koje ce Kpehy on 1,15 g no 0,65 g, Cpes- tha TOUHA oe eMUCHe HsHOCH 0,83 g. Ocraite enmtenje kHesa JTasapa 13 HOBOGPAcKe HeKe KOBA- He cy Nlo craujapay Koju ce xpehe o7 0,83 g 3a apyty enucujy 10 0,65 g 3a nppy m yerepry.28 One sapere cy Konan, cyehit 10 sao Gpojy ouysa- UX MpuMepaka, Y CKPOMEIIM KONEMBAM, Ca gpyre crpawe, Tpeha, ruania Bpcra HoBO- GpucKe KOBHMe, emiropana je ¥ BeNHKOM Gpojy enmtonja Te je crora Haslasuoo y HHSY OCTaBa HoB- ua: Crasiah,2? Uyxa,"0 Upumrana oom’) 1 Cocpuja.®? ¥ npre tpi ocrase junapu xuesa MTasa- pa 113 HOOOpsIcKe KOBHHIe MpestcraBrastH Cy Haj- Gpojunjy epery. Camo y ocrasn 13 Tpuurrune okomuna Meby 930 saGenexena juapa 436 je Mpimiayano noMenyTom xoparby.%> Bucox npoue- na ove BpcTe y Hallasy NpHpoaH je aKO HMaMO y BMY na je ocTapa Gila moxparscHa y Gnusuent Kopnmue Hoxo Bpxo. Kues Jlasap Bpera I (cu, 104 Anepc - NOVOTON M ARG Xpuer ¢ ut Gos, y TYNE 1 KONOGHOHY, CTO} OKpeHYT su em. J[ecHow pykom Gnarociaba, a y eso} npxU jenanbese. Penepc~KN@3h @ - AN3Pb GC Kues yca- Kocy, Manijaky H jiajamusm crojM OxpexyT MHeM. 'Y peckoj pyunt ApXxH CKUMTAp C KPHHOM, a Y JeBO} aKaxniy. Bpera 2 (en. 11)55 Azepe - NOVOMONTE SRAPL Xpucr c munGou, y TYHIU H KONOOMOHY, CTOjK OKPeHYT ayes, JecHom pykom Grarocuia, a ¥ NeBoj jIp- KH jewaHbesbe. KOBHALA CPIICKOF CPETLOBEKOBHOT HOBLA. y HOBOM BPAY Pesepe ~ CONTE L-ASARO Kites y caxocy, ‘anmijaxy it rufjauiau cToju oxpenyr nunent. Y ne- ‘cHoj pyNI RPAH CKHMTap ¢ KPCTOM, a y eBO) aKa- xujy. Bpera 3 (en. 12-1 Apepe - NOVOMON-TE M APCES Xpucr ¢ HunGoxt, y TYHMND 1 KOMOGHOHY, CTOjH y Maxuop- AIH OKpenyr JunyeM. JlecHom pyKoM Guarocusa, a Yy s1eBoj npKH jesanbexse. Pesepe ~ +CONTE L-ASARO Kues y caxo- cy, Manujaxy H jusjanunm crojmt oxpenyr suines. ¥ jecHoj pyull APM CKIMTTAp ¢ KPCTOM, @ ¥ ACEO] akakuljy. Bpera 437 ‘Apepe ~ NOVEMOT( ) Xpucr ¢ HmGom, y ‘TYHMIL 1 KOOSHOHY, cTOjs y MaxOpAH OKPEHYT nnuem. Tecuom pyxom Guarocuma, ay neBoj p- xu jepauberbe. Pepepe ~( )H( )I3@ AGA3P Kues ca sarBo- peHOM XpyHOM, ¥ cakocy, MaNujaky M puHjajunu croju oxpenyr ames. ¥ Meco} py prxit cki- ‘Tap ¢ KpcTOM, ay eH0j aKaKiy. Vs spemexa Kue3a Jla3apa noTiue H jenaH anomie BLA KOjM Mpeyerawxa usualy Be- Heulijaickor HykaTa Ha KOMe ce y HcKBapcHOM varnmicy a anepey WoBia pasasitaje wMfe KOBE NOVOMONTE (ca. 18). Y murasy je perka enmenja nopua Koja je mpau my sa6enexena y jearioj Mazoj ocrapH HoBua Haheroj Ha npocTopy Bankanexor noayocrpea.** Oua mpunaza jenHoj copijn aHOHIMHNX KOBaiba Koja mpencTanmajy mnatrayuje peHeuujaxcKitx rpouia MAYKATa, Ka0 Ht yrapckux snavHuKa.” Vis one rpyie ce Waypaja oenyra ypera xoja je, cyzehm no ekBapewom naruucy, KoBaHa wa Honom Bpay. Cpeitba Texki- a one Bpcre of 0,66 g omroBapa KoBaHIIMa KHe- 3a Jlasapa, AHOHMMHO KoBaBe Bpera 1 (ca. 18)" ‘Apepe — CCVION-ITYVOI Xpuer © mst- Gom, y TYHMUM 1 KOTOGHOHY, cTOjH ¥ MaHOpmH oxpenyr mes. J[ecHoM pykom Gnarocia, a y seboj APA jeBaxhere. Penepe ~ CCIAP-PHI"S nap. Jlyxa Kneun ne- cio, TOK cB. Mapxo cToji exo 1 mperaje My 3a- crany, Oxpenyrit cy jean mpema ypyrowe. JIyax y unalliTy xasbui pykaMa mpuxsara aacrany, CB, Mapxo c HuMGom y s1eB0j pyyu ApsKu jesanbeme,‘SERBIAN MEDIAEVAL, MINT AT NOVO BRDO Four issues of coins marked with the name of the mint NOVOMONTE on the obverse are known (Figs. 10-12). It is a unique group of coin issues sharing common characteristics. On the obverse there is the image of Christ standing with or without mandorla, while the reverse presents the image of the Prince standing and holding his scepire with a cross i. lily in his right hand, and akakia (?) in his left. ‘The main issue of Prince Lazar's Novo Brdo mint is the third type, which was produced in a substantial quantity. Tt is also one of Prince Lazar's main issues of coins. This type is reminis- cent by its organization of large series in the royal and imperial periods of the Serbian coin minting, It is marked with a large number of sigkums, which only speaks of a well organized coin issue. What separates it from other types of Serbian coins are the siglums themselves. We can easily say that it was an imaginative and inspired tenant (or tenants) of the mint who marked his issues with signs in form of symbols and images. On the obverse, images ranging from simple stars, via floral motifs to very complicated compositions are in the lower corner of the mandorla. In the small area there are images of animals, usually of waterfowls, however also true genre scenes? In one dinar we can see the image of a waterfowl hunting a reptile (Figs. 13-17). Numerous issues of the Novo Brdo mint that mutually differed in weight and quality were also signed with these marks. Within these issues we note a large dis- proportion in weights, ranging from 1.15 to 0.5g. The average weight of this issue is 0.83 g. Other Prince Lazar's Novo Brdo mint emissions were minted observing the standard ranging from 0.83g in case of the second issue, to 0.65g in case of the first and the fourth ones.2# Judging by the small number of preserved pieces, those types were made in modest quantities. On the other side, the third and the main type of the Novo Brdo mint was minted in a large number of issues, and thus it is found in many money hoards: Stalaé,2 Cuka,}? surround- ings of Pristina! and Sofia In the first three hoards Prince Lazar’s dinars from the Novo Brdo mint were found in the largest number of pieces. In the hoard from the surroundings of Pristina only, among the 930 dinars registered, 436 were from this issue.* This high percentage of this type in the find is logical if we bear in mind that the hoard was situated in the vicinity of the Novo Brdo mint. Vin Ivanovic Vesna Radic 222 Prince Lazar Type 1 (Fig. 10) Obverse - NOVOTON M ARG Christ, with nimbus, dressed in tunic and colobion, stands facing. Blesses with his right hand, holding the Gospel in his left. Reverse - RNG3b G - AM3Pb G The Prince, facing, stands dressed in saccos, mani- akion and diadima. He is holding the sceptre with a lily in his right hand, akakia in his left. ‘Type 2 (Fig. 11)55 Obverse - NOVOMONTE SRAPL Christ, with nimbus, dressed in tunic and colobion, stands facing. He is blessing with his right hand, holding the Gospel in his left. Reverse - CONTE L-ASARO The Prince. dressed in saccos, maniakion and diadima, stands facing. He is holding a sceptre with a cross in his right hand, akakia in his left. Type 3 (Figs. 12-17)36 Obyerse - NOVOMON-TE M APCES Christ, with nimbus, dressed in tunic and colo- bion, standing in mandorla, facing. He is blessing with his right hand, holding the Gospel in his left Reverse ~ +CONTE L-ASARO The Prince, dressed in saccos, maniakion and diadima, stands facing. He is holding a sceptre with a cross in his right hand, akakia in his left. Type 47 Obverse - NOVEMOT ( ) Christ, with nim- bus, dressed in tunic and colobion, standing in mandorla, facing. He is blessing with his right hand, holding the Gospel in his left. Reverse -( )N( )I3A AGA3P The Prince. with closed crown, dressed in saccos, maniakion and diadima, stands facing, He is holding a scep- re with a cross in his right hand, akakia in his left. From the time of Prince Lazar there also originates one anonymous dinar representing an imitation of the Venetian ducat with blurred leg- end on the obverse of the coin, which represents the name of the mint NOVOMONTE (Fig. 18), ‘The word is of a rare issue, which was first found in a small hoard discovered in the Balkan Peninsula It belongs to a series of anonymous issues that represent imitations of Venetian grossi and ducats, as well as of Hungarian gold coins.* The type that stands out from this group is the mentioned one, from Novo Brdo - judgingByjadun Hoanuuesih aa0 Becua Padth Hoso Bpyo je #acrasuao ga ce passuja, a OH caoj Hajaehu yeriox zoxxuBe:to y speme CprcKe je- cnoroBHHe, 3axBassyjyhit BOM HeucupnseHoxt PYAHOM Gzary, pasBojy pymapeKe TexHMKe, oMa- COBJLEHY pajla Ha pynapcKHM TOCHOBHMA, T1OBe- hanoj Tpaxien cpeGpa wa HoRYaHOM TpxKHIITY Expone, Kao u unTepecy Apyrix 3emazba 3a KyNo- numy nosHator rstamcxor epeGpa.!l Tlecnor Crespart JTazapeanh npuzapao je way- seran sHavaj Kovamsy HOBIa Ht pany pysHKA 1 onsite #a Hono Bpay, kao wajBaxxHitjus« 1380- HMA NpHXoa HEOMXOAHHX 3a peopraitisaunjy apxkase Kojy je TpeGaro enposecri mocae nopasa xa Kocony. Y Tom Hy, H3Be0 je MoHETApHY pe- (popmy m cnposeo crpory MoweTapny HOMMTHRY. Togune 1412. youeo je Pygapexu saxon. HsyserHo BakHe OUpeLGe y ZaKoHy O]HOCE ce Ha aj HOBO- OPNCKE KODHMNE H Ha CaHKIUMOHHCAILE KPHBOTBO- peia nosua.2 YpeqGe cy qouere c mpesacxojHHM MiubeM SauITHTe puxoxa BaaMapA. © Kosnmye 55 JAwONR € M34 AuNapk mo ce KoKOY oy use. TRo ra manaut, HAH Tpamocis . Aa UMOY ce mantyn @TEeE . HAR naAaTi raenE, Hl. nepnep: © raonayn Ilo Butea racke oy avkeroy aT naoua iM Tpangcania H AMNapA . Hai € OT nphRoy- ne XwhGs HAN BHNNUXS . OT rpagNe KOM air 4 WaiAn ‘anwocrpoqanaionn WAM AoW HAR KORE HANOCEKM UB TpAAA NA ABCPH MO € © npoaanyy W KoyNABY OT WHX, . Aka Go enon 4 APOYPRI KNESOY a TPETH NO- vypsrapcoa Kpunornopere nosua je, npena oom 3axo- Hy, OW10 KaxkHaBaHO cakahewem H HOBYaHOM /060M. Ona onpeyGa je BIO yGnaxKeHta y OMHO- cy na JJyuranos 3aKoHnk rpe je Gita mperubexa ewpria kaatia 3a cpancucpuxatope. Teo ekonoMeke nomtruxe jecnora Crepana Jlasapenuha npegcranmao je a Hus eneprianx Mepa ynyheMx npe cera Tproniusa 1:3 KOTOHI- je Hy6powsana xoju cy o4 xpaja XIV Bexa mami nayseTHo akTuRHe nocsIoRe Ha Honom Bpiy. He- Il OM Ibu Mas CY pajlBe ¢ pasHoRpcHOM poGowt xojy cy nponapamm y Hopost pny # KOMEN, amit Ape caera SapwIH cy ce MOCHOBHMa Be3aHHM 38 pynaperno, Maru on rx Orin cy saxynua HOBO- Spacke napmHe kao Hopax Maxegon, Beuxo Tyx- aysiu, Mapoje Craxsuh, Mavuja Kpycu, Bap- ron Mapuietuh, Cuncxo Cranmuuh. Toparxe © Opojniat saxyniunwa Haxxaocr He MpaTH Huje- KOBHMUA CPIICKOF CPE OBEKOBHOT HOBLIA. Y HOBOM BPAY aH cayBax YFOBOp o H3AABALBY H BHCHINH 3axyna noBoGpacke uapmne. JeqHo nuemo pecnora Cre- pana Jlasapesuiha oy 1. janyapa 1423. roaane mpy- 2kA MOAATAK fa OH 9aKYM MOTAO H3HOCHTHE OKO 34.000 aykara.*# Pasue snloynorpese u cue pehe Goraheme ay- OponauKux TproBaua jector Crecpax je xreo na coped mpicuaom fly6posyava wa mourroBare -HOBHX chuckamHUX Mepa Hl OUIyKa. Y TOM KOHTEK- cry yBeqent je # MoHOrion Ha mpogajy cpeGpa, Koje cy ayGposauKn Tpronnn xresH cnoGomHo Ha Kyny- jy .caMmo og jeqHor“ # usBeseH je MoKymaj yKHjIa- ua OMpe6e 10 Kojo} y cnopozmma uaeby [ly- Sponsiania m CpOa He B&AU caNO saKeTBa Jly- Oponsramia yxomko je CpOun aysxemx. Busta je To BemMKa ToRNacTuya KOjy je Hector Cretan Hlasapenuh xreo ja yknne RyOpoBaKuN Tprosust- ‘Ma 11 Koja je y3 ene Octane merone Mepe ~ NoMUsa- We Wapmne, mporarare pyGpora4Kux ‘TproBala 3 Hosor Bpa, sapeaGa ayxnuuusa ja JIyopos- ‘vanwsa we ppahajy gyrone sansexa Kapapana cpeOpa u3 Buaune — W3a3kana RenuKe cyxoGe ca TIy6posumnos.!S Hector Cretpan Jlasapesnh je cmponono a apyre Mepe y oxpupy dbuckanwe nommruKe. One cy Mane a 1)ub ToBehame npHxona puseune 1 saurrury jloMaher HoBaHor cHcTeMa Crecpax Mazapenuh Konao je y HOBOGP;ICKO} KOBHITUIL 13 cHojux exmenja, JTanac cy nosHaTe ‘camo gue epere koje, Ha OasH ckpahenor Harmuica, MokeMO ca CHTypHOUIhy BesaTHt 3a OBY KOBINUY. eu je 0 age BpcTe HOBUa 13 KHEXKEBCKOT paszo- 6ma Koje Ha Upeyoj crpaxm uMajy mpencrany rane Xpwera ¢ HUMGOM, HOX ce Ha Apyroj CTPA TM, KON MpBe BpCTe, HasIABH CHUKA Ba;apa KO}Ht crojut m npaKnt ckHMTap ¢ a6apyMOM, & KOR APyre ines ca ja roneba pora, Ha anepcy ce waasit nerensa +IESVS CRISTVS usa xoje crojst cxpa- henna xosuuye NOV win jensoctassnje NO. anim camo N (en. 19-20). CMarpamo ga ee 13a ove ,curne™ xpuje oanaxa Koaumme Horo Bpzo. ‘Tpea darnacemi ja co Kon spyre BpcTe saBex1e- >2kIbUI 1 o3HaKy PR Koja Gu Mora Aa osHavana xopuuuy THpmurria. Ova nociemiba emucnja On ce atonaita Haxou 1396, roqune Kana je sebit neo geMacba Byka Bpaukopitha, a ca rsuwa a TIpuanrra- a, yerynuuen kueay Cretpaxy JTavapenuhy.*? H- je Hast mosHaTo y KOM mpoueHTy cy muwapH oBe we BpcTe HanaxeNH y OcTaBaMa HoBIa MoUITO ove enuicuje icy Swine paxuje napnojene. Cpexma ‘ToxkIIHa OBIIX BPcTa Kpehe ce y rpauutassa On 0,49 ‘3a mpBy Bpery no 0,55 g 3a mpyry.SERBIAN MEDIAEVAL MINT AT NOVO BRDO by its blurred legend, The average weight of this type is 0.66 g, which corresponds to the issues by Prince Lazar. Anonymous coinage ‘Type 1 (Fig. 18)*° Obverse - CCVIOI-IYVOM Christ, with nimbus, dressed in tunic and colobion, standing in mandorla, facing. He is blessing with his right hand, holding the Gospel in his left. Reverse ~ CCIAP-PHI'" Doge is kneeling on the right side, while St, Marko is standing on the left, handing the flag over to the Doge. They are facing each other. The Doge is in the cloak and robe, and he is taking the flag in his hands. St. Marko with nimbus holds the Gospel in his left hand. Novo Brdo continued its development and it reached its peak during the rule of Serbian despots, due to its inexhausted ore deposits, to the development of mining technology, more massive progress of work in mine jobs, to an increased demand of silver on European money markets, and to the interest of other countries in purchas- ing the well-known “argentum de glama” 41 Despot Stefan Lazarevic held the minting of coins in great importance, same as the work of, the mine and the mint of Novo Brdo, considering them the most important sources of income nedeed for reorganization of the state that was necessary after the defeat at Kosovo. With that goal in mind he created a monetary reform and implemented a strict monetary policy. In 1412 he put into effect the Mining Act with the monetary system pound ~ ounce ~ dinar, but did not exclude the perperus. Exceptionally important regulations in the Act were concerned with the work of the Novo Brdo mint, and sanctioning of coin forgery.*? Those regulations were made pri- marily in order to protect the ruler’s income. GC) Kosumye esas aroun €n 3a AuMaph yo ce KORY oY emi. TRO ra nanayH, HAH TpaBscia . Aa Moy Ce MAKFHR TERE . HAA NAAT! rasHE, “He. ngpnep: ©) raowayn Ilo suisaie raone oy avkeroy oT maoua w mpasocauiia H napa. wai € oT nphKo- yne xavkes HAN GHUNIXS . MGT rpABNR KOH BH Ce NAWIAN BHNO NipSAaHAWKN . HA ASH NAN KORE WANOCERH US rpAAA NA ARCOPR H io € © npoaaays MH KoYNADX OT NHX, Vajadin tvaitevi Vesna Radic 231 aka soetoak . TH noyptrapcom: By this Act coin forgery was punishable by mutilation and fines. This regulation was notably milder in comparison with the ones in the Czar Dusan’s Codes, which included death penalty for forgers. ‘A part of Despot Stefan Lazarevié’s econom- ic policy included also a number of energetic measures primarily meant for merchants of the Dubrovnik citizen settlement, who had very active business operations in Novo Brdo since the end of the XIV century. Some of them had their stores with miscellaneous merchandise sold in Novo Brdo and its surroundings, but they first- ly and foremostly had their businesses connected with mining, Many of them were lesees of the Novo Brdo customs, like Novak Makedol, Benko Gundulié, Maroje Standié, Matija Krusié, Bartol Marinéetié, Simko Stanisié.8 Data about numerous lesees are unfortunately supported by no preserved contracts concerning the leasing and the price of lease of the Novo Brdo customs. A letter by Despot Stefan Lazarevié dated 1 January 1423, suplies the information that the amount of the lease could be approximately 34,000 ducats.# Despot Stefan wanted to stop various forms of abuse and gradual accumulation of wealth by the people from Dubrovnik by forcing them to obey new fiscal measures and regulations. In that con- text a monopoly was introduced over the sale of, silver, that merchants from Dubrovnik wanted to buy “from just one person”, and there was an attempt to abolish the rogulation by which in the lawsuits between people from Dubrovnik and Serbia, the Dubrovnik man’s oath was valid enough if a Serb was a debtor. It was a big privi- lege of the merchants from Dubrovnik that Despot Stefan Lazarevié wanted to abolish and that in addition to his other measures — increasing of the customs dues persecution of the Dubrovnik merchants from Novo Brdo, order to debtors not to pay back to people from Dubrovnik, the con- fiscation of silver caravans from Vidin ~ brought about bitter conflicts with Dubrovnik.‘ Despot Stefan Lazarevi¢ also implemented other measures in the sphere of fiscal policy. ‘The aim was to increase the income of the treas- ury and protect the monetary system. Stefan Lazarevié minted a series of his issues at the Novo Brdo mint. Only two types, howev- er, are known today, which on the basis of their a Apoyrai KUESOY . a TPEByjadun Heasauweswh 232 Becua Paduh (Crecpan Jlasapesah Bpera 1 (ca. 19) Azepe + IESVS CRISTVS NOV Pana Xpu- ora c HiIMOOM OKpeRyTa sMeM Penepe — CONTE S-TEFAN pap. Kues y xa- iti H¢ MlojacoMt CrojM oxpeny auneM. ¥ eco} PYNH NpIKH CKMNTAp ¢ WaGapyMoM, a JieBa MY 110- ‘inna 4a nojacy Bpera 2 (cn. 20) Asepe — +IESVS CRISTVS NO Tapa Xpu- cra ¢ HUMGOM oxpeHyTa Hem. Pewepe - CON-TE STEFAN Ill1em ca gpa ro- neha pora oxpenyr Haneso. Cacamne je wanecko ja je Crechan Tasapesith KopA0 Ht Apyre BpCTe HOB Y HOBOOPACKO} KOBH- Wu, HapowurTo TOKOM eBOr ecMOTEKOF MepHOTA Ka~ xa je Hoso Bpjo mpeycrassbaso jenatt of Hajpehux pyawuka Ha mpocropy uexnpannor Bankana, Ho OBE KOBHNME CY MPOHCTKNA WeKa ON TerOBHX Gpojnnx Kovarsa. Ty y mpaoM peny MHCMHMO Ha jut nape ¢ XpucToM Koji cegu Ha mpecrony Ha aBepcy u RxaapeM KOju CTOjN Ha peRepey* H Ka GpojHe pcre oGo11a Koje cy Habe TOKOM apxeooUIKH ucrpaxxupaipa Ha Honom Bpay. Kako cy y muvaisy YANKaTHU MpuMepWIK MO3HATH caMO 13 OBO rpaja, MOXEMO MpeTmOcraBiTTH a Ce Pay © OKAMTHHN enulcujaMta HOBUA, KOBAKHM 3a CBAKOAMEBHA TIA haiwa. ¥ mrrarsy cy cpomne epcre koje ce oxsmnkyjy najseuthe mpes{cranoM Kpera Wa tlecToKpake 3Be- ue Ha ABEPCY H HIIeMA, ONHOCKO ABOPEAKOT TTH jeqwopeawor Harnuca a pesepey (cn. 21-26)5! Tlojana o6on1a y Honom Bpiy je anavajna jep yxa- ayje, Y Henocrarky APyrux exoHOMeKHX noKaaaTe- Joa, Ja je cTeneH Moweraprauuje ypOanmx uestta- pa nonyr Hosor Bpua soerurao Bitcox Huso, Cano céom npetxomunKy, xector Bypab Bpanxonith je nacranio ya caMocTaxHo BORH HOB- ‘any ommtiy. 360r opora je jloItIa0 y cyKOO ca ayOpoBauKHM TproBuMa 3a Koje ce samorK1N0 Hy- Spowauko Behe, koje ynyhyje aecnory ‘Byphy Bpauxonuhy 6pojne npurouope. Oust ce opoce ia us Mepa Koje je HecHOT HOHEO KAKO OH SAMITHTHO 3aqyACHO CTaHOBHMUITEO HOBOGPACKOT TPra H OKONHIHe ON AYOPOBAIKMX TPrOBAlla Koj Cy Ce s1e- cto eypono oj uociuTit npesta cnojuum ayrxttnTMa, ¥ TOM KILBY AOHeTe cy oppende o ucMTAhnBaRBy 2y- ToBA ,,HOBHM HoBLeM", y ogHocy 16:10, 22 3a6pann gaTRapaiba JYPKHMKa, OjLtararby MpORaje WHKOBHX ocena 3a TOMY AaHa, ysnMarby caMO 10 TpehmHe sapajee u cTaapaiby MeWlOBITe nopore cacraBsbeHe ox nonosuue Hy6poziana u nonoeune CpGa. Ona- Ba NOpOTa ORAY'UMBANA je y CBHM cTIOPOBANA 13- KOBHMLA CPIICKOT CPE{{OBEKOBHOT HOBILA. YY HOBOM BPY Meby JlyGponyana 1 Cp6a, a we saxsiersa JlySpos- amma, Coit opi mpoOxesu oncramH cy 10 Kpaja Tlecnotonmie, ann npen rypexom onacHomthy 611m cy MornenyTa ¥ apyrit nat ‘Oj noyerka XV peka, na eve 40 tata Howor Bpaa nog Typxe 1445. rogue, o8aj rpay, je 6x0 U3HOXKEH CTANHHM TypCKHM HarlayuuMa. 3a CRE OBO speme, vax i nog Onicanom 1427, m nocae npBor ama HonopacKe Tephase 1441. rowume, om je npectabsbao BaKAH pysapcKH WeHTap. MaKo je HOULIO AO NopeMehaja, KaKO Y AKHBOTY rpaja Ta- KO Hy PYRapCkMM nOcnoBuNA, Upe csera y Tpro- BAYKHM Be3aMa, Y HOBOOPACKOM Tpry HHCY Mpe- cram exemtoaraiija cpeGpa n Konambe Hosa. O onoMe chezo4e KoHTAKTH jectoTa ‘Eypha Bpan- xopuha ca rpafickom ynpazom u genaTHocr qy6po- Bauke KOMOHHje Koja MOXe Ja ce Mpari HO Gpojy KoNsys1ara M cHloposuMa y wuMa. Y mepHony on 1435. go 1439. rogue, Kaj je akruswocr 1y6po- BaLIKe KOTONMje HBYSeTHO BeANKA, Gpoj KOHSyz1a~ ‘Ta jocrunxe choj Hajehi Gpoj ~ yxynHo 127.53 ¥ jibe Hapesue rojme, y Bpeme oncaxe Honor Bp- Ja, AKTUBHOCT JYOPOBAYKAX TPOBalla ONCKHBAKO ce emassyje, na Ou 1442. rogue, nocne, ypehewa omtioca {Iyoposunka u Hope, oXfa oHOBO O«H- nena, Te romune oGaBsbajy ce u nehM nocsioBH, Kao Owaj be3aH1 3 KYNOBUNY Behe KOU T1aN- ckor epe6pa. Tocao je 6u0 noRepex ay6porauKost rprosuy Mapuaaery Huxonuhy, a cpedpo je 1pe- Gao npexo [[y6pornmka wapectu y Bewentujy.-* 'Y ppene gecnora Bypha Bpaxoouha ua Ho- nom Bpay je pajtita Konuuua Hoxta, 0 YeMy cBe- goue, Hopey 6pojHHX noMeHa quHapa de Nouaber- da, oxwocno de Nowamonte- y eropujcKHM 11380- puia,*S u pe apcre juapa lecnora bypha Bpan- Kopitha ca uMewom yexe NOBO BPbAO (ca. 27-28), Pew je o emucujasa KoBua Koje cy ce noja- Bile HAKOH HOBYaHE PedopMe Kojom je peopra- HHS0BAHO KoBate HORNA. Ona pecpopnaa je AaTo- arta y ppeme Oko 1435. sta Gas a poKyMeHra ua TIyOpowauxor apxuga rye ce HOMMESy HOBIE Una put. Ha ockosy mpsor casiajemo ga je 1435. roan ke jlecoT n3qao Hapeberse 1a ce HOBMM HOBLIEM ~ monete nove — UMajy HeIuIAhHBATH {yTOBK TAKO ja ce jlecer rpomia mpunajy sa mecuaecr rpouia Ay. roga.55 Y apyrom joxyMety, 13 1436. roquHe, peut je o jentioj mpecymut norieroj y Hosom Bpay, Hapoge ce grossi novi de Nouaberda livre cinque et de grossi vechi livra una, onze quatro? Owe npome- He cy ce Ormename y peOpradisoBAiBy KOBAKA yeeyeno je OOenekabatse KORHHIA Ha HOBIY, 10- aurayra je TexuHa juHapa y3 cMamerbe BEMNHHE naownne. Hosa auiapu cy ce omuikonann npyra- MUjoM YMeTHHIKOM OGpagoM upepcrasa ita HOBLY.SERBIAN MEDIAEVAL MINT AT NOVO BRDO abbreviated inscriptions, we can relate with cer- tainty to this mint. The word is of the types from the time of the princedom, with Christ with a nimbus on the obverse, while on the other side the first type has an image of the ruler standing and holding his sceptre with labarum, and the second has a helmet with two bull-horns. On the obverse there is the legend +IESVS CRISTVS behind which there stands an abbreviation for the mint NOV, or a simplier NO, or only N (Figs, 19-20).46 We think that this “sighum” stands for the Novo Brdo mint. It should be emphasized that with the second type we also noticed the mark PR that could possibly stand for the Pristina mint. This latter emission could be pos- sibly dated after 1396, when the most of Vuk Brankovie’s territories, including Pristina, was ceded to Duke Stefan Lazarevié? It is not known to us in what percentages dinars of these ‘two types were found in hoards, since these issues were not specified until now. The average weight of the first type is approx. 0.49 g, and of, the second one up to 0.55 g. Stefan Lazarevié Type 1 (Fig. 19)¢8 Obverse - HIESVS CRISTVS NOV Christ's head, with nimbus, facing. Reverse - CONTE S-TEFAN The duke standing, facing, in his dress with belt. He is hold- ing a sceptre with labarum in his right hand, and his left is resting on the belt. Type 2 (Fig. 20)" Obverse - +IESVS CRISTVS NO Christ's head, with nimbus, facing Reverse - CON-TE STEFAN Helmet with two bull-horns, turning left. It is quite certain that Stefan Lazarevié also had other types of coins minted at Novo Brdo, particularly during his reign as a despot, when Novo Brdo was one of the largest mines in the Central Balkans. Some of his many issues came from this mint. We primarily mean here the dinars with Christ sitting on the throne - on the obverse, and the ruler standing - on the reverse, as well as numerous types of oboli found during archaco- logical excavations at Novo Brdo site. Since those are the unique pieces known only from this town, we can assume that those were some local issues of coins, minted for everyday use. Mutually relat- ed types are concerned, most often with the image Vujiatin tvanisevie Vesna Radic 233 of cross or a six-rayed star on the obverse, and of a helmet or one or two lines of an inscription on the reverse (Figs. 21-26)! The appearance of oboli at Novo Brdo is significant, because it shows, in absence of other economic indicators, that the level of monetization of urban centers, such as Novo Brdo, was high Similar to his forerunner, Despot Durad Brankovié continued an independent monetary policy. That is the reason why he came into a conflict with the merchants from Dubrovnik, who were supported by the Dubrovnik Council. The Council sent their numerous objections to Despot Durad Brankovic. They were about a sequence of measures introduced by the Despot in order to protect those members of the popula- tion of Novo Brdo and its surroundings that were indebted to merchants from Dubrovnik, who were often brutal to their debtors. To that brought about were the provisions on paying debts with the “new money”, in proportion 16:10 prohibition imprisoning the debtors, delay of sale of their properties for a year, taking away up to one third of their income, and form- ing a mixed jury composed equally of people from Dubrovnik and people of Serbia. Such jury decided all disputes between people from Dubrovnik and Serbs, and the solemn swearing of the Dubrovnik side was abolished. Those problems lasted until the end of the Despot's state, but gradually became less important under the threat of the Turks. From the beginning of the XV century until the Turks occupied Novo Brdo in 1445, the town was under constant attacks by the Turks. During all that time, even during the siege in 1427 and after the first Turkish occupation of the Novo Brdo fortress in 1441, it was an important mining centre. Although there was a disturbance of the city life as well as of the mining activities, in the first place in trade connections, the exploitation of silver and minting of coins did not stop at Novo Brdo. This is testified by the contacts between Despot Durad Brankovic and the city administration, and by the activities of the Dubrovnik settlement which can be traced by the number of consulates and lawsuits in it During the period 1435-1439 when the activity of the Dubrovnik colony was extremely vivid, the number of consulates was at its greatest - totalling 12753, During the following two years, at the time of the siege of Novo Brdo, the activi- ty of the merchants from Dubrovnik declined, asByjadun Hoaraaueouh 234 » Becna Paduh Jeno Of OCHOBHUX OGenexKja HOBHX emncHja upertcransba ukoHorpacuja y Kojoj cy mpeosnaby- jyhu peamrnosii MOTHBH Hs NpeTXoMHor HepHO;a SaMeneHH MpoaxuM upemIOMMNMA Koj Kpace Hajachn ne HOBHX juHapa 4 oGosta.S* VG opor pasqo6ma mosaare cy enatcnje KOBHH- a Caegepevo, Pymmux, Pynmura Hoxo Bpgo. eu je o KoBarunta oprannsoBaRM To HCTOM ne; OUIKY, Koja ce jenmtHo pasaHKyjy MO HMeHY KOBHI- ye. TaKO H Be TO3HaTe eMHCHje HOBOOPCKE eKe Majy cpoje napaene y Konarbina Cétenepena 1 Pyqiiika, Kao my HeoGenexennm opcrania, Ha abepey mpse Bpcre npukasan je Bnajap KAKO crojE UW Apau y qecHo} pyuE Yenpanmex au, a y s1e8o} 106 c KPCTOM, J]OK ce Ha MpeyUs0j crpaHH Apyre BP- cre Haa3u TpopequM Harmuic. Pesepe uM je 3ajen- HTMKL Ca CATIKOM Jlaba He MMeHOM ueKe. Cpeyba Te- 2xiia mpsor THT wsHocH 1,00 g, a mpyror 1,05 g9 HoBoOpackn auHapu KouAMM cy Ha LIMpOKOM npocropy. Bemexumo 6 luHapa npge apere y e- noy 13 Tlonenmja y Pyayunjn y Kome anne pyro Kopamwe no RaxkHocTH,®) Kao H Halas jenROr MpH- epka y Typu Cerepuny.®! ‘Bypab Bpauxosah Bpera 1 (ex. 27) ‘Agepe - AGGHOTh Ti0PhTh Jlecnor ca orBopetiost xPYHOM, Y HtamITy, MaHUMpY, KasbUEE i ca flojacom cea Ha mpecTony Ge HacoKa, oxpenyr auuem. ¥ aectoj pyun Apt yenpap:ben Matt, a y eH) T7106 ¢ KPCTOM. Penepe -N-B BP-A-0 Jlas xopava naneno. Bpera 2 (ext. 28) ‘Anepc ~ Fb AG/CHOTH/TIOPTh Bap. Penepc ~ NOBO B-P-b-A-0 pap. JTan Kopa- sa nasteno. Tlomenyre gue ppere ne mpemcraprajy jemmne exncuje Hopua qecrora ypha Bpanxopitha kopa- He y HoBOOpyckoj ueKH. Ono} KOBAMUK MoxeNo UMpuncata, ca 1030M onpestocrH, perke exsicuje Koje cy npoutabyerie Ha Honom Bpay. Pes je 0 jenso} peri auwapa ¢ mpencranowt Xpuicra y MaaopaH Ha avepcy i ca BIIepenaC HaTIHICOM Ha peBepcy (ca, 29), mo Tpu BpeTe Oona ¢ pasiH4ETHM npegcrabama. Ha mpaom oGony Hastasiino npesicra- Be riage lecnora aBa, Ha ApyTo} cMMKY rane Xpiicta u tpopesor Harmmca, a Ha Tpehoj sana 1 ABormaBor Opa ca paMMpeHua KpHANNA (cA 30-32). Cue 1pu apere o6oma mpencransbajy yil- Katie IpHMepxe nosHae jenuHo ca Honor Bpra. KOBHMLA CPIICKOF CPELHLOBEKOBHOF HOBLIA YY HOBOM BPLY. Tluwiapn pecnora Bypha Bpauxosuha mexsat cy ce 3a 42 rpoma — suapa 3a jenast qyKar. Onaj napuret wamasHMo y nocnostioj KieH3H Muxana Jysapesuha, Tapasy Ceprnja Jmarrpujestha na ce HOBay, gecHoTa bypha Bpanxosuha y uszopy- Ma HagHBao acmpa He MOXEMO NDUNBATHTI 1:3 BI me passiora.% Acnpa ce HUEyIe y mHicaHiIM WaROpI- Ma He moResyje ca CplCKHM HOBIIeM. OKe ce HaBo- ney nocnosiioj kibsi3H M. /lyxapesitha napazeao ca TPOnINMa H TOM MPHAUKOM HM ce Aaje past wurt lapurer om aunapa: jena AyKaT BpeAM Of 34,5 0 36 acmpx, omtocHo 42 rpoma — qusapa.? Jegant off ockonHix apryMenara ga ce He past o actpasa, OsHOCHO AKYaMa, Mpegerawba HW caNt eptickit Hoban cucTest Kojm je ¥acHoRaH Ha lor- HO gpyrins ocHoBaMa 03, oHor OcMasicKor tap- crea, ¥ CpOujit ce kyjy Tp Howmare cpedpHor HoBIa — AUHapHt, MoaygUMapH (?) 1 Om, Koje ‘TYPCKH MoneTapwit cHICTeM ca 3naTHHM AYKATUMA, akuanta y cpe6py 1 MaHTypaMa on uuicTor GaKpa we nlosnaje. AKYe cy, mopest oBora, Guae Texe M BeponaTHo cy KoRaHe og cpeGpa Behe ¢hunohe. Testa aku usniocusta je 1410. ronuue 1,15 g, a 1431 1,18 g. Tex 1444, rogune HouxoBa EpenHoct je nana Ha 1,01 g. Ca mpyre crpaue, cpeyma TexKH: a HOBHX mpHapa pectora ‘Bypha Bpanxonuha xperama ce on 1,10 10 0,77 &. Typexe axue cy Konaie mapasenHo ca epn- CKHM AuapuMa Kaxo TO jac cToja y Kr M Tlykapesitha, wiro cy norepaiwiH m Haxasi ona ca Honor Bpaa (npazor 1). Octony Hopuate Mace wi je eprtcKH HoBAL unjy mupxyaaunjy MoxeMo mpaTuTi, y MpaRoM enicny, ca Konamunta Kpaba MunyTmaa y speme aja je, cysehit lo waBopuna, samovena eKerto- atauuija pyse na mpocropy Honor Bpna. Hanas jeuuor nedewujaucxor rpoma pyxKqa Tosamja Tanona (1280-1289) we more ce y3er KAO Me~ pojlapan jep je omenyr rpomt, st8a nyra npoby- nex, 6xio HomeH Kao Haku. Onrimaj Hosa Howe ja pacte on Bpemena esa Jlazapa, a 6 locrurao cBoj BPxyHall Ca KO- naibiima necnora Credasa JTasapenitha u ‘Bypha Bpanxosuha. HysiaMariikit nowaitn c& y OBOM caysajy noxsanajy ca necrama o noBehanmst ak- ‘Tusuocrusia y Hopos Bpay. Hanasu cy noxaaaat, cca npyre crpanie, ja je 1 uupxysrannja TypCKOr HOB- ua Grima aHasajda, Hoy mpatiwo seh Om spestena cysrrana Bajastira I (1389-1402) yo Exmpa Cyaej- Mana (1402-1411) kana 3anmpe. OGnapiba ce ue- uiTo Kaciije ca enmeujama avs Mypara IL (1421-1444; 1445-1451) wacrapmsa ce ca Kovarbii- a Mexwega II (1444-1445; 1451-1481). ¥ apyrom pasnocsby nojap:byly ce y BenuKOM Gpojy m stanry-SERBIAN MEDIAEVAL MINT AT NOVO BRDO could bave been expected, and in 1442, after the settlement of relations between Dubrovnik and the Sublime Porte, it came back to life again. During that year some large deals were also exe- cuted, like the one involving purchase of a large quantity of “argentum de glama”. The deal was entrusted to the Dubrovnik merchant Marinée Nikoli¢, and the silver was to be exported to Venice via Dubrovnik During the time of Despot Durad Brankovie's rule the mint was active at Novo Brdo. The testimonies, besides the numerous mentions of the dinar de Nowaberda and de Nowamonte in historical sources $$ also include the two types of the dinar of Despot Durad Brankovié bearing the name of the mint HOBO BebAO (Figs. 27-28). The word is of the coin issues that appeared after the monetary reform, which included the reorganization of minting in Serbia. This reform has been dated around 1435 on the basis of two documents from the Dubrovnik archive, in which new dinars were mentioned. On the basis of the first we are informed that in 1435 the Despot issued the order that the new money — monete nove - was to be used for paying debts in the proportion of ten rossi of payment to sixteen grossi of debt. The second document, dated 1436, is about a verdict brought at Novo Brdo, and it says grossi novi de Nouaberda livre cingue et de grossi vecchi livra una, onze quattro? These changes were reflected in the reorganization of minting; the name of the mint on the coin was introduced, the weight of the coins was increased and the size of the platelets was reduced. The new dinars were char- acterised by their different art-work. One of the main characteristics of those new emissions is the iconography in which the predominant religious motives from the previous period are replaced by secular models on most new dinars and oboli.5* Emissions from the mints of Smederevo, Rudnik, Rudi’te, and Novo Brdo are known from this period. The word is of issues organized observing the same model and differing only by the name of mint. Thus two well- known emis- sions from the Novo Brdo mint have their paral- lels in the coins from Smederevo and Rudnik, as well as in some unmarked types. On the obverse of the first type there is the image of the ruler standing and holding a raised sword in his right hand, and a globe surmounted by the cross in his lefi, while on the obverse of the second type there is a three-line inscription. They share the Vujadin Ivanisevic’ Vesna Ree 255 same reverse with the image of a lion and the name of the mint. The average weight of the first type is 1.00 g, and of the second 1.05 g.°° The Novo Brdo dinars circulated over a large territory. Six dinars of the first type were found in the depot in Podeni, Rumania, where they mean the second most important issue, while one piece was found at Turnu Severin.*! Durad Brankovié Type 1 (Fig. 27) Obverse - AGCHOTL riophrb The Despot, facing, with an open crown, in his cape, armour, dress and the belt, sitting on the throne without back. He is holding a raised sword in his right hand, and a globe surmounted by the cross in his left. Reverse —H-B BP-A-O A lion going to the left Type 2 (Fig. 28) Obverse - Tb A6/GNOTH/TI0Prh Reverse - HOBO B-P-b-A-0 A lion walk- ing to the left The two types mentioned here do not repre- sent the only issues of Despot Durad Brankovie’s coins minted at the Novo Brdo mint. Some rare coins found at Novo Brdo can be ascribed, not without a certain reserve, however, to this mint, The word is of a type of dinar with the image of Christ in mandorla on the obverse. and several lines of an inscription on the reverse (Fig. 29)% while there are also three types of oboli with different representations. On the first obolus there are the images of the despot’s head and of a lion, on the second one there is the image of Christ’s head and a three-lined inscrip- tion, and on the third one a lion and a two-head- ed eagle with spread wings (Figs. 30-32). All the three types are unique examples of oboli known only from Novo Brdo. Despot Durad Brankovi¢’s dinars were exchanged at the rate of 42 grossi — dinars to a ducat. This rate is stated in an account book of Mihailo Lukarevié. The claim made by Sergije Dimitrijevié that Despot Durad Brankovi¢’s money was called akges in the original sources we can not accept, for a number of reasons. This name is not mentioned anywhere in written sources in connection with Serbian coins. They are quoted in M. Lukarevie’s business book parallelly with grossi and are attached the parity differentByjadun Hearuuesuh a6 Beena Paduh pe o4 Gaxpa Koje cy Kopuuthene Kao MoneTa 3a caKouviesia Tutaharsa, FbUXOB onTHaj TowGe xarno a pacte neh ox npemexta Mypara TI. Hlonaiy Yrapexe u Bocue urpao je, cyeh npenta Hysti- SMaTHKN HALT@IHMA, Mathe SAM@KEHY VION. Ocnanuunje cy pau nyr oczojuite Hoso Bpao 1441. u apoane cy ra yo 1444. romune. Y obo KpaTkoM pasoGmy HcKoBaHe cy aK4e 3a cyzTalta Mypara II ca oaHaKkoM Hone ocMatmijcKe KOBHH- ue Hosap 1 royuwom 834. 0 xnypi.”9 Pea je 0 Perko] esucujit HOMA HcKORaHo] y Manoj cepitj. Haxon saysnwarsa Honor Bpya 1455. romune Ocwratimije cy oprannsoname HOBO KoBaRe ROBIA TIpse emncuje npowsaunie 13 one KonHMMe Gum cy ake cynTana Mexwena II oGenexene room 855.7" Manu Opoj cayynaxux npumepaka ax ope alle eMcHje, Y OJHOCY Ha KacHija OcwaKLIHjcKa xopatba 49 Honor Bpna, ykaayje fa je Konaise ax- ML MpBHM ropuHaMa Gnulo Masior OOuMa. TeK ca APYFOM eMHCHjOM HOBOOPACKE KOBHEME, Koja HO- cH roguny 865, 1 aaje ce KoBaRbe MOXKE ATORATHE nocre 1460, rome, sanoune sHauajunje KoBa- we axvun (cn. 33).72 Tlocnequue apyror saysmqasa Honor Bpna Gune cy Muoro Texe Hero MipBor. PenpecuBHe Mepe npeay2eTe nporun 1oKanHor eraHOBHHMLTBA, Y TP BOM Peay yOujaise Hajeubenujax rpabana, jlowene cy 10 Hanyurratsa rpaga H 3aMupaiwa excibioaTauid- KOBHMUA CPIICKOF CPE[OBEKOBHOT HOBLA Y HOBOM BPAY je cpeSpa. O nany axrunnocru cpeyoun Gepar cyn- ‘Tawa Mexwena Il wsgar oxo 1460. rogue 0 nenuta- -711600.000 acnpi 3a naberse Boye 13 MOTOTBEHNX H ‘ouuraeuso Hanyurrennx oxana pyaauxa y Hopom Bpsy.”3 O aanyurresocrn pynenka rosope u ApyrHt aKTHt 13 KOjHX Ce BHU Na ce ans ~ 3aKymaN PY‘ uuka ~ Honor Bpga 2anuo wa Tloprit sa ,.:1acHn- Wi Karla He Bayle PyAY Kao Y crapa HpeMeHa Ht ja He uckaayjy 2OOpy Bomy y pany’. Pau o6Hose poranomise cy.rTaH je nocaao jacakanjy ~ wapexor MacmanmKa — pas HHCHEKHUje PYAHHKA H OKAKA ca uisseM OHORe eKenmoaraugtie."* Tlocae typcKor saysuwarsa Honor Bpya, ca ‘eMambetiow pynapekow akTuaHomihy y {pyro} no- opm XV Beka, LYOPOBAUKA KOTOKIja y OFOM ueHTpy ry6u cao} paxj sHavaj. Bpoj Kowsynara ce chaibyje m1 Bnmie ce He HaHsiasM Ha [yGponsane KAO BIACHIKE PyRAPCKUX OKAHA 1 KOA HAM 3a~ kymue HoBoOpacke yapitue. Y casaisenom Opojy, nopoSpyckit rprosu, kao Huxxua Jlexnh, nosnat jou us cpnicKiix BpeMexa, OAp>KaRajy H Masse 11O- caosie ses ca JIy6ponrmKont’> Ocxaninnje cy mpeyzene 4 wacrasue npows- BOUBY cpeOpa y HOBOOCHOJeHHM OGITACTHMA 11 NO- pehare mpownommy axau. Hono6pycka KoBHHa ce H lame paspnjama, ma Gu y XVI pexy npecra- pubana jenty of HajsHariajanjux Kopmuua cpe6pHor HOBUa Y eBPoricKOM jleny OcMaHcKOr LlapcrBa. Topexo cuumssenor nosna (ysehasse x 1,5) 1. Hapoxam aysej Beorpan; Ocrasa Coxo Baws; Cweura TL a0 2, Haposa nyse Beorpax: crass Coxo Bata; Coen Tess 3. Hapa nyse Beorpn; Ocrass Cono Bata; Cuenta} fel 4. Hapa nyse Beorpan; Ocrana Coxo Bata; Cuenta} th 5. Haponm wysej Beorpan; Ocrasa Kuseso; Cera} Tg? 6. Hapoamn mysej Beorpon; Ocrasa ¥poutesan; Cxeurraj The 7. Hapoaun nyse} Beorpaa; Ocrasa ¥pourewau: Cueurraj Ties 8. Hapoman mysej Beorpaa, Ocrena ¥pontenatg Centra} T.Macd 9. 36upxa Konasesuh; Cweurraj T. XI b-2 10, Hapogan mysej Beorpast Ccrewareka s6upKa; Hiuerrrap 1/2, 3223 ‘._36upxa Kosaseonh; Cverataj XXXVI -7 12. 36npsa Kosaxseems; Catcurraj X, bS 13, Hapogim aysej Beorpan: Ocrasa Hyxa; Mw, 1/2-1451 14, Hapomumn mye} Beorpas: Ocrasa iyxa; Vn. 12-1471 15. Hapoyun asyae} Beorpan: Ocrasa Uysa: Vim. 12-1447 16, Haposue atyae} Beorpan; Ocrasa Uyxa; Ms. 1/2-285 17, Haposan nyse} Beorpast Ocrasa Yyxa; Vue. 112-1473 18, Hapopue uyac] Beorpaa, Cucrewarexa s6xpia. Viupexrap i112, 2949 19 36upxa Kosaievuh; Ceutraj XVI €9 20, 36upKa Kosavesuh, Cueurraj XXXVI, be? 21. apo wysej Beorpax; Hoo Bpxo; Tepecia auupenrrap 168/1957 22. Hapoxst se] Beonpar; Hoo Bpno; Tepewcx snsouap 533/1958 23, Haporimuyaej Beorpan; Hoso Bpxo; Tepeexit aunenrap 13771959 24. Hapogs mye] Beorpan; Hovo Bono; Tepenexat waentrap 1731962 25, Haposun ty3ej Beorpan; Hoso pro; Tepewext suanenerap 270/1962 26, Hapoxsnt wyaej Beorpay; Hovo Bpzo; Tepewcxst suapexerap 168/1957 27, Hapoyant wysej Beorpax; Cucrenarexa s6xp Vownexrap tl, 118 28, 36upea Konavcauh; Coeur XVI, ht 29, 36upxa Kosavean; Cateuraj IX, 9 30, Hapouut wyac} Beorpas; Hoso Bpso; Tepencea, suspeurap 186/1957 31. Hapoyt syne] Boorpag; Hoso Bpyo; Tepencas suupeterap 95/1957 32, Haponan syse) Beorpaa; Hoso Bpzo; Tepencxs vnesrrap 189/1957 38. Haponut wyae] Beorpas; Hoso Bo; vnwetrrap 1962Byjadun Hearnaueewh 238 vn Becna Paduh KOBEMIA CPNICKOF CPETHOBEKOBHOr HOBLA YY HOBOM BPILY HAJIA3M CPEBPHOr HOBLIIA M3 HOBOT BPIIA Hosa je onpeben npewa LL. Huser, Minzkatafog Ungarn, Von 1000 bis Heute, Munchen 1979 B, Moamniueauh, Honvaperse cpeamonexonue CpOuje, Beorpas 2001 N. Pere, Osmantilara madeni paralar,Itambul 1968 1. Rengjeo, Corpus der mittelalterlichen Minzen von Kroatien, Slavonien, Dalmatien und Basnien, Graz 1959, Bp. Baazap 1 Crespan: Ypoun I Muaymns (1282-1321) 2 Creda ¥poun Tl Mnsxyrim (1282-1231) 3 Creshax Jlymas (1331-1355) 4 Cresbax ¥poun (1355-1371) 5 Creshax ¥poun (1355-1371) 6 Kaes Masap (61370-1389) 7 Kies Masap (€.1370-1389) 8 Kae Maaap (61370-1389) 9 Knes Hasap? (61370-1389) 10 Kues asap (1370-1389) 11 Bys Bpanxopith (1375-1396) 12 Byx Bpanxopith (61375-1396) 13 Jaxon (€1380-€.1385) 14. Jaxon (€1380-¢.1395) 15 Cregpan llasapennh (1389-1402) 16 Creshon Tasapemth (1389-1402) 47 Crespan Slasapewah (1389-1402) 18 Cresban Tasapemh (1389-1402) 19 Cregpan HTasapenuth (1389-1402) 20 Crespan STasapersth (1389-1402) 21 Credpan JTanapenuh (1402-1427) 22 Cxerhan Slasapennh (1402-1427) 23 Crespan Slasapennh (1402-1427) 24 Cresbau Slasapewh (1402-1427) 25 Crerhan Slasapemn (1402-1427) 26 Cresban Tlasapenih (1402-1427) 27 Crespau Slasapensh (1402-1427) 28 Crespau Jlasapenih (1402-1427) 29 CrerhantSlasapesi (1402-1427) 30 CresparTasapensth (1402-1427) 31 Creepat Jlaxapenith (1402-1427) 232 Creshax TTasapenith (1402-1427) 33 CrechatJTasapennh (1402-1427) 34 Cresbaw JTasapensth (1402-1427) 35 Crean Mlasapenuh (1402-1427) 36 Creshant Sasapenith (1402-1427) 37 Credban SIasapenith (1402-1427) 38 Crespant Slazapennh (1402-1427) 39 Crespan Jlasapensth (1402-1427) +40 Bpene Crechasa Jlasapenmha (1389-1427) 41 Bpewe Credhaxa Jlasapenuha (1389-1427) 42 Bypab Bpanxopith (1402-1427) 43 ‘Bypat Bpanxosnh (c 1402-1427) 44 Bypab Bpanosith (6 1402-1427) 43 Bypab Bpankooah (c.1402-1427) 46 Bypab Bpankoomh (c-1402-1427) 47 Bypab Bpauxosuth (¢ 1402-1427) 48 Bypab Bpankosith (¢ 1402-1427) 49 Bypab Bpankosuh (1427-1456) 50 Bypab Bpankosuh (1427-1456) 51 Bypab Bpankonuh (1427-1456) 52 Bypab Bpankonuh (1427-1456) 53 Bypab Bpankoouh (1427-1456) Hono Bpxo Hono Bpno? Hono Bppo? Howo Bpno? Hono Bpno? Hono Bpno? Hoo Bpno? Hoo Bpyo? Hoo Bpao? Hono Bpa0? Hopo Bpao? Kosmma Houmman Bpcra Shap Tuixap luna wap aap ouwap Thuxap Thawap Tuatap ‘ap ‘Alunap Akaxap Alonap Alwiap luwap ‘Shunap Shap harap Alrep Bheap ‘mrap ‘hap Thorap Aunap suaap slonap wap Aluap O60 O60 600, 60a 60x 601 50a 060 0602 60x O60 0x 00x ALmap Somap Sup Shep Somap Smap Sbuiap Snap Shinap ‘Sbacap Sbinap Shap Moanumtenus 37 Maanuuceuh 3.7 Mnamumesu 6.1 Moranuarenn 9.1 Moannmesub 9.7 Meanuuiean 243 Moanumenus 24.4 osananieav 24.8 Heauamenih 248? Maaummenith 24.14 Meauumeauh 31.14 Manumeaub 31.16 Mrranonuesuh 33.2 Mvaxuuennh 33.2 Manamesuh 42.1? Mauer 42.1 Mraromennh 42.2 Mparonuenih 42.2 Mrannuenuh 42.3 Mnarmuzenuh 42.4 Mnaxourenih 4220 Mipannuesih 42.20 Maasnwsenns 42.25 Mrannuenih 42.43, Moaunuuenth 42.51 annennh 42.53, Moamuuensh 42°58 Hranneauh 42.60, Mraunaneash 42.60, ‘Mpamauesith 42.61 Heaniueasth 4261 Visanuasenuh 42.62 Vinauemonith 42.63 Hipauuuenith 42.64 Visaunuenih 42.64 Vinarwenuh 42.65 Vinamuenuh 42.65 Mipawnuenuh 43.2 Vinaronennh 43.2 Vivasnmenuh 452 Mirawnuennh 45.2 Mnaumuepnh 45.2 nawnuicunts 43.7 Vauaueeus 45.7 Mnarnnucens 45.7 Moarauepus 45.7 Mrarnuenus 45.8 Meamnnenn 45.8 Moaunmernh 45.87 Moannwienuh 45.8 Moamunenuh 45.9 Texoma 0,75 par. 0,60 par. 0,90 par. 0,66 par. 0,25 par. 0.19 par, 0418 par. 0,25 par 038 par, O31 par, 0,32 par. 0,25 par. 0.42 oat 0.5 0,33 102 090 0,18 0.46 par. 033 15 1330 o7 0.26 034 0,16 par, 031 031 037 0,33, 032 030 029 029 o21 0.36 087 02 0,65 0,30 030 0,25 par. 025 093 0.9 0.18 per. 078 090 Tepencas ‘HEReHTA 49/1969 62/1969 10211960 16671960 12711960 2096/1958 180/1960 13/1959 75/1957 74/1969 3296/1962, 45/1969 3191962 380/1982 1501960 34/1962 1364/1958, 208/1962 8/1969 181/1959 257/1958 294/1962 1as11/1962 24/1957 204/1957 711969 10871962 s4SI1/1962 19211957 68/1957 $348/1958 5333/1958 148171962. 16811957 49871958 45/1958 19271962 4n9s9 19/1959 3591958 T1957 16711937 15/1960 154/196 31/1958 249/1958 59511958 43/1959 13971957240 Byjadux Hoanuuesuh Bp. Baap 54 Bypab Bpaakonih (1427-1456) 55 Bypab Bpankosuh (1427-1456) 536 Bypab Bpaskonnh (1427-1456) 51 Bypab Bpasnonith (1427-1456) 538 Bypab Bpauxonuh (1427-1456) 59 Bypab Bpaskonn (1427-1456) 60 Bypab Bpauxonnh (1427-1456) 61 Bypab Bpascxonnh (1427-1456) 62 Bypab Bpassxonsh (1427-1456) 63 Bypab Bpauxonsh (1427-1456) 64Bypab Bpasxosuh (1427-1456) 65 Bypah Bpaskoauh (1427-1456) 66 Bypah Bpanonsh (1427-1456) 67 Bypah Bpasxoanh (1427-1456) 68 Bypab Bpasnxonsh (1427-1456) 69 Cpncia neonpebe 70 Bowaui Jlawsoa (1280-1289) 71 Jiyanur I (1342-1382) “2 Mapuja (1382-1395) 73 Caruessyna (1387-1437) 74 Curnewyna (1387-1437) 75 Curuescyna (1387-1437) 76 Baapacaas T (1440-1448) 77 Bajaur 1 (1389-1402) 78 Bajaur I (1389-1402) 39 Bajaoier I (1389-1402) 80 Bajaur I (1389-1402) $1 Bajar I (1389-1402) 82 Bajaser I (1389-1402) 83 Bajanr I (1389-1402) 84 Bajanu I (1389-1402) 85 Bojan I (1389-1402) 86 Bojan I (1389-1402) 87 Esuip Cystejan (1402-1411) 88 Eomp Cyxejuau (1402-2411) 89 Enmup Cyejwas (1402-1411) 90 Bamp Cyrejwan (1402-1411) 91 Enmp Cyrejuas (1402-1411) 92 Bnp Cyejwast (1402-1411) 93 Enmp Cynejwas (1402-1414) 94 Exp Cynejvas (1402-1411) 95 Enaup Cyejvan (1402-1411) 96 Mypar Il (1421-1444; 1445—1451) 97 Mypar IL (1421-1484; 1445-1451) 98 Mypar II (1421-1484; 1445-1451) 99 Mypar Ml (1421-1444; 1445-1451) 100 Mypar Il (1421-1484; 1445-1451) 101 Mypar Il (1421-1444; 1445-1451) 102 Mypar ML (1421-1444; 1445-1451) 103 Messen H (144-1445; 1451-1481) 104 Mexwen Il (14441445; 1451-1481) 105 Mexoen IL (1444-1445; 1451-1481) 106 Mexaten HL (1444-1485; 1451-1481) 107 Mexwen (1444-1445; 1451-1481) 108 Mexwen TL (1444-1445, 1451-1481) 109 Mexwen Il (1444-1445; 1451-1481) TO Mexwen Il (1444-1445; 1451-1481) 111 Mexweg Il (14441445; 1451-1481) 112 Mexwen Il (1444-1445; 1451-1481) 113 Mexwen Il (14441445: 1451-1481) 114 Credhas:Tostauenuhs (1461-1463) Becua Paduh Kosmma, Howo Bpao? Hoso Bpzo? Cuexepeno Hono Bpao? Hoso Bpao? Hoo Bpao? Hoso Bpao? Hono Bpao? Hono Bpao? Beneunja Kpemnnt Byna Jeapene cep Cep? Cep Cep Cep Jespene Hono Bpr0 Hono Bpro Hono Bpno Hoo Bpno Hoso Bono Horo Bpro Hono Bpno Hoso Bpro Hoso Bpno KOBHMIA CPIICKOF CPE[OBEKOBHOT HOBILA Y HOBOM BPLY Hovaman Bpera Texuma —Tepencxt ‘MRReHTap Tuwap Msamauesnh 45.11 1.12 58/1958 Thuiap Mieasmmesuh 45.11 0,91 4137/1959, Tuuwap Vsaumuenuh 45.20 0,64 T9987 Tiwiap Maannmenwh 452 0,81, 1161957 Slwxap Mranimmennh 4521 0,18 S1S/19S8;256/1958 ‘O60 Mianvniemith 45.22 58/1957 60x Vinaromenuh 4522 21711958 0601 Mvanvmewith 45.22 2342/1958 602 Vnaroamennh 4528 Y7N9S7 0601 Mraxomenih 45.35 701957 Gon Hivauuesh 45. 186/1957 Gon isarumesuh 45.36 95/1957 60% Hiravnuterh 4536 12611957 O60 isauuemsth 45.36 15971959 O60 Hisarmenth 4537 18971957 Two.ap Moaronennh ~ ‘par. 33/1958 Tpout Papadopoli 2 11/1969 evap Huseér $47 par. =/1959 Tlewap Huseér 566 par 535/1958, Slenap Huszér 576 18/1959 Tleuap Huseér 576 168/1957 Tlewap Huszér 576 60/1958 Tlewap Huszér 598 Onces, — /1959 ‘Awwa Pere [3 4185/1960 Awa Pere [3 2350/1962 ‘Agua Pere [3 50/1962 ‘Agia Pere [3 50/1962 ‘Aga Pere [3 asaii962 Agua Pere 13 50/1962 Awa Pere [3 50/1962 Agia Pere [3 50/1962 ‘Agwa Pere [3 350/1962 Agi Pere 13 50/1962 ‘Awia Pere 20 1427/1960, ‘Awa Pere 20 14611960, Agia Pere 20 147/960 ‘Awva Pere 20 234/1960 ‘Agia Pere 20? 14271960 Axua— Pere 22 144960 Axia Pere 2 14771960, ‘Axwa_— Pere 22 15/1960) Axia Pere 27 1460/1960, Axwa Pere 53 par. 359/958 Axia Pere 53 67/1958, Axwa Pere 53 61/1958 Axia Pere 53 67/1958, ‘Axia Pere 53? 0.18 par. 359/1958 Axwa Pere él 095 37/1909 Axia Pere 62 156 a/1958 ‘Axia Pere 85 1,00 25/1958, Axia Pore 8 087 1228/1960 Axia Pore 86 083 21969 Axia Pere 86 02 2/1969 ‘Axua Pore 8 092 21969 Axsa Pere 86 0.96 21969 Axia Pere 86 0,86 2969 Axia Pere 86 087 =/1969 Axia Pere 86 092 ~1969 ‘Axia Pere 86 0,88 2319/1958 Axia Pere 86 092 21/1969 Tomap —Rengjeo 1131 0,85 7969SERBIAN MEDIAEVAL MINT AT NOVO BRDO from that of the dinar: one ducat equalled 34.536 akges and/or 42 grossi - dinars.6? One of the main arguments that the word is not of any akges is the Serbian monetary system itself, based on com- pletely different elements than that of the Ottoman Empire. There are three nominal values of silver coins minted in Serbia - dinars, halfdinars (2) and oboli,® all of them not known in the Turkish monetary system with its gold ducats, sil- ver akges and pure copper manghirs. Besides, akges were also heavier and probably made of higher-purity silver. Their weight, in 1410, was 1.15 g, and in 1431 1.18 g. It was only in 1444 that their value was reduced to 1.01 g On the other side, average weight of Durad Brankovié’s new dinar ranged between 1.10-0.77 g. Turkish akces circulated together with the Serbian dinars as it was clearly stated in M. Lukarevie’s book, and confirmed by the money finds from Novo Brdo (Appendix 1). ‘The basis of the monetary mass were the Serbian coins whose circulation we can follow, in the true sense, with King Milutin’s coinages at the time when, judging by the sources, exploita- tion of ore in the territory of Novo Brdo started. The find by one Venetian coin of Doge Giovanni Dandolo (1280-1289) can not be considered valid testimony because it had been perforated twice and was used as a piece of jewellery. ‘The circulation of coins started growing dur- ing the time of Prince Lazar and was at its height with the issues of the Despots Stefan Lazarevic and Durad Brankovié. Numismatic data in this case agree with the information on increased activity at Novo Brdo, On the other side, finds have shown that the circulation of Turkish coins was also significant. It can be traced from as early as the time of Sultan Bayezid I (1389-1402) till that of Suleyman I (1402-1411), when it fades away. It was restored somewhat later with the emissions of akce by Murad II (1421-1444; 1445-1451), to be continued by Muhammad II's, (1444-1445; 1451-1481) coins. In the second period there appeared a large number of copper manghits used as coins in everyday life. Their flow was suddenly increased as early as in the time of Murad II. Money from Hungary and Bosnia was less prominent in circulation, judging by numismatic findings. ‘The Turks conquered Novo Brdo for the first time in 1441, and occupied it untill 1444, During this short period akges for Sultan Murad II with Vajadin Ivanevic Vesna Radic 2h the stamp of the new Turkish mint “Novar” and the year 834 after the hijrah were minted,” That was a rare issue minted in a small series. Having conquered Novo Brdo in 1455 the Turks organized a new mint. The first issues coming from this mint were Sultan Muhammad II's akce marked year 855." The small number of preserved specimens of this early emission, compared to later Turkish issues from Novo Brdo, shows that akges were minted in small quantities during those initial years. Only the second emission from the Novo Brdo mint signed with the year 865 and dated after 1460, means the beginning of the more significant minting of akces (Fig. 33).72 Consequences of the second conquest of Novo Brdo were much more severe then those of the first one, Repressive measures taken against the local population, primarily the murdering of notable citizens, resulted desertion of the town and fading away of the exploitation of sil ver. Decrease of the activity is testified by Sultan Muhammad II’s decree (barit) published about 1460, concerning payment of 600,000 akge for draining the water out of the flooded and obvi- ously deserted mines at Novo Brdo.”3 The neg- lect of mines is also shown by other documents stating that an amil ~ mine lesee ~ of Novo Brdo complained to the Sublime Porte that “owners of the shafts do not dig out the ore the way they used to in the old days, and they do not show good will in their work”. In order to restore the production the Sultan sent his yasakchiya ~ emis- sary to inspect the mines and shafts in order to restore exploitation. After the Turkish conquest of Novo Brdo, with the decreased mining activity in the second half of the XV century, the Dubrovnik colony in this centre lost its previous importance. The number of consulates grew smaller and there were not any people of Dubrovnik owning mine shafts and “wheels” or being lesees of the Novo Brdo customs. A reduced number of Novo Brdo merchants, like Nika Lekié, known from as early as the Serbian times, maintained their busi- ness connections with Dubrovnik.”5 ‘The Turks took over, continued the produc- tion of silver in their newly conquered territo- ries, and increased the production of akges. The Novo Brdo mint continued its own development and in XVI century it was one of the most impor- tant mints of silver coins in the European part of the Turkish Empire242 Byjadun Heanuweeuh Becua Paouh 1M, Hunuih, 3a ueitiopujy pydapeittan y cpedwoee- koono} CpGiju tu Bocnu, I, Beorpag 1962, 37-38, 2 Hero, 1, Beorpay 1955, 4-5: pygpmtt Tpena 1 Poroaio orwopent cy oxo 1303. rome; 8. Cirkovig, The Production of Gold, Silver, Copper in the Central Parts ofthe Baikans from the 13" to the 16" Century, y: Precious Me- tals in the Age of Expansion, Stuttgart 1981, 42; Mera, Mpoussodiea anata, cpebpa u Gaxpa y yentapaanun oGaaciiuna Baakana 00 iovetixa no60? eka, PaGoit- uu, aojrnyu, dyroonuq, Beorpas 1997, 81 3M. slumb, nae. dex, 1, 5-6 wapostro 14-17 Hono Bpfo je sano rpaacko ypeberse nacacheHo 03 aca, Hera je saniiz0 pehe nyprapa (cackit cya 610 je ‘cacranssert on rpabaxa-nyprapa) Koje je sajexHo ca KHe~ {30M It BojBOROM yirpaBzbavTO cBHM rpaeKUN TIOCOBINE. 4 Hero, I, 2-3: Schurf (cypeba), Schliigel (cere), Hiitenmann (xyrman), Treiber (tpaaSap), Urbarer (yp6opap), Waltworchte (saoryptx). 5 Mero, 1, 12; Il, 43 1 95: nowodpaexit Majcropt, Huxoua ea custom Tlerpox, Tloxpajaix Beausuth J sampuje Tlerposih noswann cy 1397. romute y xpa- senerno Cumiinnje na pane Kao pysapy. ¥ nuemy Bap- ‘roa /Iykapesuha 12 1481. nowimse ce moss Kpama Sepminiansa ABOjmu HOROOpACKHX pysapa no usteHy Hurxoaa Xawve San JTawop. 6 Hero, Il, 86; nonau 13 TprowauKHX xibutra Gpa- hie KaGora irs nepitoga 1427-1429. noxasyiy a je Y TOM IHepwony raantexo cpeOpo 3a oko 3 neprtepa no surrpH Guxo cxynuse Ha TpaxUITy on oOwHor; Hl. Boje, Ar- gentum de glama, eropijexu waconic XVI-XVIL (1970), 15-43. 7M. Husuth, wae. de2o, I, 38 77: HAD, Distr Test. Lf 71 (24 anpun 1350): Branilus de Nouaberda fuit contentus et confessus habuisse et recepisse a Mile- no sartore de Ragusio totum illud quod ipse et eius so- cietas dicto Milleno dimissit ad conservandum, videli- cet ducatos XXV, libram I argenti, yperperos X grosso- rum de Nouaberda. 8Y wosmjoj Gyrapcxoj mrrepatypy nocrojHl TeK- enmuja na ce pag Kosuume Hono Bpso womepe y cpe- uy XIII bexa, Taxo Haat Corapos y chojitt paob- ‘a: Mediaeval Bulgarian Groschen with ,Michael Car* and ,Mihoelis Ipr* Legends, Archeologia Bulgarica 1-2 (1997), 57-70; u The 13th Century Coinage from the West Bulgarian Countries, Macedonian Numisma- tic Journal 3 (1999), 103-119, xpajise mpoussomHo, HATIOMEHE 6e3 nosiaparsa HeTopujckinx wAEBeHIA 1 HyMHSMATH xe rpabe, Tapmit za j¢ Hoso Bpno Gyrapexa uapeKa osuutta y Kojoj je Beh Gyrapext wap Murxauino Acent sajego ca cBojOM Majicont y mlepHony om 1246. 10 1256. rogutie KoBao troaat{ Mo YsOpY Ha BeHeUjancKe 1pm. Aviazuraupajyhit Kanyme Hosa us ja wastasa nportabe- xka y Timtepiige u 1ben0} OKT, Ges NOTEPHE, OH Ja be TUpHU Aa Cy 13 One KOBHHe HBAMLTE EMME Gyrap- xix tapena Kowerauriata Twxa (1257-1277), Teopru- ja I Teprepa (1280-1292) m Muxaua Uhiuscana (1323-1330). Kpajise neapryMewtosatio, erm ayrop agoul ia cy cpnck xparep Iparyrus it Muay, TTocne ,cplicke atexcuje Gyrapexux oGaactu™, ox 1284, rosmue y Honont Bpay KoBazH cBoj HoBal, oxapaKre- ppuicat ao Gyrapexe marrararje! 9M, Jluauh, nas, deao, Il, 38; H. Kopah, Hoswaxn daposu Citiedana Aywana caeitozopexuse manacit- usta, Vicropujexu vaconc XXXVIII (1991), 5-18. 10M, [usb aaa. de20, I, 37-38. 4 Hero, 86-87 12B. Bunanep, Mpo6senu ipoussodwe cpedpa y epedteonexoonoj CpOuju, Meropujexs sane XVIL-3 (1960), 487-489; S. Cirkovig, The Production of Gold, Sil- ver, Copper... 52; Mem, Mpouscodrea saaita, cpetpa w axa .., 94 3M. Mun, nae. deno, I, 28. 18. fluaurpajean, Cpiicxu cpedrsosexoan no- ay naben y dioxy ucxotiasarsa Ha Hoeos Bpoy, 360p- ‘aux pajlowa Haposmior myseja 5 (1967), 271-308. SP. Mapuh, Ciiyduje ua cpiicxe uysusmaiiuxe, Beorpay 1956, L17_128 1D, M, Metcalf, Koauxo kosnu je Zoeiiojaao y Cpbuju sa opewe Citedsana Jyrwana? , Hysarsycarusiap A 0981), 165-176 17 §) Ljubié, Opis jugoslovenskih novaca, Zagreb 1875, ppere B 1b 1-20 u 58-59 (T. VIIL3~7); B VIL a L ub 2-8, T.IX.3 #5; B VIb 10-98, T. VIIL.22; B. Maa: nuuenith, Hoawapeitiao cpedwosexoene Cpbuje, Beo- pa 2001, spcre 6.9, 6.10 u 6.11 18§. Ljubig, as. de.20, Crecpan Ypom I spere Ia 8-9, 11-13 m 20-21 wb 1-2, T. IVT, V1 26-27 m 32, T 1V.24; Crecpan Lparyrim apera IIIb 1 me 1-2, 7. V9 14; B, Moarmuenih, nas. dea, spere 3.7, 5.1 1 6. i9 8. Ljubig, nas. deao, sapere I b 60-99 (T. VILS-8); Ala (T. VILLI-12); A Tb 3 (T. VIL13);B. Wesanmuenub, nae. de2o, spere 6.4, 6.12 1 6.13NOTES 1 M. Dinié, Za istoriju rudarstva u sred- njovekovnoj Srbiji i Bosni I, Beograd 1962, pp. 37-38 2 Ihid., I, Beograd 1955, pp. 4-5: the mines Trepéa and Rogozno were opened around 1303; S. Cirkovié, The Production of Gold, Silver and Copper in the Central Parts of the Baleans from the 13" to the 16 Century, im: Precious Metals in the Age of Expansion, Stuttgart 1981, p. 42; Idem, Proizvodnja alata, srebra i bakra u centralnim oblastime Balkana do potetka Novog veka, in: Rabotnici, vojnici duhovnici, Beograd 1997, p. 81 3M. Dinié, Op, cit., I, pp. 5-6 and especially. 14-17; Novo Brdo had the town organisation inher- ited from the Saxons. It consisted of The Purgar Council (The Saxon court was made of citizens-pur- gars) that together with the Prince and the Duke managed all the town affairs. 4 Ibid., I, pp. 2-3: Schurf, Schlaigel, Htitenmann, Treiber, Urbarer, Waltworchte. 5 tbid.. 1, p.12; 11, pp. 43 and 95: Novo Brdo mas- ters, Nikola with his son Petar, Pokrajac Veligié and, Dimitrije Petrovie were invited to work as miners in the Kingdom of Sicily, in 1397. In Bartol Lukarevie’s letter from 1481, King Ferdinand’s invi- tation to two Novo Brdo miners, named Nikola Hanze and Zan Lapor, is mentioned. 6 Ibid. TI, p. 86; data from the Cavoga brothers merchant books from the period 1427-1429 show that during that time “argentum de glama” was for around 3 perpers per pound more expensive then ordinary silver at the market; I. Voje, Argentum de glama, Istorijski Easopis XVI-XVIT (1970), pp. 15-43. 7M, Dinié, Qp. cit.. 11, pp. 38 and 77: HAD, Disir. Test. 1 f. TL’ (24 April 1350): Branilus de Nouaberda fuit contentus et confessus habuisse et recepisse a Mileno sartore de Ragusio totum illud quod ipse et eius societas dicto Milleno dimissit ad conser vandum, videlicet ducatos XXV, libram argenti, yper- eros X grossorum de Nouaberda, 8 There is a tendency in recent Bulgarian litera- ture to advance the work of Novo Brdo mint in the mid XIII century. Ivan Sotirov in his works Mediaeval Bulgarian Groschen with “Michael Car” and Vujadin Ivanisevic 243 Vesna Radic ‘Mikoelis Ipr”, Legends, Archeologia Bulgarica 1-2 (1977), pp. 57-70; and The XII Century Coinage from the West Bulgarian Countries, Macedonian Numis matic Journal 3 (1999), pp. 103-119, highly arbitrary and without the knowledge of historical facts and numismatic data claims that Novo Brdo mint is a Bulgarian imperial mint in which money was minted observing the model of Venetian grossi, as early as in the period 1246-1256, during the reign of Bulgarian Czar Mihailo Asen and his mother. Analyzing coin molds from two findings at Tigevica and its sur- roundings, without any confirmation he further claims that the issues by Bulgarian czars Konstantin Tih (1257-1277), Georgi 1 Terter (1280-1292) and Completely arbitrarily, the same author states that the Serbian kings Dragutin and Milutin, after the “Serbian annexation of Bulgarian territories”, since 1284 minted their coins in Novo Brdo, described as an immitation of Bulgarian coins! 9M. Dini, Op. cit. II, p. 38; D. Koraé, Novéani darovi Stefana Dusana svetogorskim manastirima, Istorijski Gasopis XXX VIII (1991), pp. S-18 19M, Dinié, Op. cit, II, pp. 37-38 11 id, Th, pp. 86-87 12 V, Vinaver, Problemi proizvodnje srebra u sred- njovekovnoj Srbiji, Istotiski zapisi XVII-3 (1960). pp. 487-489; S. Cirkovié, The Production of Gold, Silver Copper... p-52:S. CitkOvié, Protzvodnja zlata, srebra i bakra..,p. 94. 13M, Dinié, Op. cit. I, p. 28. 14S. Dimitrijevi¢, Srpski srednjovekovni_ novac naden w toku iskopavanja na Novom Brdu, Zbornik radova Narodnog muzeja 5 (1967), pp. 271-308 15 R. Marié, Studije iz srpske numizmatike, Beograd 1956, pp. 117-128 16D. M. Metcalf, Koliko kovnica je postojalo u Srbiji_ ca vreme Stefana DuSana?, Numizmatigar 4 (1981), pp. 165-176. 17 & Ljubié, Opis jugostavenskih novaca, Zagreb 1875, types B Ib 1-20 and 58-59 (T. VIII3~7); B Via 1 and b 2-8, T. 1X.3 and 5; B VI b 10-98, T. VIIL22; V. Ivanikevié, Novéarstvo srednjovekovne Srbije, Beograd 2001, types 6.9, 6.10 and 6.11244 Byjadun Hoanuuesuh Becua Paduh 20 §. Ljubi¢, naa. deao, spere B III B Il, T. VI- TL17;B, Maanmuesith, nas. de20, ppera 6.21. 218, Ljubié, nao. deo, spera II b 109 (T. X.17-23)}; B. Hsaxmmnesith, nas. deao, apera 125. 2K, Iupesex, Pomanu y Zpadoouna Haamanuje oxos Cpedvve2a aexa, 36opwMk Koneraninka Jirpe- vexa II, Beorpag 1962, 136-137. 23M. Tmt, xa. deao, II, 40-43: rpronauKe sese Honor Bpxa 1 JIy6ponsinxa y 06a xwesa JTasapa waccy Gune jexitie Koje je oxpxaRa0 Onaj TprowaNKH HeHTap. Tlocroje nonaw Kojm cBeno¥e 0 jIpyrust papitata — Conyny, Copy, Hanan, Hero, Ml, 44-45. 25 Hero, Mt, 82. 26 Hero, 40: npensocr 150 mrapa cpe6pa ros luise, KonmKO je KHe3 FTasap Tloxaxa0 Maxacrupana anal u flpewi, unana je epenwocr on oxo 1.600 aykara 27 P, Boxnnosmh, Beawxa ociiasa Hosua KHesa Aasapa Ww wez0eux ceepenenuxa, Hysuesarisap 20 1997 (1998), 165-166 8B. Mannutewuth, x00, Jeno, noraasibe 0 KoBUY xatesa Tasapa. 2 Hero, vaGena 11. 3 C. Hunurpujenith, Hooa cepuja noowx apeita epitexo2 cpedmosexoanoe noawa, II, Crapunap XVI, 1966 (1967), 85-87: C. Thunurrpuienith, Hooay xnesa Jasapa, Kpymrenany 1971, 29-31; B. Pannh, B. Hinaxnt- meptih,’ Ociiase cpiicxo® cpedivovexosno® nooua y aGupyu Hapodno® uyseja y Beotpady, 36opunx Ha- ponuor myscja XVIV1, 2001, 285-307. 31. Boxunoatih, nas. deo, 157-167; B. Maan aeauh, naa. deao, raGena 17 32'B, Saria, Die Entwicklung des altserbischen Munzwesens, Stidost Forschungen 13, 1954, 54; C. fIi- Murrpajesuh, Hosa cepuia nose spcra.., 82-84 8B, Mnarmmesmh, nas. deo, raGera 17. 34 §, Ljubic, nao. deao, apera Ill c 1, T. X21; B. Moaxsazennh, Has, deao, speva 24.12. 35§, Ljubi, nas. deao, apera III ¢ 2; B. Meanumte- nub, nas. dea, pera 24.13, 36S, Ljubié, nas, deao, spcra Il a, T. XLI8; B. Vinaxmurenith, re. dao, apera 24.14 37°C, (Imarrpnjeath, Hooa cepivja nooux “opeitia eplicxo® cpedrsodexoouo? noeya, TIL, Crapnap XVI- TL, 1967 (1968), 136-138, 1. 65-66; B. Hiaxnanenth, nas. exo, npeva 24.15. 38K. Stockert, Venezianische von Serbien in Mitte- lalter gefilschte Mezzanini, Numismatische Zeitschrift 156 (16) (1923), 11 w 13-15. °'B. Misaiuuteath, sae. dea0, nornaame 0 aHo- ‘ui Koparsun. 40. Jlusarrpujeauh, Hosauy xnasa JTasapa, 17, 4; B. Msaxmtenith, nas, deao, apera 25.2. AVP. Spafford, Money and Its Use in Mediaeval Europe, Cambridge 1988, 350, xanonitna je moncharse tnpowsnowtse cpedpa y CpGxjit a camom noverky XV Beka TOnpieTo Mpeaxananawy MoxeTapHe KpIe y rraznjn npoyspoxoparte RelocTaTKoM OROT 1teMeHH- ‘Tor merama. st KOBHMUA CPIICKOF CPE(HOBEKOBHOT HOBLLA y HOBOM BPOY 2H. Pagojsumth, Saxon 0 pydxuquaa deciioita Ciiegana Hesapesuha, Beorpan 1962, 52, wxae VIL 3M. Tnnath, xa0. deno, Il, 75-76. 44 Hero, 87. 45 Horo, 51-58. 46 B. Meanmuesnh, nas, dea0, normanme o HOB (Credpasa Hlasapeatha 7M, dumm, OGaacti Bpawxoouha, Tpunosn 3a xstirxenitocr, jesuk, neropiiy # ¢honxnop 26 (1960), 5-20, 48 B. Mnanumenuh, nas. de20, spcra 42.7. Hero, wpcra 42.9, 0 § Ljubic, was. de2o, spera VI 1-7, T. XIL18; P. Mapuh, was. dea0, epcra VII, T. XXIV.106; B. Mawr ‘mean, nas. deao, epere 42:30 1 42.21 51°C, Stumutpujennh, Conckn epembonexonm ovat waher... 278-293, ex. 2, 3, 12-14, 16 1 19; B Mnarminemn, 120. deo, npere 42.60~42.65. 2M. Tuuwh, 3a ueiopujy pydapemea, I, 67: HAD, Lett. di Lev. XI£. 251” (8. jy 1435) 270” (25, cenrrenGap 1435). 53M. Cupeamth, eciioim Bypah Bpanxooth 1 iwe- 2060 06a, Beorpay 1994, 693. 4M. JLonth, vas. deo, I, 88-91, 55 Heizo, 1, 77-78: HAD, Distr. Test. X £61 (17. ampua 1434); HAD, Div. Not. XX £. 249” (1 jy 1436); HAD, Test. Not. XIII 80 (9. eSpyap 1441) u XIV 40. anpua 145). 8 Helo, MI, 67: HAD, Lett. di Lev. Xf. 251° (8. jy 1435) 1 270” (25, cemrenGap 1435) 57 Heiwo, 78: HAD, Div. Not. XX £, 249° (1. jyn 1436), B. Hnanmnestth, nas. deno, norzape 0 ROBY ‘Bypha Bparxoasha 9 Heiio, pore 45.31 w 45.32 © B. Path, B. Moasiamesuh, vas. deao, 293, 305. 61, Stang, Cireularia monetard la cetatea Severinubul (secolele XII-XV1), Cercetari numismatice Vil (1996), 150, 6p. 32: npestcranna, npewa caonurery BE. Oep- esiep-Tapuoneanya, Haury ppery 45.31, a He 45.24 xa- Ko c1ojity karanory. © P. Mapuh, nas. deao, ppera Vil, T. XXVILI/2; B. Maanmmennth, was. dea0, npera 45.31 © C. fluwumpujenus, Hooa cepuja nooux opeita epiicko® cpedwosexosno? nosya, I, Crapawap XV-XVI, 1964-1965 (1966), 139-140, ca. 61-64; B. Hoannuesuh, uae. deao, spera 45.32 °C. Dunarpujenth, Cpnexm cpessonexovun Honan nabert... 297-298, en. 22; B. Msanmutenuh, rao deno, wpera 45.11 SC. [usmmpujenuh, vas. geo, 290-302, en, 17-18, 20 23; B. Mrasnnueauh, nae. dea0, mpere 45.35, = 4537 C. Jumotpijenuh, Hooay Zpada Cuedepese, y: Ocaobohee Fpadoea y Cpbujut 08 Typaxa 1862-1867, Beorpan 1971, 71-86, T.-L TM. Shiauih, Ha Ly6poeauxo® apxwea, 1 (Tpro- awka xrutra M. llyxapesttha), Beorpag 1957; Heri, 3a ncropniy pyzaperea, M1, 79-80; M. Cnpevath, 1a. deao, 671SERBIAN MEDIAEVAL MINT AT NOVO BRDO 18 §. Ljubié, Op. cit, Stefan Uros I type Tha 8-9, 11-13 and 20-21, and b 1-2, T. IV.7; VI 26-27 and 32, T. IV. 24; Stefan Dragutin type III b 1 and e 1-2, T. V9 and 14; V. IvaniSevic, Op. cit, types 37, 5.1 and 61. 9S. Ljubié, Op. cit. types Hl b 60-99 (T. VILS-8); A La (T. VIL 11-12); A 1b 3 (T. VIL13); V. Ivanievig, Op. cit, types 6.4, 6.12 and 6.13 20, Ljubié, Op. cit, types B IIT B III, T. VITL.17; V Ivanisevié, Op. cit, type 6.21. 21 §. Ljubié, Op. cit., type II b 109 (T. X.17~2 V. Ivanikevie, Op. cit, type 12.5. 2K. Jiretek, Romani u gradovima Dalmacije tokom Srednjega veka, Zbornik Konstantina Titeéeka Il, Beograd 1962, pp. 136-137, 3 M. Dinié, Op. cit, I, pp. 40-43: trade connee- tions between Novo Brdo and Dubrovnik during the reign of Prince Lazar donated every year were not the only ones kept by this trading centre. There are data confirming also other directions - Thessaloniki, Seres, Italy 24 id., IL, pp. 44-45 25 pbid., Ml, p82. 2 ibid., TT, p. 40: the value of 150 litres of silver that Prince Lazar to the monasteries of Ravanica and Drenéa, was equal to the value of 1 600 ducats, 27 R. Botinovié, Velika ostava novea kueza Lazara i njegovih savremenika, Numizmatitar 20, 1977 (1998), pp. 165-166 28 V, IvaniSevié, Op. cit., the chapter on Prince Lazar's coins. 29 Ibid., Table 17, 30 $, Dimitrijevié, Nova serija novih vrsta srpskog srednjovekovnog novea, IL, Starinar XVII, 1966 (1967), pp. 85-87; S. Dimitrijevié, Novac kneza Lazara, Krusevac 1971, pp. 29-31; V. Radi¢, V. Iwanikevié, Osiave srpskog srednjovekovnog novea « sbirci Narodnog muzeja u Beogradu, Zbornik Narodnog muzeja XVII/I, Beograd 2001, pp. 285-301. 31 R, Botinovié, Op. cit, pp. 157-167; V. Ivanigevie, Op. cit., Table 17. 3B. Saria, Die Eniwicklung des aliserbischen Miinawesens, Sudost Forschungen 13, 1954, p. 54 S. Dimitrijevie, Nova senija novih vrsta... pp. 82-84. 38 Y. Ivanisevie, Op. cit., Table 17 4 §. Ljubié, Op. cit, type Me 1, T. X1.21; V. Ivanievié, Op. cit, type 24.12. 35 §. Liubié, Op. cit., type III ¢ 2; V. Ivani8evic, Op. cit, ype 24.13. 26S. Ljubié, Op. cit, type III a, T. XL18; V. Ivaniéevié, Op. cit,, type 24.14. 37'S, Dimitrijevié, Nova serija novih vrsta srpskog srednjovekovnog novea II, Starinar XVIII, 1967 (1968), pp. 136-138, figs. 65-66; V. Ivanigevié, Op. cit, type 24.15 Vujadin Teanikevie 245 Vesna Radic: 38 K. Stockert, Venezianische von Serbien in Mittelalier gefalschte Mezzanini, Numismatische Zeitschrift 56 (16) (1923), pp. 11 and 13-15. 29 V. IvaniSevie, Op. cit., The chapter on anony: ‘mous coinage. 40S, Dimitrijevié, Novac kneza Lazara, p. 17, figs. 51-54; V. Ivanievie, Op. cit, type 25.2. 4p. Spulford, Money and Its Use in Mediaeval Furope, Cambridge 1988, p. 350, states that the increase of silver production in Serbia at the very beginning of XV century helped overcome the monetary crisis in Italy, which had been caused by lack of this precious metal. 42N, Radojeié, Zakon 0 rudnicima despota Stefana Lazarevica, Beograd 1962, p. 52, Art. VIL 48M, Dinié, Op. cit, H pp. 75-76. 44 Phid., TL, p. 817. 48 fia. Tl, p. 51-58. 46 V. IvaniSevig, Op. cit., The chapter on Stefan Lazarevie's money. 47M. Dinié, Oblast Brankovica, Prilozi za njiZevnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor 26, 1960, pp. $30. 48 V. Ivanigevié, Op. cit, type 42.7 * pbid,, ype 42.9. 50 §. Ljubié, Op. cit, type VI 1-7, T. XILI8; R. Marié, Op. cit, type VII, T. XXIV.10/6; V. Ivanisevig, Op. cit, types 42.20 and 42.21 31S, Dimitrijevié, Srpski srednjovekovni novac naden.... pp. 278-293, figs. 2, 3, 12-14, 16, 19; V. Ivanigevié, Op. cit, types 42.60-42.65. 32M. Dinié, Za istoriju rudarstva, TI, p.67: HAD, Lett. di Lev. XL f. 251° (8 July 1435) and 270° (25 September 1435). 53M. Spremié, Despot Durad Brankovic i njegovo doba, Beograd 1994, ¥. 693. S4M. Dinié, Op. cit. Tl, pp. 88-91 55 fbid., Il pp. 77-78; HAD, Distr. Test. X f. 61 (17 April 1434); HAD, Div. Not. XX £249” (1 June 1436); HAD, Test. Not. XIII f, 80 (9 February 1441), and XIV f. 44° (20 April 1445). 36 Jbid., Il, p.67: HAD, Lett di Lev. XU. 251° (8 July 1435) and 270° (25 September 1435). 57 Jbid., TL, p. 78: HAD, Div. Not. XX £. 249° (1 June 1436). 58 V, IvaniSevié, Op. cit, the chapter on Durad Brankovie’s coinage. 59 pbid., types 45.31 and 45.32. V, Radié, V. Ivanisevié, Op. cit..293, 305 61 1. Stang’, Cirewlatia’ monetara la cetatea Severinului (secole XI-XV), Cercetari numismatice VII (1996), p. 150, n° 32: represents, according to the statement by E. Oberlender-Tarnoveanu, our type 45.31, and not 45.24 as stated in the catologue. 62.R. Marié, Op. cit, type V/1, pl. XXVLLI/12; V. Ivanikevié, Op. cit, type 45.31 8, Dimitrijevig, Nova serija novih vrsta srpskog srednjovekovnog novea 1, Starinar XV-XVI, 1964-1965 (1966), pp. 139-140, figs. 61-64; V. Ivanisevié, Op. cit, type 45.32.Byjadun Heanauesuh PAs Becua Paduh 6B, Msanumesub, nas. deao, normansse 0 KoBLY ‘Bypha Bpanxositha §. Pamuk, Money in the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1914, y: An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1326-19/4, eds. H. Inalcik, D. Quata ert, Cambridge 1995, 950-954, raGema A:L 70 N, Pete, Osmantitarda madeni paralar, Istambul 1968, 84, 6p, 60; Jem Sultan, Coins of the Ottoman Empi- re and the Turkish Republic, Thousand Oaks 1977, 62, 6p. 407-409; S. Sreckovie, Osmantliski novac kovan ra tla Jugoslavije, Beograd 1987, 53-55, tip A 01-02; Ist, ‘Akches - Orhan Gazi - Murad If 699-844 AH, Vol. 1, Bel- grade 1999, 175, 6p. 55-58, KOBHMLA CPTICKOP CPEHOBEKOBHOP HOBILA Y HOBOM BPAY, 7LT, Bnesosuh, Tapaitana (ap6-xane) y Hoaom Bpdy.~ Typcxe axe (aciipe) Kosane y kosnuiyu Hosot Bpda, Vicropuexu saconite 2 (1950), 115-117, en, 1-2: N. Pere, waa. deao, 90, nema; Jem Sultan, was. deo, 16-78, tema; S, Sreckovi¢, Osmanlijski novac kovan... 57-59, 1m. A O1: enstenja torpeuiHo jwToRAKa y BpeMe (om 1451. po 1460. rosue. TN. Pere, nas. de10,91, 6p. 86, Jem Sultan, na. dea0, 78, Op. 706-712; S. Sreekovie, nav. delo, 57-59, Tum B 01. Les actes des premiers sultans conservés dans les manuscrits tures de la Bibliotheque Nationale a Paris I ed. N. Beldiceanu, Paris 1960, 71-73. 74 Hero, 68-10. 75M, Hints, nas. de2o, I, 71.SERBIAN MEDIAEVAL MINT AT NOVO BRDO 64S. Dimitrijevié, Srpski srednjovekovni novac naden..., pp. 297-298, Fig, 22; V. IvaniSevi, Op. cit. type 45.11, 68'S. Dimitrijevié, Op. cit. pp. 290-302, Figs. 17-18, 20 and 23; V. Ivanigevic, Op. cit., types 45,35-45.37 66 S, Dimitrijevié, Novac grada Smedereva, in Oslobodenje gradova u Srbifi od Turaka 1862-1867, Beograd 1971, pp. 71-86, pl. II. 7M. Dini¢, Iz Dubrovackog arhiva 1 (M. Lukarevié’s account book), Beograd 1957; M. Dinié, Za istoriju rudarstva, Ml, pp. 79-80; M. Spremi¢, Op. cit, p. 67 V. Ivanisevié, Op. cit., The chapter on Durad Brankovic’s money. © $. Pamuk, Money in the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1914, in: An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1914, eds. H. Inalcik, D. Quataert, Cambridge 1995, pp. 950-954, Table A:1. 70 N. Pere, Osmanlilarda madeni paralar Istambul 1968, p. 84, No. 60; Jem Sultan, Coins of the Vain Ivantené Vesna Radic 247 Ottaman Empire and the Turkish Republic, Thousand Oaks 1977, p. 62, Nos. 407-409; Idem, Osmanlijski novac kovan na tlu Jugoslavije, Beograd 1987. pp. 53-55, type A 01-02; Idem, Akches ~ Orhan Gazi — Murad Ii 699-844 AH, Vol. I, Belgrade 1999, p. 175, Nos. 55-58. 71 G, Blezovié, Tarapana (Darb-hane) at Novo Brdo. ~ Turske akée (aspre) kovane « kovnici Novog Brda, Istoriski Easopis 2 (1950), pp. 113-117, Figs. 1-2; N. Pere, Op. cit., 90; Jem Sultan, Op. cit, pp. 16-78; S. Sreckovié, Osmanlijski novac kovan.... pp. 57-59, type A Ol: the issue dated wrongly in the 1451-1460. 72N. Pere, Op. cit. p. 91, No. 86; Jem Sultan, Op. cit. p. 78, Nos. 706-712; S. Sreckovie, Op. cit., pp. 57-59, type V 01, 73 Les actes des premiers sultans conservés dans les ‘manuscrits turcs de la Bibliotheque Nationale & Paris 1, ed. N, Beldiceanu, Paris 1960, pp. 71-73. 74 Ihid., pp. 68-70. 75M. Dinig, Op. cit. Il, p. 71