Vectors

Dessy Ariyanti, ST., MT

 DEFINITION
Vector is measurements that require
more than a single quantity
to describe their attributes
a

P Q
P = initial point
Q = terminal point
= direction of vector
a = magnitude of vector
Vectors
Vocab
 FREE VECTOR

A vector can be moved every where

in the coordinates with one condition:
the vector still have the same
direction and magnitude A

A
 UNIT VECTOR

k
j
i

Defined as a vector whose length

is 1 (the unit length).
x, y, z  i, j, k
 TWO EQUAL VECTORS

A
B
A B
B
A

Two vectors are said to be equal, if they

have the same magnitude and the same
direction
 VECTOR NEGATIVE
P

-P

Defined as vector with the same

magnitude and opposite direction
 RESULTANT OF VECTORS

The resultant is the vector sum of two or

more vectors.
A B

A C
 TASK

Find out the following resultant of

vectors:

C
3 cm
5 cm

A 1 cm
 TASK

A Force was applied 40 N to the east and

30 N to the north, find out the
resultant…
COMPONENT OF VECTORS

A1 = A1 . i
y A2 = A2 . j

A = A1 . i + A2 . J
A
A2

x
A1
 TASK
B = i + 4j and C = 4i + 2j
Find B + C and C - B
y

C
B
1 6
4
4 C
2
x
5
COMPONENT OF VECTORS

A
A1 = A1 . i
A2 = A2 . J
A3
A2 A3 = A3 . k

A1 A = A1 . i + A2 .j + A3 .k
COMPONENT OF VECTORS
OA = r = a . i + b .j + c .k

A
c γ
α β
b
a

Task:
Find out the l, m, n of vector r = 4i – 2j + 4 k
Product
Vectors
SCALAR OR DOT PRODUCT

Denoted by
SCALAR OR DOT PRODUCT
SCALAR OR DOT PRODUCT
SCALAR OR DOT PRODUCT
VECTOR OR CROSS PRODUCT

A
Denoted by
 RIGHT HAND RULES
AxB

A
B

AxB=BxA

B x A = - (A x B)
 Vector
Function
a mathematical function of one or more variables
whose range is a set of multidimensional vectors or
infinite-dimensional vectors.
 Vector
Derivatives
, if t = 0
 Vector
Calculus
VOCAB OF VECTOR CALCULUS

Vector
operator (del)

Gradient Divergence
Curl (curl)
(grad) (div)
GRADIENT

the gradient of a scalar field is a vector field that

points in the direction of the greatest rate of
increase of the scalar field, and
whose magnitude is that rate of increase.

Consider a room in which the temperature is given

by a scalar field, T, so at each point (x,y,z) the
temperature is T(x,y,z).

At each point in the room, the gradient of T at

that point will show the direction the temperature
rises most quickly. The magnitude of the gradient
will determine how fast the temperature rises in
that direction
DIVERGENCE

divergence is a vector operator that measures the

magnitude of a vector field's source or sink at a
given point, in terms of a signed scalar.

The divergence represents the volume density of

the outward flux of a vector field from an
infinitesimal volume around a given point.

For example, consider air as it is heated. If air is

heated in a region it will expand in all directions
such that the velocity field points outward from
that region. Therefore the divergence of the
velocity field in that region would have a positive
value, as the region is a source.
CURL

the curl is a vector operator that describes the

infinitesimal rotation of a 3-dimensional vector field.

At every point in the field, the curl of that field is

represented by a vector. The attributes of this vector
(length and direction) characterize the rotation at
that point.

The direction of the curl is the axis of rotation, as

determined by the right-hand rule, and the
magnitude of the curl is the magnitude of rotation. If
the vector field represents the flow velocity of a
moving fluid, then the curl is the circulation
density of the fluid.
TASK