CFD Analysis for Carparks

Objective:

The specific aim is to find the optimal locations, number &

configuration of the Jet fans required for the ventilation of the
car parking lot, for the given positions of inlets and exhaust, and
given configuration of the fresh air fans & exhaust fans, such
that it meets requirements of CO PPM exposure limit set by
health & safety regulations and also to check whether it meets
the sufficient visibilities & temperatures in case of fire as per
local fire body. For Ducted system CFD analysis will be carried
out with the designed ducted system and after the analysis
recommendations shall be provided to improve the conditions Supply, Exhaust & Jetfan Locations
in Carpark Basement
if required.
Modeling & Analysis:

The 2D drawings of the area as obtained from the client are

Velocity profile of a Carpark Basement
converted into a 3D model of CFD Software. This model is then
meshed with hexahedral meshing. This mesh model is then
used for conducting the CFD analysis. In the CFD CO & Fire
simulation, normal & emergency ventilations system details
and fire size, fire location and heat release rate are considered
as per the client input, based on NFPA 92B / ASHRAE standard.
Simulation of smoke propagation inside the Ground Floor car
park involves modeling heat generation by fire, effects of
buoyancy due to temperature and smoke species conc. and the
velocity and pressure variations caused by exhaust and jet fans
in operation. Ansys Fluent software is used for CFD CO
simulation and FDS is used as a CFD Smoke simulation software.

Outputs:

F Velocity, CO PPM, Temperature profiles in different horizontal

& vertical planes.
F Visibility profiles in different horizontal planes.
F Smoke movie showing the propagation of smoke inside car
park levels
F Optimized jet fan locations with dimensions for jet fan
ventilation systems, if required.

Visibility at 1.5m Height in a Carpark Basement

Selected List of Similar Projects:

F Doha Festival City.
F Jewel of Creek, Dubai.
F Oberoi & Lodha Tower, Mumbai.
CFD Analysis of Data Center
Objective:

A data center is a facility used to house computer systems and

associated components. It is challenging but important to
optimize the flow paths of both cold supply air and hot return to
minimize mixing of these two streams as well as reduce any
short-circuiting of cold air back to the air-conditioning systems.
Objective of CFD study is to predict air vel, RH & temperature
distribution in the entire data center facility; assess airflow
patterns around racks and identify areas of recirculation; and
performance evaluation of individual components such as
precision air-conditioning units, racks. Results can be used to
reconfiguring existing facilities to optimize the cooling and air
3D Model of a Datacenter with PAC Units
distribution system.
Modeling & Analysis:

As per the details received the 3d model of Data Center was

Temperature profile Within a Datacenter
modeled. After preparing the 3d model of the geometry,
tetrahedral and hexagonal mesh with mesh sizes of 0.025 m to
0.3 m were created. False floor and false ceiling heights are also
considered in the model. Cooling is to be provided using raised
flooring layout and demarcation is done for cold aisle and hot
aisle. The source of heat from exterior wall according to thermal
resistance of wall & heat source from n no. of server racks are 'x'
MW with each racks emitting 'x' kw of heat. Hot aisle and cold
aisle diffusers are exactly modeled, fans installed and details of
obstructions inside the floor plenum and roof plenum are
considered for the study.

Outputs:

F Velocity profiles of different sections.

F Contour plots of temperature showing the hot spot at
different planes.
F Air movement Contours and vectors at different planes.

Velocity Vectors in a Datacenter

Selected List of Similar Projects:

F Khaznah Data Center, Abu Dhabi.
F ITI Data Center, Bangalore.
F PT-Data Center, Portugal.
Evacuation Modeling

Objective:

The most important objective of a fire safety design is to ensure

that people can safely escape from a building in the case of fire.
The regulations based design may be adequate for small
buildings, but may not sufficient for large and complicated
buildings, like shopping centers, atrium, airports, hospitals,
Airports etc. Evacuation simulation is the prediction of time
required for all occupants to escape from the fire zone. It's a
complicated simulation since it depends on various parameters
like number of occupants, health & age of occupants, fire size,
alarm system, social interaction between occupants, visibility
inside smoke etc. . The ASET is the amount of time that elapses
Smoke Flow in a Shoe Emporium
between fire ignition and the development of untenable
conditions. RSET can be defined as the time period from ignition
of fire until the time last occupant reaches a place of safety.
Modeling & Analysis:

CFD smoke analysis provides a detailed picture of the smoke

path inside the shoe emporium and different parameters like
smoke concs., smoke temperatures, CO-conc., velocity profiles
and visibilities at different times and different positions inside
the building and Available Safe Egress Time(ASET) is determined
from smoke simulation. The most relevant standards which are
applicable for our services in the domain of fire safety design
are: NFPA (92B, 130, 204, 502), SFPE handbook, BS 7346:
Component for Smoke & Heat Control System PD 7974, PIARC &
ASHRAE standards related to fire safety.
Occupants Vacating The Mall

Outputs:

F ASET & RSET Time. A design is acceptable if the ASET value is

greater than the RSET value and also it should be a more than
1.5 times.
F Velocity, CO PPM, Temperature profiles in different horizontal
& vertical planes.
F Visibility profiles in different horizontal planes.
F Smoke movie showing the propagation of smoke.
Figure Showing Ventilation Design Objectives

Selected List of Similar Projects:

F Dubai Shoe Emporium.
CFD Analysis for Tunnels

Objective:

The objective of the study is to check the performance of the

Underground station & tunnel's ventilation system design. The
3D simulations are used to check the performance of the tunnel
smoke management system in emergency situation. The main
objective system shall be able to maintain tenable conditions
along the egress path; requirement that ensure a safe and
secure egress conditions for passengers as per NFPA 92 & 130
standards. The 3D study will predict the transient evolution of
some factors that are considered in maintaining a tenable
environment inside the station & tunnel. Various fire scenarios
shall be considered in the event of fire with various fire sizes 3D Model of a Tunnel
depending on the usage of the tunnel.

Modeling & Analysis:

The study will be conducted based on the architectural

drawings & ventilation system information provided by client
for various scenarios. The mesh model is then used for
conducting the CFD analysis. In the CFD CO & Fire simulation,
normal & emergency ventilations system details and fire size,
fire location and heat release rate are considered as per the
client input, based on NFPA & ASHRAE standard. Optimization
of the location of Jet fans shall be done considering fire at
various size and location. In case of metro stations the
effectiveness of the smoke extract system at the train is studied
Contours of Smoke in Side of a Tunnel and and applicable recommendations are provided.
Station Area

Outputs:

F Velocity, CO PPM, Temperature profiles in different horizontal

& vertical planes.
F Visibility profiles in different horizontal planes.
F Smoke movie showing the propagation of smoke inside
station at different levels.
F Smoke and CO concentration.
F Radiant Heat Flux on the Wall.
Generation of Smoke at 5min

Selected List of Similar Projects:

F Kolkata Metro (Old Line).
F Doha Metro, Qatar.
F Himalayan Road Tunnels, North India.
CFD Analysis of Shiva Statue at Nathdwara, Rajasthan

Introduction & Objective:

The 351'-00'' High Shiva Statue is the “World's largest
statue of Lord Shiva” is being built in Ganesh Tekri area of
the Nathdwara, Rajasthan, India. The statue will be
made from concrete & cement and the void area of
statue is designed with natural ventilation system since
few intermediate levels of void area of statue are
accessible to general public. The CFD analysis were
carried out to evaluate the designed natural ventilation
system efficiency during day to day ventilation & smoke
ventilation modes.
The CFD analysis for Day to Day Ventilation Mode is
carried out to confirm that the designed natural
ventilation system is able to maintain the proper velocity
profiles such that the heat builtup is limited and there is
no high temperatures within the void region for safety of
structure as well as comfort of occupants.
The CFD analysis for Smoke Ventilation Mode is carried 3D isometric view showing natural air openings at
out to confirm that the escape routes of the floors that low & high levels and external walls

are occupied by general public are free of smoke in case
of accidental fire so that occupants can escape safely. So
in order to evaluate the natural ventilation system
efficiency the parameters such as smoke movement,
temperature & visibility profiles inside the void areas of
Shiva Statue were studied .
Velocity Pathlines in 3D isometric view
Modeling & Analysis:
The 3D model of the void areas located inside the statue
from 40' level till 351' level of “351'-00'' High Shiva
Statue” was modeled including structural obstructions
and the natural ventilation system louver openings.
After preparing the 3D model of the geometry, the fluid
domain mesh was prepared with hexagonal mesh and
total 11.3 million mesh cells were generated to solve the
Navier–Stokes equations for both day to day & smoke
ventilation modes.
The natural ventilation system in the void area was
designed by providing the louver openings at various
levels and these louver openings were having 60% free
area. The louver openings provided at low levels would
majorly act as air entry into the void area & the louver
openings provided at high levels would majorly act as air
exit from the void area.
The steady state CFD analysis was carried out to verify
the velocity & temperature profiles by considering the
wall material thermal properties and heat loads during
the peak summer condition to calculate the heat
transfer into the void area.
CFD Analysis of Shiva Statue at Nathdwara, Rajasthan

The transient CFD fire/smoke simulation was carried Conclusion:

out for the period of 120 minutes (2 hours) to verify the
In normal day to day ventilation mode it was
smoke distribution, temperature & visibility profiles
observed that the temperature profiles obtained
during the accidental cable fire scenario with 2MW fire
indicating that the most of the regions of the
size.
occupancy floors are not having the very high increase
in the temperature and the increase in temperature is
limited to 3.2 C for the given summer ambient
temperature of 43.3 C which is acceptable as per the
design specifications.

During the fire/smoke ventilation mode it was

observed that smoke was filled in the void area from
90' level till 351' level & the low levels from 40' to 80'
levels are free of smoke for the complete duration of
fire for safe escape of occupants.
It is concluded that the natural ventilation louver
openings provided in the statue area are providing the
smoke free area in 40' level to 80' levels and the
tenability conditions of temperature of less than 60 C &
visibility of more than 10 meters were maintaining
from 40' level to 140' levels of occupancy regions.

So overall from the CFD study it can be

concluded that the provided natural ventilation system
is able to meet the design objective for both day to day
Contours of smoke from burning Cables at ventilation as well as smoke ventilation modes.
30 minute time

Contours of Temperature in (°C) at 15 minute time Contours of Velocity in (m/s) in sectional plane
Thermal Comfort Simulation

Objective:

To achieve thermal comfort inside a building, several conditions

like air flow, temperature and relative humidity profiles and
influence of special factors like heat source and design
ventilation system are analyzed that expresses satisfaction with
the thermal environment and is assessed by subjective
evaluation for a given weather condition. Maintaining this
standard of thermal comfort for occupants of buildings or other
enclosures is one of the important goals of HVAC/CFD
Consultants. The main objective of the study is to check
whether the proper air circulation and the temperature & RH as
per project specifications or not.
3D Model of Auditorium
Buildings designed for Thermal comfort may save it's energy
consumption and provide more satisfied environments.
Modeling & Analysis:

Temperature Profile of Auditorium
For any given building space with its given architecture the client
suggests a mechanical cooling system which would have an
airflow rate inside the space. The outlet grill location and supply
air properties are considered as well. Further, the sources of heat
gain are identified in consultation with the client and they are
appropriately modeled numerically in the CFD software. The total
heat released by its occupants, Sensible Load and latent load
present shall be considered too. Using these assumptions and
boundary conditions the CFD simulation are carried out to study
the parameters like air flow velocity in contours and vectors,
Temp. profile & RH at different plan & sections. The results are
properly studied and appropriate recommendations are
provided if required.

Outputs:

F 3D CFD Model of the building.

F Velocity profiles in different horizontal & vertical planes.
F Temperature profiles in different horizontal & vertical planes.
F Relative Humidity profiles in different horizontal & vertical
planes.

Velocity Vectors of Auditorium

Selected List of Similar Projects:
F Dubai Mall and Opera House Auditorium, Dubai.
F Warner Brother Theme Park, Abudhabi.
F Mumbai – T2 and Mauritius Airport.