NAME: AUSTRIA KARLA PAULA C.

COURSE: UNDERSTANDING THE SELF

SPEERMANS TWO FACTOR THEORY

G FACTOR - general abilities, the performance of an individual is determined by the
factor “g” and the “s” factor
- It is universal inborn ability
- It is general mental energy
- It is constant
- The amount of “g” differs from individual to individual
- It is used in every activity of life
- Greater the “G” in an individual, greater is his success in life
S FACTOR – varies in degrees. Therefore it can be modified by learning or habitual
training
- it is learned and acquired in the environment
- it varies from activity to activity in the same individual
- individuals differ in the amount of “s” ability

ROBERT STENBERG- TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE

Componential – analytical sub theory
Sternberg associated the componential sub theory with analytical giftedness. This is
one of three types of giftedness that Sternberg recognizes. Analytical giftedness is
influential in being able to take apart problems and being able to see solutions not often
seen. Unfortunately, individuals with only this type are not as adept at creating unique
ideas of their own. This form of giftedness is the type that is tested most often
Experiential – creative sub theory
Sternberg's 2nd stage of his theory is his experiential sub theory. This stage deals
mainly with how well a task is performed with regard to how familiar it is. Sternberg
splits the role of experience into two parts: novelty and automation.
A novel situation is one that you have never experienced before. People that are adept
at managing a novel situation can take the task and find new ways of solving it that the
majority of people would not notice.
A process that has been automated has been performed multiple times and can now
be done with little or no extra thought. Once a process is automatized, it can be run in
parallel with the same or other processes. The problem with novelty and automation is
that being skilled in one component does not ensure that you are skilled in the other.
Practical – contextual sub theory
Sternberg's third sub theory of intelligence, called practical or contextual, "deals with the
mental activity involved in attaining fit to context ".Through the three processes of
adaptation, shaping, and selection, individuals create an ideal fit between themselves
and their environment. This type of intelligence is often referred to as "street smarts."
Adaptation occurs when one makes a change within oneself in order to better adjust to
one's surroundings.
Shaping occurs when one changes their environment to better suit one's needs.
The process of selection is undertaken when a completely new alternate environment
is found to replace the previous, unsatisfying environment to meet the individual's goals.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triarchic_theory_of_intelligence

HOWARD GARNER- MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE

Musical-rhythmic and harmonic
Main article: Musicality
This area has to do with sensitivity to sounds, rhythms, tones, and music. People with a
high musical intelligence normally have good pitch and may even have absolute pitch,
and are able to sing, play musical instruments, and compose music. They have
sensitivity to rhythm, pitch, meter, tone, melody or timbre
Visual-spatial
Main article: Spatial intelligence (psychology)
This area deals with spatial judgment and the ability to visualize with the mind's eye.
Spatial ability is one of the three factors beneath g in the hierarchical model of
intelligence.
Verbal-linguistic
Main article: Linguistic intelligence
People with high verbal-linguistic intelligence display a facility with words and
languages. They are typically good at reading, writing, telling stories and memorizing
words along with dates. Verbal ability is one of the most g-loaded abilities. This type of
intelligence is measured with the Verbal IQ in WAIS-IV.
Logical-mathematical
Further information: Reason
This area has to do with logic, abstractions, reasoning, numbers and critical
thinking. This also has to do with having the capacity to understand the underlying
principles of some kind of causal system. Logical reasoning is closely linked to fluid
intelligence and to general intelligence (g factor)
Bodily-kinesthetic
Further information: Gross motor skill and Fine motor skill
The core elements of the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence are control of one's bodily
motions and the capacity to handle objects skillfully. Gardner elaborates to say that this
also includes a sense of timing, a clear sense of the goal of a physical action, along with
the ability to train responses.
People who have high bodily-kinesthetic intelligence should be generally good at
physical activities such as sports, dance, acting, and making things
Interpersonal
Main article: Social skills
In theory, individuals who have high interpersonal intelligence are characterized by their
sensitivity to others' moods, feelings, temperaments, motivations, and their ability to
cooperate in order to work as part of a group. According to Gardner in How Are Kids
Smart: Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom, "Inter- and Intra- personal intelligence is
often misunderstood with being extroverted or liking other people.
Intrapersonal
Further information: Introspection
This area has to do with introspective and self-reflective capacities. This refers to having
a deep understanding of the self; what one's strengths or weaknesses are, what makes
one unique, being able to predict one's own reactions or emotions.
Naturalistic
Not part of Gardner's original seven, naturalistic intelligence was proposed by him in
1995. "If I were to rewrite Frames of Mind today, I would probably add an eighth
intelligence – the intelligence of the naturalist. It seems to me that the individual who is
readily able to recognize flora and fauna, to make other consequential distinctions in the
natural world, and to use this ability productively (in hunting, in farming, in biological
science) is exercising an important intelligence and one that is not adequately
encompassed in the current list.
Existential
Main article: Spiritual intelligence
Gardner did not want to commit to a spiritual intelligence, but suggested that an
"existential" intelligence may be a useful construct, also proposed after the original 7 in
his 1999 book. The hypothesis of an existential intelligence has been further explored
by educational researchers
Additional intelligences
On January 13, 2016, Gardner mentioned in an interview with Big Think that he is
considering adding the teaching-pedagogical intelligence "which allows us to be able to
teach successfully to other people ".In the same interview, he explicitly refused some
other suggested intelligences like humour, cooking and sexual intelligence

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_multiple_intelligences
RAYMOND CATELL- PERSONALITY FACTORS

1. Abstractedness: Imaginative versus practical

2. Apprehension: Worried versus confident
3. Dominance: Forceful versus submissive
4. Emotional Stability: Calm versus high-strung
5. Liveliness: Spontaneous versus restrained
6. Openness to Change: Flexible versus attached to the familiar
7. Perfectionism: Controlled versus undisciplined
8. Private-ness: Discreet versus open
9. Reasoning: Abstract versus concrete
10. Rule-Consciousness: Conforming versus non-conforming
11. Self-Reliance: Self-sufficient versus dependent
12. Sensitivity: Tender-hearted versus tough-minded.
13. Social Boldness: Uninhibited versus shy
14. Tension: Inpatient versus relaxed
15. Vigilance: Suspicious versus trusting
16. Warmth: Outgoing versus reserved

https://www.verywellmind.com/cattells-16-personality-factors-2795977