Name____________Alia Nhail_____________________ date________________

The collegial model

In some countries, although there are many obvious elements of bureaucracy to be seen in the
management of schools, the trend over the past 20 years has been towards a more democratic
and participatory approach to power, authority and decision-making. In some countries,
through policies of decentralisation, principals and their teachers are now much more
empowered to act on their own initiative in order to change things so that they can meet the
needs of their students more effectively.

Highlight the definition of collegial models on page 64 of Bush and discuss it for a few minutes.
Can you see any advantages it might offer to primary school teachers and principals?

Collegial models mean when the leader ask the organization members to involved into the

decision-making process. Yes, where collegial models help to increase the communications

between them and increase the job satisfaction .

Continue with pages 64-67 of Bush and summarise the major features of collegial models.

1. They are strongly normative in orientation:

That decision making should be based on democratic principles but do not necessarily claim
that these principles determine the nature of management in action.

2. Collegial models are seen particularly as appropriate organization such as school and
colleges that have significant members of professional staff.

3. Collegial models assume a common set of values held by member of organization.

4. The size of decision-making groups is an important element in collegial management, and

determined within the official committee system rather than being a prerogative of
individual.
5. Collegial models assume that decision making are reached by consensus Rather than
division or conflict.

Bush describes the suitability of the collegial model for primary schools on pages 71-72

Read these pages and then discuss how a decision might be made in such a school, for example,
to introduce a new English course book. You need to think in terms of a sequence of actions
and the people involved in each of these. Draw some kind of diagram (e.g. a time line or a flow
chart) to represent the process.
 Decision making process in the
primary school

There is mutual
training and
development
Teachers talk about
teaching

The presence of
Shared planning and
observer’s classroom
preparation
is common

So how would you now define the concepts collegial (adj.) and collegiality (n.)? What do they
mean?

Collegial: it’s describe the work together with colleagues in the same environment.

Collegiality: it’s mean the relationship between colleagues.

Do you think it is easier for a primary school to adopt this kind of decision-making process than
it is for a secondary school? Give reasons.

I think both of schools can use it , because it’s depends in how they will apply it .
Degrees of collegiality (Bush p72 – first paragraph; p91-94)

Finally, although collegial models are seen as the most progressive for schools nowadays, there
is often a gulf between the theory and the practice. Just because a certain school describes
itself as embracing a collegial approach, it doesn’t necessarily mean that it is collegial in
practice.

Define the following terms and differentiate between them in your own words:

 partial or restricted collegiality : where the leader shares power with a limited number of
colleagues.
 pure or genuine collegiality: Emotional bonds, trust and an inclusive school culture
contribute to genuine collegiality. 
 contrived collegiality : promoting disciplined collaboration and shared responsibility,
which is different from contrived collegiality imposed on teachers