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SAMSKRITHA RASHMIH - 1
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SIXTH STANDARD
THIRD LANGUAGE - SANSKRIT
t
No
KARNATAKA TEXTBOOK SOCIETY (R)

100 Feet Ring Road, Bnashankari 3rd stage,
Bengaluru- 560 085.
i
PREFACE
The Textbook Society, Karnataka has been engaged in

producing new textbooks according to the new syllabi which in
turn are designed on NCF- 2005 since June 2010. Textbooks
are prepared in 12 languages; seven of them serve as the
d
media of instruction. From standard 1 to 4 there is the EVS,
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mathematics and 5th to 10th there are three core subjects
namely mathematics, science and social science.
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NCF - 2005 has a number of special features and they are:
re S connecting knowledge to life activities
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
 learning to shift from rote methods

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 enriching the curriculum beyond textbooks
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 learning experiences for the construction of knowledge

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 Making examinations flexible and intergrating them

with classroom experiences
 caring concerns within the democratic policy of the

country
 making education relevant to the present and future

to
needs.
 softening the subject boundaries - integrated

knowledge and the joy of learning
t
No
 Making the child is the constructor of knowledge

The new books are produced based on three fundamental
approaches namely, Constructive approach, Spiral Approach
and Integrated approach.
ii
The learner is encouraged to think, engage in activities, master
skills and competencies. The materials presented in these books
are integrated with values. The new books are not examination
oriented in their nature. On other hand they help the learner
in the all round develpment of his/ her personality, thus help
him/ her become a healthy member of a healthy society and a
productive citizen of this great country, India.
d
The most important objectives of teaching language are listening,
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speaking, reading, writing and reference work. These skills have
been given a lot of impartance in all the language textbooks.
is
When learners master thesecompetencies, they would stop
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studying textbooks for the sake of passing examinations. In
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order to help learners master these competencies, a number of
paired and group activities, assignments nd project work have
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been included in the textbooks. it is expected that these activities
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would help learner master communicative skills. Ultimately, it

is expected that students master the art of learning to learn and
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make use of these competencies in real life.
The Textbook Society expresses grateful thanks to the

chairpersons, writers, scrutinisers, artists, staff of DIETs and
CTEs and the members of the Editorial Board and printers in
helping the Text Book Society in producing these textbooks.
to
A few works of some writers and poets have been included in

these textbooks. The textbook society is extremely gratefull to
them for giving their consent for the inclusion of these pieces in
t
the textbooks.
No
Prof G S Mudambadithaya Nagendra Kumar

Co-ordinator Managing Director
Curriculum Revision and Textbook Preparation Karnataka Textbook Society®
Karnataka Textbook Society® Bengaluru, Karnataka.
Bengaluru, Karnataka.
iii
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~o“byé-560004.
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nR²>`nwñVH$gL>²>K:, ~|Jbyé.
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lr_Vr Eg².EZ².brbmdVr, Á`moð> ghm`H${ZX}{eH$m, H$.n.nw.g”:([a), ~o“byé.
iv
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gd©H$maoU fð>H$ú`mV: V¥Vr`^mfm A{n Aä`{gVw§ N>mÌoä`: gXdH$me:
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No
v
About the Revision of Textbooks
Honourable Chief Minister Sri Siddaramaiah who is also the Finance
Minister of Karnataka, in his response to the public opinion about the new
textbooks from standard I to X, announced, in his 2014-15 budget speech
of constituting an expert-committee, to look into the matter. He also spoke
of the basic expectations there in, which the textbook experts should follow:
d
“The textbooks should aim at inculcating social equality, moral values,
development of personality, scientific temper, critical acumen, secularism
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and the sense of national commitment”, he said.
Later, for the revision of the textbooks from class I to X, the Department
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of Education constituted twenty seven committees and passed an order on
24-11-2014. The committees so constituted were subject and class-wise and
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were in accordance with the standards prescribed. Teachers who are experts
in matters of subjects and syllabi were in the committees.
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There were already many complaints, and analyses about the textbooks.
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So, a freehand was given in the order dated 24-11-2014 to the responsible
committees to examine and review text and even to prepare new text and
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revise if necessary. Eventually, a new order was passed on 19-9-2015 which

also gave freedom even to re-write the textbooks if necessary. In the same
order, it was said that the completely revised textbooks could be put to force
from 2017-18 instead of 2016-17.
Many self inspired individuals and institutions, listing out the
wrong information and mistakes there in the text, had sent them to the
to
Education Minister and to the Textbook Society. They were rectified. Before
rectification we had exchanged ideas by arranging debates. Discussions had
taken place with Primary and Secondary Education Teachers’ Associations.
t
Questionnaires were administered among teachers to pool up opinions.

No
Separate meetings were held with teachers, subject inspectors and DIET
Principals. Analytical opinions had been collected. To the subject experts of
science, social science, mathematics and languages, textbooks were sent in
advance and later meetings were held for discussions. Women associations
and science related organisations were also invited for discussions. Thus, on
the basis of inputs received from various sources, the textbooks have been
vi
revised where ever necessary.
Another important aspect has to be shared here. We constituted three
expert committees. They were constituted to make suggestions after making
a comparative study of the texts of science, mathematics and social science
subjects of central schools (NCERT), along with state textbooks. Thus, the
state text books have been enriched based on the comparative analysis and
suggestions made by the experts. The state textbooks have been guarded
d
not to go lower in standards than the textbooks of central schools. Besides,
these textbooks have been examined along side with the textbooks of Andhra
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Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra states.
Another clarification has to be given here. Whatever we have done in the
is
committees is only revision, it is not the total preparation of the textbooks.
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Therefore, the structure of the already prepared textbooks have in no way
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been affected or distorted. They have only been revised in the background
of gender equality, regional representation, national integrity, equality and
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social harmony. While doing so, the curriculum frames of both central and
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state have not been transgressed. Besides, the aspirations of the constitution
are incorporated carefully. Further, the reviews of the committees were once
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given to higher expert committees for examination and their opinions have
been inculcated into the textbooks.
Finally, we express our grateful thanks to those who strived in
all those 27 committees with complete dedication and also to those
who served in higher committees. At the same time, we thank all the
supervising officers of the Textbook Society, who sincerely worked
to
hard in forming the committees and managed to see the task reach
its logical completion. We thank all the members of the staff who
co-operated in this venture. Our thanks are also to the subject experts and
t
to the associations who gave valuable suggestions.

No
Narasimhaiah Prof. Baraguru Ramachandrappa

Mangaging Director Chairman-in-Chief
Karnataka Textbook Society State Textbook Revision Committee
Bengaluru. Bengaluru.
vii
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lr_Vr Eg².EZ².brbmdVr, Á`moð> ghm`H${ZX}{eH$m, H$.n.nw.g”:([a), ~o“byé.
viii
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13. Ì`moXe: nmR>: n[adma: 75

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\$Ur \$mëJwU: \o$é:

~{Ya: ~mbH$: {~S>mb:
^maV_² ^Q>: ^{JZr
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a‚mw:
a
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a²+A+O²+
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aOH$: amOm aW:

bdU_² bbmQ>_² bewZ_²
damh: dYy: dZ_²
11
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f
he
f²+A+Q²>+
n²+A+X²+A:
is
re S B
gamoda:
g bl
g²+A+a²+
be T
pu
Amo+d²+A+a²+A:
K
©
h h`:
h²+A+`²+A:
ee: e\$a: ea:

to
f{ï>: fmÊ_mVwa: fQ²>H$moU_²

t
g_a: g_raU: g_wÐ:

No
h[aU: h§g: hm{bH$:
12
dU©_mbm
A Am B B© C D$
ñdam: F$ G$ b¥ E Eo Amo Am¡
d
he
A§- AZwñdma:
A`moJdmhm¡ A:- {dgJ©:
is
re S B
bl
ì`ÄOZm{Z
be T
pu
K
H²$ I² J² K² L²
©
M² N² O² P² Äm²
dJu` ì`ÄOZm{Z Q² R² S² T² U²
V² W² X² Y² Z²
to
n² \²$ ~² ^² _²
t
No
AdJu`ì`ÄOZm{Z `² a² b² d² e² f² g² h²

13
õñdñdam: 5 XrK©ñdam: 8
Am B© D$ G$ E Eo Amo Am¡
A B C F$ b¥
AZwñdma: A§ {dgJ©: A:
d
he
AënàmUm: _hmàmUm: AZwZm{gH$m-
jam{U
is
re S B
bl
be T
H²$ J² I² K² L>²
pu
K
M² O² N²> P² Äm²
©
Q²> S²> R²> T²> U²
V² X² W² Y² Z²
to
n² ~² \²$ ^² _²
t
No
`² a² e² f²
b² d² g² h²
14
ì`ÄOZ_² + ñda: = Jw{UVmja_²
ì`ÄOZ_² + ñda: = Jw{UVm- {M•_²

ja_²
H²$ + A = H$ -
d
he
H²$ + Am = H$m m
H²$ + B = {H$ [
is
re S
H²$ +
B
B© = H$s r
bl
H²$ + C = Hw$ w
be T
pu
H²$ + D$ = Hy$ y
K
H²$ + F$ = H¥$ ¥
©
H²$ + G = H¦$ ¦
H²$ + b¥ = Šb¥ b¥
H²$ + E = Ho$ o
to
H²$ + Eo = H¡$ ¡
t
H²$ + Amo = H$mo mo

No
H²$ + Am¡ = H$m¡ m¡

H²$ + A§ = H§$ .
H²$ + A: = H$: :
15
A Am B A§ A:
No B© C D$ F$ G b¥ E Eo Amo Am¡
tt ©
o K
be T
B
16
re S
pu
bl
ish
ed
H$ I J K L M N O P Äm Q R S T U V W
No
t to ©
be TK
B
17
re S
pu
bl
is he
d
X Y Z n \$ ~ ^ _ ` a b d e f g h
No
t to ©
be TK
B
18
re S
pu
bl
ishe
d
No V¥Vr`: nmR>: Jw{UVmjamä`mg:
t
H$ H$ H$m {H$ tH$s Hw$ Hy$ ©H¥$ H¦$ Šb¥ Ho$ H¡$ H$mo H$m¡ H§$ H$:
H$
o K
I be T
J B
19
K
r ep S
L u
M bl
N
O
ish
P ed
Äm
No
Q t
R to ©
S K
T>
be T
B
20
U
V
re S
W
pu
X bl
Y is
Z he
n d
\$
No
~ t
^ to ©
_ K
`
be T
a B
21
b
re S
d
pu
e bl
f is
g he
h d
A`moJdmh`mo… à`moJ…-
AZwñdma…=A§ Am§ B§ Bª C§ D§$ E§ E| Am| Am¢
{dg½[…= A… Am… B… B©… C… D$… E… E¡… Amo… Am¡…
g§`wº$mjaboIZH«$_…- M - À - ÀM - À` - À`dZ…
d
H$ - Š - ŠH$ - AŠH$ N> N> - - - - - - - - - -
he
I - » - »` - »`m{V… O - Á - ‚m - Ád - ÁdbZ…
J - ½ - ½J - gå`½Jm`Z_² PÂ -------
is
re S
K - ¿ - ¿Z - {d¿ZamO:
B
Äm - Ä - ÄM - AÄMb…
bl
L> - L>> - ‘> - A‘>:>
be T
pu
Q >- Q> - Å> - {Q>{Å>^… V - Ë - Îm - nÎmZ_²
K
R - R>> - R>ç - nR>ç_² W - Ï - Ï` - nÏ`_²

©
S> - S> - È >- CÈ`Vo

X - X - Ô - CÔm_…
T> - T - É >- T>ç - AmT>ç…
U - Ê - Ê` - nÊ`_² Y - Ü - Ü` - dÜ`…
Z - Ý - Þ - AÞ§
to
n - ß - ßn - ß` nmbH$mß`: ` - æ - æ` - dmædmo…
\$ - \$ - - - - - - - - - a - Œ - H«$ VH«$_² (H²$+a)
t
No
~ - ã - ã~ - ãO - AãO_² a - © - H©$ - VH©$…(a²+H$)

^ - ä - ä` - am_oä`… b - ë - „ - g„H$s
_ - å - å_ - Aå_`_² d - ì - ìd-ì` ì`mH$aU_²
22
e - í - íe - í`m_b…
f - î - îf - {ZîH$_²
g - ñ - ñg - ñd - ñda…, ñ_aU_²
h - h - ø - ø…
d
he
{deof gyMZm :- Û`mo… ~hÿZm§ dm ì`ÄOZmZm§ g§`moJ… Ed g§`wº$mja_²&
AÌ gOmVr` g§`wº$mjam{U {dOmVr` g§`wº$mjam{U Mo{V [ÛYm&
is
re S
gOmVr`g§`wº$mja§ `Wm-H²$+H$=ŠH$, J²+J=½J BË`mX`…& {dOm-
B
bl
Vr`g§`wº$mja§ `Wm-H²$+V=º$, J²+`=½`& N>mÌmUm_² AdJ_Zm`
be T
AÌ H$m{ZMZ CXmhaUm{Z Ed XÎmm{Z& boIZo nR>Zo `Wm Xmof…
pu
K
Z ^doV² VWm Aä`mg… H$aUr`…& {ejH$m… H$ú`m`m_² CƒmaUH«$_§

©
~moYò`w…&
j,Ì,k B{V Ì`mUm§ g§`wŠVmjamUm§ {deofg§km ^d{V&

j = H²$ + f
Ì = V² + a
to
k = O² + Äm
t
No
23
`ÄOZ_² + ì`ÄOZ_²= g§`wº$dU©:
`Wm→H²$+H$= ŠH$$= Hw$ŠH$wa:
CXmhaUmZwgma§ {Ìdma§ {b{IV
d
a² + H²$ + A = H© = AH©$… AH©$… AH©$… AH©$…
........... ........... ..........
he
V² + I² + A = ËI = CËIZZ_² ........... ........... ..........
S²> + J² + A = S²>J = IS²>J: ........... ........... ..........
is
re S
L² + K² + A = ” = g”:
B
........... ........... ..........
bl
M² + M² + A = ƒ = CÀM¡: ........... ........... ..........
be T
pu
M² + N²> + A = ÀN> = JwÀN>: ........... ........... ..........
K
O² + O² + A = ‚m = g‚mZ: ........... ........... ..........

©
a² + P² + A = P© = {ZP©a: ........... ........... ..........

O² + Äm + A = k = kmZ_² ........... ........... ..........
U² + Q²> + A = ÊQ> = KÊQ>m ........... ........... ..........
f² + R²> + A = ð> = fð>: ........... ........... ..........
to
S²> + S²> + A = È²> = CÈ>`Z_² ........... ........... ..........

t
f²+ U² + A = îU = CîU_² ........... ........... ..........

No
V² + W² + A = ËW = CËWmZ_² ........... ........... ..........

Z² + X² + A = ÝX = MÝXZ_² ........... ........... ..........
X² + Y² + A = ÜX = `moÜXm ........... ........... ..........
24
V² + Z² + A = ËZ = aËZ_² ........... ........... ..........
V² + n² + A = Ën = CËnb_² ........... ........... ..........
a² + n² + A… = n©… = gn©: ........... ........... ..........
g² + \²$ + A = ñ\$ = ñ\y${V©… ........... ........... ..........
d
a² + ~² + A = ~© = Xþ~©b: ........... ........... ..........
he
a² + ^² + A = ^© =A^©H$: ........... ........... ..........
X² + _² + A = Ù = gÙ ........... ........... ..........
is
re S
J² + `² + A = ½` =^m½`_²
B
........... ........... ..........
bl
V² + `² + A = Ë` = gË`_² ........... ........... ..........
be T
pu
n² + a² + A = à = {dà: ........... ........... ..........
K
_² + a² + A = _ = Am_«_² ........... ........... ..........

©
H²$ + b² + A = Šb = ewŠb: ........... ........... ..........

h² + b² + A = ‡ = Am‡mX: ........... ........... ..........
V² + d² + A = Ëd = gËda_² ........... ........... ..........
to
e² + d² + A = ûd = Aûd: ........... ........... ..........

H$ + f² + A = j = ajm ........... ........... ..........
t
No
a² + f² + A = f© = hf©: ........... ........... ..........

V² + g² + A = Ëg = CËgmh: ........... ........... ..........
n² + g² + A = ßg = OwJwßgm ........... ........... ..........
a² + h² + A = h© = Ah©… ........... ........... ..........
25
Aä`mg:
I. g§`moÁ` {bIV &
CXmhaU_² → H²$+C+g²+C+_²+A+_² = Hw$gw__²
d
O² + Am + Z² + A + H²$ + B© =
he
a² + Am + _² + Am + `² + A + U² + A + _² =
is
re S
X² + A + e² + A + a² + A + W² + A: =
B
bl
a² + Am + O² + A + Y² + Am + Z² + B© =
be T
pu
X² + E + d² + Am + b² + A + `² + A: =
K
©
A + Y² + `² + Am + n² + A + H²$ + A: =
g² + A + V² + `² + A + d² + Am + X² + B© =
Am + _² + a² + A +\²$ + A+ b²+ A+ _² =
to
A+ `² + Amo + Y² + `² + Am =
II. {d^Á` {bIV &

t
No
CXmhaU_² → JUoe: = J² + A + U² + E + e² + A:
dmë_r°{H$:, d{gð>>:, {ìmûdm{_Ì:, AJñË`:, ^¥Jw:
^maÛmO:, A“m{Z, Xþ`m}YZ:, Amamo½`_² , H¥$îU:
26
III. H$ÞS>{bß`m {bIV &
CXmhaU_² → {Z{d©¿Z: = ¤«ðWÀßB
hñVoZ, {damoY:, ^ú`m{U, VñH$a:, {dZm`H$:
Am¡fY_², _hm^maV_², ga`y, eHw${Z:, H$Xbr
d
àñWmZ_², AñdñW:, ÁdbZ:, aå`:, »`m{V:
he
IV. g§ñH¥$V{bß`m {bIV &
CXmhaU_² → ºÀ¸ÉÛÃ£À = hñVoZ
is
re S
¸ÀÆAiÉÆÃðzÀAiÀÄB, µÀlàzÀB,
B
ªÁåWÀæB, ¨sÁ¸ÀÌgÀB, ªÁVäÃ
bl
¸ÀÄAzÀgÀB, ±Á¸ÀÛçªÀiï, ¤µÀá®ªÀiï, ZÀzÀÄgÀAUÀB, ªÁå¢üB,
be T
pu
±ÀgÀzÀÈvÀÄB, ªÀiÁUÀð²gÀB, GvÀÛgÁ¨sÁzÁæ, CPÀðB, zsÀÄæªÀB
K
V. [aº§$ ñWmZ§ nya`V &

©
CXmhaU_² → {d œm {_ Ì:
dm b à _²
amo br
to
Am ½` gy `:
ð>: “m
t
No
^mfmä`mg: &
* g§ñH¥$VdU©_mbm§ {bIV &
* H$ÞS>dU©_mbm§ {bIV &
* {ZË`mon`mo{JZm§ dñVyZm§ Zm_m{Z g§ñH¥$V^mf`m dXV&

27
g{MÌnX_ÄOar \$bm{Z
d
he
Am_«\$b_² god_² Zma“_²
is
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
Xm{S>_\$b_² H$Xbr\$b_² H${b“\$b_²

©
to
Ðmjm\$b_² grVm\$b_² AZmZg:

t
No
_YwH$H©$Q>r nZg\$b_² ^„mVH$\$b_²

28
g{MÌnX_ÄOar emH$m{Z
d
he
_ybH$_² Cdm©éH$_² d¥ÝVmH$:
is
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
{^ÊS>rZH$_² nbmÊSw>: Hy$î_mÊS>:

©
to
H$mado„_² AmbwH$_² J¥‚mZH$_²

t
No
AmÐ©H$_² {Zînmd: Oå~ra:

29
g{MÌnX_ÄOar dÝ`_¥Jm:
d
he
JO: ì`mK«: H¥$îU_¥J:
is
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
^„zH$: e¥Jmb: Cï´>:

to©
{MÌmoï´>: {MÌH$: h[aU:

t
No
gyH$a: {MÌamg^: qgh:

30
g{MÌnX_ÄOar n[jU:
d
he
ewH$: Hw$¸w$Q>: H$nmoV:
is
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
íòZ: H$mH$: MQ>H$:

©
to
CbyH$: JéS>: h§g:

t
No
H$mXå~: ~H$: _`ya:

31
g{MÌnX_ÄOar àm{UZ:
d
he
d¥f^: ee: YoZw:
is
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
_mOm©b: ewZH$: JX©^:

to©
Aœ: AO: _{hfr

t
No
dmZa: _yfH$: _of:

32
g{MÌnX_ÄOar dmhZm{Z
d
he
eH$Q>: AœeH$Q>: {ÛM{H«$H$m
is
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
ñHy$Q>a²`mZ_² {ÌM{H«$H$m H$ma²`mZ_²

to©
Q´>mŠQ>a²`mZ_² ^madmhH$_² ~g²`mZ_²

t
No
aob²`mZ_² Zm¡H$m {d_mZ_²

33
Aä`mg:
n[jU: 1. .................
2. .................
H$: àm{UZ:
d
he
emH$m{Z
A
is
re S B
bl
Z 1. .................
be T
pu
2. .................
K
©
\$bm{Z \$bmZm§ Zm_m{Z ApÝdî` {bIV

1. ................... Ðm go n gr Zm Am
to
2. ................... ~m jm d Vm H$ _«
t
3. ................... A Xm \$ \$ Vm \$
No
4. ................... Z Zm g: b b b
Zm a “ _² _² _²
5. ...................
H$ X br \$ b _²
34
MVwW©: nmR>:
nw§{b“eãXn[aM`:
d
he
~mb: d¡Ú: BZ: MÝÐ:
is
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
©
CaJ: _H$a: Xrn: ñ`yV:

to
AmgÝX: MfH$: gwYmIÊS>: H$ÝXþH$:

t
No
H$Q>: Vmb: XÊS>Xrn: KQ>:

35
ór{b“eãXn[aM`:
d
he
~m{bH$m d¡Úm AÜ`m{nH$m MånH$m
is
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
Hw$[ÄMH$m no{Q>H$m _m{nH$m CËnr{R>>H$m

©
to
Zm¡H$m gy{MH$m bVm Vwbm

t
No
agZm Zm{gH$m drUm n{ÌH$m

36
Znw§gH${b“: eãXn[aM`:
d
he
nwñVH$_² nU©_² J¥h_² {d_mZ_²
is
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
Ûma_² gmonmZ_² \$b_² nU©_²

to©
N>Ì_² H$adó_² `wVH$_² XeZ_²

t
No
ZjÌ_² H$‘V_² AmâU_² dmVm`Z_²

37
Aä`mg:
{MÌ§ Ñï²>dm Zm_ {bIV&
d
he
Ef:
............... Efm
............... EVV²
..............
is
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
EVV² .............. Ef: ............... Efm ..............

©
to
Efm ............... Ef: ............... EVV² ..............

t
No
Ef: ............... EVV² .............. Efm ..............

38
n#m_>: nmR…>
VX²-EVX² (n§w)
d
he
g: ~mbH$:& Ef: g¡{ZH$: &
g: H$: ? Ef: H$: ?
is
re S
g: ~mbH$:&
B Ef: g¡{ZH$:
bl
be T
pu
K
©
Vm¡ ~mbH$m¡& EVm¡ g¡{ZH$m¡ &

Vm¡ H$m¡ ? EVm¡ H$m¡ ?
Vm¡ ~mbH$m¡ & EVm¡ g¡{ZH$m¡&
t to
No
Vo ~mbH$m: & EVo g¡{ZH$m:&

Vo Ho$? EVo Ho$ ?
Vo ~mbH$m: EVo g¡{ZH$m:&
39
g: Vm¡ Vo
Ef: EVm¡ EVo
H$: H$m¡ Ho$
~mbH$: ~mbH$m¡ ~mbH$m:
g¡{ZH$: g¡{ZH$m¡ g¡{ZH$m:
d
Aä`mg:
he
I nR>Zmä`mg: (Cƒ¡: nR>V)
is
re S
N>mÌ:
B
N>mÌm¡ N>mÌm:
bl
Aœ: Aœm¡ Aœm:
be T
~mb:
pu ~mbm¡ ~mbm:
K
{nH$: {nH$m¡ {nH$m:

©
_Zwî`: _Zwî`m¡ _Zwî`m:

II nXmZm_² AWª _mV¥^mf`m {bIV&
H$a: =.......... h`: =.......... Za: =..........
KQ>: =.......... H$Q>: =.......... VQ>: =..........
to
AO: =.......... aW: =.......... ewH$: =..........

godH$: =.......... ^mñH$a: =.......... ^«_a: =..........
t
No
H$ÝXþH$: =.......... {ejH$: =.......... {^jwH$: =..........

III [aº§$ ñWmZ§ nya`V&
AO: AOm¡
40
am_m¡ am_m:
eH$Q>: eH$Q>m:
KQ>: KQ>m¡
ewH$m¡ ewH$m:
d
IV CXmhaUmZwgma§ {bIV&
he
CXm→ Ef: ewH$: EVm¡ ewH$m¡ EVo ewH$m:
is
re S
{^jwH$:
B {^jwH$m¡ {^jwH$m;
bl
eH$Q>: eH$Q>m¡ eH$Q>m:
be T

pu aW: aWm¡ aWm:
K
CXm→
©
g: Za: Vm¡ Zam¡ Vo Zam:

^mñH$a: ^mñH$am¡ ^mñH$am:
eya: eyam¡ eyam:
Yra: Yram¡ Yram:
to
AdJÀN>V&
t
JUoe: àW_mo Xod: JUoe§ Zm¡{_ gmÄO{b: &

No
JUoeoZ gw{g{Õ_} JUoem` Z_mo Z_: &&

JUoemV² b^Vo kmZ§ JUoeñ` ñVw{V: ew^m&
JUoeo ^[º$_mZpñ_ ho JUoe ew^§Hw$é&
gL>²J«h: -ûbmoH${gÕmÝVH$m¡_wXr
41
fð>: nmR>:
VX²-EVX² (ór)
d
he
gm ~m{bH$m& Efm d¡Úm&
gm H$m ? Efm H$m ?
is
gm ~m{bH$m&
re S Efm d¡Úm&
B
bl
be T
pu
K
©
Vo ~m{bHo$& EVo d¡Úo&

Vo Ho$ ? EVo Ho ?
Vo ~m{bHo$ & EVo d¡Úo&
t to
No
Vm: ~m{bH$m: & EVm: d¡Úm:&

Vm: H$m:? EVm: H$m…?
Vm: ~m{bH$m: EVm: d¡Úm:&
42
gm Vo Vm:
Efm EVo EVm:
H$m Ho$ H$m:
~m{bH$m ~m{bHo$ ~m{bH$m:
d
d¡Úm d¡Úo d¡Úm:
he
Aä`mg:
is
I
re S
nR>Zmä`mg: (Cƒ¡: nR>V)
B

bl
_{hbm _{hbo _{hbm:
be T
pu
K
H$Wm H$Wo H$Wm:

©
drUm drUo drUm:

AOm AOo AOm:
~mbm ~mbo ~mbm:
to
embm =.......... emIm =.......... H$Ý`m =..........

t
No
agZm =.......... AZwOm =.......... MQ>H$m =..........

Zm{gH$m
=.......... ^mfm =.......... no{Q>H$m =..........
d{ZVm =.......... _¥{ÎmH$m =.......... Hw$[ÄMH$m =..........
N>>m`m
=.......... drUm =.......... H$Wm =..........
43
^mfm ^mfm:
Zm{gHo$ Zm{gH$m:
_¥{ÎmH$m _¥{ÎmHo$
d
d{ZVm d{ZVm:
he
no{Q>Ho$ no{Q>H$m:
is
IV
re S
CXmhaUmZwgma§ {bIV&
B
bl
CXm→ Efm H$Ý`m EVo H$Ýò EVm: H$Ý`m:
be T
pu
bbZm bbZo bbZm:
K
N>m`m N>mò N>m`m:

©
CXm→
gm AZwOm Vo AZwOo Vm: AZwOm:
H$Wm Vo H$Wm:
gm _{hbo Vm:
to
AdJÀN>V&
t
a_m H$Ý`m g_wÐñ` a_m§ dÝXo h[a{à`m_²

No
a_`m a_Vo {dîUw: a_m`¡ {H«$`Vo Z_: &

a_m`m… H$m{YH$m Zmar a_m`m: godH$mo OZ:
a_m`m_² AZwaº$ñ` ho a_o a_go gXm &&
gL>²J«h: - ûbmoH${gÕmÝVH$m¡_wXr
44
gá_: nmR>:
VX²-EVX² (Znw)§
d
he
VV² nwñVH$_² EVV² nU©_²
VV² {H$_² ? EVV² {H$_² ?
is
VV² nwñVH$_² &
re S EVV² nU©_²&
B
bl
be T
pu
K
©
Vo nwñVHo$& EVo nU} &

Vo Ho$? EVo Ho$?
Vo nwñVHo$& EVo nU}&
t to
No
Vm{Z nwñVH$m{Z & EVm{Z nUm©{Z &

Vm{Z H$m{Z ? EVm{Z $H$m{Z?
Vm{Z nwñVH$m{Z & EVm{Z nUm©{Z &
45
VV² Vo Vm{Z
EVV² EVo EVm{Z
qH$ Ho$ H$m{Z
nwñVH$_² nwñVHo$ nwñVH$m{Z
nU©_² nU} nUm©{Z
d
Aä`mg:
he
I nR>Zmä`mg: (Cƒ¡: nR>V)
is

re S
kmZ_²
B
kmZo kmZm{Z
bl
_ñVH$_² _ñVHo$ _ñVH$m{Z
be T
pu
_pÝXa_² _pÝXao _pÝXam{U
K
ZoÌ_² ZoÌo ZoÌm{U

©
^dZ_² ^dZo ^dZm{Z

ZoÌ_² =.......... Ob_² =.......... dZ_² =..........
YZ_² =.......... nU©_² =.......... J¥h_² =..........
to
eara_² =.......... ^dZ_² =.......... nwñVH$_² =..........

t
Ûma_² =.......... aº$_² =.......... nÌ_² =..........

No
\$b_² =.......... _pÝXa_² =.......... `mZ_² =..........

nU©_² nUm©{Z
46
YZo YZm{Z
~mb: ~mbm:
ewH$m¡ ewH$m:
drUm drUo
d
d{ZVm d{ZVo
he
IV CXmhaUmZwgma§ {bIV&
is
CXm→ EVV² H$_b_² EVo H$_bo EVm{Z H$_bm{Z
re S B
bl
EVV² ^dZo ^dZm{Z
be T
emó_² EVo EVm{Z
pu
K
EVV² J¥ho J¥hm{U

CXm→
©
VV² ^dZ_² Vo ^dZo Vm{Z ^dZm{Z

nUª Vo nUm©{Z
VV² J¥ho J¥hm{U
to
ZoÌ§ Vo ZoÌm{U
AdJÀN>V&
t
No
kmZ§ kmZo M kmZm{Z dñVyZm§ gÝVw gd©Xm &

kmZ§ kmZo M kmZm{Z XÎmo {dÚmbò Jwé: &&
kmZoZ gh kmZmä`m§ kmZ¡: g§emoo^Vo dnw: &
kmZm` nmR²>`Vm§ kmZmV² {dZm {dàmoo Z emo^Vo&&
kmZñ` M \$b§ _mZ: kmZo g{V O`moo ^doV² &
47
Zm_nX_²
AH$mamÝV: nw§{b“: ‘Xod’eãX:
{d^{º$: EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²

àW_m G Xod: zÉÃªÀ£ÀÄ Xodm¡ E§âgÀÄ zÉÃªÀgÀÄ Xodm: zÉÃªÀgÀÄ
d
gå~moYZàW_m ºÉÃ J¯ÉÊ ho Xod ºÉÃ ho Xodm¡ ºÉÃ E§âgÀÄ ho Xodm: ºÉÃ
he
zÉÃªÀ£ÉÃ zÉÃªÀgÉÃ zÉÃªÀgÉÃ
{ÛVr`m C£ÀÄß Xod_² Xodm¡ E§âgÀÄ zÉÃªÀgÀ£ÀÄß XodmZ² zÉÃªÀgÀ£ÀÄß
is
re S
V¥Vr`m EAzÀ
B zÉÃªÀ£À£ÀÄß
XodoZ Xodmä`m_² E§âgÀÄ zÉÃªÀ- Xod¡: zÉÃªÀjAzÀ
bl
zÉÃªÀ¤AzÀ jAzÀ
be T
MVwWu UÉ, EUÉ, PÉÌ Xodm` zÉÃªÀ¤UÉ Xodmä`m_² E§âgÀÄ zÉÃªÀ- Xodoä`: zÉÃªÀjUÉÀ
pu
jUÉ
K
nÄM_r zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ XodmV² zÉÃªÀ£À Xodmä`m_² E§âgÀÄ zÉÃªÀgÀ Xodoä`: zÉÃªÀgÀ

©
zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ

fð>r C Xodñ` zÉÃªÀ£À Xod`mo: E§âgÀÄ zÉÃªÀgÀ XodmZm_² zÉÃªÀgÀ
gá_r C°è Xodo zÉÃªÀ£À°è Xod`mo: E§âgÀÄ zÉÃªÀgÀ°è Xodofw zÉÃªÀgÀ°è
AmH$mamÝV: ór{b“: ‘grVm’ eãX:
to
àW_m grVm grVo grVm:

gå~moYZàW_m ho grVo ho grVo ho grVm:
{ÛVr`m grVm_² grVo grVm:
t
No
V¥Vr`m grV`m grVmä`m_² grVm{^:

MVwWu grVm`¡ grVmä`m_² grVmä`:
nÄM_r grVm`m: grVmä`m_² grVmä`:
fð>r grVm`m: grV`mo: grVmZm_²
gá_r grVm`m_² grV`mo: grVmgw
48
AH$mamÝV: Znw§gH${b“: "‹dZ' eãX:
{d^{º$: EH$dMZ_² {ÛdM_² ~hþdMZ_²
àW_m dZ_² dZo dZm{Z
gå~moYZàW_m ho dZ ho dZo ho dZm{Z
{ÛVr`m dZ_² dZo dZm{Z
d
V¥Vr`m dZoZ dZmä`m_² dZ¡:
he
MVwWu dZm` dZmä`m_² dZoä`:
nÄM_r dZmV² dZmä`m_² dZoä`:
is
fð>r
re S B
dZñ` dZ`mo: dZmZm_²
bl
gá_r dZo dZ`mo: dZofw
be T
pu
K
©
[deofm§em:
am_mo amO_{U: gXm {dO`Vo am_§ a_oe§ Ôo&
am_oUm{^hVm {ZemMaM_y am_m` Vñ_¡ Z_: &&
am_mV² ZmpñV namÙ§ naV§a am_ñ` Xmgmo@>ñå`h_²&
to
am_o {MÎmb`: gXm {dO`Vo ^mo! am_ _m_wÕa&&

t
No
49
{H«$`mnX_²
bQ²> bH$ma: - nR²> YmVw: - dV©_mZH$mb:
nwéfm: EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²
n«W_nwwéf: am_: am_m¡ am_m:
III person grVm grVo grVm:
d
g: nR>{V Vm¡ nR>V: Vo nR>{ÝV
gm Vo Vm:
he
VV² Vo Vm{Z
_Ü`_nwéf: Ëd_² nR>{g `wdm_² nR>W: `y`_² nR>W
is
II person
re S B
bl
CÎm_nwéf: Ah_² nRm>{_ Amdm_² nR>md: d`_² nR>m_:
I person
be T
pu
Ed_² - ImX{V, ^d{V, JÀN>>{V, Ymd{V, ní`{V
K
{deofYmVwê$nm{U
©
bQ²> bH$ma: - Ag² YmVw:

nwéf: EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²
àW_nwéf: (~mbH$:) ApñV (~mbH$m¡) ñV: (~mbH$m:) gpÝV
to
_Ü`_nwéf: (Ëd_² ) A{g (`wdm§) ñW: (`y`_²) ñW

CÎm_nwéf: (Ah_²) Apñ_ (Amdm_²) ñd: (d`_²) ñ_:
t
bQ²> bH$ma: - H¥$ YmVw:

No

àW_nwéf: (g$:) H$amo{V (Vm¡) Hw$éV: (Vo) Hw$d©pÝV
_Ü`_nwéf: (Ëd_² ) H$amo{f (`wdm_²) Hw$éW: (`y`_²) Hw$éW
CÎm_nwéf: (Ah_²) H$amo{_ (Adm_²) Hw$d©: (d`_²) Hw$_©:
50
Aï>_: nmR>… {ÛVr`m- V¥Vr`m
d
he
{eew: jra§ {n~{V& JO: BjwXÊS>§ ImX{V&
is
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
N>mÌ: nmR>§ nR>{V ~mbm embm§ JÀN>{V&

to©
~mbm: H$ÝXþHo$Z H«$sS>pÝV {ejH$: gwYmIÊS>oZ {bI{V

t
No
_mVm hñVoZ XXm{V a_oe: {ÛM{H«$H$`m JÀN>{V&

51
amOoe: embm§ JÀN>{V& amYm dó§ jmb`{V
~mbm: nmR>mZ² nR>pÝV& _{hbm: ûbmoH§$ Jm`pÝV&
h[aham¡ JrV§§ Jm`V:& godH$: ^ma§ dh{V&
OZm: ZoÌmä`m§ ní`[ÝV& {nVm hñVoZ `ÀN>{V&
N>mÌm: boIÝ`m {bIpÝV& Aûd: doJoZ Ymd{V&
d
Aä`mg:
he
I. nR>Ýmmä`mg: (Cƒ¡: nR>V)
is
jra_²
re S B
jrao jram{U
bl
dó§ dóo dóm{U
be T
H$Wm§
pu H$Wo H$Wm:
K
ZoÌoU ZoÌmä`m§ ZoÌ¡:

©
H$U}Z H$Um©ä`m§ H$U£:

hñVoZ hñVmä`m§ hñV¡:
II. EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ {bIV &
1. JO: qH$ ImX{V?
to
C.................................................................
t
2. H$: jra§ {n~{V?

No
C.................................................................
3. H$m dó§ jmb`{V?
C.................................................................
52
4) H$m: boIÝ`m {bIpÝV?
C.................................................
5) godH$: qH$ dh{V?
C.....................................................
d
III. [aº§$ ñWmZ§ nya`V&
he
1. Aûd: .......................Ymd{V&
is

re S
2. ~mbm: nmR>mZ²......................&
B
bl
3. ................gwYmIÊS>oZ {bI{V&
be T
pu
4. _mVm................XXm{V&
K
5. ..................{ÛM{H«$H$`m JÀN>{V&
©
IV. dmŠ`{Z_m©U§ Hw$éV&

{eew:, ~mbm¡ nmR>§ Ymd{V
Aûd:, {ejH$: jra§ nmR>`{V
amOoe: doJoZ JÀN>{V
to
emb§m JÀN>V:
_pÝXa_² {n~{V
t
No
1 .....................................
2 .....................................
3 .....................................
4 .....................................
5 .....................................
53
Zd_: nmR>: MVwWu-nÄM_r
d
he
_mVm nwÌm` bÈx>H§$ `ÀN>{V& emaXm`¡ Z_:&
is
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
Xod: ^º$m` da§ XXm{V& JUoem` Z_: &

©
to
\$b§ d¥jmV² nV{V& ~m{bH$m embm`m: AmJÀN>{V&

t
No
~mbH$: H«$sS>m“UmV² AmJÀN>{V& d¥{ï>: _oKmV² nV{V&

54
VmV: nwÌm`µ n{ÌH$m§ XXm{V& N>mÌ: embm`m: AmJÀN>{V&
Aå~m ~mbm` jra§ `ÀN>{V& déU: AmnUmV² nwñVH$_² AmZ`{V&
~mb: {_Ìm` MmH$boh§ XXm{V& {eew: n`©L>²H$mV² nV{V&
{e[jH$m N>mÌm` kmZ§ XXm{V& nwÌ: Aå~m`m: _Ywa§ ñdrH$amo{V&
~m{bH$m Aå~m`¡ Z_: B{V dX{V& N>mÌm H$ú`m`m: JÀN>{V&
d
nwéf: _{hbm`¡ Jm¡ad§ `ÀN>{V& ZXr nd©VmV² àdh{V&
he
Aä`mg:
is
I.
re S
nR>Zmä`mg: (Cƒ¡: nR>V)
B
bl
nwÌm` nwÌmä`m_² nwÌoä`:
be T
pu
N>mÌm` N>mÌmä`m_² N>mÌoä`:
K
Aå~m`¡ Aå~mä`m_² Aå~mä`:

©
§_{hbm`¡ _{hbmä`m_² _{hbmä`:

dZmV² dZmä`m_² dZoä`:
nd©VmV² nd©Vmä`m_² nd©Voä`:
embm`m: embmä`m_² embmä`:
to
H$ú`m`m: H$ú`mä`m_² H$ú`mä`:

\$bmV² \$bmä`m_² \$boä`:
t
No
J«m_mV² J«m_mä`m_² J«m_oä`:

nwñVH$mV² nwñVH$mä`m_² nwñVHo$ä`:
55
II. H$moï>H$_² AdbmoŠ` dmŠ`m{Z aM`V&
(nwñVH$_²)
Aj`:
JUoe: (nÌ_²) A_a: (boIZr)
JrVm (ñ`yV:) `ÀN>{V gr_m (gwYmIÊS>:)
d
he
{Zem {d^m (_m{nH$m)
(_mO©Zr)
is
re S
CXmhaU§ - {e[jH$m H$ñ_¡ qH$ `ÀN>{V?
B
bl
{e[jH$m Aj`m` nwñVH§$ `ÀN>{V&
be T
pu
........ ........ .......
K
........ ........ ........

©
........ ........ ........

........ ........ ........
........ ........ ........
III. H$moï>H$_² AdbmoŠ` dmŠ`m{Z aM`V&
J¥h_²
to
_R>: CÚmZ_²
t
No
JÀN>{V
nmR>embm
Xodmb`:
H«$sS>m“U_²
56
CXmhaU_² → ~mbH$: Hw$V: Hw$Ì JÀN>{V?
~mbH$: J¥hmV² CÚmZ§ JÀN>{V
.......... .......... .......... ..........>>&
.......... .......... .......... ..........>>&
d
.......... .......... .......... ..........>>&
he
.......... .......... .......... ..........>>&
is
re S
.......... .......... .......... ..........>>&
B
bl
be T
pu
AdJÀN>V&
K
EH$ebmoH$s_hm^maV_²
©
AmXm¡ nmÊS>dYmV©amîQ´> OZZ§ bmjmJ¥ho XmhZ_²

ÚyVo lrhaU§ dZo {dhaU§ _Ëñ`mbò dY©Z_² &
brbmJmoJ«hU§ aUo {dVaU§ gpÝY{H«$`mO¥åÛ_²
^rî_X´>moUgw`moYZm{X_WZ§ EVÝ_hm^maV_²&&
tto
No
zzzzzz
57
Xe_: nmR: fð>r-gá_r
d
he
JUoeñ` dmhZ§ _yfH$: & H¥$îUñ` dmhZ§ {ÛM{H«$H$m&
is
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
J“m`m: VQ>o H$mer ApñV& VV² __ J¥h_² ApñV&

to©
qgh: dZo dg{V& N>mÌm: H$ú`m`m§ {bIpÝV&

t
No
AmâU§ H$U} ApñV& nwîn§ bVm`m§ ^d{V

58
{Xbrnñ` J¥h§ gwÝXa_² ApñV& H$mgmao _rZm: gÄMa[ÝV&
gwYrañ` _mVm dóm{U jmb`{V& AmH$meo ZjÌm{U emo^ÝVo &
a_oeñ` ^{JZr bÈx>H§$ {dVa{V& n[jU: ZrS>o {ZdgpÝV&
Ef: grVm`m: n{V:& N>mÌm: AÜ``Zo {ZaVm: gpÝV&
EVV² am_ñ` YZw: & d¥jofw \$bm{Z \$bpÝV&
d
JUoe: nmd©Ë`m: nwÌ: & H«y$a_¥Jm: dZo {ZdgpÝV&
he
Hw$~oa: YZñ` A{Yn{V: & CËnr{R>H$m`m§ nwñVH$_² ApñV&
_{hf: `_ñ` dmhZ_²& ~mbm: H«$sS>m“Uo H«$sS>pÝV&
is
re S
{edñ` Am`wY§ {Ìeyb_² &
B
Cf:H$mbo gy`©: CXo{V&
bl
gmJañ` Va“m: ^`§ OZ`pÝV& ~o“byéZJao {dYmZgm¡Y: ApñV&
be T
pu Aä`mg:
K
I. nR>Zmä`mg: (Cƒ¡: nR>V)

©
{Xbrnñ` {Xbrn`mo: {XbrnmZm_²

a_oeñ` a_oe`mo: a_oemUm_²
CXañ` CXa`mo: CXamUm_²
to
H$ÝXþH$ñ` H$ÝXþH$`mo: H$ÝXþH$mZm_²

t
No
J“m`m: J“`mo: J“mZm_²

bVm`m: bVm`mo: bVmZm_²
H$mgmao H$mgma`mo: H$mgmaofw
dZo dZ`mo: dZofw
59
d¥jo d¥j`moo: d¥jofw
JJZo JJZ`mo: JJZofw
nmXo nmX`mo: nmXofw
CËnr{R>H$m`m_² CËnr{R>H$`mo: CËnr{R>H$mgw
d
bVm`m_² bV`mo: bVmgw
he
II. [aº§$ ñWmZ§ nya`V&
is
re S
1) Hw$~oa: ................ A{Yn{V: & (YZ_²)
B
bl
2) amdU: .............. amOm& (b‘m)
be T

pu
3) {Ìeyb_² ............ A`wY_²& ({ed:)
K
4) _{hf................. dmhZ_²&( `_:)

©
5) ~mbm: ............... H«$sS>pÝV&(ZrS>_²)

6) n[jU: ............... {ZdgpÝV& (ZrS>_²)
7) nwñVH$_²............... ApñV& (ñ`yV:)
to
8) .................. _rZm: BVñVV: gÄMapÝV& (Ob_²)

9) nU©_²................. ApñV& (d¥j:)
t
10) AÞ§.................. ApñV& (ñWm{bH$m)

No
^mfmä`mg:
* àW_mV: gá_r{d^{º$n`©ÝV_² EH¡$H§$ dmŠ`§ {Ìfw {b“ofw aM`V&

60
Aä`mg§ Hw$éV
XH$mamÝV: nw§{b“: "VX²' eãX:

àW_m G g: CªÀ£ÀÄ Vm¡ CªÀj§âgÀÄ Vo CªÀgÀÄ
d
{ÛVr`m C£ÀÄß V_² CªÀ£À£ÀÄß Vm¡ CªÀj§âgÀ£ÀÄß VmZ² CªÀgÀ£ÀÄß
he
V¥Vr`m EAzÀ VoZ CªÀ¤AzÀ Vmä`m_² CªÀj§â- V¡… CªÀjAzÀ
is
re S jAzÀ
MVwWu UÉ, EUÉ, PÉÌ Vñ_¡ CªÀ¤UÉ Vmä`m_² CªÀj§âjUÉ Voä`: CªÀjUÉ
B
bl
nÄM_r Vñ_mV² CªÀ£À Vmä`m_² CªÀj§âgÀ Voä`: CªÀgÀ
be T
zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀÀ zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ
pu
K
fð>r C, Vñ` CªÀ£À V`mo: CªÀj§âgÀ Vofm_² CªÀgÀ

gá_r C°è Vpñ_Z² CªÀ£À°è V`mo: CªÀj§âgÀ°è Vofw CªÀgÀ°è
©
XH$mamÝV: nw§{b“: "EVX²' eãX;

àW_m G Ef… EªÀ£ÀÄ EVm¡ EªÀj§âgÀÄ EVo EªÀgÀÄ
{ÛVr`m C£ÀÄß EV_² EªÀ£À£ÀÄß EVm¡ EªÀj§âgÀ£ÀÄß EVmZ² EªÀgÀ£ÀÄß
to
V¥Vr`m EAzÀ EVoZ EªÀ¤AzÀ EVmä`m_² EªÀj§â- EV¡: EªÀjAzÀ

jAzÀ
t
No
MVwWu UÉ, EUÉ, PÉÌ EVñ_¡ EªÀ¤UÉ EVmä`m_² EªÀj§âjUÉ EVoä`: EªÀjUÉ
nÄM_r zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ EVñ_mV² EªÀ£À EVmä`m_² EªÀj§âgÀ EVoä`: EªÀgÀ
fð>r C, EVñ` EªÀ£À EV`mo: EªÀj§âgÀ EVofm_² EªÀgÀ
gßV_r C°è EVpñ_Z² EªÀ£À°è EV`mo: EªÀj§âgÀ°è EVofw EªÀgÀ°è
61
_H$mamÝV: ór{b“: "VX²' eãX:
{d^{º$: EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdM_²
àW_m gm Vo Vm:
{ÛVr`m Vm_² Vo Vm:
d
V¥Vr`m V`m Vmä`m_² Vm{^:
he
MVwWu Vñ`¡¡ Vmä`m_² Vmä`:
is
re S
nÄM_r
B Vñ`m: Vmä`m_² Vmä`:
bl
fð>r Vñ`m: V`mo: Vmgm_²
be T
gá_r
pu Vñ`m_² V`mo: Vmgw
K
©
XH$mamÝV: ór{b“: "EVX²' eãX:

àW_m Efm EVo EVm…
to
{ÛVr`m EVm_² EVo EVm:

V¥Vr`m EV`m EVmä`m_² EVm{^:
t
No
MVwWu EVñ`¡ EVmä`m_² EVmä`:

nÄM_r EVñ`m: EVmä`m_² EVmä`:
fð>r EVñ`m: EV`mo: EVmgm_²
gá_r EVñ`m_² EV`mo: EVmgw
62
XH$mamÝV: Znw§gH${b“: "VX²' eãX:
àW_m VV² Vo Vm{Z
{ÛVr`m VV² Vo Vm{Z
d
he
V¥Vr`m VoZ Vmä`m_² V¡:
MVwWu Vñ_¡ Vmä`m_² Voä`:
is
re S
nÄM_r
B
Vñ_mV² Vmä`m_² Voä`:
bl
be T
fð>r Vñ` V`mo: Vofm_²
pu
K
gá_r Vpñ_Z² V`mo: Vofw

©
XH$mamÝV: Znw§gH${b“: "EVX²' eãX:

àW_m EVV² EVo EVm{Z
to
{ÛVr`m EVV² EVo EVm{Z

V¥Vr`m EVoZ EVmä`m_² EV¡:
t
No
MVwWu EVñ_¡ EVmä`m_² EVoä`:

nÄM_r EVñ_mV² EVmä`m_² EVoä`:
fð>r EVñ` EV`mo: EVofm_²
gá_r EVpñ_Z² EV`mo: EVofw
63
_H$mamÝV: nw§{b“: "{H$_²' eãX:
àW_m H$: H$m¡ Ho$
d
{ÛVr`m H$_² H$m¡ H$mZ²
he
V¥Vr`m Ho$Z H$mä`m_² H¡$:
is
MVwWu
re S H$ñ_¡ H$mä`m_² Ho$ä`:
B
bl
nÄM_r H$ñ_mV² H$mä`m_² Ho$ä`:
be T
fð>r
pu H$ñ` H$`mo: Ho$fm_²
K
gá_r H$pñ_Z² H$`mo: Ho$fw

©
_H$mamÝV: ór{b“: "{H$_²' eãX:

àW_m H$m Ho$ H$m:
to
{ÛVr`m H$m_² Ho$ H$m:

V¥Vr`m H$`m H$mä`m_² H$m{^:
t
No
MVwWu H$ñ`¡ H$mä`m_² H$mä`:

nÄM_r H$ñ`m: H$mä`m_² H$mä`:
fð>r H$ñ`m: H$`mo: H$mgm_²
gá_r H$ñ`m_² H$`mo: H$mgw
64
_H$mamÝV: Znw§gH${b“: "{H$_²' eãX:
àW_m {H$_² Ho$ H$m{Z
{ÛVr`m {H$_² Ho$ H$m{Z
d
V¥Vr`m Ho$Z H$mä`m_² H¡$:
he
MVwWu H$ñ_¡ H$mä`m_² Ho$ä`:
nÄM_r H$ñ_mV² H$mä`m_² Ho$ä`:
is
fð>r
re S B H$ñ` H$`mo: Ho$fm_²
bl
gá_r H$pñ_Z² H$`mo: Ho$fw
be T
XH$mamÝV: {Ìfw {b“ofw g_mZ: "`wî_X²' eãX:
pu
K

©
àW_m G Ëd_² ¤Ã£ÀÄ `wdm_² ¤Ã«§âgÀÄ `y`_² ¤ÃªÀÅ

{ÛVr`m C£ÀÄß Ëdm_², Ëdm `wdm_², dm_² `wî_mZ², d:
¤£Àß£ÀÄß ¤«Ää§âgÀ£ÀÄß ¤ªÀÄä£ÀÄß
V¥Vr`m EAzÀ Ëd`m ¤¤ßAzÀ `wdmä`m_² ¤«Ää§â- `wî_m{^:
jAzÀ ¤«ÄäAzÀ
to
MVwWu UÉ, EUÉ, PÉÌ Vwä`_², VoÀ ¤£ÀUÉ `wdmä`m_², dm_² `wî_ä`_², d:
¤«Ää§âjUÉ ¤ªÀÄUÉ
t
No
nÄM_r zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ ËdV² ¤£Àß `wdmä`m_² ¤«Ää§âgÀ `wî_V² ¤ªÀÄä

fð>r C, Vd, Vo ¤£Àß `wd`mo:, dm_² `wî_mH$_², d:
¤«Ää§âgÀ ¤ªÀÄä
gá_r C°è Ëd{` ¤£Àß°è `wd`mo: ¤«Ää§âgÀ°è `wî_mgw ¤ªÀÄä°è

65
XH$mamÝV: {Ìfw {b“ofw g_mZ: "Añ_X²' eãX:

àW_m G Ah_² £Á£ÀÄ Amdm_² £Á«§âgÀÄ d`_² £ÁªÀÅ
d
he
{ÛVr`m C£ÀÄß _m_², _m £À£Àß£ÀÄß Amdm_², Zm¡ Añ_mZ², Z:
£À«Ää§âgÀ£ÀÄß £ÀªÀÄä£ÀÄß
is
V¥Vr`m
re S
EAzÀ
B
_`m £À¤ßAzÀ Amdmä`m_² Añ_m{^:
bl
£À«Ää§âjAzÀ £À«ÄäAzÀ
be T
pu
MVwWu _ø_², _o Amdmä`m_², Zm¡ Añ_ä`_², Z:
K
UÉ, EUÉ, £À£ÀUÉ

PÉÌ £À«Ää§âjUÉ £ÀªÀÄUÉ
©
nÄM_r _V² £À£Àß Amdmä`m_² Añ_V² £ÀªÀÄä

zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ £À«Ää§âgÀ zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ
zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ
fð>r C, __, _o £À£Àß Amd`mo:, Zm¡ Añ_mH$_², Z:
to
£À«Ää§âgÀ £ÀªÀÄä
gá_r C°è _{` £À£Àß°è Amd`mo: Añ_mgw £ÀªÀÄä°è

t
£À«Ää§âgÀ°è
No
66
Aä`mg:
1. BVadMZê$nm{U {bIV&
1. VoZ
he
2. EVm¡
3. Vmgm_²
is
re S EVñ`¡
B
bl
4.
be T
5. V`mo:
pu
K
6. EVofw
©
zzzzzz
t to
No
67
EH$mXe: nmR>:
ñVmoÌm{U
(H$UR>nmR>: H$aUr`:)
Z_ñVo JUZmWm`
JUmZm§ nVò Z_: &
d
^{º${à`m` Xodoe
he
^ºo$ä`: gwIXm`H$ && 1 &&
is
re S B
bl
Jwé~«©÷m Jwé{d©îUw:
be T
JwéX}dmo _hoída: &
pu
K
Jwé: gmjmËna~«÷m
Vñ_¡ lrJwado Z_: && 2 &&
©
bmo{hV§ aW_mê$T>§
gd©bmoH${nVm_h_² &
_hmnmnha§ Xod§
to
V§ gy`ª àU_må`h_² && 3 &&

t
X[jUo bú_Umo `ñ`

No
dm_o Vw OZH$mË_Om&
nwaVmo _mé{V`©ñ`
V§ dÝXo aKwZÝXZ_² && 4 &&
68
ñVmoÌm{U
1) JUZmW: ^{º${à`:
JUn{V:
gwaÁòð>… ^º$mZm§ gwIXm`H$:
d
he
2) ~««÷m {dîUw:
is
re S B
Jwé:
bl
_hoída: na§ ~«÷m
be T
pu
K
3) aº$dU©: aWméT>: gd©bmoH$ {nVm_h>:

©
gy`©:
↑
_hmnmnha:
to
4) bú_U:(X[jUV:) OZH$mË_Om(dm_V:)
t
No
am_:
↓
_mé{V:(nwaV…)
69
Aä`mg:
I EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ {bIV &
1) na~«÷m H$: ?
d
C. ...........................................
he
2) am_ñ` X[jU^mJo H$: ApñV ?
is

re S
C. ...........................................
B
bl
3) _hmnmnha: H$: ?
be T
pu
C. ...........................................
K
©
4) ^{º${à`: H$: ?
C. ...........................................
II g§`moO`V&
to
A Am CÎmam{U
t
1) AmË_Om AmÄOZo`: ..............

No
2) A_a: Am{XË`: ..............

3) _mé{V: Xod: ..............
4) gy`©: nwÌr ..............
70
III {déÕmW©H§$ nX§ {bIV&
1) X[jU: x 3) {à`: x
2) gwI_² x
IV Am_² / Z B{V {bIV &
d
1) aKwZÝXZñ` nwaV: bú_U: ApñV&
he
2) gy`©Xod: ídoVdU©aWmê$T>: ^d{V &
is

re S
3) Jwamo: naVa§ ZmpñV&
B
bl
V g§`wº$mja§ {MËdm {bIV&
be T
pu
CXm → ^ºo$ä`:
ŠVoo ä`:
K
ZmpñV →
©
bú_U: →
VI {d^Á` {bIV &
CXm → gwIXm`H$: = g²+C+I²+A+X²+Am+`²+A+H²$+A:
to
aW_mê$T_² =
t
aKwZÝXZ: =
No
^mfmä`mg:
* {d{dYXodVmZm§ ñVmoÌm{U nR>V& * àmW©Zm`m: _hÎd§ OmZÝVw&
zzzzzz
71
ÛmXe: nmR>:
earañ` A“m{Z
_Zwî`ñ` à««YmZ§ A“§ {ea: & {ea{g Ho$em: gpÝV& _wIo bbmQ>_², ^«y:,
ZoÌo, H$Um©¡, Zm{gH$m, H$nmob:, Amoð>m¡ M gpÝV& ZoÌmä`m§ d`§ ní`m_:&
d
H$Um©ä`§m d`§ lwUw_:& Zm{gH$`m JÝY§ {OK«m_:& AmñòZ d`§ dXm_:& _wIñ`
he
AY: H$ÊR>: ApñV & VoZ Jm`H$m: Jm{`H$m: M _Ywa§ Jm`pÝV&
ea[añ` _Ü`^mJo nmœ©`mo: ñH$ÝYm¡ ñV:& ldUHw$_ma: ñH$ÝYmä`m§
is
re S
AÝY{nVam¡ ZrVdmZ²& Ûm¡ hñVm¡ ñV: & hñVmä`m§ H$m`ª Hw$_©:& àËòH$pñ_Þ{n
B
bl
hñVo nÄM A“ë`:
w gpÝV& A“brfw w ZIm: gpÝV& dj:ñWbo hmam: Ym`©ÝVo&
be T
AmhmaoU CXa§ nya`m_: & AYmo^mJo H${Q>: dV©Vo& H${Q>gyÌo dó§ ~ÜZm_:&
pu
K
earañ` AYmo^mJo D$ê$, OmZwZr, O”o, nmXm¡ M gpÝV& ^r_: Xþ`m©oYZñ`

©
D$é^“§ H¥$VdmZ²&
nmXmä`m§ Za: Mb{V, Ymd{V, Hy$X©{V, Cn{de{V, C{Îmð>>{V M&
t to
No
72
No
t to ©
be TK
B
73
re S
pu
bl
:
ishe
d
{eewJrV_²
E{h gwYra! E{h gw{dH«$_!
IobZm“U§ JÀN>m_&
YmdZHy$X©ZMbZ¡: Iob¡:
d
dO«H$m`Vm§ {dÝXm_ &&1&&
he
E{h gwerbo ! E{h _¥Um{b{Z!
is
re S nwîndm[Q>H$m§ JÀN>m_&
B
bl
{d{dY¡: Hw$gw_¡: {dYm` _mbm§
be T
{d¿Z{dZmeH$_Mm©_ &&2&&
pu
K
E{h {XZoe! àUd! JUoe!

©
kmZ{ZqY g{ÄMZw`m_&
E{h emaXo! {J[aOo! daXo!
kmZdm[aYm¡ {dham_ &&3&&
VÝdm _Zgm {hV§§ MaÝV:
to
gXm Jwê$Z² AZwJÀN>m_&

^maV_mVw: godmgº$m:
t
No
Xoe{hVmWª Ordm_ &&4&&

- OZmX©Z hoJS>o
^mfmä`mg:
* AÝ`m{Z {eewJrVm{Z g§J¥ø Jm`V&
74
ÌòXe: nmR>:
n[adma:
g_ra: B{V EH$: ~mbH$: & AÚ g_rañ` OÝ_{XZ_²& Vñ` _mVm
{nVm, {nVm_hr, {nVm_h:, AJ«O:, AJ«Om, AZwOm M& EVo gd} Vñ`
d
OÝ_{XZ_² gÝVmofoU AmMapÝV&
he
AJÀN>
g_ra, AÚ Vd
OÝ_{XZ_²& Aä`“ñZmZ§ Aå~, qH$ Zm_
is
re S B H$a`m{_& Aä`“ñZmZ_²?
bl
be T
pu
K
©
w
e a ra§ boZK _Z…
àW_§ eara§ V¡boZ mO©ZoZ ñZmZ d
_mO©`m{_& V¡b_& CîUOb^d{VŸ& V©Z§
Ÿ § Y
AZÝVa_² CîUOboZ ñZmZ§ ^d{V àgÞAmamo½`dŸ&
^d{V
to
H$ma`m{_&
AñVw
t
No
75
AñVw Aå~, g_ra, AÚ Vd OÝ_{XZ_²Ÿ&
Aä`“ñZmZ§ gånÞ_²>& EVV² ZyVZdñÌ§ YaŸ&
Z_m{_ Aå~Ÿ&
d
is he
re S
gwÝXa_² dñÌ_²Ÿ& ho
B
bl
VmV àU_m{_Ÿ& ~w{Õ_mZ² ^dŸ&
{dÚmdmZ² ^dŸ&
be T
pu
K
©
gË`§, naÝVw __ nm¡Ì… BVmo@{n

to
gwÝXa…Ÿ& lÕmdmZ² ^dŸ& {dO`r __ nm¡Ìñ` H¥$Vo _Ywa§

^dŸ& XXm{_Ÿ& Am@@ Hw$é, ImX
{nVm_h, ní`Vw, __ nm¡Ì, ~bdmZ² ^dŸ&
gwÝXa_² dñÌ_²Ÿ& àU_m{_Ÿ& èñdr ^dŸ&
t
No
76
AñVw Aå~, Xod§
àW_§ Xod§ Z_,
AmaqV H$amo{_ Z_m{_, AZÝVa§
nwÌŸ! gd} _Ywa§ ImXm{_
AmJÀN>ÝVw,
AmaqV Hw$_©…Ÿ&
d
is he
re S
g_rañ` {_Ìm{U A{n
B
gd} g_ram` Cnm`Z§ `ÀN>pÝVŸ& _Ywa§
bl
AmJVm…Ÿ& AmJÀN>ÝVw gd}Ÿ&
ImXpÝVŸ& Jm`pÝV, hgpÝV, Z¥Ë`pÝV,
be T
{dZmoX§ Hw$d©pÝV MŸ&
pu
K
©
lÕm§ _oYm§ è… àkm§ {dÚm§ ~wqÕ {l`§ ~b_²>Ÿ& Am`wî`§ VoO
Amamo½`§ XXmVw OJXrœa…Ÿ&&
to
t
No
77
OÝ_{XZñ` JrV_²
ew^_ñVw ew^_ñVw
Vd OÝ_{XZo
ew^_ñVw&&
d
he
`ÀN>Vw `ÀN>Vw Xod
{dÚm§ ~wqÕ {l`§ ~b_²&
is
re S`ÀN>Vw `ÀN>Vw Xod
B
bl
ñdmñÏ`§ kmZ§ Am`w`©e…&& ew^_ñVw.....
be T
pu _mVm dX{V {nVm dX{V& ew^_ñVw....
K
_mVm_hr dX{V {nVm_h… dX{V& ew^_ñVw....

©
AJ«O… dX{V AJ«Om dX{V& ew^_ñVw....

AZwO… dX{V AZwOm dX{V& ew^_ñVw....
Áòð>… dX{V H${Zð>… dX{V& ew^_ñVw...
~ÝYw… dX{V {_Ì§ dX{V& ew^_ñVw....
to
~mÝYdm…
t
No
_mVm = vÁ¬Ä, {nVm = vÀAzÉ, nwÌ… = ªÀÄUÀ, nwÌr = ªÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ,

AJ«O… = CtÚ, AJ«Om = CPÀÌ, AZwO… = vÀªÀÄä, AZwOm… = vÀAV,
{nVm_h… = CdÓ, {nVm_hr = CfÓ, nm¡Ì… = ªÉÆªÀÄäUÀ, nm¡Ìr = ªÉÆªÀÄäUÀ¼ÀÄ.
78
Aä`mg…
I. CXmhaUmZwgma§ dmŠ`§ {bIV&
CXm  H¥$îUñ` {nVm dgwXod…& dgwXodñ` nwÌ… H¥$îU…&
A Am
d
H¥$îU…  dgwXod…
he
am_… {nVm XeaW…
is
re S
JUoe…
B nwÌ… {ed…
bl
{ddoH$mZÝX…  {dûdZmW…
be T
pu
JmÝYr_hmoX`… H$a_MÝX…
K
C. .............................................................
©
C. .............................................................
C. .............................................................
C. .............................................................
C. .............................................................
to
C. .............................................................
C. .............................................................
t
No
C. .............................................................
C. .............................................................
C. .............................................................
79
II. CXmhaUmZwgma§ dmŠ`§ {bIV&
CXm : {J[aOm`m… nwÌ… JUoe…& JUoeñ` _mVm {J[aOm&
A Am
{J[aOm JUoe…
d
H$m¡gë`m  am_…
he
gw{_Ìm nwÌ… bú_U…
is
grVm
re S _mVm bd…
n¥Wm  nmW©…
B
bl
amYm H$U©…
be T
pu
C. ..............................................................
K
C. ..............................................................
©
C. ..............................................................
C. ..............................................................
C. ..............................................................
C. ..............................................................
to
C. ..............................................................
C. ..............................................................
t
No
C. ..............................................................
C. ..............................................................
C. ..............................................................
80
III. ì`{º$n[aM`…
__ Zm_ ..................................&
__ {nVw… (OZH$ñ`) Zm_ ..................................&
d
__ _mVw… (OZÝ`m…) Zm_ ..................................&
he
__ embm`m… Zm_ ..................................&
is
re S
__ ZJañ` Zm_ ..................................&
B
bl
be T
__ _ÊS>bñ` Zm_ ..................................&
pu
K
__ amÁ`ñ` Zm_ ..................................&

©
__ Xoeñ` Zm_ ..................................&

t to
No
81
MVwaX©e: nmR>:
M¡ÌmoËgd:
ZyVZg§dËgañ` àmaå^:
M¡ÌmoËgdoZ ^d{V& Ef: `wJm{X:,
d
dgÝVmoËgd: B{V A{n à{gÕ:,
he
ApñV&
M¡Ì_mgo ewŠbnjo à{VnX²
is
re S
{XZo `wJm{X: & dgÝV-F$Vmo:
B
bl
AmJ_Z_²& Apñ_Z² {XZo
be T
Am_«{Zå~nÌ`mo: VmoaU¡: ÛmamUm_²
pu
K
Ab‘ma§ Hw$d©pÝV& J¥hñ` A“Uo

bbZm… a“d{ëb{dÝ`mg§ aM`pÝV&
©
J¥hñ` OZm: gd} Cf:H$mbo

Ed Aä`“ñZmZ§ (V¡bñZmZ_²)
Hw$d©pÝV& ZyVZdóm{U YapÝV& XodmZ² nyO`pÝV& J¥hñ` Áòð>: nÄMm“§ nR>{V&
H${Zð>m: Áòð>mZ² Jwê$Z² M Z_pÝV& Amerdm©X§ àmßZwdpÝV& ~ÝYw{_Ìoä`:
to
ew^me` {d{Z_`ñ` gåàXm`: A{n ApñV& gd} {deofV: {Zå~JwS>{_lU§

ImXpÝV& AZÝVa§ nmo{bH$m^moOZ§ ImXpÝV&
t
No
gm`‘>mbo Xodmbòfw nÄMm“\$bldUH$m`©H«$_: (d¥{ï>:, H¥${f:, J«hU_²

BË`m{X{df`mU§m gyMZm:) ^d{V& _pÝXaofw AÚ Amaä` Zd_rn`©ÝV§ lram_
H$WmldU_² A{n Am`moO`pÝV& EVñ` lram_moËgd: B{V H$W`pÝV&
82
{Zå~JwS>`mo: _hÎd_²
Am`wd}X: H$W`{V - dgÝVVm}: emar[aH${dH$mamUm§ H¥$Vo {Zå~§ {Xì`m¡fY_²&
{Zå~JwS>{_lUñ` godZoZ Xohñ` g_VmobZ§ gmÜ`Vo&
eVm`wd©O«Xohm` gd©gånËH$am` M&
gdm©[aï>{dZmem` {Zå~H§$Xb^jU_²&&
d
he
gwIXþ:I_², Ah{Z©e_², amJÛof_² EVofm§ g‘oV: {Zå~JwS>{_lU_² B{V
H${ddmUr & gwIXþ:I_² , bm^Zï>_², O`mnO`_² EVmZ² g_mZ^mdoZ ñdrH¥$Ë`
is
pñWVàkmo ^d B{V AmÜ`m[Ë_H$gÝXoemoo@Ì ApñV&
re S B
bl
M¡Ì_mgo gñ`m{Z {dH$gpÝV {dbgpÝV M & Am_«nwînm{U \${bËdm
nŠdm{Z \$bm{Z ^dpÝV& Am_«d¥jo {nH$: _Ywa§ Hy$O{V& gd©Ì
be T
pu
_Zmoëbmg:, Zdmoëbmg: M ^d{V&
K
©
{deofm§em:
* nwamUmZwgma§ ~«÷g¥ï>o: Amaå^{XZ_²&
* amdU§ g§öË` A`moÜ`m§ àË`mJVñ` lram_ñ` amÁ`^mañ` àmaå^{XZ_²&
* nÄMm“_² - {V{W:, dma:, ZjÌ_², `moJ:, H$aU§ M&
to
Aä`mg…
I. EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ {bIV&
t
No
1) M¡ÌmoËgd… {H${_{V à{gÕ… ?

C. ..............................................................
2) `wJm{X: H$pñ_Z² {XZo ^d{V?
C. ..............................................................
83
3) OZm: Cf:H$mbo qH$ Hw$d©pÝV?
C. ..............................................................
4) J¥hñ` Áòð> : qH$ nR>{V?
C. ..............................................................
d
5) `wJm{X{XZo {deofV: qH$ ImXpÝV?
he
C. ..............................................................
is
II. g§`moÁ` {bIV&
re S B
bl
A Am CÎmam{U
be T
M¡Ì_mg: Zdam{Ì CËgd: ...................
pu
^mÐnX_mg: XrnmoËgd: ...................
K
H$m{V©H$_mg: gL>²H«$mpÝV CËgd: ...................

©
nwî`_mg: JUoemoËgd: ...................

Amíd`wwO_mg: aWmoËgd: ...................
lram_moËgd:
to
1. ...............B{V AmÜ`mpË_H$gÝXoe:&
t
2. VmoaU¡: ..................Ab‘ma§ Hw$d©pÝV&

No
3. {Zå~JwS>{_lUñ` godZoZ Xohñ`..............gmÜ`Vo&

4. gd} .................... {_lU§ ImXpÝV&
5. {nH$: .................... _mgo _Ywa§ Hy$O{V&
84
IV. n`m©`nX§ {bIV&
bbZm = _[ÝXa_² =
J¥h_² = {nH$: =
V. {déÕmW©H§$ nX§ {bIV&
d
Áòð> : X ZyVZ_² X
he
O`_² X bm^: X
is
re S
VI. BVadMZÛ`§
B
{bIV&
bl
d¥jñ`
be T
pu Xoh`mo:

K
dóm{U
©
CËgd¡:
XodmZ²
VII. BVadMZÛ`§ {bIV&
to
{dbg{V
ImXW:
t
No
ní`m_:
85
ÛmXe _mgm: 12 fQ²> F$Vd: 06
1) M¡Ì:
dgÝV:
2) d¡emI:
d
he
3) Áòð>:
J«rî_:
is
4) AfmT>:
re S B
bl
5) lmdU:
be T
pu
dfm©
K
6) ^mÐnX:
©
7) Amœ`wO:
eaX²
8) H$m{V©H$:
to
9) _mJ©erf©:
ho_ÝV:
t
10) nwî`:
No
11) _mK:
{e{ea:
12) \$mëJwU:
86
{VW`: nd©{XZm{Z

à{VnV² `wJm{Xà{VnV²
{ÛVr`m ^{JZr{ÛVr`m
d
V¥Vr`m Aj`V¥Vr`m
he
MVwWu JUoeMVwWu
is
nÄM_r ZmJnÄM_r
re S B
bl
fð>r gw~«÷Ê`fîR>r
be T
pu
gá_r aWgá_r
K
Aï>_r XþJm©ï>_r
©
Zd_r _hmZd_r - A`wYnyOm

Xe_r {dO`Xe_r
EH$mXer d¡Hw$ÊR> EH$mXer
to
ÛmXer CËWmZÛmXer
t
Ì`moXer e{ZÌ`moXer
No
MVwX©er ZaH$MVwX©er
ny{U©_m hmo{bH$m ny{U©_m
A_mdñ`m _hmb` A_mdñ`m ({nV¥ A_mdñ`m)
87
gádmgam:
1. Am{XË`dmga: ^mZwdmga: ànaø:
2. gmo_dmga: BÝXþdmga: naø:
3. _“bdmga: ^m¡_dmga: ø:
d
he
4. ~wYdmga: gm¡å`dmga: AÚ
is
5. Jwédmga:
re S ~¥hñn{Vdmga: œ:
B
bl
6. ewH«$dmga: ^mJ©ddmga: naœ:
be T
pu
7. e{Zdmga: _ÝXdmga: ànaœ:
K
©
Aä`mg:
to
AÚ BÝXþdmga:
t
No
zzzzzz
88
AdYo`m§em:
Ho$MZ CËgdm:
1. dfm©aå^: - M¡ÌewŠb à{VnV² (MmÝÐ_mZo)
- _ofg§H«$_U_² (gm¡a_mZo)
d
2. am_Zd_r - M¡Ì ewŠb Zd_r
he
3. H¥$îU OÝ_mï>_r - lmdU H¥$îUmï>_r
4. ì`mgny{U©_m(AfmT>ny{U©_m) - AmfmT> ny{U©_m
is
re S
5. JrVmO`ÝVr
B - _mJ©erf© ewŠb EH$mXer
bl
6. g§ñH¥$VmoËgd: - lmdU ny{U©_m
be T
pu
7. Jm¡arJUoemoËgdm¡ - ^ÐnX ewŠb V¥Vr`m - MVwWu M
K
8. ZdamÌmoËgd: - Amœ`wO ewŠb à{VnX: Xe_r n`©ÝV_²

©
9. Xrnmdbr - Aœ`wO H¥$îU MVwX©erV: H$m{V©H$ ewŠb à{VnV²

n`©ÝV_²
10. JwéZmZH$O`ÝVr - H$m[V©H$ ewŠb ny{U©_m
11. H$ZH$O`ÝVr - H$m{V©H$ ewŠb V¥Vr`m
to
12. dmë_r{H$O`[ÝV - Amœ`wO ewŠb MVwX©er

13. {H«$ñV O`ÝVr - {S>goå~a² nMqde{V {XZm‘o
t
No
14. _H$a g§H«$mpÝV: - gm¡a_mZo _H$a à{VnV²

15. ~wÕ ny{U©_m - d¡emI ny{U©_m
16. _hmdra O`ÝVr - M¡Ì ewŠb Ì`moXer
17. H$m{bXmg O`ÝVr - H$m{V©H$ ewŠb ÛmXer
89
18. lr e‘amMm`© O`ÝVr - d¡emI ewŠb nÄM_r
19. lr am_mZwO O`ÝVr - _of_mgo AmÐm© ZjÌo (gm¡a_mZo)
20. lr _ÜdmMm`© O`ÝVr - Amœ`wO ewŠb Xe_r
21. ~gd O`ÝVr - d¡emI ewŠb V¥Vr`m
d
22. {ddoH$mZÝX O`ÝVr - nwî` H¥$îU gá_r
he
23. JmÝYrO`ÝVr - AŠQ>mo~a² {ÛVr` {XZm‘o
( ^mÐnX H¥$îU EH$mXer 2-10-1869)
is
re S
24. S>m&& {~. Ama². Aå~o‘a² O`ÝVr - E{àb² MVwX©e {XZm‘o
B
bl
( M¡Ì ewŠb fð>r-14-4-1891)
be T
pu
K
t ©
to
No
90
n#mXe: nmR>:
Ahmo ! H$mH$ñ` _yI©Vm!
EH$: Obme`: ApñV& Obmeò
h§g: {dha{V& Obme`ñ` Vrao d¥j:
d
ApñV& H$mH$: h§g§ § ní`{V& g: {MÝV`{V
he
""h§g: gd©Xm Obmeò ^d{V& AV:
h§g§ ñ` dU©: œoV:& Ah§ H¥$îU: Apñ_&
is
re S
Ah§ ñZmZ§ H$amo{_& Ah_² A{n œoV:
B
bl ^dm{_'' B{V&
be T
pu
K
AZÝVa§ dm`g: g{bbme`§ JÀN>{V&

OboZ eara§ àjmb`{V& nmfmUIÊS>Zo eara§
©
dma§ dma§ _mO©`{V& nwZ: nwZ: ñZmZ§ H$amo{V&

VWm{n H$mH$: H¥$îU: Ed ApñV& naÝVw Xoho
Vrd«m doXZm ^d{V& H$mH$: H¥$îU: Ed ApñV,
œoV: Z ^d{V& AÝYmZwH$aU§ {dZmeH$maU_² B{V H$mH$: AdJÀN>{V&
to
Aä`mg:
t
No
1. d¥j: Hw$Ì ApñV?

C.................................................................
2. H$mH$: qH$ ní`{V?
C.................................................................
91
3. H$mH$: OboZ qH$ àjmb`{V?
C...................................................................
4. H$mH$: Ho$Z eara§ _mO©`{V?
C...................................................................
d
5. H$mH$: Hw$Ì JÀN>{V?
he
C...................................................................
II. n`m©`nX§ {bIV&
is
re S
eara_² =
B
Ob_² =
bl

be T
H$mH$: = d¥j: =
pu
K
œoV: = nwZ:nwZ: =
©

1. h§gñ` dU©: ...............&
2. H$mH$ñ` dU©: ..............&
3. h§g:....................... {dha{V&
to
4. AÝYmZwH$aU§ .............&
t
IV. BVadMZê$nm{U {bIV&

No
1. JÀN>{V
2. ^dW
3. {MÝV`V:
92
4. ní`{g
5. H$wéV:
6. ApñV
d
V. H$moï>Ho$
{dÚ_mZmZ² eãXmZ² Cn`wÁ`, CXmhaU§ Ñï²>dm
he
dV©_mZH$mbo dmŠ`m{Z aM`V&
CXmhaU_² - ~mbH$: JÀN>{V.
is
re S B
bl
amYm
be T
g: ~mbH$:
pu
K
JÀN>{V
H$: JO:
©
OZH$: hare:
dmhZ_²
1.............................
to
2.............................
t
3.............................
No
4.............................
5.............................
6.............................
93
7.............................
8.............................
VI. bQ²>bH$maê$nm{U {bIV&

d
he
àW_: {dha{V
_Ü`_:
is
re SCÎm_:
B
bl
be T
pu
àW_:
K
_Ü`_: {n~W:
©
CÎm_:
àW_:
_Ü`_:
to
CÎm_: ^dm_:
t
No
^mfmä`mg: -
* nÄMVÝÌñ` H$Wm§ nR>V& * {hVmonXoeñ` H$Wm§ nR>V &
94
fmoS>e: nmR>: bQ²> bH$ma:
Ë`mJ_y{V©: apÝVXod:
àmMrZH$mbo ^maVo apÝVXod: B{V _hmamO: AgrV² & XmZH$m`}U g:
X[aÐ: ^d{V& ~hÿ{Z {XZm{Z `mdV² ^moOZ_² A{n Z àmßZmo{V&
d
EH$pñ_Z² {XZo apÝVXod:
he
{H${ÄMV² AÞ§, Ob§ M àmßZmo{V&
_hmamO: gÝVmofUo ^moOZ§ Im{XVw_²
is
re S
Cn{de{V VXm EH$: A{V{W: VÌ
B
bl
AmJÀN>{V& g: apÝVXodñ` g_rno
be T
{^jm§ `mM{V& X`mbw: apÝVXod:
pu
AÞñ` EH§$ ^mJ§ Vñ_¡ XXm{V&
K
A{V{W: gÝVmofUo JÀN>{V&

©
_hmamO: nwZ: ^moOZmW©_² Cn{de{V& VXm AÝ`: X[aÐ: VÌ AmJÀN>{V&

g: A{n {^jm§ `mM{V& H$éUmbw: _hmamO: nwZ: AÞñ` EH§$ ^mJ§ Vñ_¡
`ÀN>{V& X[aÐ: AmZÝXoZ JÀN>{V&
apÝVXod: nwZ: ^moOZmW©_² Cn{de{V& VXm Ana: [^jwH$: ewZH¡$:
to
gh AmJÀN>{V& g: A{n ewZH$mWª {^jm§ àmW©`{V& H¥$nmbw: apÝVXod:

Ad{eîQ>_² Aën_² AÞ§ Vñ_¡ XXm{V& A{V{W: hf}U JÀN>{V&
t
BXmZt _hmamOñ` g_rno Ho$db§ Ob_² ApñV& g: "Ob§ {n~m{_' B{V

No
{MÝV`{V& VXm AÝ`: `mMH$: AmJÀN>{V& g: Ob§ XXmVw B{V àmW©`{V&

H$éUmgmJa: _hmamO: Vñ_¡ Ob§ `ÀN>{V& `mMH$: à_moXoZ VV: JÀN>{V&
Ed§ _hmamO: AÝòä`: gånyUª XmZ§ H¥$Ëdm "Ë`mJ_y{V©:' B{V à{gÕ:
^d{V&
95
1. apÝVXod: Hw$Ì _hmamO: AmgrV²?
C...................................................................
2. H$: gÝVmofoU JÀN>{V&
d
C...................................................................
he
3. H$: Ob§ àmW©`{V?
C...................................................................
is
re S
4. apÝVXod: qH$ qH$ àmßZmo{V??
B
bl
C...................................................................
be T
pu
5. Ë`mJ_y{V©: B{V H$: à{gÕ:?
K
C...................................................................
©
II. g_rMrZ§ {H«$`mnX§ {MËdm {bIV&

`mM{V H$amo{V àmßZmo{V JÀN>{V AmJÀN>{V
1. _hmamO: ^moOZ§ Z ....................&
to
2. A{V{W: hf}U.......................&
t
No
3. X[aÐ: {^jm§ .........................&

4. {^jwH$: ewZH¡$: gh ...................&
5. apÝVXod: XmZ§ ..........................&
96
III. g_rMrZñWbo [H«$`mnXm{Z ñWmn`V&
nwéf… EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²
{H«$S>m_:, nV{V
àW_…
{bIW, Z¥Ë`{g
_Ü`_… {n~pÝV, ní`md:
d
CÎm_… VmS>`m{_ YmdV:, dXW:
he
IV. g_rMrZ§ {H«$`mnXê$nm{U {bIV&
is
re S
1. N>mÌ: nR>{V& Ah§ ..................&
B
bl
2. Aíd: Ymd{V& Ëd§...................&
be T
pu
3. d`§ Z`m_: & ~mbH$m:..............&
K
4. nwñVH§$ nV{V & \$bm{Z................&

©
5. Ah§ ImXm{_& JO:..................&

V. CÎma§ {MËdm H$Wm§ nya`V&
~mbH$m¡ dZ§ ............ (JÀN>{V, JÀN>V:, JÀN>pÝV)& nwaV:
to
^ëbyH$: ................ (AmJÀN>m{_, AmJÀN>{g, AmJÀN>{V)& EH$:

~mbH$: d¥j_² ................ (AmamohpÝV, Amamoh{V, AmamohW)& AÝ`:
t
No
_¥V: Bd e`Z§ ..................... (H$amo{V, H$amo{_, Hw$d©pÝV)& ^ëbyH$:

V§ Ë`ŠËdm JÀN>{V& àW_: ~mbH$: d¥jV: ............... (Adamohmd:,
Adamohm{_, Adamoh{V)& AÝ`§ n¥ÀN>{V - "^ëbyH$: {H$_² Cº$dmZ²'? B{V&
AÝ`:............. (dX{V, dXV:, dXm{_) - H$ï>H$mbo `: gmhmæ`§ Z
................(Hw$d©pÝV, H$amo{V, H$amo{_) g: {_Ì§ Z B{V&
97
VI. {H«$`mnXm{Z ApÝdî` {bIV&
AÌ fmoS>e (16) {H«$`mnXm{Z gpÝV&
{b I {g d g W
Im n Im X V: V
d
{_ í`m n {V í` n
he
Xm d: R> d {g V
is
X
re S ~m {V ^ d pÝV
V {n ~m {_ Ym H«$s
B
bl
be T
pu
CXm 1. {bI{g 2. ...............
K
3. ............... 4. ...............
©
5. ............... 6. ...............
7. ............... 8. ...............
to
9. ............... 10. ..............

t
11. .............. 12. ..............

No
13. .............. 14. ..............
15. .............. 16. ..............
98
{H«$`mH$bmn:
VII. ñd`§ nÄMdmŠ`m{Z aM`V&
CXm ~mbH$: qH$ H$amo{V?
~mbH$: jra§ {n~{V&
d
~mbH$: embm§ JÀN>{V BË`mXr{Z
he
1. _mVm qH$ H$amo{V?
C. ..............................................
is
re S
..............................................
B
..............................................
bl
..............................................
be T
pu
..............................................
K
2) AÜ`mnH$: qH$ H$amo{V?

©
C. ..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
to
3) ^dmZ²/ ^dVr qH$ H$amo{V ?

C. ..............................................
t
No
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
zzzzzz
99
gáXe: nmR>…
gw^m{fVm{Z
(H$ÊR>nmR>… H$aUr`…)
d
1. CXò g{dVm aº$… aº$íMmñV_ò VWm&
he
gånÎmm¡ M {dnÎmm¡ M _hVm_oH$ê$nVm&&
is
re S
2. `Wm {MÎm§ VWm dmM… `Wm dmMñVWm {H«$`m…&
B
bl
{MÎmo dm{M {H«$`m`m§ M gmYyZm_oH$ê$nVm&&
be T
pu
3. dO«mX{n H$R>moam{U _¥Xÿ{Z Hw$gw_mX{n&
K
bmoH$moÎmamUm§ MoVm§{g H$mo {h {dkmVw_h©{V&&

©
4. AY_m YZ{_ÀN>pÝV YZ_mZm¡ Vw _Ü`_m…&

CÎm_m… _mZ{_ÀN>pÝV _mZmo {h _hVm§ YZ_²&&
5. e¡bo e¡bo Z _m{UŠ`§ _m¡{º$H§$ Z JOo JOo&

to
gmYdmo Z {h gd©Ì MÝXZ§ Z dZo dZo&&

t
No
6. gË`_oH$nX§ ~«÷ gËò Y_©… à{V{ð>V…&

gË`_odmj`m doXm… gËòZ¡dmß`Vo na_²&&
100
gw^m{fVmZm_² AWm©…
1) gy`©… CX`H$mbo AñV_`H$mbo M aº$dU©… Ed ^d{V& Ed_od
gånËH$mbo AmnËH$mbo M _hmnwéfm… g_mZm… {Vð>pÝV&
2) òZ àH$maoU {MV§ (_Z…) ^d{V VXZwgmaoU gå^mfUm{Z dV©ÝVo&
d
he
Ed§ gå^mfUm{Z ^dpÝV& VXZwgma§ H$m`m©{U ^dpÝV& _mZgo
gå^mfUo M _hmË_mZ… g_mZê${nU… ^dpÝV&
is
re S
3) bmoHo$ CÎm_mZm§ _Z… dO«mV² A{n H$R>moa§ ^d{V& ¹${MV² Hw$gw_mV²
B
bl
A{n _¥Xþ ^d{V& AV… _hmË_Zm§ {MÎm§ kmVw§ H$mo {h g_W©…
be T
pu
^d{V?
K
4) ZrMm… YZ_² BÀN>pÝV& _Ü`_m… Vw YZ§ Jm¡ad§ M BÀN>pÝV& CÎm_m…

©
Jm¡ad_² Ed BÀN>[ÝV& _mZ… Ed _hmË_Zm§ YZ§ ^d{V&

5) gd}fw e¡bofw _m{UŠ`§ Z ^d{V& gd}fw JOofw _m¡{º$H§$ Z
^d{V& gd}fw dZofw MÝXZd¥j… Z ^d{V& Ed§ gÁOZm… gd©Ì Z
to
^dpÝV&
6) gË`{_{V EH$nX_od ~«÷m& gËò Ed Y_©… {Z{hVmo ^d{V&
t
No
gË`_od Zmea{hVm… doXm…& gË`_mJ}U¡d _moj… àmß`Vo&
101
Aä`mg…

1) g{dVm H$Xm aº$dU©… ^d{V ?
d
C. .............................................................
he
2) bmoH$moÎmamUm§ MooVm§{g H$ñ_mX{n H$R>moam{U ^dpÝV ?
is
C. .............................................................
re S B
bl
3) _hVm§ YZ§ {H$_² ?
be T
C. .............................................................
pu
K
4) Ho$fm§ Xe©Z§ nwÊ`§ ^d{V ?

©
C. .............................................................
5) H$ñ` g_mJ_… gÚ… \$b{V ?
C. .............................................................
to
II. g§`moÁ` {bIV&

A Am CÎmam{U
t
No
1) eer 1) X¡Ý`_²
2) H$ënVé$… 2) _m¡{º$H$_²
3) JO… 3) Vmn_²
102
III. {déÕmW©H§$ nX§ {bIV&
1) gmYw… X
2) _¥Xþ X
3) CÎm_m… X
d
he
IV. MVwW©nX§ {bIV&
1) dO«_²… H$R>moa_² …… Hw$gw__² … &
is
re S B
bl
2) e¡bo … _m{UŠ`_² …… dZo … &
be T
3) CÎm_m… _mZ_² …… AY_m… … &
pu
K
V. n`m©`nX§ {bIV&
©
1) g{dVm =
2) {MÎm_² =
3) eer =
to
4) e¡b… =
t
5) JO… =
No
103
Aï>mXe: nmR>…
g§L²>»`m…
EH$_² 1
d
he
EH§$$ öX`_²
is
re S EH§$ _pñVîH$_² EH$_² CXa_²
Ûo 2
B
bl
be T
pu
K
Ûo ZoÌo Ûm¡ hñVm¡ Ûm¡ H$Um£ Ûm¡ nmXm¡

©
Ìr{U 3
to
Zm[aHo$bñ` ZoÌm{U Ìr{U {~ëdnÌm{U Ìr{U {edñ` ZoÌm{U Ìr{U

MËdm[a 4
t
No
MVwd}Xm… MVw_w©I~«÷m MVw_w©Iqgh…

104
n#m 5
n#m_hm^yVm{Z
d
Ob_² dm`w… ^y{_… A{¾… AmH$me…
he
fQ²> 6
is
re S B
fS²>Xmofm… hmVì`m…
bl
be T
pu
K
{ZÐm VÝÐm ^`_² H«$moY… Ambñ`_² XrK©gyÌVm

©
fS²>-agm…
_Ywa_² {Vº$_² H$Qw>… Amåb… H$em`… bdU_²

to
gá 7 gá-F$f`…
t
No
d{gð>… âÛmO… {dídm{_Ì… Jm¡V_… A{Ì… AJñË`… O_X{¾…
105
Aï> 8
Aï>{Xe…

CÎmam
d
B©emÝ`m
he
dm`ì`m
is
re S B
bl
be T
pu
npíM_m nydm©
K
©
Z¡F$Ë`m Am¾o`m
to
X{jUm
t
No
106
Zd 9 Zd YmÝ`m{Z
d
is he
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
Xe 10 Xe-AdVmam…
to
t ©
No
107
AdYo`m§em…
_Ëñ`Hy$_m} damhíM Z¥qghmo dm_ZñVWm&
am_moam_íM H¥$îUíM ~wÕH$ëH$s VWm Xe&&
gL²>»`m…
d
Cƒ¡… nR>V - AdJÀN>V - [aº$ñWmZofw {bIV M&
he
1 1 EH$_²
is
re S2 2 Ûo
Ìr{U
B
3 3
bl
be T
4 4 MËdm[a
pu
K
5 5 n#m
©
6 6 fQ²>
7 7 gá
8 8 Aï>
9 9 Zd
to
10 10 Xe
11 11 EH$mXe
t
No
12 12 ÛmXe
13 13 Ì`moXe
14 14 MVwX©e
108
15 15 n#mXe
16 16 fmoS>e
17 17 gáXe
18 18 Aï>mXe
d
19 19 ZdXe
he
20 20 qde{V…
is
re S B Aä`mg…
bl
I. CXmhaUmZwgma§ {bIV&
be T
pu
CXm Xe = 10 fmoS>e = ..............
K
n#mXe = .............. MVwX©e = ..............

©
{d§e{V: = .............. EH$_² = ..............

ÛmXe = .............. .............. = 19
.............. = 18 .............. = 17
.............. = 12
to
II. AmdaUñWm§ gL²>»`m§ Ñï²>dm [aº§$ ñWmZ§ nya`V&

1. .............. ~«÷m (1)& 6. ............. dmgam… (7)
t
No
2. .............. ZoÌo (2)& 7. ............. AdVmam… (10)&

3. .............. dMZm{Z (3)& 8. ............. éÐm… (11)&
4. .............. nmÊS>dm… (5)& 9. ............. _mgm… (12)&
5. .............. F$Vd… (6) 10. ........... g§ñH$mam… (16)&
109
g_`…
EH$dmXZ_² - 1.00 {ÛdmXZ_² - 2.00
d
is he
re S n#mdmXZ_² - 5.00 gnmXfS²>dmXZ_² 6.15
B
bl
be T
pu
K
gmY©gádmXZ_² - 7.30 nmXmoZ Aï>dmXZ_² - 7.45

©
Xem{YH$ZddmXZ_² - 9.10 XemoZ ÛmXedmXZ_² - 11.50
Aä`mg…
to
H$… g_`… ? CXm 3.30 gmY© {ÌdmXZ_²

2.30 = .................... 1.30 = ....................
t
No
4.10 = .................... 3.50 = ....................

8.45 = .................... 5.30 = ....................
10.00 = .................... 12.30 = ....................
^mfmä`mg… 1) g_`ñ` _hÎd§ OmZrV& 2) {XZM`mª {bIV&
110
EH$moZqde… nmR>…
_hmdramMm`©…
gd}fw {dfòfw J{UV§ à_wI_²& àmV…H$mbV… am{Ìn`©ÝV§ H$Xm B{V
g_`JUZm, {H$`V² B{V _m¡ë`JUZm, H${V B{V g§»`mJUZm, gXm ^d{V
Ed & J{UV§ {dZm OrdZ§ ZmpñV & OJ{V J{UVjoÌo ^maVr`J{UVkmZm§
d
`moJXmZ§ à_wI_² ApñV & Vofw J{UVkofw H$Um©Q>H$ñ` _hmdramMm`©… AÝ`V_…&
he
_hmdramMm`©… Jwë~Jm©àmÝVñ` amï´>Hy$Q>d§eñ` A_moKdf©Z¥nVw§Jñ`
AmñWmZo Zd_eVmãYm¡ (815-878) AmgrV² & O¡Z_VñW… Ef… AmMm`©…
is
re S
J{UVgmag§J«h… B{V à{gÕñ` J«ÝWñ` aM{`Vm ApñV& J«ÝWo Zd AÜ`mòfw
B
bl
1100 íbmoH$m… gpÝV & {d{dYm… AmH$f©H$m… J{UVg_ñ`m… íbmoH$ê$noU
be T
gpÝV & J{UVkñ` _oYme{º$…, H$do… H$ënZme{º$…, H$bmH$mañ`
pu
K
g¥OZe{º$… Ed§ Ì`mUm§ g§J_… _hmdramMm`©… B{V npÊS>>Vm… dXpÝV &

nÚê$noU H$ënZme{º$Ûmam J{UV{df`ñ` ~moYZ§ Vñ` {deofVm AmgrV²
©
& amO_hopÝÐàmÝVñ` nmdby[a _„U… B{V J{UVk… J{UVgmag§J«h… B{V

J«ÝWñ` AZwdmX§ VobwJw^mfm`m_² AH$amoV² & AJ«o MoÞ¡ àmÝVñ` g§ñH¥$Vñ`
àmÜ`mnH$… amd² ~hÔÿa² E_². a§JmMm`©… g§ñH¥$VàmÜ`mnH$… {H«$.e. 1912 V_o
df} Am§½b^mfm`m_² AZwdmX_² AH$amoV² & AYwZm H$ÞS>o, {hÝXr ^mfm`m_{n
Ef… J«ÝW… AZy{XV… ApñV &
to
_mbmê$nJ{UV_²
t
139 X 109 = 15151

No
11011011 X 91 = 1002002001
152207 X 73 = 11111111
14287143 X 7 = 100010001
111
142857143 X 7 = 1000000001
333333666667 X 33 = 11000011000011
12345671 X 9 = 111111111
27994681 X 441 = 12345654321
d
X{jUV… dm_^mJ§ AWdm dm_V… X{jU^mJ§ nR>m_… MoV²
EH$ê$ng§»`m Ed ^d{V & gm g§»`m _mbmê$ng§»`m & Ed§ ~hÿ{Z CXmhaUm{Z
he
J{UVgmagL>²J«ho gpÝV &
g§»`mkmZàXrnoZ O¡ZoÝÐoU _hpÎdfm &
is
re S
àH$m{eV§ OJËgdª òZ V§ àU_må`h_² &&
B
bl
`… O¡Z_w{Z… _hmdramMm`©… J{UVkmZoZ OJV² àH$m{eVdmZ² Vñ_¡
be T
pu
Ah§ àU_m{_ &
K
Aä`mg…
©

1) gd}fw {dfòfw qH$ à_wI_² ?
C. .............................................................
to
2) _hmdramMm`©… H$… ?
t
C. .............................................................
No
3) _hmdramMm`©… H$ñ` AmñWmZo AmgrV² ?

C. .............................................................
112
4) _hmdramMm`©ñ` à{gÕñ` J«ÝWñ` Zm_ {H$_² ?
C. .............................................................
5) J{UVgmag§J«hJ«ÝWo J{UVg_ñ`m… Ho$Z ê$noU gpÝV ?
C. .............................................................
d
6) J{UVgmag§J«h B{V J«ÝW§ VobwJw^mfm`m§ H$… AZwdmX_² AH$amoV² ?
he
C. .............................................................
is
re S
5) J{UVgmag§J«h B{V J«ÝW§ Am§½b^mfm`m§ H$… AZwdmX_² AH$amoV²?
B
bl
C. .............................................................
be T
pu
K
II. gá_r{d^ŠË`ÝVnX§ [aº$ñWmZo nya`V&

©
1. JO… ............. dg{V & (dZ_²)

2. ee… ............. dg{V & ({~b_²)
3. N>mÌ… ............. nR>{V & (dJ©…)
to
4. _mVm ............. nM{V & (J¥h_²)

5. {nVm ............. H$m`ª H$amo{V & (H$m`m©b`…)
t
No
6. {ejH$… ............. nmR>`{V & ({dÚmb`…)

7. ~mb… ............. H«$sS>{V & (H«$sS>m§JU_²)
8. JrVm ............. ^mfU§ H$amo{V & (embm)
zzzzzz
113
qde: nmR>…
draJmonmb…
nwam ^maVo Am§½bgd©H$ma… AmgrV²
& Am§½bXmñ`Ëd§ {déÜ` ^maVr`m…
ñdmVÝÍ`ñ` AmÝXmobZ_²
d
AmaãYdÝV… & VXm Am§½bgoZm
he
^maVr`mZm_² Cn[a CJ«ê$noU
qhgm§ H$amo{V & gXm©a^JpËg¨hñ`
is
Zm_ Am§½bmZm§ H¥$Vo qghñdßZ_²
re S
AmgrV² & V§ J«hrVw§ goZm gd©Ì
B
bl
AQ>{V &
be T
pu
EH$Xm EH$pñ_Z² J«m_o ^JpËg¨h…
K
^mfU§ Jwáê$noU H$amo{V &

J«m_à_wI… ^JpËg¨h§ a{jVw_² Ed§
©
Kmof`{V - J«m_o nwamVZ…, OrU©…

~¥hV² {Zå~d¥j… ApñV & Vñ`
Cn[a H$mo@{n AmamohU§ H$amo{V &
VWm goZm Hw$V… AmJÀN>{V B{V
dX{V& VXm ^JpËg¨h… AÝòZ
to
_mJ}U nbm{`Vw§ eŠZmo{V

B{V & naÝVw d¥jñ` Cn[a
t
AmamohU§ ~hþ H$ï>H$a_² &

No
H$mo@{n Y¡`ª Z àXe©`{V &

VXm Jmonmb… Zm_
ÛmXedfu`… dra… ~mbH$…
AJ«o AmJÀN>{V, dX{V M -
Ah§ ^maV_mVw… nwÌ… Apñ_ &
114
Ah_² d¥jñ` Cn[a AmamohU§ H$amo{_, VWm gyM`m{_ B{V & g… ~mbH$…
à_wIñ` Amkm§ {dZm d¥jñ` Cn[a AmamohU§ H$amo{V & OZm…, _w»`ñW… gd}
_mñVw _mñVw B{V dXpÝV & VWm{n g… d¥j_² Amamoh{V & d¥jo _Yw_{jH$mUm§
ZrS>m{Z gpÝV& _Yw_{jH$m… V§ XepÝV & VWm{n g§… Cn[a Amamoh{V &
Am§½bgoZm EV§ ~mbH§$ XÿaV… ní`{V & EH$… g¡{ZH$… ^wfw{ÊS>§>. Mmb`{V&
EH$m Jmo{bH$m ~mbH§$ VmS>`{V M & OZm… AmJÀN>Vw B{V AmH«$moe§ Hw$d©pÝV&
d
BVmo@{n g… dra… Cn[a JÀN>{V & CÎmaV… EH$m goZm, npíM_V… EH$m
he
goZm AmJÀN>{V & X{jUV… H$m{n goZm ZmpñV B{V CŠËdm AY… nV{V &
dra_aU§ àmßZmo{V &
is
re S
Vñ` Ord… JÀ_{V & ^JpËg¨h… X{jUV… nbm`Z§ H$amo{V & Am§½bgoZmV…
ajU§ àmßZmo{V & Jmonmbñ` ~{bXmZ§ qghgÑeñ` ^JpËg¨hñ` ajUo lrajm
B
bl
^d{V&
be T
pu
K
Aä`mg…
©

1) Jmonmb§ H$m… XepÝV ?
C. .............................................................
to
2) J«m_ñWm… H§$ a{jVw_² AmbmoM`pÝV ?

t
C. .............................................................
No
3) {Zå~d¥j… H$W_² ApñV ?

C. .............................................................
4) H$… d¥jñ` Cn[a AmamohU§ H$amo{V ?
C. .............................................................
115
5) g¡{ZH$… qH$ Mmb`{V?
C. .............................................................
6) Hw$V… H$m{n goZm ZmpñV B{V Jmonmb…dX{V ?
C. .............................................................
7) Jmonmbñ` ~{bXmZ§ H$ñ` ajUo lrajm ^d{V?
d
he
C. .............................................................
8) H$ñ` Zm_ qghñdßZ_² AmgrV²?
is
re S
C.
B .............................................................
bl
be T
pu
II. [aº§$ ñWmZ§ nya`V &
K
©
EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²
Yram…
loð>…
to
OrUm©…
t
goZm
No
_Yw_{jHo$
116
III. {déÕmW©H§$ nX§ {bIV&
Aqhgm X
~¥hV² X
dra… X
d
nwamVZ… X
he
AmamohU_² X
is
re S
IV. BVadMZÛ`§
B
{bIV&
bl
JÀN>{V
be T

pu
K
AQ>W
©
{MÝV`m{_
dXmd…
XeV…
to
Mmb`{V
t
No
VmS>`pÝV
AmamohW…
gyM`m{_
117
V. AYmo{b{IVm{Z dmŠ`m{Z KQ>ZmH«$_oU nwZ… {bIV&
1) J«m_§ à{V AmH«$_U§§ H$amo{V &
2) Jmonmb… d¥jñ` AmamohU§ H$amo{V &
3) Vñ` Ord… JÀN>{V &
d
4) Am§½bXmñ`Ëd§ ^maVr`m… Z BÀN>pÝV&
he
5) EH$pñ_Z² J«m_o ^JpËg¨h… ^mfU§ Jwáê$noU H$amo{V&
is
6) nwam ^maVo Am§½bgd©H$ma… AmgrV² &
re S B
bl
7) ^JpËgh§ñ` ajU§ ^d{V&
be T
8) goZm Hw$V… AmJÀN>{V B{V dX{V&
pu
K
C. .............................................................
©
C. .............................................................
C. .............................................................
C. .............................................................
to
C. .............................................................
t
C. .............................................................
No
C. .............................................................
C. .............................................................
118
VI. bQ²> bH$maê$nm{U {bIV &
àW_…
_Ü`_…
CÎm_… VmS>`m{_
d
he
is
àW_…
re S
_Ü`_… gyM`W…
B
bl
CÎm_…
be T
pu
K
^mfmä`mg… -
©
* ^mJV²qgh… - MÝÐeoIa AmOmX² BË`m{X draZm`H$mZm§

H$Wm… OmZrV&
{deofm§em…
gw^m{fVJ«ÝWm…
to
* gw^m{fVaËZ^mÊS>mJma…
t
* gw^m{fV{ÌeVr
No
* gXþ{º$H$Um©_¥V_²
* gy{º$_wº$md{b…
119
EH$qde: nmR>…
am_^º$… _mé{V…
_méqV H$… Z OmZm{V ? Vñ`
H$Wm am_mÙo _hm^maVo M
d
ApñV & AmÄOZo`…, hZy_mZ²,
he
dm`wnwÌ…, Ho$garZÝXZ… B{V Vñ`
Zm_mÝVam{U gpÝV & AÄOZmXodr
is
Vñ` _mVm, {nVm M Ho$gar &
re S
AÄOZm{Jam¡ Vñ` OÝ_ A^dV²
B
bl
& ~më`mV² Ed _mé{V… EH$…
be T
Yra… ~mbH$… AmgrV² & EH$Xm
pu
K
g… gy`©Xod§ Am_«\$b_² B{V _Ëdm

V§ Im{XVw§ à`ËZ_² AH$amoV² &
©
g… {H$pîH$ÝYm`m… _hmamOñ`
gwJ«rdñ` A_mË`… AmgrV² & g…
H$éUmbw… _hmZ² ñdm{_^º$… M&
nwam A`moÜ`m`m§ XeaW… Zm_
to
amOm AmgrV²& Vñ` nwÌ…

lram_…& EH$Xm amKd… dZdmg§ H$Vwª grVmbú_Umä`m§ gh XÊS>>H$maÊ`§
à{V JÀN>{V & VÌ b‘>m{Yn{V… amdU… Zm_ amjg… Vñ` nËZt OmZH$s_²
t
No
Anha{V & Xþ…{IV… am_… gd©Ì d¡Xohr_² ApÝdf{V & AÝVo g… {H$pîH$ÝYm§
à{V AmJÀN>{V & dm`wnwÌ… lram_§ bú_U§ M gwJ«rdñ` g_rn_² AmZ`{V
& VÌ gwJ«rd… lram_ñ` gd©d¥ÎmmÝV§ lwUmo{V & gd} grVm`m… AÝdofU§ H$Vwª
JÀN>pÝV & gd©Ì grVm_² ApÝdfpÝV, VWm M gd} g_wÐVra§ àmßZwdpÝV &
120
gmJamo„”Z§ H¥$Ëdm grVmÝdofU§
H$Vwª dm`wnwÌ… Ed g_W©… ApñV
& AV… hZy_mZ² g_wÐ§ b”`{V &
amdUñ` b‘§m àmßZmo{V & b‘m`m…
ajUmWª b{‘Ur Zm_ EH$m amjgr
ApñV & gm AmÄOZo`§ ní`{V
d
VWm nrS>`{V, V§ Im{XVw_² A{n
he
AmJÀN>{V & VXm hZy_mZ² `wÕo Vm§
O`{V, b‘m§ à{de{V &
is
re S
AemoH$dZo
B
^`‘>aamjgr{^…
bl
n[ad¥Vm§ grVmXodt ní`{V & am_ñ`
be T
A“wbr`H§$ `ÀN>{V Ah§ am_XÿV…
pu
K
_mé{V… grVmÝdofUm` AmJV… Apñ_ B{V ñdn[aM`§ H$amo{V & erK«_od

lram_… amdU§ _ma`{V & Ëdm_² A`moÜ`m§ Z`{V B{V Vm§ gmÝËd`{V &
©
VXZÝVa§ XemZZñ` _Z{g ^rqV OZq`Vw b‘>mXhZ§ H$amo{V & VV…

{H$pîH$ÝYm§ à{V AmJÀN>{V grVm`m… gÝXoe§ H$W`{V M &
lram_… H${ngoZmg{hV…
b‘>m_² AmJË` XeH$ÊR>ñ`
to
hZZ§ H$amo{V & grVmg_oV… g…

A`moÜ`m§ à{V AmJÀN>{V & Ed§
H${nda… _mé{V… grVmam_`mo…
t
No
nwZ… _obZo gmhmæ`§ H$amo{V

ñdñdm{_^qº$ àH$Q>`{V M
& AV… g… am_^º$… _mé{V…
B{V à{gÕ… &
121
Aä`mg…
1) _mé{V… {H${_{V à{gÕ… ?
C. .............................................................
d
he
2) grVmÝdofU§ H$Vwª H$… g_W©… ?
C. .............................................................
is
re S
3) {H$pîH$ÝYm`m… _hmamO… H$… ?
B
bl
C. .............................................................
be T
pu
4) d¡Xoht H$… Anha{V ?
K
C. .............................................................
©
5) _mé{V… {H$_Wª gmJamo„”Z§ H$amo{V?

C. .............................................................
II. [aº§$ ñWmZ§ nya`V &

to
1) ~më`mV² Ed _mé{V… EH$… .................... AmgrV² &

2) AmÄOZo`ñ` {nVm .................... &
t
No
3) nwam A`moÜ`m`m§ .................... Zm_ amOm AmgrV² &

4) amdU… .................... Anha{V &
5) Xþ…{IV… lram_… gd©Ì d¡Xohr_² .................... &
122
III. g§`moÁ` {bIV&
A Am CÎmam{U
1) _méVo… _mVm bL²>{H$Ut O`{V &
2) amKd… AÄOZmXodr &
d
3) hZy_mZ² XeaW…
he
4) grVmXodr b‘>m{Yn{V…
5) amdU… AemoH$dZ_²
is
IV.
re S
n`m©`nX§ {bIV&
B
bl
AmÄOZo`… = AaÊ`_² =
be T
pu
g_rn_² = OmZH$s =
K
am_… = gmJa… =
©
V. {déÕmW©H§$ nX§ {bIV&

ApñV X Am{X: X
g_rn_² X Yra… X
to
gwI_² X
t
VI. AÝ`{b“nX§ {bIV &

No
~mbH$… - {nVm -
EH$… - Xod… -
gm - AJ«Om -
123
VII. BVadMZÛ`§ {bIV&
JÀN>{V
AmZ`W…
Anha{V
d
he
ní`m_…
Hw$d©pÝV
is
re S
B
bl
H$W`V…
be T
pu
^mfmä`mg… -
K
* am_mÙñ` H$Wm§ lwUwV &

©
* lram_ñ` AmXe©JwUmZ² AdJÀN>V &
AdJÀN>V &
EH$íbmoH$sam_mÙ_²
to
nydª am_ VnmodZm{^J_Z§ hËdm _¥J§ H$m#mZ_² &

t
d¡XohrhaU§ OQ>m`w_aU§ gwJ«rdgå^mfU_² &&

No
dmbr{ZJ«hU§ g_wÐVaU§ b‘mnwarXmhZ_² &

níMmÐmdUHw$å^H$U©hZZ§ EV{Õ am_mÙ_² &&
zzzzzz
124
Ûmqde: nmR>…
CÚmZ_²
d
is he
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
EVV² CÚmZ_² & BX§ gwÝXa§ {demb§ M ApñV & CÚmZo ZmZm{dYm…
d¥jm:, bVm…, gñ`m{Z M gpÝV & d¥jofw \$bm{Z, bVmgw gñòfw M
©
Hw$gw_m{Z {dbgpÝV & CÚmZo ewÕ… dm`w… dh{V &

A`_² CÚmZñ` nyd©^mJ… & AÌ {d{dYm{Z gñ`m{Z gpÝV &
gñòfw nmQ>b§, OnmHw$gw_§, MånH§$, godpÝVH$mXr{Z nwînm{U {dbgpÝV &
ídooVZrbaº$h[aVnrVdU£… Hw$gw_m{Z {MÎm_mH$f©pÝV & Hw$gw_ofw ^«_am… _
to
H$aÝX§ MyfpÝV &

Ef… CndZñ` X{jU^mJ… & AÌ {d{dYm… d¥jm… h[aVdU}Z
t
gwemo^ÝVo & Vofw Am_«Zm{aHo$bnyJnZgH$XbrdQ>mX`… nmXnm… OZoä`… N>m`m§

No
`ÀN>pÝV & OZm… nmXnmZm§ N>m`mgw {dlmpÝV_² AZw^dpÝV & d¥jofw H$mH$m…,
H$nmoVm…, ewH$m…, H$mo{H$bm…, MQ>H$m… M H$bad§ Hw$d©pÝV &
BXmZt dm{Q>H$m`m… npíM_^mJ§ ní`m_… & AÌ Obme`… ApñV&
ObMam: Obmeò dgpÝV & _ÊSy>H$m…, _rZm…, ~H$m…, h§gm…, Hy$_m©… M
125
g{bbo BVñVZ… g#mapÝV & H$mgmao H$_bm{Z {dH$gpÝV & Vofw ^«_am…
JwÄOpÝV &
A`§ dm{Q>H$m`m… CÎma^mJ… A`§ H«$sS>mdb`… AÌ {eed…, ~mbH$m…,
~m{bH$m… M AmZÝXoZ H«$sS>pÝV & d¥Õm…, VéUm… M AÌ ì`m`m_§ Hw$d©pÝV,
Xohmamo½`§ àmßZwdpÝV M &
d
Ho$fw{MV² CÚmZofw dÝ`mZ² _¥JmZ² nÄOaofw nmb`pÝV & _H©$Q>mZ², gnm©Z²,
he
^„zH$mZ², AídmZ², h[aUmZ² A{n àXe©`pÝV & CÚmZo AQ>ZoZ gd}fm§ Om{_
Vm Zí`{V, {MÎm§ M àgÞ§ ^d{V &
is
re S B
Aä`mg…
I.
bl
EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ {bIV&
be T
pu
K
1) CÚmZ§ H$W_² ApñV ?

©
C. ..............................................................
2) CÚmZñ` Ì`mUm§ nwînmUm§ Zm_m{Z {bIV ?
C. ..............................................................
3) ì`m`m_ñ` à`moOZ§ {H$_² ?
to
C. ..............................................................
t
4) CÚmZo AQ>ZoZ qH$ ^d{V ?

No
C. ..............................................................
5) d¥jofw Ho$ H$bad§ Hw$d©pÝV?
C. ..............................................................
126
1) H$_bofw..................JwÄO[ÝV&
2) d¥jm: .............. `ÀN>pÝV&
3) gñòfw ............ {dbgpÝV&
d
4) ^«_am… ................. MyfpÝV&
he
5) gamodao ............... {dH$gpÝV&
III. Am_² / Z {bIV &
is
re S
1) CÚmZo ewÕ: dm`w: dh{V&
B
bl
2) Zm{aHo$b: EH§$ nwîn_² &
be T
pu
3) OZm: bVmZm§ N>m`mgw {dlmpÝV¨ ñdrHw$d©pÝV&
K
4) CÚmZ§ gd}fm§ H¥$Vo gÝVmof§ XXm{V&

©
5) dÝ`mZ² _¥JmZ² nÄOaofw àXe©`pÝV&

IV. ObMa- d¥j-IJ-nwînê$noU {d^mJ§ Hw$éV&
H$mH$: , nmQ>b§, ~H$:, h§g:, H$mo{H$b:, dQ>:, Hy$_©:, ewH$:,

to
^«_a:, MånH§$, _{ëbH$m, Am_«:

ObMa: =
t
No
d¥j: =
IJ: =
nwîn_² =
127
V. n`m©nXm{Z {MËdm {bIV&
nwîn_², d¥j:, Obme`:, nÙ_², dm[Q>H$m, Hw$gw__²
CÚmZ_², Ob_², H$_b_² H$mgma:, CndZ_², g{bb_²
nmXn:
d
VI . dU©ñ` AZwgma§ {d^mJ§ Hw$éV&
he
AmH$me:, ewH$:, H$mo{H$b: _[ëbH$m, nU©_²,
is
re S
H$mH$:, jra_², g_wÐ:, MÝÐ:,
B
bl
ídoV: Zrb: h[aV: H¥$îU;
be T
pu
K
©
VII. CXmhaUmZwgma_² CÎma§ {bIV&

CXm  fð>r{d^[º$:, EH$dMZ_² = am_ñ` (am_)
1) V¥Vr`m{d^[º$:, EH$dMZ_² = .......... (dm{Q>H$m)
to
2) gá_r{d^{º$:, EH$dMZ_² = .......... (^«_a:)

t
3) {ÛVr`m{d^{º$:, ~hþdMZ_² = .............. (ewH$:)

No
4) MVwWu{d^[º$:, ~hþdMZ_² = .............. (CÚmZ_²)

5) nÄM_r{d^{º$:, EH$dMZ_² = .......... (d¥j:)
128
VIII. H$m`ª
Ho$ Hw$d©pÝV?
CXm - H$bad§ Hw$d©pÝV → n[jU:
N>m`m§ `ÀN>pÝV →
CÚmZo AQ>pÝV →
→
d
_H$aÝX§ MyfpÝV
he
Obo dgpÝV →
IX. dmŠ`§ aM`V&
is
re S B
bl
1) gwÝXa_² : ...........................................
be T

pu
2) ewÕ_² : ...........................................
K
3) Amamo½`_² : .........................................
©
4) H«$sS>m : .............................................
X. MVwW©nX§ {bIV&
1) CÚmZ_² - Znw§gH${b“: :: dm{Q>H$m - ............ &
to
2) {dbgpÝV - àW_nwéf: :: ní`m_: - ............ &

t
3) ^«_am: - JwÄOpÝV :: H$_bm{Z - ............ &

No
4) d¥jñ` - fð>r {d^{º$: :: N>m`m_² - ............ &

^mfmä`mg: - * {d{dYd¥jmUm§ - nwînmUm§ Zm_m{Z OmZrV&
*****
129
V«`moqde: nmR>
{dídm{_Ì:
d
is he
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
©
Hw${eH$d§eo Jm{YamO: B{V gwà{gÕ: _hmamO: AmgrV²& Vñ` nwÌ:

H$m¡{eH$: & g: EH$Xm g¡ÝòZ gh ^yàX[jU§ H$amo{V& `mÌmg_ò g: ~«÷fo©:
d{gð>>ñ` Aml_§ JÀN>{V& H$m¡{eH$: d{gð>§ àU_{V& d{gð>: H$m¡{eH$ñ`
g_J«n[admañ` Am{VÏ`§ H$amo{V& VXWª e~bm Zm_ YoZw: ñdmXþ ^moOZ§ {gÕ§
H$amo{V& gd} ^moOZ§ ImXpÝV, gÝVwï>m: ^dpÝV M&
to
H$m¡{eH$: Aml_ñ` YoZw§ XXmVw B{V d{gð>§ àmW©`{V& d{gð>: {Zam-

t
H$amo{V& H$m¡{eH$: ~bmV² YoZw§ ñdrH$Vªw ~hþ à`ËZ§ H$amo{V& naÝVw Vñ` à`ËZ:
No
ì`W©: ^d{V& g: amÁ`§ ËÒ{V& {h_mb`§ JÀN>{V& Vngm {d{dYm{Z

Aóm{U àmßZmo{V&
g: Xn}U nwZ: d{gð>ñ` Aml__² AmJÀN>{V& Aml_ñ` Cn[a AmH«$_U§
130
d
is he
re S B
bl
H$amo{V& Aml_dm{gZ: ^rVm: ^dpÝV& naÝVw d{gð>: àemÝV: ^d{V& g:
be T
pu
~«÷XÊS>§ J¥hrËdm Aml_ñ` _Ü`^mJoo {Vð>{V& H$m¡{eH$ñ` à`ËZ: {d\$b:
K
^d{V&
©
AÝVo g: ~«÷móñ` à`moJ_² A{n H$amo{V& naÝVw ~«÷XÊS>ñ` AJ«o

VV² Aó_² A{n emÝV§ ^d{V&
tto
No
131
VXm H$m¡{eH$ñ` {ddoH$: OmJ¥V: ^d{V& Vñ` AhL>²H$ma: Zï>:
^d{V& VXm g: {MÝV`{V - ""d{gð>>ñ` g_rno ~«÷~b_² ApñV& Vñ`
AJ«o eó~b§ ì`W©_²'' B{V&
AV: g: nwZ: CJ«§ Vn: AmMa{V ~«÷{f©: ^d{V M& VXmaä`
H$m¡{eH$: {dídm{_Ì: B{V à{gÕ: &
d
he
Aä`mg…
is
re S B
1) Jm{YamO: H$pñ_Z² d§eo AmgrV² ?
bl
be T
C.................................................................
pu
K
2) Jm{YamOñ` nwÌ: H$: ?

©
C.................................................................
3) H$m¡{eH$: H$ñ` Aml__² JÀN>{V?
C.................................................................
4) Aml_ñ` YoZmo: Zm_ {H$_² ?
to
C.................................................................
t
5) H$m¡{eH$: Hw$Ì Vn: H$amo{V?

No
C.................................................................
6) d{gð>>ñ` g_rno {H$_² AmgrV²?
C.................................................................
132
1) H$m¡{eH$: g¡ÝòZ gh ............... H$amo{V&

2) d{gð>>:...................... J¥hrËdm {Vð>>{V&
d
3) H$m¡{eH$ñ` .........................Zï>:&
he
4) H$m¡{eH$:..........................B{V à{gÕ: &
is

re S
5) ~«÷~bñ` AJ«o........................ì`W©_²&
B
bl
III. Am_² / Z B{V {bIV&
be T
pu
K
1) H$m¡{eH$: ^yàX[jU§ H$amo{V&

©
C. ...............................................................
2) d{gð>>: H$m¡{eH$ñ` Am{VÏ`§ Z H$amo{V&
C. ...............................................................
to
3) H$m¡{eH$ñ` à`ËZ: ì`W©: Z ^d{V$&

t
C. ...............................................................
No
4) g: {dZòZ nwZ: d{gð>>ñ` Aml_§ JÀN>{V&

C. .........................................................
133
IV. n`m©`nX§ {bH$V&
nwÌ: = Ah‘ma: =
YoZw: = g_rn_² =
d
V. {déÕmW©H$nX§ {bIV&
he
à{gÕ: X
is
re S B
bl
Cn[a X
be T
pu
{ddoH$: X
K
©
ApñV X
AdJÀN>V &
EH$íbmoH$s^mJdV_²
to
AmXm¡ Xod{H$Xo{dJ^©OZZ§ JmonrJ¥ho dY©Z_²

_m`mnyV{ZOr{dVmnhaU§ JmodY©ZmoÕmaU_²
t
No
H§$gÀN>oXZH$m¡adm{XhZZ§ Hw$ÝVrgwVm: nmbZ_²

EVX²^mJdV§ nwamUnwÊ`H$WZ§ lrH¥$îUbrbm_¥V_² &&
134
MVwa{dªe: nmR>:
{H$_² gáH$H$mam:
?
Hw$V:
H${V {H$_W©_²
Hw$Ì H$W_²
d
he
H$Xm
* Vd Zm_ {H$_²?
is
re S
__ Zm_ ............... &
B
bl
* Xodmbò H${V AM©H$m: gpÝV ?
be T
pu
K
Xodmbò nÄM AM©H$m: gpÝV&

* MÝÐ: Hw$Ì amOVo?
©
MÝÐ‹: AmH$meo amOVo&

* N>mÌ: H$Xm embm§ JÀN>{V?
N>mÌ: gmY©ZddmXZo embm§ JÀN>{V&
to
* ~m{bH$m H$W_² Jm`{V?

~m{bH$m _Ywa§ Jm`{V&
t
No
* N>mÌm {H$_Wª embm§ JN>m{V?

N>mÌm nR>ZmWª embm§ JN>m{V&
* nUª Hw$V: nV{V?
nUª d¥jmV² nV{V&
135
Aä`mg:
àíZdmŠ`m{Z {bIV&
CXm - ~mbH$: jra§ {n~{V& C. ~mbH$: qH$ {n~{V?
1) g: nwñVH§$ nR>{V& C. ....................?
d
2) ñ`yVo fQ²> nwînm{U gpÝV& C. ....................?
he
3) N>mÌm: H«$sS>m“Uo H$sS>pÝV& C. ....................?
is
re S
4) H¥$fH$: J«m_o dg{V& C. ....................?
B
bl
5) ~m{bH$m fS²>dmXZo C{Îmð>{V& C. ....................?
be T
pu
6) {eemoo: Zm_ H$mo_bm& C. ....................?
K
7) \$b§ d¥jo ApñV& C. ....................?

©
8) ZjÌm{U AmH$meo gpÝV& C. ....................?

9) g: J«ÝWmb`mV² nwñVH§$ Z`{V& C. ....................?
10) _rZ: Obo dg{V& C. ....................?
to
11) ^moOZ§ é{MH$a§ ApñV& C. ....................?

12) N>mÌ: nR>ZmWª embm§ JÀN>{V& C. ....................?
t
No
13) J¥ho gá OZm: gpÝV& C. ....................?

14) {nVm Aï>dmXZo H$m`m©b`§ JÀN>{V& C. ....................?
15) am_: {MÌHy$Q>o dg{V& C. ....................?
136
n#mqde: nmR>:
Xoe^{º$JrV_²
d
is he
re S B
bl
be T
pu
K
©
A“d“{gÝYwamï´>Hy$Q>H$mo{Q>g§`wVm§
Xod{gÝYwZ_©Xm{X{gÝYwg”emo{^Vm_²&
e¡bamO{dÝÜ`gøe¡bnL>²{º$a{jVm§
to
nwÊ`^y{__mXamÞ_m{_ ^maVmpå~H$m_² &&1&&

t
No
am_Xmgam_H¥$îU~wÕXod_mVa§
{dH«$_mH©$^moOamOamOamOnm{bVm_²&
^mgH$m{bXmg^[Å>~mU^ma{dàgy§
137
`mo{Jd`©e‘am`©Y_©_mJ©X{e©Zt
nyOZr`_mbdr`JmpÝYZohégo{dVm_²&&
lradrÝÐ{Xì`H$mì`bãYH$s{V©gÝVqV
d
he
gË`gÎdem{bZt gwY_©_mJ©X{e©Zt
is
^w{º$_w{º$Xm{`Zt {da{º$~w{Õd{Y©Zt&
re S B
bl
nmng”Zm{eZt namËnam§ nwamVZt
be T
pu
K
©
- S>m. Ho$. `g². ZmJamOZ² ({X)
AdJÀN>V &
A{n ñdU©_`r bL>²H$m Z _o bú_U amoMVo&
to
OZZr OÝ_^y{_íM ñdJm©X{n Jar`gr&&

t
No
138
eãXH$mof:
AO: - DqÀÄ - Goat D$U©_² - GuÚÉ - Lenin / Wool
A{d: - ªÉÄÃPÉ - Sheep D$fa: - ªÀÄgÀÄ¨sÆÀ «Ä - Desert
AH©$: - ¸ÀÆAiÀÄð- Sun F$j: - PÀgrÀ - Bear
d
A^©H$: - ²±ÀÄ - Child EU: - PÀÈµÀªÚ ÄÀ ÈUÀ- Black antelope
he
A“xbr - ¨Ég¼À ÄÀ - Finger ES>H$: - PÀÄj - Sheep
- Fingerring - Cardamom
is
A“xbr`H$_² - GAUÀÄgÀ
re S Ebm - K®QÌ
- Search Thief
B
AÝdofU_² - ºÀÄqÀÄPÀÄ EoJm[aH$: - PÀ¼îÀ
bl
be T
Aä`“ñZmZ_² - JuÉ¸Ú Áß£À - Oilbath AmoH$: - ªÀÄ£É - House
pu
K
AmIw: - E° - Rat AmoV:w - ¨ ¨ÉPÄÀ Ì - Cat

©
Amn: - ¤ÃgÀÄ - Water Am¡Xm[aH$:- ºÉÆmÉ¨

Ö ÁPÀ - Glutter
AmnU:- CAUÀr - Shop A§g:- ¨sÄÀ d, ºÉU®

À Ä - Shoulder
Bfw: - ¨Át - Arrow Hw$pÄMH$m- QÃ° - Key
BZ:- ¸ÀÆAiÀÄð - Sun Hy$_©: - DªÉÄ - Tortoise

to
B^:- D£É - Elephant H$nmob: - PÉ£ßÉ - Cheek

t
Bjw: - PÀ§Äâ - Sugarcane Hy$n©a:- ªÉÆtPÉÊ - Elbow

No
B©hm_¥J:- vÉÆÃ¼À - Wolf JwS>:- ¨É®è - Jaggery
CaJ: - ºÁªÀÅ - Snake Jmo{bH$m- UÀÄAqÀÄ - Bullet

CnX§e: -G¦à£PÀ Á¬Ä - Pickle Kmg:- ºÀÄ®Äè - Grass
CËIZZ_² - CUÉvÀ - Digging KyH$:- UÀÆ¨É - Owl
139
CÈ>`Z_² - ºÁgÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ - MoV: - ªÀÄ£À¸ÄÀ ì - Intelect
Take off (fly) MQ>H$:- UÀÄ§âaÑ - Sparrow
Cnm`Z_²- GqÀÄUÉÆgÉ - Gift N>mJ: - DqÀÄ - Goat
D$é: - vÉÆqÉ - Thai OmZw- ªÀÄAr - Knee
d
D${_©: - C¯É - Wave Obme`: - PÉÆ¼À - Pond
he
OnmHw$gw__²- zÁ¸ÀªÁ¼À - Hibiscus _¥{ÎmH$m - ªÀÄtÄÚ - Clay
is
PånmH$: - ªÁ£ÀgÀ -
re S Ape _mO©Z_² - ¸ÀZé ÒÀ UÉÆ½¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ -
B
Storm Cleaning
bl
P§PmdmV: - ©gÀÄUÁ½-
be T
Q>[L>H² $H$m - ¨Ég¼À ZÀ ÄÀ AÑ iÀÄAvÀæ - _Yw_[jH$m - eÉÃ£ÀÄ£ÉÆt -
pu
K
Typewriter Honeybee
©
æ À - Idol
R>¸$w a: - «UÀº _ÊSy>H$: - PÀ¥-ÀàÉ Frog
{S>å^: - ¨sÆÀ t
æ - Embryo _{U~ÝY: - ªÀÄtÂPlÀ ÄÖ - Wrist
Sw>{b: - DªÉÄ - Tortoise agZm - £Á®UÉ - Tongue
VÝÐm- vÀÆPÀrPÉ - Drowsiness bewZ_² - ¨É¼ÄÀ ½î î Garlic

to
{ZP©a: - d®¥ÁvÀ - Waterfall bmo{hV: - PÉA¥ÀÄ - Red

t
{Zå~d¥j - ¨ÉÃ«£ÀªÄÀ gÀ - Neemtree bbmQ>_² - ¨ ºÀuÉ - Forehead

No
ZrS>_-² UÀÆqÀÄ - Nest dëb^: - ¥Àw - Husband
nrbwH$: - EgÀÄªÉ - Ant dj:ñWb_²- JzÉ - chest
àjmbZ_²- vÉÆ¼ÉAiÀÄÄªÀÅzÀÄ e\$a: - «ÄÃ£ÀÄ - Fish
140
(±ÀÄ¢ÞÃPÀj¸ÀÄ) - Washing ewZH$: - £Á¬Ä - Dog
nmfmUIÊS>:- PÀ°£è À ZÀÆgÀÄ - gÙ- ªÀÄ£É - Home
Stonepiece ñH$ÝY:- ºÉU®À Ä - Shoulder
nmQ>b_² - UÀÄ¯Á© - Rose hm{bH$:-gÉÊvÀ - Agriculturist
d
{nH$: - PÉÆÃV¯É - Cuckoo d«r{h: -¨svÀ ÛÀ - Paddy
he
\o$é: - £Àj - Fox _mf: -G¢Ý£PÀ Á¼ÀÄ - Black gram
is
~{Ya: -QªÀÅqÀ
re S - Deaf Jm¡Y_y : -UÉÆÃ¢ü - Wheet
B
bl
{~S>mb: - ¨ÉPÄÀ Ì - Cat {Vb_² -J¼ÀÄî - Sesame
be T
^wfpw ÊS>: - §AzÀÆPÀÄ - Gun MUH$_² -PÀq¯À -É Chickpea
pu
K
^ëbyH$: - PÀgrÀ - Bear _wÒ: -ºÉ¸gÀ ÄÀ PÁ¼ÀÄ- Green gram

AmT>H$_² -£Àªu À É - Navane
©
{Zînmd: - ¸ÀeÓÉ - Bajra

Hw${iËW:-ºÀÄgÀ½PÁ¼ÀÄ- Horse gram
AmT>H$… vÉÆUÀj - Toordall
to
{Zînmd… CªÀgÉ - Belardall

t
No
141
fmÊ_m{gH$snmR>`moOZm
_mgm: nmR>m:
àW_fmÊ_m{gH$_²
OyZ² gå^mfU{e{~a_² (nÄMXe{XZm{Z) àmW©Zm, dU©_mbm,
Jw{UVmja_² g§`wŠVmja_²
d
he
Owb¡ MVwW©:, nmR>:, nÄM_: nmR>:, fð>>: nmR>: , gá_: nmR>:,
Aï>_: nmR>:, {H«$`mnX_²
is
re S
AJñQ²>
B
Zd_: nmR>:, Xe_:nmR>:, EH$mXe: nmR>:,ÛmXe: nmR>:,
bl
gßQ>å~a² {eewJrV_², Ì`moXe: nmR>: narjm
be T
pu {ÛVr`fmÊ_m{gH$_²
K
AŠQ>mo~a² M¡ÌmoËgd:, ÛmXe_mgm:, fS²>F Vd:, Ahmo H$mH$ñ` _yI©Vm

©
Zdå~a² Ë`mJ_y{V©: apÝVXod:, gw^m{fVm{Z, gL²»`m:, g_`:

{S>g§~a² _hmdramMm`©:, draJmonmb:
OZd[a am_^ŠV: _mé{V:, CÚmZ_²,
\o$~«d[a [dídm{_Ì:, gáH$H$mam:,
to
_mM²© Xoe^{º$JrV_², nwZamdV©Z_², narjm

t
No
142

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H$Zm©Q>H$àemgZ_²

KARNATAKA TEXTBOOK SOCIETY (R)

The Textbook Society, Karnataka has been engaged in

 learning to shift from rote methods

 learning experiences for the construction of knowledge

 Making examinations flexible and intergrating them

 caring concerns within the democratic policy of the

 making education relevant to the present and future

 softening the subject boundaries - integrated

 Making the child is the constructor of knowledge

would help learner master communicative skills. Ultimately, it

make use of these competencies in real life.

The Textbook Society expresses grateful thanks to the

A few works of some writers and poets have been included in

Prof G S Mudambadithaya Nagendra Kumar

àmo.{O.Eg² _wS>å~{S>Îmm`:, nmR²>`dñVwn[aîH$aU§ VWm nmR²>`nwñVH$aMZm{d^mJ:, H$Um©Q>H$

lr ZmJ|Ð Hw$_ma, ì`dñWmnH${ZX}eH$:, H$.n.nw.gL>²K:([a), ~|“byé.

gd©H$maoU fð>H$ú`mV: V¥Vr`^mfm A{n Aä`{gVw§ N>mÌoä`: gXdH$me:

àXÎm: & n#mmoÎma {d§e{VV_o {H«$ñVmãXo Ho$ÝÐgd©H$maoU (N.C.F.) `: {ejUH«$_:

gd}ä`: H¥$VkVm g_ß`©Vo&

revise if necessary. Eventually, a new order was passed on 19-9-2015 which

Questionnaires were administered among teachers to pool up opinions.

to the associations who gave valuable suggestions.

Narasimhaiah Prof. Baraguru Ramachandrappa

13 H«$mg², _„oœa§ , ~|Jiÿé> .

H$mboO² ~gdZJw{S> ~|Jiÿ>é.

lr Zaqghæ`…, ì`dñWmnH${ZX}eH$:, H$.n.nw.gL>²K:([a), ~|“byé.

7. gá_: nmR>: VX²-EVX² (Zn§wgH${b“:) 45

Zm_nX_² - {H«$`mnX_² 48-50

12. ÛmXe: nmR>: earañ` A“m{Z 72

13. Ì`moXe: nmR>: n[adma: 75

H«$.g§. {df`gyMr n¥ï>g§»`m

19. EH$moZqde: nmR>: _hmdramMm`©: 111

24. MVwa{dªe: nmR>: gáH$H$mam: 135

Z_mo Ah©ÝVmZm_² & Z_: {gÕmZm_²&

gË`§ dX & Y_ª Ma&

AmMm`©Xodmo ^d& A{V{WXodmo ^d&

AH©$: A{d: A_a:

Amn: AmH$me: AmnU:

CaJ: CnX§e: CXa_²

D${_©: D$fa: D$U©_²

EH$mXe: ES>H$: Ebm

EoVao`: EoJm[aH$: Eoœ`©_²

H$be: H$ÝXþH$: H$Ý`m

Ib: IS²>J; I{Z:

MÝÐ: MånH$: Mmn:

N>J: N>m`m Nw>[aH$m

Oå~wH$: OZZr Ob_²

\$Ur \$mëJwU: \o$é:

`{V: `mJ: `wdH$:

aOH$: amOm aW:

ee: e\$a: ea:

f{ï>: fmÊ_mVwa: fQ²>H$moU_²

g_a: g_raU: g_wÐ:

h[aU: h§g: hm{bH$:

Q²> S²> R²> T²> U²

ì`ÄOZ_² + ñda: = Jw{UVm- {M•_²

H²$ + Amo = H$mo mo

H²$ + Am¡ = H$m¡ m¡

R - R>> - R>ç - nR>ç_² W - Ï - Ï` - nÏ`_²

S> - S> - È >- CÈ`Vo

~ - ã - ã~ - ãO - AãO_² a - © - H©$ - VH©$…(a²+H$)

Z ^doV² VWm Aä`mg… H$aUr`…& {ejH$m… H$ú`m`m_² CƒmaUH«$_§