8th Language Sanskrit 1

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SAMSKRITHA NANDINI- 1
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EIGHTH STANDARD
FIRST LANGUAGE - SANSKRIT

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No
KARNATAKA TEXTBOOK SOCIETY (R)

100 Feet Ring Road, Banashankari 3rd stage,
Bengaluru- 560 085.
i
PREFACE
The Textbook Society, Karnataka has been engaged in
producing new textbooks according to the new syllabi prepared
which in turn are designed based on NCF – 2005 since June 2010.
Textbooks are prepared in 11 languages; seven of them serve as
the media of instruction. From standard 1 to 4 there is the EVS
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and 5th to 10th there are three core subjects namely mathematics,
science and social science.
NCF – 2005 has a number of special features and they are:
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• Connecting knowledge to life activities
• Learning to shift from rote methods
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• Enriching the curriculum beyond textbooks
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• Learning experiences for the construction of knowledge
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• Making examinations flexible and integrating them with

classroom experiences
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• Caring concerns within the democratic policy of the country

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• Make education relevant to the present and future needs.

• Softening the subject boundaries integrated knowledge and
the joy of learning.
• The child is the constructor of knowledge
The new books are produced based on three fundamental
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approaches namely, Constructive approach, Spiral Approach and

Integrated approach.
The learner is encouraged to think, engage in activities, masters
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skills and competencies. The materials presented in these books

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are integrated with values. The new books are not examination
oriented in their nature. On the other hand they help the learner
in the total development of his/her personality, thus help him/her
become a healthy member of a healthy society and a productive
citizen of this great country India.
ii
Language textbooks are designed to help learners master
communicative competencies, excellent comprehension, meaningful
expression and efficient reference skills.
Schools in Karnataka offer seven languages as media of
instruction and eight as first languages and ten languages are
offered as third language. The objective is to help the learners to use
these languages efficiently at the communicative level. It is hoped
that at least a cross section of learners achieve competencies to use
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these languages at the creative level.
Teachers are expected to adapt their teaching methods not to
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make these textbooks just feed materials for examinations, but help
learners master language competencies such as communication,
comprehension, expression in writing and necessary reference skills.
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The Textbook Society expresses grateful thanks to the
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chairpersons, writers, scrutinisers, artists, staff of DIETs and CTEs
and the members of the Editorial Board and printers in helping the
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Text Book Society in producing these textbooks.
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Prof. G. S. Mudambadithaya Nagendra Kumar

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Co-ordinator Managing Director

Curriculum Revision Karnataka Textbook Society
and Textbook Preparation Bengaluru.
Karnataka Textbook Society
Bengaluru.
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No
iii
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^{dVw_h©{VŸ&
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8. boIZH$bm§ nR>ZH$bm§ M dY©{`Vw_²> CŠVboIZ - nmR>dmMZmXr{Z N>mÌÛmam H$ma{`Vw§
eŠ`m{ZŸ&
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S>mŸ&& ZmJaËZm hoJS>o, g§ñH¥$VmonÝ`m{gH$m, gwamZm _hm{dÚmb`…, ~gdZJw{S>, ~o“byé.

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à_wI_mJ©Xe©H$m¡ -
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lr ZmJ|Ð Hw$_ma, ì`dñWmnH$ {ZX©oeH$…, H$.n.nw.g”…[a, ~o“byé.

lr_Vr {g. ZmJ_{U, Cn[ZXoeH$… (à^m[a), H$.n.nw.g”…[a, ~o“byé.
g§`mo{OH$m -
lr_Vr Eg². EZ². brbmdVr, Áòðghm`H${ZX}{eH$m, H$.n.nw.g”…, ~o“byé.
v
About the Review of Textbooks
Honourable Chief Minister Sri Siddaramaiah who is also the
Finance Minister of Karnataka, in his response to the public opinion
about the New Textbooks from standard one to ten, announced, in
his 2014-15 budget speech of constituting an expert-committee, to
look into the matter. He also spoke of the basic expectations there
in, which the Textbook experts should follow: “ The Textbooks should
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aim at inculcating social equality, moral values, development of
personality, scientific temper, critical acumen, secularism and the
sense of national commitment”, he said.
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Later, for the production of the Textbooks from class one to
tenth, the Department of Education constituted twenty seven
committees and passed an order on 24-11-2014. The committees so
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constituted were subject and class-wise and were in accordance with
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the standards prescribed. Teachers who are experts in matters of
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subjects and syllabi were in the committees.
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There were already many complaints, and analyses about the
Textbooks. So, a freehand was given in the order dated 24-11-2014
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to the responsible committees to examine and review text and even

to prepare new text and review if necessary. Afterwards, a new order
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was passed on 19-9-2015 which also give freedom even to re-write

the Textbooks if necessary. In the same order, it was said that the
completely reviewed Textbooks could be put to force from 2017-18
instead of 2016-17.
Many self inspired individuals and institutions, listing out the
wrong information and mistakes there in the text, had send them
to the Education Minister and to the ‘ Textbook Society’. They were
to
rectified. Before rectification we had exchanged ideas by arranging

debates. Discussions had taken place with Primary and Secondary
Education ‘ Teacher Associations’. Questionnaires were administered
among teachers to pool up opinions. Separate meeting were held
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with teachers, subject inspectors and DIET Principals. Analytical

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opinions had been collected. To the subject experts of science, social

science, mathematics and languages, textbooks were sent in advance
and later meeting were held for discussions. Women associations and
science related organistation were also invited for discussions. Thus,
on the basis of all inputs received from various sources, the textbooks
have been reviewed where ever necessary.
vi
Another very important thing has to be shared here. We constituted
three expert committees. They were constituted to make suggestions
after making a critical study of the text of science, mathematics and
social science subjects of central schools (N.C.E.R.T), along with
state textbooks. Thus, the state text books have been enriched basing
on the critical analysis and suggestions made by the experts. The
state textbooks have been guarded not to go lower in standards than
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the textbooks of central school. Besides, these textbooks have been
examined along side with the textbooks of Andhra, Kerala, Tamil
Nadu and Maharashtra states.
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Another clarification has to be given here. Whatever we have
done in the committees is only review, it is not the total preparation
of the textbooks. Therefore, the structure of already prepared
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textbooks have in no way been affected or distorted. They have
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only been reviewed in the background of gender equality, regional
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representation, national integrity, equality and social harmony. While
doing so, the curriculum frames of both central and state have not
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been transgressed. Besides, the aspirations of the constitution are
incorporated carefully. Further, the reviews of the committees were
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once given to higher expert committees for examination and their

opinions have been effected into the textbooks.
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Finally, we express our grateful thanks to those who strived in

all those 27 committees with complete dedication and also to those
who served in higher committees. At the same time, we thank all the
supervising officers of the ‘Textbook Society’ who sincerely worked
hard in forming the committees and managed to see the task reach
it’s logical completion. We thank all the members of the staff who
co-operated in this venture. Our thanks are also due to the subject
to
experts and to the associations who gave valuable suggestions.

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H.N. Gopalakrishna Prof. Baraguru Ramachandrappa

No
Managing Director Chairman-in-Chief

Karnataka Textbook Society Textbook Review Committee
Bengaluru. Bengaluru.
vii
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viii
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16. fmoS> e… nmR>… gw~ÝVm… 109
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17. gáXe… nmR>… {VL>ÝVm… 121

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18. Aï>mXe… nmR>… nÌboIZ_² 131

19. ZdXe… nmR>… à~ÝY… 136
20. qde… nmR>… AZwdmX… 138
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3. E, Amo, L²> 4. Eo, Am¡, M²>

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5. h, `, d, a, Q²> 6. bU²>
7. Äm, _, L>, U, Z, _²> 8. P, ^, Äm²
9. K, T>, Y, f²> 10. O, ~, J, S>, X, e²>
11. I, \$, N>, R>, W, M, Q>, V, d²> 12. H$, n, `²>
13. e, f, g, a²> 14. h, b²
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©
AZoH$ì`ÄOZg§`moJmV²> g§`wŠVmja§ ^d{VŸ&

ì`ÄOZ_²> + ì`ÄOZ_²> = g§`wŠVdU©…
`Wm H$²> + H$²> = ŠH²> - Hw$ŠHw$Q>…
Am`©… = a²> + `² + A… = `© Ý`m`… =Z²> + ` + Am = Ý`m
{d¿Z… = K²> + Z² + A = ¿Z… Aï> =f²> + Q>² + A = ï>
to
ûcmoH$…= e²> + b² + Amo = ûcmo kmZ_²>- O²> + Äm² + Am = km

t
Ðm¡nXr = X²> + a² + Am¡ = Ðm¡ Jm`Ìr = V²> + a² + B© = Ìr

No
BÝÐ… = Z²> + X²> + a² + A… = ÝÐ…

Cï´>…= f²> + Q²> + a² + A… = ï´>…
5
Aä`mg…
1. EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ {bIVŸ&
1. g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m§ H${V dUm©… gpÝV ?
ed
2. ñdam… Ho$ ?
3. AZwZm{gH$m{Z H$m{Z ?
ish
4. dJu`ì`ÄOZm{Z H${V gpÝV ?
5. õñdñdam… XrK©ñdam… M Ho$ ?
re S
bl
B
6.
pu Jw{UVmja§ Zm_ {H$_²> ?
be T
2. dUm©Zm§ g§`moOZ§ Hw$éVŸ&
K
1. a²> + Am + _²> + Am + `² + A + U² + A + _² = ............

©
2. d² + `² + A + Äm² + O² + A + Z² + Am + Z² + B = ............
3. A + `²> + Amo + J²> + A + d² + Am + h² + Am¡ = ............
4. A + d² + A + a² + J² + B© + `²> + A… = ............
5. A + H$² + f² + A + a² + A + _² = ............
to
3. AënàmU-_hmàmUmjam{U n¥WH$²> Hw$éVŸ&

Y - J - O - I - Q> - W
t
No
H$ - \$ - P - M - ` - g>
AënàmUm…
_hmàmUm…
6
4. dUm©Z²> n¥WH$²> H¥$Ëdm {bIVŸ&
1. ~mbH$… = ...................................................
2. ^dZ_²> = ...................................................
3. Am¡fY_²> = ..................................................
ed
4. eHw$ÝVbm = .................................................
5. _hm^maV_²> = ...............................................
ish
6. dmgdXÎmm = ................................................
re S
bl
AdYo`m§e…
B
pu
be T
dUm©Zm_²> CËn{ÎmñWmZ_²
K
dU©ñ`
©
CÀMm[aVm… dUm©…
CËn{ÎmñWmZ_²>
H$ÊR>… A-Am H$²>-I²-J²-K²-L>² h² …
Vmbw B-B© M²-N>²-O²-P²-Äm² `² e²
_yYm© F$-G$ Q>²-R>²-S>²-T>²-U² a² f²
to
XÝVm… b¥ V²-W²-X²-Y²-Z² b² g²
Amoð>m¡ C-D$ n²-\$²-~²-^²-_²> - -
t
H$ÊR>-Amoð>m¡ Amo-Am¡ - - -
No
H$ÊR>-Vmbw E-Eo - - -
XÝV-Amoð>_²> - - d² -
7
{H«$`mH$bmn…
I. CÀM¡… nR>V
H$Q>… Ia… JO… KQ>…
Ma… N>X… OS>… Pf…
VQ>… Za… nQ>… ~H$…
ed
_R>… `_… aW… bd…
ee… ga… h`… OZ…
ish
AmVn… AMb… B©e… D$fa…
F$f^… AmoXZ… ES>H$… Am¡fY_²>
re S ObO_²> JJZ_²> ^wdZ_²> \$b_²>
bl
B
pu Z`Z_²> ^dZ_²> dXZ_²> bdU_²>
be T
H$_b_²> bmoMZ_²> ZJa_²> gXZ_²>

K
©
II. H$ - M - Q> - V - n dJu`dUm©Z²> {bIVŸ&

H$
M
to
Q>
t
V
No
n
ì`ÄOZ_²> + ì`ÄOZ_²> = g§`wŠVdU©…
`Wm-H$²> + H$² + A = ŠH$ = Hw$ŠHw$a…
8
III. CXmhaUmZwgma§ {Ìdma§ {bIV
H$²> + H$ = ŠH$ - Hw$ŠHw$a… Hw$ŠHw$a… Hw$ŠHw$a… Hw$ŠHw$a…
a²> + H$ = H©$ - AH©$… ......... ......... .........
V²> + I = ËI - CËIZZ_²> ......... ......... .........
‹S>² + J = S²>J> - IS²>J… ......... ......... .........
ed
L>>² + K = ” - g”… ......... ......... .........
L>²> + H$ = ‘> - A‘>… ......... ......... .........
ish
M²> + M = ÀM - CÀM¡…
re S ......... ......... .........
M²> + N>> = ÀN> - JwÀN>… ......... ......... .........
bl
B
O²> + O = ÁO - gÁOZ…
pu ......... ......... .........
be T
a²> + P = P© - {ZP©a… ......... ......... .........
K
O²> + Äm> = k - kmZ_²> ......... ......... .........

U²> + Q> = ÊQ>> - KÊQ>m ......... ......... .........
©
f²> + R>> = ð> - fð>… ......... ......... .........

S>²> + S> = È> - CÈ>`Z_²> ......... ......... .........
f²> + U = îU - CîU_²> ......... ......... .........
V²> + V = Îm$ - CÎm_… ......... ......... .........
to
V²> + W = ËW$ - CËWmZ_²> ......... ......... .........

t
Z²> + X = ÝX$ - MÝXZ_²> ......... ......... .........

No
X²> + Y = Õ - `moÕm ......... ......... .........

V²> + Z = ËZ$ - aËZ_²> ......... ......... .........
V²> + n = Ën$ - CËnb_²> ......... ......... .........
9
a²> + n = n©$ - gn©… ......... ......... .........
_²> + \$ = å\$$ - Jwå\$… ......... ......... .........
a²> + ~ = ~©$ - Xw~©b… ......... ......... .........
a²> + ^ = ^©$ - A^©H$… ......... ......... .........
X²> + _ = Ù$ - nÙ_²> ......... ......... .........
ed
J²> + ` = ½`$ - ^m½`_²> ......... ......... .........
O²> + a = O« - dO«_²> ......... ......... .........
ish
_²> + a = _«$ - Am_«_²> ......... ......... .........
H$²> + b = Šb$ - ewŠb… ......... ......... .........
re S
bl
B
h²> + b = ‡$ -
pu Am‡mX… ......... ......... .........
V²> + d = Ëd$ - gËda_²> ......... ......... .........
be T
e²> + d = œ$ - Aœ…> ......... ......... .........

K
H$²> + f = j$ - ajm ......... ......... .........

©
a²> + f = f©$ - hf©… ......... ......... .........

V²> + g = Ëg$ - CËgmh… ......... ......... .........
a²> + h = h©$ - Ah©Vm ......... ......... .........
to
nR>V
`§ e¡dm… g_wnmgVo {ed B{V ~«÷o{V doXmpÝVZmo
t
~m¡Õm ~wÕ B{V à_mUnQ>d… H$V}{V Z¡`m{`H$m…Ÿ&

No
Ah©{ÞË`W O¡ZemgZaVm… H$_}{V _r_m§gH$m…

gmo@`§ dmo {dXYmVw dmpÄN>V\$b§ Ì¡bmoŠ`ZmWmo {d^w…Ÿ&&
*****
10
g_`…
{ÛVr`… nmR>…
{XZM`m© g§»`m M
__ Zm_ e‘>a…Ÿ& Ah§ àmV… fS²>dmXZo
ed
C{Îmð>m{_Ÿ&
ish
re S AZÝVa§ gnmXfS²>dmXZo XÝVYmdZ§ H$amo{_Ÿ&
bl
_wIàjmbZ§ H$amo{_Ÿ& VV… gy`©Z_ñH$ma§ H$amo{_Ÿ&
B
pu
be T
gmY©fS²>dmXZo ñZmZ§ H$amo{_Ÿ& AZÝVa§

K
nmR>§ nR>m{_Ÿ& J¥hH$m`ª H$amo{_Ÿ&

©
n#m-D$Z-ZddmXZo Aënmhma§
ñdrH$amo{_Ÿ&
to
n#mm{YH$ZddmXZo {dÚmb`§ JÀN>m{_Ÿ&

VÌ nmR>mZ²> nR>m{_Ÿ&
t
No
_Ü`m•o gmY©ÛmXedmXZo ^moOZ§ H$amo{_Ÿ&

gm`‘>mbo gmY©MVwdm©XZo H«$sS>m“Uo H«$sS>m{_Ÿ&
gnmXfS²>- dmXZo {dÚmb`V… J¥h_² >AmJÀN>m{_Ÿ&
11
amÌm¡ gnmXgádmXZo ^moOZ§ H$amo{_Ÿ& AZÝVa§
n#mmoZXedmXZn`©ÝV§ nmR>mZ²> nR>m{_Ÿ& XedmXZo
e`Z§ H$amo{_Ÿ&
g§»`m…
ed
nw§{b“… ór{b“… Znw§gH${b“…
1. EH$… EH$m EH$_²>
ish
2. Ûm¡ Ûo Ûo
3. Ì`… {Vò… Ìr{U
re S
bl
4. MËdma… MVò… MËdm[a
B
pu
be T
5. n#m 17. gáXe 29. EH$moZqÌeV²>

K
6. fQ²> 18. Aï>mXe 30. {Ìe§V²>

©
7. gá 19. ZdXe 31. EH$qÌeV²>

8. Aï> 20. qde{V… 32. ÛmqÌeV²>
9. Zd 21. EH$qde{V… 33. Ì`{ñÌ§eV²>
10. Xe 22. Ûmqde{V… 34. MVw{ñÌ§eV²>
to
11. EH$mXe 23. Ì`moqde{V… 35. n#mqÌeV²>

12. ÛmXe 24. MVw{dªe{V… 36. fQ²>qÌeV²>
t
No
13. Ì`moXe 25. n#mqde{V… 37. gáqÌeV²

14. MVwX©e 26. fS²>qde{V… 38. Aï>mqÌeV²>
15. n#mXe 27. gáqde{V… 39. EH$moZMËdm[aëV²
16. fmoS>e 28. Aï>mqde{V… 40. MËdm[aëV²
12
41. EH$MËdm[aëV²> 61 EH$f[ï: 81 EH$mer[V:
42. {ÛMËdm[aëV² 62 [Ûf[ï: 82 Û²èr[V:
43. {ÌMËdm[aëV² 63 [Ìf[ï: 83 Íèr[V:
44. MVwíMËdm[aëV²> 64 MVwîf[ï: 84 MVwaer[V:
45. n#mMËdm[aëV²> 65 n#mf[ï: 85 n#mmer[V:
ed
46. fQ²>MËdm[aëV>² 66 fQ²f[ï: 86 fS>er[V:
ish
47. gáMËdm[aëV²> 67 gáf[ï: 87 gámer[V:
48. Aï>MËdm[aëV² 68 Aïf[ï: 88 Aïmer[V:
re S
bl
49. EH$moZn#mmeV²> 69 Zdf[ï: 89 Zdmer[V:
B
50. n#mmeV²> 70 gá[V: 90 Zd[V:
pu
be T
51 EH$n#mmeV² 71 EH$gá[V: 91 EH$Zd[V:

K
52 [Ûn#mmeV² 72 [Ûgá[V: 92 [ÛZd[V:

©
53 [Ìn#mmeV² 73 [Ìgá[V: 93 [ÌZd[V:

54 MVwîn#mmeV² 74 MVwñgá[V: 94 MVwZ©d[V:
55 n#mn#mmeV² 75 n#mgá[V: 95 n#mZd[V:
56 fQ²n#mmeV² 76 fQ²gá[V: 96 fÊUd[V:
to
57 gán#mmeV² 77 gágá[V: 97 gáZd[V:

t
58 Aïn#mmeV² 78 Aïgá[V: 98 AïZd[V:

No
59 Zdn#mmeV² 79 Zdgá[V: 99 ZdZd[V:

60 f[ï: 80 Aer[V: 100 eV_²
13
Aä`mg…
1. CXmhaUmZwgma§ g_`_²> Aja¡… {Z{X©eVŸ&
CXm - 10.15 - gnmXXedmXZ_²>
1. 11.30 = ____________
ed
2. 1.55 = ____________
3. 2.10 = ____________
ish
4. 4.50 = ____________
re S
5. 5.05 = ____________
bl
B
6. 7.30 = ____________
pu
be T
2. CXmhaUmZwgma§ dmŠ`m{Z aM`VŸ&

K
CXm- 1 g… 5-30 C{Îmð>{V/C{Îmð>{g/C{Îmð>m{_

©
2 gm 6-45 ñZmZ§ H$amo{_/H$amo{V/Hw$d©pÝV

3 Ah_² 7-15 J¥hH$m`ª H$amo{V/H$amo{_/Hw$_©…
4 Ëd_² 8-30 Aënmhma§ ñdrH$amo{V/ñdrH$amo{_/ñdrH$amo{f
5 ^dmZ²> 9-15 {dÚmb`§ JÀN>{V/JÀN>m{_/JÀN>pÝV
to
6 ^dVr 12-45 ^moOZ§ H$amo{V/H$amo{_/Hw$_©…

7 d`_²> 4-15 Iob{V/Iobm{_/Iobm_…
t
8 ~mbm… 6-30 J¥h_²> AmJÀN>pÝV/AmJÀN>m{_/JÀN>{V

No
9 ~m{bH$m… 10-00 e`Z§ H$amo{V/Hw$_©…/Hw$d©pÝV
14
CXm - 1. g… gmY©n#mdmXZo C{Îmð>{VŸ&
2. gm nmXmoZgádmXZo ñZmZ§ H$amo{VŸ&
3. Ah_² ........... ........... >Ÿ&
4. Ëd_² ........... ...........&
5. ^dmZ²> ........... ...........&
ed
6. ^dVr ........... ...........&
ish
7. d`_²> ........... ...........&
8. ~mbm… ........... ...........&
re S
bl
9. ~m{bH$m… ........... ...........&
B
pu
be T
3. [aŠVñWmZm{Z nya`VŸ&
K
2) ~«÷m ............ & 2) ............ ZoÌoŸ&

©
3) XeaWñ` .......... ^m`m©…& 4) XeaWñ` ........ nwÌm…Ÿ&

5) ............ {d^ŠV`:Ÿ& 6) ............ {XŠnmbH$m:&
(Aï> - Ûo - {Vò: - gá - EH$… - MËdma:)
to
4. g§`moO`VŸ&
A Am CÎmam{U
t
1. gá{d§e{V… dmgam: 1. ............

No
2. n#mXe ame`: 2. ............

3. ÛmXe ZjÌm{U 3. ............
4. gá {VW`: 4. ............
15
5. nXm{Z ApÝdî` {bIVŸ&
1) - ~mbH$m¡
2) - {dÚmb`:
3) - _mJm©:
4) - \$bm{Z
ed
*****
ish
re S AdYo`m§e…
bl
dmga:
B
1. Am{XË`dmga: - ^mZwdmga: 4.
pu ~wYdmga: - gm¡å`dmga:
be T
2. gmo_dmga: - BÝXþdmga: 5. Jwédmga: - ~¥hñn{Vdmga:

K
3. _“bdmga: - Hw$Odmga: 6. ewH«$dmga: - ^mJ©ddmga:

©
7. e{Zdmga: - pñWadmga:
{H«$`mH$bmn…
I. _ÄOyfmV: g_rMrZ§ nX§ {MËdm [aº$ñWmZ§ nya`V
to
nmR>§, H$m`©_² àmV:, gmY©MVwdm©XZo, Zd,

1. H$mdoar ................ Cnhma_² ñdrH$amo{V &
t
No
2. N>mÌm: embmV: ................ J¥h_² AmJÀN>pÝV &

3. ~mbH$m¡ n#mdmXZo ................ nR>V: &
4. àmV: ................ dmXZo embm§ JÀN>m_: &
5. d`§ lÕ`m ................ Hw$_©: &
16
II. ànaø: naø: ø: AÚ œ: naœ: ànaœ:
1. œ: _“bdmga:& 4. ø: ^mZwdmga: &
2. naœ: ~wYdmga:& AÚ gmo_dmga:& 5. naø: e{Zdmga: &
3. ànaœ: Jwédmga:& 6. ànaø: ewH«$dmga:&
ed
[aº$ñWmZ§ nya`V
1. AÚ Jwé dmga: &
ish
2. ø: &
3. naø:
re S &
bl
4. ànaø: &
B
5. œ:
pu &
be T
6. naœ: &
K
7. ànaœ: &
©
III. gå`H²$ `moO`V&

ÛmXe_mgm… fQ²> F$Vd…
1. M¡Ì… {e{ea…
2. d¡emI…
to
3. Áòð>… ho_ÝV…
4. AmfmT>…
t
No
5. lmdU… eaV²
6. ^mÐnX…
7. Amíd`wO… dfm©
8. H$m{Îm©H$…
17
9. _mJ©{ea…
10. nwî`…
} J«rî_…
}
11. _mK… dgÝV…
12. \$mëJwU…
IV. CXmhaUmZwJwU§ [aŠVñWmZm{Z nya`VŸ&
ed
nw§{b“: ñÌr{b“: Znw§gH${b“:
ish
CXm : 1. MËdma: - ~mbH$m: MVò: - ~m{bH$m: MËdm[a - \$bm{Z
2. ........ ñ`yVm: ........ boIÝ`: ........ {MÌm{U
re S
bl
B
3. ........ N>mÌm: ........ bVm: ........ nUm©{Z
pu
be T
4. ........ J«ÝWm: ........ _mbm: ........ ^dZm{Z
K
5. ........ Xrnm: ........ AÜ`m{nH$m: ........ J¥hm{U

6. ........ d¥jm: ........ emIm: ........ CÚmZm{Z
©
V. {MÌ§ Ñï²>dm [aº$ñWmZ§ nya`V -Ÿ

t to
No
18
bQ²>bH$ma…
V¥Vr`… nmR>…
ghdmg…
H${üV²> Mmoa… ApñVŸ& Mm¡`©_²> Ed Vñ` H$m`©_²>Ÿ& H$Xm{MV²> g… Mm¡`m©Wª
ed
amO^dZ§ à{de{VŸ& _hmamkr _hmamO… M nañna§ dmVm©bmn§ Hw$éV…Ÿ&
amkr - ""_hmamO ! ^dV… nwÌr {ddmhd`ñH$m B{V ñ_a{V {H$b?''
ish
amOm - ""{àò ! ñ_am{_ VV²>Ÿ& gd©_²> A{n H$mbo gå^d{VŸ& {H$_W©_²> BXmZt
Ëdam''Ÿ?
re S
bl
amkr - ""BXmZt `wŠV… H$mb… EdŸ& VXWª erK«§ damÝdofU§ H$amoVw''Ÿ&
B
amOm - ""^Ðo, {MÝVm {H$_W©_²>? Amd`mo… nwÌr gwÝXar ApñVŸ& AV… Vñ`m…
pu
be T
{ddmh{dfò {MÝVm _mñVw''Ÿ&

K
amkr - ""qH$ VmdV²> gab… ApñV {ddmh… ? VmÑem… dam… Hw$Ì gpÝV?''
©
amOm - ""ZJañ` g_rno F$î`ml_… ApñV {H$bŸ! VÌ `mo½`m… F${fHw$_mam…

{ZdgpÝVŸ& Vo {dÚmdÝV… Yr_ÝV… MŸ& VÌ JËdm nwÍ`m… {Z{_Îm§
`mo½`dañ` AÝdofU§ H$amo{_Ÿ&''
amkr - ""VÌ gwÝXam… dam… gpÝV dm ? Ah_²> A{n Ðïw>_²> BÀN>m{_Ÿ& H$Xm
to
JÀN>m_?''
amOm - ""BXmZt __ amOH$m`m©{U gpÝVŸ& H {Vn`[XZmZÝVa§ JÀN>m_''Ÿ&
t
Mmoa… EVV²> gdª e¥Umo{VŸ& g… {MÝV`{V - ""Ah_²> BXmZt Mm¡`ª Z H$amo{_Ÿ&

No
F$î`ml_§ JÀN>m{_Ÿ& F${fHw$_ma… Bd AmMam{_Ÿ& amOm VÌ AmJÀN>{VŸ& _m§

ní`{VŸ& __ nwÍ`m… Ef… Ed da… ^dVw B{V A“rH$amo{VŸ& ^{dî`§ H$mo dm
OmZm{V? BXmZt Mm¡`}U {H${#mV²> YZ§ àmßZmo{_Ÿ& amOnwÍ`m… n{V… ^dm{_ MoV²>,
g_J«§ amÁ`_² Ed àmßZmo{_'' B{VŸ&
19
Mmoa… F$î`ml_§ JÀN>{VŸ& F${fHw$_ma… Bd ì`dha{VŸ& à{V{XZ§ àmV…H$mbo
erK«_²> C{Îmð>{VŸ& ZXrOboZ ñZmZ§ H$amo{VŸ& gd©Xm XodÜ`mZ§ H$amo{VŸ& nyOm_²>
AÜ``Z§ `moJmä`mg§ M H$amo{VŸŸ& n[aUm_mV²> Mmoañ` _Z… F${fOrdZo AmgŠV_²>Ÿ&
n#mXe{XZmZm_²> AZÝVa§ amOm F$î`ml_§ JÀN>{VŸ& gdm©Z²> A{n
F${fHw$_mamZ²> n[aerb`{VŸ& Mmoa§ ní`{VŸ& "Ef… Ed da… ^dVw' B{V _Zgm
ed
{ZU©`§ H$amo{VŸŸ& Mmoag_rn§ JËdm àmW©`{VŸ- ""Am`©Ÿ& H¥$n`m ^dmZ²> __ nwÍ`m…
nm{UJ«hU§ H$amoVw'' B{VŸ&
ish
VXmZt Mmoa… dX{V - ""nyd©_²> EVXW©_²> Ed _`m à`ËZ… H¥$V…Ÿ& {H$ÝVw
re S
AÌ Aml_o F${fHw$_mamUm§ ghdmgoZ Ah§ {ddoH§$ àmádmZ²>Ÿ& AV… BXmZr_²> Ah§
bl
B
^moJ§ Z BÀN>m{_'' B{VŸ&
pu
be T
Ed§ gÁOZghdmgoZ Mmoa… A{n F${fHw$_ma… Bd {Z…ñn¥h… g§d¥Îm…Ÿ&
K
t ©
to
No
20
Aä`mg…
1. Mmoa… Mm¡`m©Wª Hw$Ì à{de{V ?
2. F$î`ml_o H$… F${fHw$_ma… Bd AmMa{V?
ed
3. amOm H$mZ²> n[aerb`{V ?
4. Mmoa… F${fHw$_mamUm§ ghdmgoZ qH$ àmádmZ²>?
ish
re S
1. nwÍ`m… {Z{_Îm§ ............. AÝdofU§ H$amo{_Ÿ&
bl
B
2.
pu BXmZt __ ............. H$m`m©{U gpÝVŸ&
be T
3. __ nwÍ`m… Ef… Ed .............. ^dVwŸ&
K
4. AV… BXmZr_²> Ah§ .............. Z BÀN>m{_Ÿ&

©
3. {déÕmW©H$nXm{Z {bIVŸ&
1. ApñV 2. erK«_²> 3. gab_²> 4. `mo½`m…
4. g_mZmW©H$nXm{Z {bIVŸ&
1. Mmoa… 2. ^dZ_²> 3. H$mb… 4. erK«_²>
to
5. g§`moO`VŸ&
t
A Am
No
1. amO^dZ_²> H$amo{V
2. dmVm©bmn_²> à{de{V
3. YZ_²> n[aerb`{V
4. F${fHw$_mamZ²> àmßZmo{V
21
6. àý{Z_m©U§ Hw$éVŸ& (aoIm{‘>VnXm{Z Adbåã`)
1. Mm¡`©H$aU§ Mmoañ` H$m`©_²>Ÿ&
2. Aml_o `mo½`m… F${fHw$_mam… {ZdgpÝVŸ&
3. Mmoa… ZXrOboZ ñZmZ§ H$amo{VŸ&
4. Mmoa… F${fHw$_mamUm§ ghdmgoZ {ddoH§$ àmádmZ²>Ÿ&
ed
7. dmŠèwqÕ Hw$éVŸ&
ish
1.
re S Mmoa… Mm¡`m©Wª amO^dZ§ à{depÝVŸ&
2. VmÑem… da… Hw$Ì gpÝVŸ&
bl
B
3. pu Ah_²> A{n Ðïw>_²> BÀN>{VŸ&
be T
4. _hmamO… gdm©Z²> A{n F${fHw$_ma… n[aerb`{VŸ&

K
8. AÝ`{b“nX§ {bIVŸ&
©
1. gwÝXa… 2. Hw$_ma… 3. nwÌr 4. gÄOmV…

9. Am_²> / Z B{V {bIVŸ&
1. Mmoa… Mm¡`m©Wª X[aÐJ¥h§ à{de{VŸ&
to
2. nwÍ`m… {Z{_Îm§ `mo½`dañ` AÝdofU§ H$amo{_Ÿ&

3. Mmoa… F${fHw$_ma… Bd Z AmMa{VŸ&
t
No
4. F${fHw$_mamUm§ ghdmgoZ Mmoa… {ddoH§$ àmádmZ²>Ÿ&

10. n#mf¡… dmŠ`¡… CÎma§ g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, H$ÞS>^mf`m, Am“b
² ^mf`m dm
{bIV&
1. Mmoañ` _Zg… n[adV©Z§ H$W_²> A^dV²>?
22
AdYo`m§e…
gá-H$H$mam…
{H$_²
?
Hw$V:
H${V {H$_W©_²
ed
Hw$Ì H$W_²
ish
re S H$Xm
bl
* ^dV… Zm_ [H$_² ?
B
__ Zm_.....&
pu
be T
* nmR>embm Hw$Ì A[ñV ?

K
nmR>embm J«m_o A[ñV &

©
* `ÝÌmJmao H$[V H$_©H$am… gpÝV?

`ÝÌmJmao [d§e[V… H$_©H$am… gpÝV &
* [eew… H$Xm e`ZmV² C[Îmð>[V?
[eew… gádmXZo e`ZmV² C[Îmð>[V&
to
* Am_«\$b§ Hw$V… nV[V ?

Am_«\$b§ d¥jmV² nV[V &
t
No
* ~m[bH$m H$W§ Jm`[V ?

~m[bH$m _Ywa§ Jm`[V &
* Aå~m [H$_Wª [dn[U§ JÀN>[V?
Aå~m ZyVZdóm[U H«o$Vw§ [dn[U§ JÀN>[V &
23
{H«$`mH$bmn…
dV©_mZH$mb… (bQ²>bH$ma…)
AÌ Vw {H«$`m AmaãYm Ed Z Vw g_mámŸ& gm dV©_mZH$mbËdoZ {Z{X©í`VoŸ&
dV©_mZH$mb… bQ²> BË`{n ì`d{õ`VoŸ&
ed
1. BVadMZÛ`§ {bIVŸ&
EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²>
ish
CXm - hg{V hgV… hgpÝV
1) {bI{V
re S ........ ........
2) H«$sS>m{_ ........ ........
bl
B
3) ........
pu Z`W… ........
be T
4) ........ ........ C{Îmð>pÝV
5) {n~{g ........ ........
K
6) ........ ........ Cn{dem_…

©
7) ........ ñ_aW… ........

8) ní`m{_ ........ ........
9) ........ n¥ÀN>V… ........
10) ....... {_bmd… ........
to
2. g§`moO`VŸ&
A Am CÎmam{U
t
1. _`yam… JÀN>{g
No
2. _oKm… nR>W
3. ~mbH$m¡ ~moY`{V
4. Ëd_²> JO©pÝV
5. `y`_²> {bImd…
24
6. Amdm_²> YmdV…
7. Ah_²> Z¥Ë`pÝV
8. {ejH$… ImXm{_
3. H$V¥©nXmZwgma§ {H«$`mnX§ `moO`VŸ&
{bI{V
ed
nR>V…
ish
ní`V…
re S nR>m{_
{bImd…
bl
B
g… {bIm_…
Vm¡
pu
be T
Vo ní`m{_
K
ní`pÝV
nwñVH§$ ñWmn`md…
©
nR>pÝV
Ah§
Amdm_²> {bIpÝV
d`_²> ñWmn`V…
{bIm{_
to
ní`md…
{bIpÝV
t
No
ñWmn`pÝV
hgV…
******
25
MVwW©… nmR>…
Zr{V~moY…
(H$ÊR>nmR>… H$aUr`…)
1. H$mH$… H¥$îU… {nH$… H¥$îU… H$mo ôX… {nH$H$mH$`mo…Ÿ&
ed
dgÝVH$mbo gåàmáo H$mH$… H$mH$… {nH$… {nH$…Ÿ&&
- Hw$db`mZÝX…
ish
2. AW©Zme§ _ZñVmn§ J¥ho Xwü[aVm{Z MŸ&
re S
d#mZ§ Mmn_mZ§ M _{V_mZ²> Z àH$meòV²>Ÿ&&
bl
B
pu - gw^m{fVaËZ^mÊS>mJma…
be T
3. H$mìèmñÌ{dZmoXoZ H$mbmo JÀN>{V Yr_Vm_²>Ÿ&
K
ì`gZoZ Vw _yIm©Um§ {ZÐ`m H$bhoZ dmŸ&&

©
- {hVmonXoe…
4. Zañ`mâU§ ê$n§ ê$nñ`mâU§ JwU…Ÿ&
JwUñ`mâU§ kmZ§ kmZñ`mâU§ j_mŸ&&
- gw^m{fVaËZg_wÀM`…
to
AÝd`mW©…
1. H$mH$… = dm`g…, H¥$îU… = H¥$îUdU©…, {nH$… = H$mo{H$b…, H¥$îU… =
t
H¥$îUdU©…, {nH$H$mH$`mo… = H$mo{H$b - dm`g`mo…, H$mo ôX… = H$…

No
ì`Ë`mg…, (V`mo… g_mZ-dU©…) ({H$ÝVw) dgÝVH$mbo = dgÝVg_ò,

gåàmáo, (g{Þ{hVo) H$mH$… H$mH$…, {nH$… {nH$… = V`mo… ñdaôXoZ
n[aM`… km`VoŸ&
26
2. _{V_mZ²> = ~w{Õ_mZ²>, AW©Zme_² = YZñ` Zme_²>, _ZñVmn_²=_Zg…
{MÝVm_², J¥ho = ñdJ¥ho {dÚ_mZ_², Xwü[aVm{Z = XwîH$m`m©{U, d#mZ_²> =
H$nQ>Vm_²>, An_mZ_²> = Ad_mZZ_²>, Z àH$meòV²> = Z àH$Q>òV²>, (gd}
fm§ g_rno Z dXoV²> BË`W©…)
ed
3. Yr_Vm_²> = ~w{Õ_Vm_²>, H$mb… = g_`…, H$mìèmñÌ{dZmoXoZ =
H$mìèmómUm_²> AÜ``ZoZ {MÝVZoZ M, JÀN>{V = `m{V, (naÝVw)
ish
_yIm©Um_²> = _yT>mZm_² (g_`…) ì`gZoZ = XwîH$m`}U, {ZÐ`m =
{ZÐmH$aUoZ, H$bhoZ = d¥Wm {ddmXoZ, JÀN>{V = `m{VŸ& (g_`ñ`
re S
bl
gXwn`moJ… H$aUr`… B{V ^md…)
B
pu
be T
4. Zañ` = _mZdñ`, AmâU§ ={d^yfU_², ê$n_² = gwê$n_²,
K
ê$nñ` = gwê$nñ`, AmâU_² = {d^yfU_², JwU… = gÒþU…,

©
JwUñ` = gÒþUñ`, AmâU_² = {d^yfU_², kmZ_² = gwkmZ_²,

kmZñ` = gwkmZñ` AmâU_² = {d^yfU_, j_m = X`m ^d{V B{V&
O`pÝV Vo gwH¥${VZmo ag{gÕm… H$drídam…Ÿ&

to
ZmpñV òfm§ è…H$mò Oam_aUO§ ^`_²Ÿ&&

t
No
27
Aä`mg…
1. {nH$H$mH$`mo… ôX… H$Xm km`Vo ?
2. An_mZ§ H$… Z àH$meòV²>?
ed
3. Zañ` AmâU§ {H$_²> ?
ish
2. {b“-{d^{ŠV-dMZm{Z {bIVŸ&
re S
1. Zme_² 2. {dZmoXoZ 3. {ZÐ`m 4. ^ŠVm`
bl
B
3. aoIm{‘>VnXmZm§ àíZ{Z_m©U§ Hw$éVŸ&
pu
be T
1. {nH$H$mH$`mo… dU©… H¥$îU… ApñVŸ&

K
2. H$mìèmñÌ{dZmoXoZ Yr_Vm§ H$mb… JÀN>{VŸ&

©
3. ê$nñ` AmâU§ JwU…Ÿ&
1. An_mZ… 2. {_Ì_²> 3. H¥$îU…
to
5. n`m©`nXm{Z {bIVŸ&
t
1. H$mH$… 2. _{V… 3. {_Ì_²> 4. Za…

No
28
6. g§`moO`VŸ&
A Am
1. J¥ho 1. _yIm©Um§ H$mb… JÀN>{V
2. {dZmoXoZ 2. kmZñ`mâU_²>
3. H$bhoZ 3. Xwü[aVm{Z Z àH$meZr`m{Z
ed
4. j_m 4. Yr_Vm§ H$mb… JÀN>{V
7. MVwWª nX§ {bIVŸ&
ish
1. JÀN>{V - AmJÀN>{VŸ& Z`{V .................Ÿ&
re S
2. H$mH$… - àW_m{d^{º$…Ÿ& J¥ho .................Ÿ&
bl
B
3. H$bhoZ - V¥Vr`m{d^{º$…Ÿ& doXmV²> ...............Ÿ&
pu
be T
4. _mZ_²> - An_mZ_²>Ÿ& ApñV ...............Ÿ&

K
8. g_yhoVanX§ {MZwVŸ&
©
1. X[aÐm`, {ZÐ`m, am_m`, lmo{Ì`m`Ÿ&

2. H$mH$…, {nH$…, J¥ho, H¥$îU…Ÿ&
3. _{V_mZ²>, AW©Zme_²>, _ZñVmn_²>, An_mZ_²>Ÿ&
9. AÝ`{b“ê$n§ {bIVŸ&
to
1. X[aÐ… 2. _mVm
t
10. g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, H$ÞS>^mf`m, Am“²b^mf`m dm n#mf¡… dmŠ`¡… CÎma§

No
{bIVŸ&
1. Yr_Vm§ _yIm©Um§ M H$mb… H$W§ JÀN>{V ?
29
AdYo`m§e…
gh - "gh' B{V nX§ `Ì à`wÁ`Vo VÌ V¥Vr`m{d^{ŠV: ^d{VŸ&
CXm : Ah§ {_ÌoU gh AmnU§ JÀN>m{_Ÿ&
nwÌr OZÝ`m gh JÀN>{V&
ed
ewÕ_²> AewÕ_²>
VoZ gh Vñ` gh
ish
_`m gh __ gh
OZÝ`m gh OZÝ`m: gh
re S
bl
am_oU gh am_ñ` gh
B
pu
be T
{dZm - "{dZm' B{V eãXñ` `moJo A{n V¥Vr`m{d^{ŠV: ^d{VŸ& (AÌ {ÛVr`m§
K
n#m_t M A{n à`moŠVw§ eŠZw_:)

©
CXm : 1) VoZ {dZm / V§ {dZm / Vñ_mV²> {dZm Ef: Z JÀN>{VŸ&

2) OboZ / Ob§ / ObmV²> {dZm _rZ: Z Ord{VŸ&
{H«$`mH$bmn…
to
I. [aŠVñWmZo dU©_oH§$ g§`moÁ` nX~ÝY§ Hw$éVŸ&

`w d O… å~mo X a…
t
No
H$ `w J_²> {d H$mo e…
Xo d ^m nw a ÝX
a qg h… _m V¥ {_…
(Z - am - fm - {b) (^y - b - a… - Îm)
30
II. dU©H«$_§ {d{MÝË` nX§ aM`VŸ&
1) Xo Vmo {h n e…
2) j _w am g… Ðm
3) {d H$_²> _m A a
ed
4) V_²> ^mo M O [a
ish
CÎmam{U 1. .........................
2. .........................
re S
bl
B

pu 3. .........................
be T
4. .........................
K
III. BVadMZê$nm{U {bIVŸ&

©
1. J¥ho ............. .............Ÿ&

2. ì`gZoZ ............. .............Ÿ&
3. ^ŠVm` ............. .............Ÿ&
4. XmZmV²> ............. .............Ÿ&
to
5. ê$nñ` ............. .............Ÿ&

6. H$mH$… ............. .............Ÿ&
t
7. Vñ_¡ ............. .............Ÿ&

No
IV. ewÕ_²> CV AewÕ_²> B{V {bIVŸ&

1) {nVm nwÌoU gh ZJa§ JVdmZ²>Ÿ& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²>
2) _mVm à{Vdo{eÝ`m gh _pÝXa§ JVdVrŸ& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²
31
3) g… nmXajm`m: {dZm JVdmZ²>Ÿ& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²>
4) Ah§ ñ`yV: {dZm AmJVdmZ²>& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²>
5) ^{JZr aoI`m gh AmnU§ JVdVrŸ& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²>
6) Ah§ eH©$a`m {dZm jra§ {n~m{_Ÿ& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²>
7) YZñ` {dZm H$m`ª Z {gÕç{V& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²>
ed
8) a_oe: {_ÌoU gh CnmhmaJ¥h§ JVdmZ²>& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²>
9) Vñ` {dZm V¥U_{n Z Mb{VŸ& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²>
ish
10)
re S {nVm_h: ewZH$ñ` gh dm`w{dhmamWª JVdmZ²>Ÿ& ewÕ§ /AewÕ_²>
V. dmŠ`m{Z
bl
B
gwaoe: g#mmaerb:Ÿ& g: H$Xm{MV²> AÝòZ gh JÀN>{VŸ& nwZ: H$Xm{MV²>
pu
be T
AÝòZ {dZm JÀN>{VŸ& AYñVZH$moð>Ho$ {M•§ "gh' B{V AWª, {M•§

K
"{dZm' B{V AWª M àXe©`{VŸ& VXmYmaoU dmŠ`m{Z aM`VŸ&

©
CXm - gwaoe: {_ÌoU gh {_ÌJ¥h§ JVdmZ²>Ÿ&

1) {_Ì_²> {_ÌJ¥h_²>
2) ^{JZr _mVwbJ¥h_²>
3) AZwO: {MÌ_pÝXa_²>
to
4) nËZr H$m`m©b`:
5) J¥hgXñ`m: CÚmZ_²>
t
6) H$_©H$a: joÌ_²>
No
7) H$aXrn: ajUmW©_²>
8) CnZoÌ_²> J«ÝWmb`:
9) ñ`yV: AmnU:
10) OZm: ^mfU§ lmoVw_²>
32
VI. Z_: - Z_: BË`ñ` `moJo MVwWu{d^{ŠV: ^d{VŸ&
1) {_Ì
2) a{d
3) gy`©
4) ^mZw
ed
5) IJ
g: 6) {haÊ`J^© Z_: B{V dX{V
ish
re S 7) _ar{M
8) Am{XË`
bl
B
pu 9) AH©$
10) ^mñH$a
be T
11) gy`©ZmamÙ
K
©
CXm 1. g: {_Ìm` Z_: B{V dX{VŸ&

2.
3.
4.
to
5.
6.
t
No
7.
9.
10.
*****
33
Añ_X²-`wî_X²-eãXm¡
n#m_… nmR>…
Amamo½`^m½`_²>
ed
ish
re S
bl
B
pu
be TK
©
(AÜ`mnH$… H$ú`m§ à{de{VŸ& N>mÌm… C{Îmð>pÝV Z_ñHw$d©pÝV M)

AmMm`© ! àUm_m…Ÿ!
AmMm`©… - ew^§ ^dVwŸ& gwà^mV_²>Ÿ& `y`§ gd} Cn{deVŸ&
(N>mÌm… Cn{depÝV)
to
_ZmoO… - AmMm`© ! Añ_mH§$ H$ú`mZm`H$… a_oe… AZwnpñWV…Ÿ&

AmMm`©… - {H$_Wª g… AZwnpñWV… ?
t
No
a{d… - g… CXadoXZ`m, ÁdaoU M nr{S>V… ApñVŸ&

AmMm`©… - ø… g… ñdñW… Ed AmgrV²> {H$b..... Ÿ!
a{d… - Am_²>! naÝVw g… embmJ_Zg_ò _mJ©ñ` nmíd} ImÚ§ Im{XVdmZ²>Ÿ&
VV²> ñWb_²> A{YH§$ _m{bÝ`nyU©_²> AmgrV²Ÿ&
34
AmMm`©… - N>mÌm… ! J¥hmV²> ~{h… _mJ©nmíd}, VÌm{n _{bZàXoeo, {dH«${`H$m…
ImÚñ` {dH«$Ù§ Hw$d©pÝVŸ& VÌ AmhmañdrH$aUoZ AñdmñÏ`§
Om`VoŸ& AV… Ah§ gd©Xm dXm{_ "VmÑeofw àXoeofw Amhma§ _m
ImXV' B{VŸ&
{Xì`m - lr_Z²>! __ EH$… àíZ…Ÿ& àmV… gy`©Z_ñH$maH$aUoZ ñdmñÏ`ñ`
ed
ajU§ ^d{V {H$_²>?
AmMm`©… - Am_² ! Adí`§ ^dËòdŸ& `V… "Amamo½`§ ^mñH$am{XÀN>oV²' B{V
ish
dMZ§ à{gÕ_² ApñVŸ& AV… à{V{XZ§ àmV… Adí`§ gy`©Z_ñH$ma§
Hw$éVŸ&
re S
bl
B
gabm - AmMm`© ! AmL²>½b^mfm`m_² A{n EH§$ à{gÕ§ dmŠ`_² ApñV Ibw!
'Prevention is better than cure' B{VŸ&
pu
be T
AmMm`©… - Am_² ! MaH$_hf}… dMZ_² A{n Ed_² ApñVŸ&

K
{dZm{n ôfO¡ì`m©{Y… nÏòZ¡d {ZdV©VoŸ&

©
Z {h nÏ`{dhrZmZm§ ôfOmZm§ eV¡a{nŸ&& B{VŸ&

Amamo½`{dfò kmVì`_²> BVmo@{n ~hþ ApñVŸ&
N>mÌ… - d`_{n A{YH§$ kmVw_²> BÀN>m_…Ÿ&
gw{_Ìm - AmMm`© ! __ {nVm gd©Xm dX{V, ""^moOZmÝVo VH«$godZ§ Hw$é'
to
B{V, qH$ VÌ H$maU_² ?

AmMm`©… - CÎm_… àíZ…Ÿ& MaH$g§{hVm`m_² Ed_² ApñVŸ-
t
No
Z VH«$godr ì`WVo H$Xm{MV²

Z VH«$X½Ym… à^dpÝV amoJm…Ÿ&
`Wm gwamUm_² A_¥V§ {hVm`
VWm ZamUm§ ^w{d VH«$_mhþ…Ÿ&& B{VŸ&
35
JwUoe… - lr_Z² ! H«$sS>ZoZm{n Añ_mH$_² Amamo½`ñ` ajU§ ^d{V dm?
AmMm`©… - Adí`§ ^d{VŸ& `V… "eara_mÚ§ Ibw Y_©gmYZ_²' B{V
H$m{bXmgmo{ŠV… à{gÕm ApñVŸ&
gwJwU… - AmMm`© ! earag§ajUoZ emaraH$ñdmñÏ`§ Vw ^d{V, {H$ÝVw
_mZ{gH$mamo½`_² ...........?
ed
AmMm`©… - _mZm{gH$mamo½`§ `moJmä`mgoZ Om`VoŸ& AV… ewÕmhmagodZ`m,
ì`m`m_oZ, `moJmä`mgoZ M Amamo½`ñ` g§ajU§ ^d{VŸ&
ish
AV… d`_² Amamo½`^m½`m` Ed§ àmW©`m_…Ÿ&
re S
(N>mÌm… {_{bËdm Jm`pÝV)
bl
B
pu lÕm§ _oYm§ è… àkm§ {dÚm§ ~wqÕ {l`§ ~b_²Ÿ&
be T
Am`wî`§ VoO Amamo½`§ Xo{h _o H$éUmH$aŸ&&

K
"bmoH$m… g_ñVm… gw{IZmo ^dÝVw'

©
*****
Aä`mg…
to

1. a_oe… {H$_W©_²> AZwnpñWV…?
t
No
2. Ho$Z Amamo½`ñ` ajU§ ^d{V ?

3. Amamo½`§ H$ñ_mV² BÀN>oV² ?
4. VH«§$ Ho$fm§ {hVm` ^d{V ?
36
2. `Wm{ZX}e§ {bIVŸ&
1. gy`©Z_ñH$maoU ñdmñÏ`ñ` ajU§ ^d{V {H$_²> ?
H$… nmR>… ? H$m n¥ÀN>{V ? H§$ n¥ÀN>{V ?
2. _mZ{gH$mamo½`§ `moJmä`mgoZ Om`VoŸ&
ed
H$… nmR>… ? H$… dX{V ? H$mZ²> dX{V> ?
ish
1. àmV… ............. Amamo½àjU§ ^d{VŸ&
re S
bl
2. Z {h .............. ôfOmZm§ eV¡a{nŸ&
B
3. bmoH$m… g_ñVm… .............. ^dÝVwŸ&
pu
be TK
4. dmŠ`§ aM`VŸ&
©
1. Añ_mH$_²> 2. gd©Xm 3. à{V{XZ_²

1. N>mÌ… 2. ñdñW… 3. à{gÜX… 4. {nVm
to
1. Ah§ - nR>m{_Ÿ& d`_² ............ Ÿ&

t
2. Ëd§ - dX{g & `y`§ ............Ÿ&

No
3. \$b_² - ApñVŸ& \$bm{Z ..........Ÿ&

4. {dÚmb`ñ` - fð>r{d^{ŠV…Ÿ& XyamV² ...........Ÿ&
37
7. g_y>hoVanX§ {bIVŸ&
1. ^d{V - AmgrV²> - ApñV - à{de{VŸ&
2. gy`©… - nr{S>V… - ø… - AmMm`©…&
3. lÕm_²> - ~w{Õ_²> - kmZ_²> - {dÚm_²>&
ed
1. ~{h… 2. A{YH$_² 3. CnpñWV… 4. A_¥V_²>
ish
9. g§`moÁ` {bIVŸ&
re S
1. Ah_²> {bImd…
bl
B
2. Ëd_²> nR>W
pu
be T
3. `y`_²> H«$sS>{g
K
4. d`_²> ñ_apÝV
©
nR>m{_
JÀN>m_…
AdYo`m§e…
to
I. `m {H«$`m AmJm{_{Z H$mbo gå^{dVm VÌ b¥Q²>bH$ma…Ÿ&

CXm - 1) OZH$… ZJa§ J{_î`{VŸ&
t
No
2) ~m{bH$m ^moOZ§ H$[aî`{VŸ&

3) H$ÊR>nmR>ñnYm© ^{dî`{VŸ&
{d.gy.- l ^{dî`V²>H$mbo dV©_mZH$mbdV²> Ed àË``m… ^dpÝVŸ&

l YmVmo… àË``ñ` M _Üò "ñ`' `moÁ`VoŸ&
38
l BH$mamV²> na§ g²> - f²> ^d{V (J_²> + B + ñ` (g²> + `) (f²> + `) +
{V = J{_î`{V)
bQ²> b¥Q²>
JÀN>{V J{_î`{V
H$amo{V H$[aî`{V
^d{V ^{dî`{V
ed
l Ho$MZ YmVd… BH$ma§ Z àmßZwdpÝVŸ&
ish
`Wm - Z`{V Zoî`{V

re S Cn{de{V Cndoú`{V
{n~{V nmñ`{V
bl
B
pu OmZm{V kmñ`{V
be T

K
^yYmVw… ^{dî`V² H$mb… b¥Q²> bH$ma…&

nwéfm… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>
©
àW_nwéf… ^{dî`{V ^{dî`V… ^{dî`pÝV

_Ü`_nwéf… ^{dî`{g ^{dî`W… ^{dî`W
CÎm_nwéf… ^{dî`m{_ ^{dî`md… ^{dî`m_…
to
{H«$`mH$bmn…
I. CXmhaUmZwJwU§ {bIVŸ&
t
No
Ah_²> / Amdm_²> / d`_²> / Apñ_ / ñd… / ñ_…

1. Ah§ ~mbH$… Apñ_Ÿ& Amdm§ ~mbH$m¡ ñd…Ÿ& d`§ ~mbH$m… ñ_…Ÿ&
2. ...... ...... .....Ÿ& ..... d¡Úm¡ .....Ÿ& ..... ..... .....&
3. ..... ..... .....& ..... ..... .....& ..... {ejH$m… .....&
39
4. ..... ajH$… .....Ÿ& ..... ..... .....Ÿ& ..... ..... .....&
5. ..... ..... .....Ÿ& ..... godH$m¡ .....Ÿ& ..... ..... .....&
6. Ah§ ~m{bH$m Apñ_Ÿ& Amdm§ ~m{bHo$ ñd…Ÿ& d`§ ~m{bH$m… ñ_…Ÿ&
7. ..... ..... .....Ÿ& ..... _{hbo .....Ÿ& ..... ..... .....&
8. ..... ..... .....Ÿ& ..... ..... .....& ..... agZm… .....&
ed
9. ..... go{dH$m .....Ÿ& ..... ..... .....& ..... ..... .....&
ish
10. ..... ..... .....Ÿ& ..... ..... .....& ..... {e{jH$m… .....&
II.
re S
CXmhaUmZwJwU§ {bIVŸ&
bl
B
Ëd_²> / `wdm_²> / `y`_²> / A{g / ñW… / ñW
pu
be T
1. Ëd§ ~mbH$… A{gŸ& `wdm§ ~mbH$m¡ ñW…& `y`§ ~mbH$m… ñWŸ&

K
Ëd§ nR>{gŸ& `wdm§ nR>W…& `y`§ nR>WŸ&

©
2. Ëd§ ajH$… A{gŸ& ...... ...... ......Ÿ& ...... ...... ......&

Ëd§ aj{gŸ& ...... ...... ......Ÿ& ...... ...... ......&
3. Ëd§ nmMH$… A{gŸ& ...... ...... ......Ÿ& ...... ...... ......&
to
Ëd§ nM{gŸ& ...... ...... ......Ÿ& ...... ...... ......&

4. Ëd§ {ejH$… A{gŸ& ...... ...... ......Ÿ& ...... ...... ......&
t
No
Ëd§ nmR>`{gŸ& ...... ...... ......Ÿ& ...... ...... ......&

5. Ëd§ Jm{`H$m A{gŸ& ...... ...... ......Ÿ& ...... ...... ......&
Ëd§ Jm`{gŸ& ...... ...... ......Ÿ& ...... ...... ......&
40
III. CXmhaUmZwJwU§n[adV©`VŸ&
CXm - hg{V - h{gî`{V
1. H«$sS>{V ..........
2. ImX{V ..........
3. ñ_a{V ..........
ed
4. nR>{V ..........
5. AmMa{V ..........
ish
IV. dmŠ`m{Z n[adV©`VŸ& (^{dî`V²H$mbo)
1. am_… nwñVH§$ nR>{VŸ& ....................Ÿ&
re S
bl
2. ~mb… \$b§ ImX{VŸ& ....................Ÿ&
B
3. {eî`… nmR>§ {bI{VŸ& ....................Ÿ&
pu
be T
4. AJ«O… AmnU§ JÀN>{VŸ& ....................Ÿ&

K
5. n`©Q>H$… ZJao g#ma{VŸ& ....................Ÿ&

©
6. Jwé… J«ÝW§ Z`{VŸ& ....................Ÿ&

V. {H«$`mnXñ` BVadMZm{Z {bIVŸ&
1. H$[aî`{V ....... .......Ÿ& 2. _o{bî`{V ....... .......Ÿ&
3. ....... ....... H$[aî`WŸ& 4. ....... _o{bî`W… .......&
to
5. ....... H$[aî`md… .......Ÿ& 6. ....... ....... _o{bî`m_…Ÿ&

VI. eãXñ` BVadMZm{Z {bIVŸ&
t
No
1. embm_²> ............ ............Ÿ&

2. ^{dî`{V ............ ............&
3. H$ÊR>o ............ ............Ÿ&
4. _hmamOñ` ............ ............Ÿ&
*****
41
fð>… nmR>…
àho{bH$m…
1. e¡bOm nmd©Vr Zmpñ_ d¡îUdr Z h[a{à`mŸ&
_mVmh§ OrdZ§ XmÌr H$mpñ_ gm dad{U©ZrŸ&&
ed
2. MVwînXm Z Jm¡apñ_ J¥hñWm Zmpñ_ Jo{hZrŸ&
ish
^ynnpÊS>Vgä`mZm§ H$mh§ H$mÝVo{V àmoÀ`Vm_²>Ÿ&&
3. d¥jñ`mJo« \$b§ Ñï>§ \$bmJ«o d¥j Ed MŸ&
re S
bl
B
pu AH$mam{X gH$mamÝV§ `mo OmZm{V g npÊS>V…Ÿ&&
4. H¥$îU_wIr Z _mOm©ar {Û{Oˆm Z M g{n©UrŸ&
be TK
n#m^Ìu Z nm#mmbr `mo OmZm{V g npÊS>V…Ÿ&&

5. AnXmo XyaJm_r M gmjamo Z M npÊS>V…Ÿ&
©
A_wI… ñ\w$Q>dŠVm M `mo OmZm{V g npÊS>V…Ÿ&&

6. Z Vñ`m{XZ©Vñ`mÝVmo _Üò `ñVñ` {Vð>{VŸ&
Vdmß`pñV __mß`pñV `{X OmZm{g VÛXŸ&&
to
n[ahma…
1. J“m_mVm 2. AmgpÝXH$m 3. AZmZg… 4. boIZr
t
No
5. nÌ_²> 6. Z`Z_²>
42
VmËn`©_²>
1. Ah§ e¡bOm (nd©VamOñ` nwÌr) Apñ_, {H$ÝVw {edñ` nËZr nmd©Vr Z&
d¡îUdr Apñ_, {H$ÝVw hao… nËZr bú_r… ZŸ& gd}ä`… Ob§ XXm{_, V{h©
daXmÌr "Ah§ H$m' B{V H$Ï`Vm_²>Ÿ&
ed
2. __ MËdma… nmXm… gpÝV, {H$ÝVw Zmh§ YoZw…Ÿ& gXm J¥ho Ed {Zdgm{_,
{H$ÝVw Zmh§ J¥{hUrŸ& ^yn{V… npÊS>V…, JÊ`m… BË`mXrZm§ gd}fm§ {à`m
ish
Apñ_, V{h© "Ah§ H$m' B{V CÀ`Vm_²>Ÿ&
3. Ah§ H${üV² d¥j… Apñ_, __mJ«o \$b§ dV©Vo, nwZ… \$bñ` AJo« d¥j… Ed
re S
bl
A{ñVŸ& __ AmXm¡ AH$ma… ly`Vo, AÝVo gH$maü ly`VoŸ& V{h© H$mo@h_²
B
B{V `… dX{V g… npÊS>V…Ÿ&
pu
be TK
4. __ _wI§ H¥$îUdU©`wŠV_pñV, {H$ÝVw Zmh§ _mOm©arŸ& __ {OˆmÛ`_² ApñV,

{H$ÝVw Zmh§ g{n©UrŸ& n#m^Ìu Apñ_, {H$ÝVw Zmh§ Ðm¡nXrŸ& V{h© Ah§ H$m
©
B{V `… dXoV² g… npÊS>V… ^d{VŸ&

5. __ nmXm¡ Z ñV…, {H$ÝVw ~hþXya§ JÝVw§ eŠZmo{_& Zmh§ {dÚmä`mg§ H¥$VdmZ²,
{H$ÝVw Ajam{U n{R>Vw§ eŠZmo{_Ÿ& __ _wI_od ZmpñV, naÝVw ñnï>§
H$W`m{_Ÿ& V{h© H$mo@h_² B{V `… dXoV² g… Adí`§ npÊS>V… ^d{VŸ&
to
6. Amaåô (AmXm¡) "Z' B{V ly`Vo, _Üò "`' B{V ly`VoŸ& nwZ… AÝVo "Z'
t
B{V ly`VoŸ& ^dV… A{n VXpñV, __m{n VXpñV, V{h© VV² qH$ ñ`mV² ?
No
B{V H$Ï`Vm_²Ÿ&
43
Aä`mg…
1. gm dad{U©Zr H$m ?
2. AmgpÝXH$m Ho$fm§ H$mÝVm ApñV ?
ed
3. d¥jñ` AJo« qH$ Ñï>_² ?
4. n#m^Ìu {H$ÝVw nm#mmbr Z, gm H$m ?
ish
2. {d^Á` gpÝYZm_ {bIVŸ&
re S
bl
B
1. H$mpñ_
pu 2. àmoÀ`Vm_² 3. d¥jñ`mJ«o 4. Aß`pñV
be T
3. EVofm§ {H«$`mnXmZm§ ~hþdMZê$n§ {bIVŸ&

K
1. Apñ_ .............Ÿ&
©
2. OmZm{V .............Ÿ&
3. JÀN>{V ............Ÿ&
4. ApñV ............Ÿ&
to
1. _mVmh§ .............. XmÌrŸ&
t
No
2. d¥jñ`mJo« ............... Ñï>_²Ÿ&

3. ............... Z M g{n©UrŸ&
4. A_wI… ............... dŠVmŸ&
44
5. EH$dMZê$n§ {bIVŸ&
CXm - H$m… - H$m
1. d`_²  ............Ÿ&
2. `wî_mH$_²  ............Ÿ&
3. OrdZm{Z  ............&
ed
4. ò  ............ &
ish
6. dmŠ`§ aM`VŸ&
re S
bl
1. _mVm 2. OmZm{V 3. __
B
7. g§`moO`VŸ&
pu
be T
A Am
K
1. dad{U©Zr nÌ_²
©
2. H¥$îU_wIr Z _mOm©ar J“m_mVm

3. gmja… Z npÊS>V… boIZr

to
1. nmd©Vr - B©H$mamÝV…Ÿ& h[a{à`m - ..............Ÿ&

2. Zmpñ_ - gdU©XrK©…Ÿ& H$mÝVo{V - ..............Ÿ&
t
No
3. {Oˆm - agZmŸ& d¥j… ..............Ÿ&

4. {Vð>{V - àW_nwéf…Ÿ& OmZm{g - ..............Ÿ&
45
1. _mVm 2. npÊS>V…
3. _mOm©a… 4. g_wÐ…
AdYo`m§e…
ed
1. VmVoZ H${WV§ nwÌ ! nÌ§ {bI __mk`mŸ&
ish
Z VoZ {b{IVmo boI… {nVwamkm Z bmo{nVmŸ&&
re S
2. Hw$bmbñ` J¥ho@ß`Yª VXYª hpñVZmnwaoŸ&
bl
B
b‘>m`m_{n VÚw½_§ `mo OmZm{V g npÊS>V…Ÿ&&
pu
be T
3. H$m nmÊSw>nËZr J¥h^yfU§ {H$_²>Ÿ&

K
H$mo am_eÌw… {H$_JñËÒÝ_Ÿ&

©
H$… gy`©nwÌmo {dnarVn¥ÀN>m

Hw$ÝVr gwVmo amdUHw$å^H$Um©…Ÿ&&
CÎma§- 1. ZVoZ = {dZòZ
2. Hw$å^H$U©…
to
3. Hw$ÝVr, gwV…, amdU…, Hw$å^…, H$U©…

t
{H«$`mH$bmn…
No
I. H$moïH$mV² g_w[MV§ nX§ ñdrH¥$Ë` [aº$ñWmZ§ nya`V &

(h>ñVmä`m_², nmXmä`m_², ZoÌmä`m_², gwYmIÊS>oZ, ñ`yVoZ)
1. Jwé :________________ VmS>`[V &
46
2. N>mÌ …________________JÀN>[V &
3. godH$ :________________dñVy[Z AmZ`[V &
4. ^º$…________________Xod§ nyO`[V &
5. ~mbH$…________________[MÌ§ ní`Vr &
6. ~m[bH$m________________[bI[V &
ed
II. [aº$ñWmZ§ nya`V &
ish
1. N>mÌ…________________gh> embm§ JÀN>[V & ([_ÌoU/
re S[_Ìñ`)
2. ______________[dZm OrdZ§ Z [gÜ`[V & (YZñ`/YZoZ)
bl
B
3. ____________ [dZm OrdZ§ H$ï_² & ([dÚ`m/[dÚm`m…)
pu
4. __________Aamo½àjU§ ^d[V & (`moJmä`mgoZ/`moJmä`mgo)
be TK
III. MVwW©nX§ [bIV &

©
1. ZXr-ZÚm; _w[Z…-________________&
2. _mVm-_mÌm; ê$n_² ________________&
3. Jwé:-JwéUm ; Xod…-________________&
4. g… - VoZ ; gm-________________&
to
5. Ëd§ - Ëd`m ; Ah>_²-________________&

6. dZ_² - dZoZ; _mbm-________________&
t
No
IV. Apñ_Z²> n[aÀN>oXo V¥Vr`m{d^ŠË`ÝV§ nX§ {Z{X©eVŸ&

g§ñH¥$V^maË`m "gå^mfUgÝXoe:' Zm_ _mgn{ÌH$m àH$mí`VoŸ& Añ`m:
_mgn{ÌH$m`m: nR>ZZo g§ñH¥$Vmä`mg: ^d{V& n{ÌH$m`m§ a_Ur`m: H$Wm: ^dpÝVŸ&
Zr{VH$W`m OrdZ_m¡ë`§ dY©VoŸ&
47
gå^mfUgÝXoeZo gd©Ì g§ñH¥$Vàgma: Om`_mZ: dV©VŸo & àW_§ g§ñH¥$VoZ
gå^mfU_²>Ÿ& VV… gå^mfUgÝXoeñ` nR>Z_²>Ÿ& AZoZ àH$maoU d`§ g§ñH¥$VmÜ``Z§ Hw$_©:&
V. BVadMZê$nm{U {bIVŸ&
1. H$sQ>_²> ....... .......& 2. ^mfm_²> ....... .......Ÿ&
3. ....... eãXm¡ .......Ÿ& 4. {d^mJ_²> ....... .......Ÿ&
ed
5. ....... godo .......Ÿ& 6. ....... ....... _mbm…Ÿ&
ish
7. _pÝXa_²> ....... .......Ÿ& 8. kmZ_²> ....... .......Ÿ&
re S
9. embm_²> ........ .......Ÿ& 10. ^{dî`{V ........ .......&
bl
B
11. H$ÊR>o ........ .......Ÿ&
pu 12. _ h m a m O ñ ` . . . . . . . .
be T
.......Ÿ&
K
VI. C{MVoZ nXoZ [aŠVñWmZ§ nya`VŸ&

©
1. ^ŠV… ....... JÀN>{VŸ& (_pÝXa)

2. {nV¥ì`… ....... nR>{VŸ& (n{ÌH$m)
3. ZmaX… ....... dmX`{VŸ& (drUm)
4. _mVm ....... Ádmb`{VŸ& (Xrn)
to
5. {eî`… ....... gånmX`{VŸ& (kmZ)

6. {nVm ....... nmb`{V& (gwVm)
t
No
7. dmZa… ....... Amamoh{VŸ& (d¥j)

8. _mVm_hr ....... H$W`{VŸ& (H$Wm)
9. nwÌ… ....... ImX{VŸ& (\$b)
10. N>mÌ… ....... n¥ÀN>{VŸ& (AÜ`mnH$)
48
VII. CXmhaUmZwJwU§ dmŠ`m{Z nya`VŸ&
CXm - gÁOZ, nyOH$
Ah§ gÁOZ§ nyOH§$ M Z_m{_Ÿ&
d¥j \$b
dmVm© H$Wm
ed
Aå~m AJ«Om
ish
am_ H¥$îU
joÌ CÚmZ
re S
bl
B
pu OZH$ OZZr
be T
nÌ {MÌ
K
nwñVH$ \$b
©
àíZ CÎma
VIII. [aŠVñWmZo ewÕ§ ê$n§ {bIVŸ&
1. d`§ ................ Jm`m_…Ÿ& (íbmoH$m… / íbmoH$mZ²>)
2. d`§ ................ aM`m_…Ÿ& ({MÌm{U / {MÌo)
to
3. Vo ................ JÀN>pÝVŸ& (Xodmb` / Xodmb`_²>)

4. Vo ................ {bIpÝVŸ& (íbmoH$m… / íbmoH$mZ²>)
t
No
5. Vm… ................ H«$sUpÝVŸ& (n{ÌH$m… / n{ÌH$m§>)

6. Vm… ................ AmZ`pÝVŸ& (_mb`m / _mbm…)
7. `y`§ ................ nR>WŸ& (J«ÝWmZ²> / J«ÝWm…)
8. `y`§ ................ JÀN>WŸ& (CÚmZm{Z / CÚmZmV²>)
49
IX. CÎmam{U {MËdm H$moð> Ho$ {bIVŸ&
^ŠV… EZ§ Z_{VŸ& 
~mbH$… EVV²> nR>{V& 
{nVm AÌ JÀN>{VŸ& 
_{hbm EVV²> ní`{VŸ& 
ed
godH$… EVV²> AmZ`{VŸ& 
ish
H«$sS>mnQw>… BX§ H$amo{VŸ& 
N>mÌ… EVV²> e¥Umo{VŸ& 
re S
bl
_mVm EVV²> nM{V& 
B
pu
be TK
XyaXe©Z§ dmVm©n{ÌH$m§ dMZ§ AÞ§ nwñVH§$ Xod§ `moJmä`mg§ H$m`m©b`§

©
*****
t to
No
50
gá_… nmR>…
OrdZgm\$ë`_²
_¥X[n M MÝXZ_[ñ_Z² Xoeo J«m_mo J«m_… [gÕdZ_² &
ed
`Ì M ~mbm Xodrñdê$nm ~mbm… gd} lram_m… && 1 &&
h>[a_pÝXa[_X_[Ibeara_²
ish
YZeº$r OZgodm`¡
re S
`Ì M H«$rS>m`¡ dZamO…
bl
B
YoZw_m©Vm na_[edm &&
pu [ZË`§ àmV… [edJwUJmZ§
be T
XrnZw[V… Ibw eÌwnam && 2 && && _¥X[n &&

K
^m½`[dYm[` [ZOm[O©VH$_©
©
`Ì l_… [l`_O©`[V&
Ë`mJYZmZm§ Vnmo[ZYrZm§
JmWm§ Jm`[V H$[ddmUr &&
J“>mOb[_d [ZË`[Z_©b§
to
kmZ§ e§g[V `[VdmUr && 3 && && _¥X[n &&

`Ì [h> Z¡d ñdXoh>[d_moh>…
t
`wÕaVmZm§ dramUm_²
No
`Ì [h> H¥$fH$… H$m`©aV… gZ²

ní`[V OrdZgm\$ë`_²
OrdZbú`§ Z [h> YZnXdr
`Ì M na[ednXgodm && 4 && && _¥X[n &&
51
^mdmWm©…
1. A[ñ_Z² ^maVXoeo [dÚ_mZm _¥[ÎmH$m MÝXZ[_d n[a_b`wº$m,
gd}@[n J«m_m… VnmodZgX¥em… & AÌ gdm© A[n ~m[bH$m… Xoì`m…
ñdê$nm… gd} ~mbH$m… lram_gX¥em… M &
2. AÌ OÝ_ àmádVm§ gd}fm§ eara§ h>ao… _pÝXa_² & OZmZm§ g_rno
ed
[dÚ_mZm[Z YZm[Z OZgodm`¡ Ed Cn`wº$m[Z ^dpÝV & AÌ dZamO…
[g§h>… A[n H«$rS>ZH$ê$noU Cn`wÁ`Vo & na_n[dÌm YoZw… gd}fm§
ish
OZZr &
re S
à[V[XZ§ àmV… ^JdV… ñVw[V… ^d[V & A[n M gm`_² àÁdmë`_mZ…
bl
B
Xrn… eÌyUm_² A[n _“>b§ H$amoVw B{V XrnZ_ñH$ma§ OZm… Hw$d©pÝV&
pu
be T
3. gd}@{n l_oUd¡ YZ_² AO©`pÝV & ñdm[O©VH$_© Ed ^m½`§ [dXYm[V &
K
Ë`mJOr[dZm§ Vn[ñdZm§ M loðËd§ H$do… dmUr Jm`[V & `VrZm§

ñ_¥[VdmŠ`m[Z J“>mOb[_d na_§ n[dÌ§ kmZ§ àXmñ`pÝV &
©
4. AÌ gd}fm§ `wÕaVmZm§ dramUm§ ñdearaì`m_moh>… Zm[ñV & H¥$frdbm…

gd©Xm H$m`ª Hw$d©ÝV… Ed OrdZo g\$bVm§ àmßZwdpÝV & AÌ Xoeo gd}
fm§ bú`§ EH$_od A[ñV `V² XrZOZmZm§ godm, Z Vw YZgL²J«h>…
nXdr àm[á… dm&
to
H${dH$mì`{dMma…
t
H${d… - {dÛmZ²> OZmX©Z hoJS>o

No
OZZ_² - 02-06-1955
OÝ_ñWmZ_² - {ea{g, CÎmaH$ÞS>_ÊS>b_², H$Um©Q>H$amÁ`_²Ÿ&
H¥$V`… - Aä`mgX{e©ZrŸ& UËd{UOÝV_²Ÿ&
52
Aä`mg…
1. EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ [bIV &
1. J“>mOb[_d [ZË`[Z_©b§ [H$_² ?
2. YZeº$r [H$_W©_² ?
ed
3. Ë`mJYZmZm§ JmWm§ H$m Jm`[V ?
4. H¥$fH$… [H§$ ní`[V ?
ish
2. g_mZmW©H$nXm[Z [bIV &
re S
bl
1. _pÝXa_² 2. dZamO… 3. [Z_©b_²
B
pu
3. g§`moÁ` [bIV &
be TK
A Am
1. H«$rS>m`¡ gá_r[d^[º$…
©
2. `wÕaVmZm§ àW_m[d^[º$…
3. nXgodm fðr[d^[º$…
4. Xoeo V¥Vr`m[d^[º$…
MVwWu[d^[º$…
to
4. ggyhoVa§ nX§ {bIV &

t
1. ~mb…, am_…, àmV…, H¥$fH$… &

No
2. JmWm_², godm, ~mbm, ñdê$nm

3. Ë`mJYZmZm_², [edJwUJmZ_², dramUm_², `wÕaVmZm_² &
53
AdYo`m§e…
naånam§ g§ajo_
H¥$Ëdm ZdX¥T>g‘>ën_²
[dVaÝVmo ZdgÝXoe_²
ed
KQ>`m_mo Zdg”>Q>Z_²
ish
aM`m_mo Zd[_[Vh>mg_² &&
Zd_ÝdÝVa[e[ënZ…
re S
bl
amï´>g_wÞ{VH$m{¬U…
B
Ë`mJYZm… H$m`£H$aVm…
pu
be T
H¥$V [ZnwUm d`_[dfÊUm… && && H¥$Ëdm&&

K
ôX^mdZm§ [Zamg`ÝV…
©
XrZX[aÐmZ² g_wÕaÝV…
Xþ…I[dVámZ² g_mœgÝV…
H¥$Vg‘>ënmZ² gXm ñ_aÝV… && && H¥$Ëdm&&
to
àJ[VnWmÞ[h> [dMbo_
naånam§ g§ajo_
t
No
g_wËgm[h>Zmo [ZéÛo[JZmo
[ZË`{ZaÝVaJ[Verbm…&& && H¥$Ëdm&&
- lr OZmX©Z ho>JSo>.
54
OZmX©ZhoJS>o_hmoX`ñ` AÝ`m… H¥$V`… -
1. gå^mfUgmonmZ_²Ÿ&
2. {d^{ŠVd„arŸ&
3. eV¥emZOÝV_ÄOarŸ&
4. H$ÞS>g§ñH¥$VH$mof…Ÿ&
ed
5. {eewJrVm{ZŸ&
ish
6. Xoe^{º$JrVm{ZŸ&
re S
{deof… - g§ñH¥$V^maË`m… Amaå^H$V©¥fw AÝ`V_…, à_wIíMŸ& g§ñH¥$V^mfm-
bl
B
{ejUo ApñV Añ` _hV² `moJXmZ_²>Ÿ& Ef… {d{dYnmR>çnwñVH$g{_Vo… gXñ`…
pu
be T
"gå^mfUgÝXoe'_mgn{ÌH$m`m… gånmXH$íMŸ&
K
àepñV… - gm{hË` AH$mS>o{_ AZwdmXàepñV… - 2005.

©
*****
t to
No
55
bL²>bH$ma…
Aï>_… nmR>…
gá_r{d^{º$…
MVwa… H$m{bXmg…
ed
ish
re S
bl
B
pu
be TK
©
nr{R>H$m-
to
[g§ñH¥$VH${dfw AJ«JÊ`… H$m{bXmg… H${dHw$bJwé$… H${dVm- H$m{_Ý`m…

{dbmg… B{V M à{gÕ… AmgrV²&
t
`Ú{n H$m{bXmg… à»`mV… VWm{n Vñ` XoeH$mbmXrZm§ {dfò {H${#mX{n

No
Z km`Vo BX§ Añ_mH§$ Xm¡^m©½`_²& g… ^maVXoeo gd©Ì g#mma§ H¥$Ëdm C‚m{`Ý`m§

XrK©H$mb§ AdgV² B{V D$hm ApñV& H$m{bXmg{da{MVm… AZoHo$ J«ÝWm… gÝVr{V
{d_e©H$m… H$W`pÝV& naÝVw Vofw gá J«ÝWm… Ed H$m{bXmgoZ {da{MVm… B{V
{Zñg§e`§ npÊS>>V¡… ÔT>rH¥$Vm…& Vo M aKwd§e§, Hw$_mag§^d_² B{V Ûo _hmH$mìò,
56
_oKXÿV_², F$Vwg§hma… M B{V Ûo IÊS>H$mìò, _mb{dH$m{¾{_Ì_², {dH«$_mod©er`_²,
A{^kmZemHw$ÝVb§ Mo{V Ìr{U ZmQ>H$m{Z&
H$m{bXmg… {dH«$_m{XË`ñ` AmñWmZo H${d… Amgr{X{V km`Vo& âVdf}
{dH«$_ZmpÝ_ AZoHo$ amOmZ… AmgZ²& AV… H$m{bXmgoZ d{U©V… {dH«$_amO… H$…?
Añ` {ZYm©aU§ XþîH$a_² ApñV& naÝVw H$m{bXmg… ^moOamOñ` AmñWmZo AmgrV²,
ed
VÌ {dÛÒmoð>rfw g_ñ`m… nya`{V ñ_ B{V Eo{Vø§ {H«$ñVmãXo fmoS>eeVHo$ pñWVoZ
d“XoeròZ ~„mbgoZoZ {da{MVo ^moOà~ÝYJ«ÝWo H${WV_²&]
ish
Añ_mH§$ ^maVXoeo ~hd: OZ{à`m: àOmaÄOH$m: M ^ynmbm: AmgZ² & Vofw
re S
AÝ`V_: ^moOmo Zm_ amOm YmamZJao AmgrV² & ^moOñ` AmñWmZo ~hd: H$d`:,
bl
B
npÊS>Vm:, Jm`H$m: M AmgZ²& Vofw 'H${dHw$bJwé:' B{V à{gÕ: H$m{bXmgZm_H$:
pu
H${d: A{n AÝ`V_: & g: ñdnmpÊS>ËòZ ^moOñ` AmñWmZo emo^Vo ñ_ &
be T
EH$Xm ^moOamO: _¥J`mWª dZ_² AJÀN>V² & VÌ H$ñ`{MV² gamodañ`

K
nmœ} Oå~ynmXnm: ~hd: AmgZ² & d¥jofw H$n`: emImä`: emImÝVa§ à{V
©
b”Z§ Hw$d©ÝV: H«$sS>pÝV ñ_ & VXm "Jwbw-Jwbw' B{V eãX: ^d{V ñ_& EVñ_mV²
à^m{dV: ^moO: ñdñ` AmñWmZo "Jwbw Jw½Jwbw Jw½Jwbw' B{V g_ñ`m§ XÎdm "`:
AZoZ ûcmoH§$ aM{`Ëdm œ: dmM{`î`{V, Vñ_¡ nm[aVmo{fH§$ Xmñ`Vo' B{V AdXV²&
gd} H$d`: AZÝVa{XZo amOg^m§ g_mJË` {MÝVmHw$bm: AYmo_wIm: M
to
A{Vð>Z² & VXm H$m{bXmg: ñdnrR>mV² CËWm` ûcmoH$_² Ed_² AnR>V² -

""Oå~y\$bm{Z n¹$m{Z nVpÝV {d_bo Obo&
t
No
H${dH$pånVemImä`: Jwbw Jw½Jwbw Jw½Jwbw&&''

BX§ lwËdm gd} H$d`: gÝVwï>m: A^dZ² & ^moO: A{n gÝVwï> : gZ²
H$m{bXmgm` nm[aVmo{fH$_² A`ÀN>V²&
AÝ`pñ_Z² {XZo ^moOamO: ñdñ` AmñWmZo H$drZ² Amhy` AdXV² - 'H$-I-
57
J-K' BËòVmZ² dUm©Z² Am{lË` ûcmoH§$ aM`ÝVw' B{V& gd} H$d`… g_ñ`m{__m§
nya{`Vw§ à`ËZ_² AHw d©Z² & {H$ÝVw Vo g_ñ`mnyaUo {d\$bm: OmVm: &
EH$Xm H$m{bXmg: H$mbr_pÝXa§ à{V JÀN>Z² AmgrV² & VXm g: H$m{#mV²
~m{bH$m_² Aní`V² & gm ~m{bH$m H$m{bXmg§ X¥îQ‰>m àUm__² AH$amoV² & VXm
V`mo: _Üò Ed§ g§dmX… àmdV©V&
ed
H$m{bXmg: - H$m Ëd§ ~mbo ?
~m{bH$m - H$m#mZ_mbm &
ish
H$m{bXmg: - H$ñ`m: nwÌr ?
re S
H$m{bXmg: - H$ZH$bVm`m:
bl
B
H$m{bXmg: - hñVo qH$ Vo ?
pu
be T
~m{bH$m - VmbrnÌ_²
K
H$m{bXmg: - H$m dm aoIm?

©
~m{bH$m - H$ - I - J - K &
VV: H$m{bXmg: ^moOñ` AmñWmZ_² AJË` g_ñ`m_² Anya`V²-
H$m Ëd§ ~mbo ? H$m#mZ_mbm
H$ñ`m: nwÌr ? H$ZH$bVm`m: &
to
hñVo qH$ Vo ? VmbrnÌ_²

H$m dm aoIm ? H$ - I - J - K &&
t
No
EV§ ûcmoH§$ lwËdm gd} AmíM`©`wº$m: A^dZ² & `Wmnydª

"H${dHw$bJwé:' B{V H$m{bXmgñ` àe§gm_² AH$amoV², nm[aVmo{fH§$ M
àm`ÀN>V²&
58
Aä`mg…
1. EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ [bIV -
1. YmamZJañ` amOm H$… ?
2. "H${dHw$bJwé…' B{V H$… à{gÕ… ?
ed
3. ^moOamO… _¥J`mWª Hw$Ì AJÀN>V² ?
4. ~m{bH$m`m… hñVo {H$_² AmgrV² ?
ish
re S
bl
1. H$m{bXmg… .............. à{V JÀN>Z²> AmgrV²>Ÿ&
B
pu
2. ûcmoH§$ lwËdm gd} ............... A^dZ²>Ÿ&
be TK
©
1. ^ynmb… 2. à{gÕ… 3. npÊS>V… 4. d¥j…

1. g… 2. ~m{bH$m 3. H${d… 5. AÝ`V_…
5. dmŠ`m{Z aM`VŸ&
to
1. AmñWmZo 2. amOm 3. H«$sS>pÝV

t
No
6. Am_²> / Z B{V {bIVŸ&

1. ^maVXoeo ~hd… ^ynmbm… AmgZ²>Ÿ&
2. ^moO… H$bhoZ H$mb§ `mn`{V ñ_Ÿ&
59
3. H$m{bXmg… H${dHw$bJwé… B{V à{gÕ…Ÿ&
4. EH$Xm ^moOamO… _¥J`mWª J«m__²> AJÀN>V²>Ÿ&
5. H$d`… amOg^m§ g_mJË` D$Üd©_wIm… A{Vð>Z²>Ÿ&
7. n#mf¡… dmŠ`¡… g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, H$ÞS>^mf`m, Am“²b^mf`m dm CÎma§
ed
{bIVŸ&
1. H$m{bXmg… "H${dHw$bJwé…' B{V H$W§ à{gÕ… A^dV²> B{V {dd¥UwVŸ&
ish
re S {H«$`mH$bmn…
bl
I. EH$dMZo {bIVŸ&
B
pu
be T
CXmhaU_²>  AmgZ² AmgrV²>

K
A^dZ²>
©
AJÀN>Z²>
A`ÀN>Z²>
Anya`Z²>
to
A{Vð>Z²>
t
II. Zm_nX§ - {H«$`mnX§ M n¥WH$²> Hw$éVŸ&

No
npÊS>Vm… - emo^Vo - ~m{bH$m_²>

H$n`… - ûcmoH$_²> - AdXZ²>
Xr`Vo - emIm… - àm`ÀN>V²>
60
CXmhaU_²>  ^ynmb… = Zm_nX_² ; AZ_V²> - {H«$`mnX_²>
H$V¥©nX_²> {H«$`mnX_²>

ed

ish
re S
bl
III. g_yhoVa§ nX§ {bIV&
B

pu
AH$amoV²> - gÝVwï>… - Aní`V²> - AdXV²> =
be T
amOm - H$m{bXmg… - nm{W©d… - ^ynmb… =

K
AmhË` - ÑîQ‰>m - ûcmoH$_²> - lwËdm =

©
Xr`Vo - H$drZ²> - npÊS>Vm… - ~m{bH$m_²> =
IV. BVadMZÛ`§ {bIVŸ&

1. ............. ............. nmXnm…Ÿ&
to
2. Oå~y\$b_²> ............. .............Ÿ&

3. ............. ............. d¥jofwŸ&
t
No
4. H${d… ............. .............Ÿ&

5. ............. emImä`m_²> .............Ÿ&
V. _hoe: H$íMZ ~mb:Ÿ& Vñ` H$pñ_Z²> H$sÑe… ^md: ApñV B{V AÌ
àX{e©V_²Ÿ&
61
VXZwJwU§ dmŠ`m{Z aM`VŸ&
CXm - OZH$: - lÕmŸ& _hoeñ` OZHo$ lÕm ApñVŸ&
1. Aå~m àr{V:Ÿ&
2. AZwO: ñZoh:Ÿ&
3. Áòð>m: AmXa:Ÿ&
ed
4. X[aÐm: H$méÊ`_²>Ÿ&
ish
5. g{Mdm: AmXa:Ÿ&
VI. gáå`ÝVoZ
re S nXoZ [aŠVñWmZ§ nya`VŸ&
bl
B
1. ZmaX: _______ g#ma{VŸ& (bmoH$m:)
pu
be T
2. N>mÌm: _______ ^dpÝVŸ& ({dÚmb`m:)
K
3. nwînm{U _______ gpÝVŸ& (_mbm)

4. ~mbH$m: _______ _½Zm: gpÝVŸ& (H$m`m©{U)
©
5. àm{UZ: _______ ^dpÝVŸ& (dZ_²>)

VII. gáå`ÝVm{ZnXm{Z {MZwVŸ&
CÚmZofw, dZm`, bVm`m_²>
to
H$Wmgw, N>mÌ`mo:, Xoeñ`

{dÚm`m_²>, V¡bofw, H$bm`m:
t
XrnmV²>, aWmZm_²>, XodVmgw

No

62
VIII. CXmhaUmZwJwU§
dmŠ`m{Z aM`VŸ&
{~b
bVm
H$ÝXa
gn©: d¥j g#ma{V&
ed
Jwhm
emIm
ish
re S dZ
bl
CXm - gn©: {~bofw g#ma{VŸ&
B
pu
be T
CÎmam{U {MËdm H$moð>Ho$ {bIVŸ&
 _rZm: AÌ gpÝVŸ&
K
 {dJ«h: AÌ ApñVŸ&
©
 nwñVH$m{Z AÌ gpÝVŸ&
 H$m¡adnmÊS>dmZm§ H$Wm ApñVŸ&
 am_ñ` H$Wm AÌ ApñVŸ&
 _wI_²> AÌ ní`m_:Ÿ&
to
 H«y$a_¥Jm: AÌ gpÝVŸ&
t
_hm^maVo Xn©Uo dZo am_mÙo J«ÝWmbò _pÝXao Obo

No
*****
63
Zd_… nmR>…
gpÝY…
ed
ish
re S
bl
B
pu
be TK
©
dUm©Zm_²> AË`ÝV§ gm_rß`§ g§{hVmŸ& `Ì g§{hVm ^d{V, VÌ Šd{MV² dU©

-ì`Ë``… ^d{VŸ& A`_od gpÝY…Ÿ& gÝYm¡ Ì`… àH$mam… gpÝVŸ&
to
ñdagpÝY… ì`ÄOZgpÝY… {dgJ©gpÝY…

(AM²>) (hb²)
t
No
ñdagpÝY…  (AM²gpÝY…)
`Ì Û`mo … ñda`mo… (AMmo…) g§{hVm, VÌ gpÝYH$m`ª ^d{VŸ& VÌ Šd{MV²>
EH$ñ` dU©ñ` AmXoemo ^d{V Šd{MÀM Û`mo… dU©`mo…Ÿ& A`§ ñdagpÝY… ZmZm{dYmo
^d{VŸ& `Wm -
64
EVofw MVwîd©{n gpÝYfw nyd©ñ` nañ` M ñWmZo EH$mXoe… ^d{VŸ&
1. gdU©XrK©gpÝY… 2. JwUgpÝY…
3. d¥{ÕgpÝY… 4. nyd©ê$ngpÝY…
EV`mo… Û`mo… gÝÜ`mo… nyd©ñ` EH$ñ`¡d dU©ñ` ñWmZo AmXoemo ^d{VŸ&
ed
5. Ù²>gpÝY… 6. `mÝV-dmÝVmXoegpÝY…
1. gdU©XrK©gpÝY…- A-B-C-F$ (õñd-XrK©) EVofm§ dUm©Zm§ gdU} nao Û`mo…
ish
dU©`mo… ñWmZo EH$… gdU©XrK©… Am{Xï>… ^d{VŸ& A`_od "gdU©XrK©gpÝY…Ÿ&'
re S
nyd©nXñ` ApÝV_dU©… + CÎmanXñ` nyd©ñda… = AmXoeñda…
bl
B
A / Am
pu + A / Am = Am
be T
B / B© + B / B© = B©
K
C / D$ + C / D$ = D$
F$ / G$ + F$ / G$ = G$
©
CXmhaUm{Z
1. A + Am = Am Xod + Amb`… = Xodmb`…
A + A = Am JwU + AVrV… = JwUmVrV…
to
Am + Am = Am {dÚm + Amb`… = {dÚmb`…

Am + A = Am {dÚm + AWu = {dÚmWu
t
No
2. B + B = B© {J[a + BÝÐ… = {JarÝÐ…

B + B© = B© a{d + B©e… = adre…
B© + B = B© eMr + BÝÐ… = eMrÝÐ…
B© + B© = B© Jm¡ar + B©e… = Jm¡are…
65
3. C + C = D$ Jwé + CnXoe = Jwê$nXoe…
C + D$ = D$ gmYw + D$Mw… = gmYyMw…
D$ + C = D$ dYy + CËgmh… = dYyËgmh…
D$ + D$ = D$ dYy + D${_©H$m = dYy{_©H$m
4. F$ + F$ = G$ {nV¥ + F$U_²> = {nV¦U_²>
ed
_mV¥ + F$U_²> = _mV¦U_²>
ish
2. JwUgpÝY…
A - Am dU©`mo…, B - B© nao EH$ma… ; A - Am dU©`mo…, C - D$ nao AmoH$ma…;
re S
bl
B
A - Am dU©`mo…, F$ - G$ nao Aa²> AmXoe… M ^d{VŸ& A`§ JwUgpÝY…Ÿ&
pu
be T
K
B / B© = E
A/Am + C / D$ = Amo
©
F$ / G$ = Aa²>
CXmhaUm{Z
1. A + B = E Cn + BÝÐ… = CnoÝÐ…
A + B© = E gwa + B©e… = gwaoe…
to
Am +B = E _hm + BÝÐ… = _hoÝÐ…

Am + B© = E C_m + B©e… = C_oe…
t
No
2. A + C = Amo gy`© + CX`… = gy`m}X`…

A + D$ = Amo Ob + D${_©… = Obmo{_©…
Am +C = Amo J“m + CXH$_²> = J“moXH$_²>
Am + D$ = Amo _hm + D${_©… = _hmo{_©…
66
3. A + F$ = Aa²> Xod + F${f… = Xod{f©…
Am + F$ = Aa²> _hm + F${f… = _h{f©…
3. d¥{ÕgpÝY…
A - Am dU©`mo…, E Eo H$ma`mo… na`mo… EoH$ma… ; A - Am dU©`mo… Amo
ed
- Am¡$ nao Am¡H$ma… M AmXoe… ^d{VŸ& A`§ d¥{ÕgpÝY…Ÿ&
ish
E / Eo = Eo
A/Am +
re S
bl
Amo / Am¡ = Am¡
B
pu
CXmhaUm{Z
be TK
1. A + E = Eo EH$ + EH$_²> = EH¡$H$_²

A + Eo = Eo Aï> + Eoœ`©_² = Aï>¡œ`©_²
©
Am + E = Eo grVm + Efm = grV¡fm

Am + Eo = Eo AmË_m + EoŠ`_² = AmË_¡Š`_²
2. A + Amo = Am¡ dZ + Amof{Y… = dZm¡f{Y…
to
A + Am¡ = Am¡ {Xì` + Am¡fY_²> = {Xì`m¡fY_²>

Am + Amo = Am¡ J“m + AmoK… = J“m¡K…
t
No
Am + Am¡ = Am¡ _hm + Am¡ËgwŠ`_² = _hm¡ËgwŠ`_²

4. nyd©ê$ngpÝY…
nXmÝVo {dÚ_mZ`mo… E - Amo dU©`mo… nao AH$ma… ^d{V MoV²>, nyd©na`mo…
ñWmZo nyd©ê$n_² EH$mXoe… ^d{VŸ& AWm©V² õñd… AH$ma… bwß`VoŸ& boIZmdgao
67
"A' dUª gyM{`Vw_² "@' B{V AdJ«h{M•_²> Cn`wÁ`VoŸ& A`§ "nyd©ê$ngpÝY…'Ÿ&
nyd©nXñ` ApÝV_ñda… + CÎmanXñ` nyd©ñda… = AmXoeñda…
E = E (@)
+ A
Amo = Amo (@)
ed
E + A = E (@) hao + Ad = hao@d
ish
Amo + A = Amo (@) am_mo + AdXV²> = am_mo@dXV²>
5. Ù²>gpÝY… `²> - d² - a² - b² dUm©Zm§ "Ù²' B{V Zm_Ÿ&

re S
bl
B
B - B©, C - D$, F$ - G$, b¥ dUm©Zm_² AgdU} ñdao nao B - B©H$mañ`
pu
be T
ñWmZo "`²' dU©…, C - D$H$mañ` ñWmZo "d²²' dU©…, F$ - G$H$mañ` ñWmZo
"a²'dU©…, b¥H$mañ` ñWmZo "b²' B{V dU©… Am{Xï>… ^d{VŸ& A`§ "Ù²'gpÝY…Ÿ&
K
nyd©nXñ` ApÝV_dU©… + CÎmanXñ` nyd©dU©… = AmXoedU©…

©
B / B© = `²
C / D$ + AgdU©ñda… = d²
F$ / G$ = a²
b¥ = b²
to
CXmhaUm{Z 
t
1. B + A = ` A{V + Aën… = AË`ën…

No
B© + C = ` dmUr + CÎm_… = dmÊ`wÎm_…

C + A = d _Zw + AÝVa_²> = _ÝdÝVa_²>
D$ + A = d dYy + Ab‘>ma… = dÜdb‘>ma…
F$ + A = a {nV¥ + AW©_²> = {nÌW©_²>
68
Aä`mg…
1. JUoe… 2. J“moXH$_² 3. eMrÝÐ…
4. dZm¡H$g… 5. àËòH$_²
ed
2. g§`moÁ` gpÝYZm_ {bIVŸ&
1. Jm¡ar + B©e… 2. _hm + CËgd…
ish
3. EH$ + EH$_²> 4. A{V + CÎm_…
5. am_mo + A{n 6. Jwé + Am{X…
re S
bl
B
pu AdYo`m§e…
be T
6. `mÝV-dmÝVmXoegpÝY…
K
E-Amo-Eo-Am¡ B{V EVofm§ dUm©Zm§ ñWmZo ñdao nao A`²> - Ad² - Am`² -
©
Amd² B{V EVo AmXoem… H«$_e… ^dpÝVŸ& A`§ `mÝV-dmÝVmXoegpÝY…Ÿ&

nyd©nXñ` ApÝV_dU©… + CÎmanXñ` nyd©ñda…= AmXoeñda…
E = A`²
Amo = Ad²
+ ñda…
to
Eo = Am`²
Am¡ = Amd²
t
No
CXmhaUm{Z
E + E = A`²> hao + E = haò
Amo + E = Ad²> {dîUmo + E = {dîUdo
Eo + A = Am`²> Z¡ + AH$… = Zm`H$…
Am¡ + A = Amd²> nm¡ + AH$… = nmdH$…
69
{H«$`mH$bmn…
{d^Á` gpÝYZm_ {bIVŸ&
1) dYyËgmh… ............. + ............. = .............
2) nyUm©`w… ............. + ............. = .............
ed
3) _hoe… ............. + ............. = .............
ish
4) _hmoËgd… ............. + ............. = .............
re S
bl
5) ~«÷{f©… ............. + ............. = .............
B
pu
be T
6) VÌ¡H$… ............. + ............. = .............
K
7) AÝVo@{n ............. + ............. = .............

©
8) gmo@`_²> ............. + ............. = .............

9) AË`mXa… ............. + ............. = .............
10) Xmñ`namY… ............. + ............. = .............
to
11) VÝdre… ............. + ............. = .............

t
12) dÜdoH$mÝV… ............. + ............. = .............

No
13) {nÌmkm… ............. + ............. = .............
70
g§`moÁ` gpÝYZm_ {bIVŸ&
nyd©nX_² + CÎmanX_² = g§`wŠV nX_² = gpÝYZm_
1. Jm¡ar + B©e… = ............... = ...............
2. dYy + D${_©H$m = ............... = ...............
ed
3. Jwé + CŠV_²> = ............... = ...............
ish
4. _hm + D${_©… = ............... = ...............
5. Ob + CËn{Îm… = ............... = ...............
re S
bl
B
6. X{Y + AmoXZ_²> = ............... = ...............
pu
be T
7. A{V + CÎm_… = ............... = ...............

K
8. dYy + Aï>H$_²> = ............... = ...............

©
9. {nV¥ + Amü`©_²> = ............... = ...............

10. g¡Ý`ñ` + Cn[a> = ............... = ...............
11. VWm + A{n> = ............... = ...............
to
12. OmVmo + A{g> = ............... = ...............

t
13. `{X + A{n> = ............... = ...............

No
*****
71
Xe_… nmR>…
Jwd©ï>H$_²
ed
ish
re S
bl
B
pu
be TK
to
t©
No
eara§ gwê$n§ VWm dm H$bÌ_²>

èíMmé {MÌ§ YZ§ _oéVwë`_²>Ÿ&
_ZíMoÞ b½Z§ Jwamoa{”«nÙo
VV… qH$ VV… qH$ VV… qH$ VV… {H$_²>Ÿ&& 1Ÿ&&
72
H$bÌ§ YZ§ nwÌnm¡Ìm{X gd©_²>
J¥h§ ~mÝYdm… gd©_oV{Õ OmV_²Ÿ&
VV… {H$§ VV… qH$ VV… qH$ VV… {H$_²Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
ed
fS>“m{XdoXmo _wIo emñÌ{dÚm
H${dËdm{X JÚ§ gwnÚ§ H$amo{VŸ&
ish
VV… {H$§ VV… qH$ VV… qH$ VV… {H$_²Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&
re S
bl
B
{dXoeofw _mÝ`… ñdXoeofw YÝ`…
pu
gXmMmad¥Îmofw _Îmmo Z MmÝ`…Ÿ&
be T

K
VV… {H$§ VV… qH$ VV… qH$ VV… {H$_²Ÿ&&4&&

©
j_m_ÊS>bo ^yn^ynmbd¥ÝX¡…
gXm go{dV§ `ñ` nmXma{dÝX_²>Ÿ&
to

èmo _o JV§ {Xjw XmZàVmnmV²>
t
No
OJÛñVw gdª H$ao `ËàgmXmV²>Ÿ&

73
Z ^moJo Z `moJo Z dm dm{OamOm¡
Z H$mÝVm_wIo Z¡d {dÎmofw {MÎm_²>Ÿ&
AaÊò Zdm ñdñ` Joho Z H$mò©
ed
Z Xoho _Zmo dV©Vo _o ËdZ¿`}Ÿ&
ish
re SVV… {H$§ VV… qH$ VV… qH$ VV… {H$_²Ÿ&&8&&
bl
Jwamoaï>H§$ `… nR>oËnwÊ`Xohr
B
`{V^y©n{V~«©÷Mmar M JohrŸ&
pu
be T
bôÛmpÄN>VmWª nX§ ~«÷g§k_²>

K
JwamoéŠVdmŠò _Zmo `ñ` b¾_²> Ÿ&&9&&

©
AÝd`mW©…
1. gwê$n_²> = gwemo^Z§ ê$n_²
eara_² = Xoh…, VWm = Ed_², H$bÌ_² = nËZr
Mmé{MÌ§ è… dm = AZwn_H$s{V©… (CËH¥$ï>H$s{V©gå_mZZm{XH§$ M)
to
_oéVwë`§ YZ_² = _oénd©VgÑe§ YZ_² (à^yV§ YZ_²), (BË`m{XH$_² ApñV

MoX{n)> _Z… = _{V… ({MÎm_²)
t
No
Jwamoa{”«nÙo = gÒþéMaUH$_bo, Z b½Z_² = AmgŠV§ Z ^d{V MoV²

VV… {H$_² = AZÝVa§ {H$_² ? (gdm}@{n ì`W©…)
2. H$bÌ_² = Om`m, YZ_² = Eoœ`©_²,
nwÌnm¡Ìm{Xgd©_² = gwV…, nwÌñ` nwÌ… BË`m{X gd©_², J¥h_² = gXZ_²,
74
~mÝYdm… = ~ÝYw{_ÌmX`…, EV{Õ gd©_² = BË`m{XH§$ gd©_²,
OmV_² = àmá_²Ÿ&
(VWm{n JwéMaUo _mZg§> `{X AZmgŠV§ V{h© VV… na§ {H$_²> ApñVŸ?)
3. fS>“m{XdoX… = gm“doX^mJ…
M = VWm
ed
emó{dÚm = AÝ`m{Z emñÌm{U M _wIo = ñddXZo gpÝVŸ&
ish
H${dËdm{XJÚ§ gwnÚ_² = JÚ-nÚmË_H$_² CÎm_H$mìàMZmgm_Ï`©_²
H$amo{V = aM`{V, (AWm{n .............)
re S
bl
B
4. {dXoeofw = XoemÝVaofw, _mÝ`… = àe§gmh©…
pu
be T
ñdXoeofw = ñdr`Xoeofw, YÝ`… = YÝ`Vm^md…
K
gXmMmad¥Îmofw = CÎm_ofw AmMma{dfòfw, _Îmmo = __mnoj`m

©
Z MmÝ`… = AÝ`… H$mo@{n ZmpñVŸ& (B{V `… {MÝV`{V Vñ`)

(VWm{n ...........)
5. `ñ` = npÊS>Vñ`, nmXma{dÝX_² = MaUH$_b_²
j_m_ÊS>bo = {dñV¥V^yàXoeo. ^yn^ynmbd¥ÝX¡… = amOm{YamOà^¥{V{^…
to
gXm = gd©Xm, go{dV_² = A{M©V_²Ÿ& (AWm{n .............)

t
6. XmZàVmnmV² = XmZY_m©{Xà^mdmV², _o = __
No
è… = H$s{V©…, {Xjw JV_² = nydm©{X{X½ì`má_²

OJÛñVw gd©_² = àn#mo {dÚ_mZ§ g_ñV§ dñVw
`ËàgmXmV² = `ñ` Jwamo… à^mdmV², H$ao = ñdhñVJV_² (MoX{n......)
75
7. {MÎm_² = _Z…, ^moJo = bm¡{H$H$gwIo
Z = ZmpñV Ed_², `moJo Z = `moJmä`mgm{X{dfòfw ZmpñV,
dm = AWdm, dm{OamOm¡ Z = loð>VwaJm{Xnewì`dhmam{Xfw ZmpñV
H$mÝVm_wIo Z = Om`m_wImÝdofUo Amg{ŠV… ZmpñV
{dÎmofw Z = Eoœ`m©{Xfw ZmpñV, (AWm{n .............)
ed
8. _o = __, _Z… = {MÎm_², AaÊò Z = dZm{X{dfòfw ZmpñV,
ñdñ` Joho = ñdr`J¥ho ZmpñV, H$m`} Z = H$_©gw ZmpñV,
AZ¿`} Xoho Z = CÎm_earao ZmpñV, (Ed_² EVofw dñVwfw Cnojm^mdZm§
ish
àmß`m{n ......)
re S
9. `… nwÊ`Xohr = nyd©nwÊ`à^mdoU `… lÕmdmZ²,
bl
B
`{V… = g§Ý`mgml_§ n[aJ¥hrVdmZ² {^jw…, ^yn{V… = _hmamO…
pu
be T
~«÷Mmar M = dQw>… M, Johr = J¥hñWmo dm
Jwd©ï>H$_² = Jwd©ï>H$ñVmoÌ_², nR>oV² = JmòV² (_ZZ§ Hw$`m©V²)
K
`ñ` _Z… = `ñ` {MÎm_²>, JwamoéŠVdmŠò = gÒþégÝXoeo `{X,

©
b½Z_² = g§b½Z§ ^d{V V{h© g…, dmpÄN>VmW©_² = _Zmo@^rï>H$m_mZ²,

~«÷g§k_² = na~«÷nX§ M, bôV² = àmßZmo{VŸ&
H${dH$mì`{dMma:
aM{`Vm - OJÒþé… lr e‘>amMm`©…
to
H$mb… - {H«$. e. 788 - 820

Xoe… - Ho$abamÁ`ñ` H$mb{Q>:
t
No
H¥$V`… - àñWmZÌ`ñ` ^mî`_²>

(^JdÒrVm, Cn{ZfV²>, ~«÷gyÌm{U)
{ddoH$MyS>m_{U…, gm¡ÝX`©bhar,
{edmZÝXbhar, ÔJmo{dÝXñVmoÌ_²> BË`mX`…Ÿ&
76
Aä`mg…
1. eara_²> 2. YZ_² 3. _Z… 4. nmX…
5. H$bÌ_² 6. è…
ed
1. nwÌ… 2. YÝ`… 3. AÝ`… 4. _mÝ`…
ish
1. {dÚm 2. ñdXoeofw 3. ^ynmbd¥ÝX¡… 4. àVmnmV²> 5. `moJo
re S
4. g§`moO`VŸ&
bl
B
A Am
1. _wIo _oéVwë`_²>
pu
be T
2. eara_² emó{dÚm
K
3. ñdXoeofw gwê$n_²
©
4. H$a§ YÝ`…
5. YZ_² OJÛñVw
5. n#mf¡… dmŠ`¡… H$ÞS>^mf`m, Am“²b^mf`m, g§ñH¥$V^mf`m dm CÎma§
{bIVŸ&
1. Jwamo… _{h_mZ§ dU©`VŸ&
to
AdYo`m§e…
t
lw{V - ñ_¥{V - nwamUmZm_² Amb`§ H$éUmb`_²

No
Z_m{_ ^JdËnmX§ e‘>a§ bmoH$e‘>a_² &&

Aï>df} MVwd}Xr - ÛmXeo gd©emó{dV² &
fmooS>eo H¥$VdmZ² - ^mî`§ ÛmqÌeo _w{Zaä`JmV² &&
*****
77
n#m_r{d^{ŠV…
ŠVdVwàË``… M
EH$mXe… nmR>…
Xwamem\$b_²>
ed
ish
re S
bl
B
pu
be TK
©
1. nydª nmQ>brnwÌZJao _{U^ÐZm_H$… d{UH$²> AmgrV²Ÿ& H$mbmÝVao {d{YdemV²

g… AVrd {ZY©Z… A^dV²Ÿ& Xm[aÐçH$maUmV² AË`ÝV§ {IÞ… g… "àmUË`mJ§
to
H$amo{_' B{V {ZU©`_² AH$amoV²Ÿ&

t
2. {H$ÝVw Vpñ_Z² {XZo g… H${#mV² ñdßZ§ Ñï>dmZ²Ÿ& ñdßZo H${#mV² jnUH§$ g…

No
Aní`V²Ÿ& g… jnUH$… _{U^Ð_² CŠVdmZ² - ""^mo…, _{U^Ð ! Ah§

^dV… nyd©O¡… gånm{XV… {Z{Y… Apñ_Ÿ& __ Zm_ nÙ{Z{Y…Ÿ& Ah§ ^dV…
J¥h_² AmJÝVw_² BÀN>m{_Ÿ& àmV… jnUH$ê$noU AmJ{_î`m{_Ÿ& ^dmZ² XÊS>oZ
__ {ea{g VmS>`VwŸ& VXm Ah§ H$ZH$_`… ^yËdm Ajæ`… ^{dî`m{_''
78
B{VŸ& ñdßZmV² _{U^Ð… AVrd gÝVwï>… A^dV²Ÿ& AZÝVa§ g… e`ZmV²
CpËWVdmZ²Ÿ&
3. ñdßZmoº$arË`m H$píMV² jnUH$… àmV… _{U^Ðñ` J¥h_² AmJVdmZ²Ÿ&
_{U^Ð… A{n XÊS>oZ V§ jnUH§$ {ea{g AVmS>`V²Ÿ& VXm jnUH$…
ed
H$ZH$_`… ^yËdm ^y_m¡ n{VVdmZ²Ÿ& _{U^Ð… gdª H$ZH§$ J¥hñ` AÝV… ZrVdmZ²Ÿ&
4. AÌmÝVao Ana… H$píMV² Zm{nV… VÌ AmJVdmZ²Ÿ& àd¥Îm§ gd©_{n Ñï>dmZ²
ish
MŸ& EVV² kmËdm _{U^Ð… Zm{nV§ J¥hñ` AÝV… Amhÿ` - ""{_ÌŸ& AÌ
re S
BXmZt ^dVm `V² Ñï>§ VV² AÝ`Ì Hw$Ìm{n Z dXVw'' BË`wŠËdm Vñ_¡
bl
B
Cnm`Zê$noU {H${#mV² YZ§ XÎmdmZ²Ÿ&
pu
be T
5. Zm{nV… ñdJ¥h§ JËdm {MpÝVVdmZ²-"jnUH$mZ² XÊS>oZ VmS>`m{_ MoV² Ah_²

K
A{n H$ZH$`wV… ^{dî`m{_' B{VŸ&

©
6. AZÝVa{XZo àmV…H$mbo g… Zm{nV… jnUH$-{dhma_² AJÀN>V²Ÿ& VÌË`mZ²

gdm©Z² A{n jnUH$mZ² C{Ôí`-""^dÝV… AÚ _Ü`m•o ^moOZmWª __ J¥h_²
AmJÀN>ÝVw'' B{V àmW©Zm_² AH$amoV²Ÿ& jnUH$m… gÝVmofoU Vñ` dMZ_²
A“rH¥$Ë` Zm{nVñ` J¥h§ JVdÝV…Ÿ& Zm{nV… Ûma§ {nYm` XÊS>oZ Vofm§
to
{ea{g AVmS>`V²Ÿ& jnUH$m… ^`mV² H$mobmhb§ H¥$VdÝV…Ÿ& H$mobmhb§ lwËdm

amO^Q>m… VÌ AmJVdÝV…Ÿ& Vo Zm{nV§ Ý`m`mb`§ ZrVdÝV…Ÿ&
t
No
7. Ý`m`mbò Ý`m`mYre… Zm{nV§ n¥ï>dmZ² - ""{H$_Wª ^dmZ² jnUH$mZ²

Vm{S>VdmZ²?'' B{VŸ& Zm{nV… _{U^Ðñ` J¥ho Ñï>§ gd©_² A{n CŠVdmZ²Ÿ&
Ý`m`mYre… _{U^Ð_² Amhÿ` Vñ` _wImV² gdª d¥ÎmmÝV§ kmVdmZ²Ÿ&
Xwamemnr{S>V§ V§ Zm{nV§ eyb_² Amamo{nVdmZ² MŸ&
79
H${d… - {dîUwe_m©
H$mb… - {H«$. ny. {ÛVrèVH$_²>
Xoe… - _{hbmamoß`ZJa_²>Ÿ& Ef… A_aeŠVo… AmñWmZo AmgrV²>Ÿ&
H¥${V… - n#mVÝÌ_²>Ÿ& AÌ n#m VÝÌm{U gpÝVŸ&
ed
1. {_ÌôX… 2. {_Ìgåàm{á…
3. H$mH$mobyH$s`_²> 4. bãYàUme…
ish
5. Anar{jVH$maH$_²>
re S Aä`mg…
bl
B
pu
be TK
1. nmQ>brnwÌZJao H$… AmgrV² ?

©
2. _{U^Ð… {H$_Wª {IÞ… A^dV² ?

3. _{U^Ð… ñdßZo H$_² Aní`V² ?
4. _{U^Ð… jnUH§$ {H$_² AH$amoV² ?
2. H$moð>H$mV²> C{MV§ nX§ {MËdm [aŠVñWmZm{Z nya`VŸ&

to
1. .............. _{U^Ð… AVrd {ZY©Z… A^dV²Ÿ&

t
({d{YdemV², {d{Yde_²)
No
2. "nÙ{Z{Y…' B{V ............. Zm_Ÿ&

(Zm{nVñ`, {ZYo…)
3. Zm{nV… ................ H$mbo jnUH${dhma_² AJÀN>V²Ÿ&
(am{Ì, àmV…)
80
3. g§`moÁ` gpÝYZm_ {bIVŸ&
1. Hw$Ì + A{n = 2. VWm + Ed = 3. ñdßZ + CŠV_²> =
1. {IÞ… 2. H$ZH$_²> 3. {ea… 4. J¥h_²
ed
5. bH$ma-nwéf-dMZm{Z {bIVŸ&
1. H$amo{_ 2. ^{dî`m{_ 3. VmS>`Vw
ish
6. KQ>ZmZwH«$_oU {bIVŸ&
re S
bl
1. amO^Q>m… Zm{nV§ Ý`m`mb`§ ZrVdÝV: &
B
2. pu Zm{nV… jnUH${dhma_² AJÀN>V²Ÿ&
be T
3. _{U^Ð… ñdßZ§ Ñï>dmZ²Ÿ&

K
4. Zm{nV… jnUH$mZm§ {ea{g XÊS>oZ AVmS>`V²Ÿ&

©
5. jnUH$… _{U^Ðñ` J¥h_² AmJVdmZ²Ÿ&

6. nmQ>brnwÌZJao _{U^ÐZm_H$… d{UH$² AmgrV²Ÿ&
7. `Wm{ZX}e_wÎma§ {bIVŸ&
to
1. Ah§ ^dV… nyd©O¡… gånm{XV… {Z{Y… Apñ_Ÿ&

H$… nmR>… ? H$… AdXV²> ? H$_²> AdXV²> ?
t
2. ^dÝV… _Ü`m•o ^moOZmW©_²> AmJÀN>ÝVw&

No
H$… nmR>… ? H$… AdXV²> ? H$mZ²> AdXV²> ?

3. {H$_Wª ^dmZ²> jnUH$mZ²> Vm{S>VdmZ²> ?
H$… nmR>… ? H$… AdXV²> ? H$_²> AdXV²> ?
81
8. {déÕmW©H§$ nX§ {bIVŸ&
1. àmV… 2. gÝVwï>… 3. AÝV…
9. n#mf¡… dmŠ`¡… H$ÞS>^mf`m, Am“²b^mf`m, g§ñH¥$V^mf`m dm CÎma§
{bIVŸ&
ed
1. _{U^Ð… H$W§ gwdUª àmádmZ² ?
2. amO^Q>m… Zm{nV§ {H$_Wª Ý`m`mb`§ ZrVdÝV… ?
ish
re S AdYo`m§e…
bl
AYrVo ` BX§ {ZË`§§ Zr{Vemó§ ûm¥Umo{V M
B
pu
Z nam^d_mßZmo{V eH«$mX{n H$XmMZ &&
be TK
{H«$`mH$bmn…
©
1. CXmhaUmZwJwU§ dmŠ`§ aM`VŸ&

CXm - \$b§ d¥j… nV{VŸ& 7
\$b§ d¥jmV²> nV{VŸ& 3
1. gwYmIÊS>: hñV: nV{VŸ&
to
2. Ob_²> AmH$me: nV{VŸ&

t
3. AÜ`m{nH$m nwñVH$mb`: AmJÀN>{VŸ&

No
4. _yfH$: {~b_²> {ZJ©ÀN>{VŸ&

5. ZmaX: AmH$me: AdVa{VŸ&
6. Ob§ Hw$å^: òd{VŸ&
82
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ed
6.
ish
2. CXmhaUmZwJwU§ dmŠ`§ aM`VŸ&
re S
CXm - h[aU: ì`mK«mV²> {~ô{VŸ& 3
bl
B
pu h[aU: ì`mK«ñ` {~ô{VŸ& 7
be T
1. ~mbH$: qgh: {~ô{VŸ&

K
2. _mOm©a: ewZH$: {~ô{VŸ&

©
3. Y{ZH$: Mmoa: {dô{VŸ&

4. Mmoa: AmajH$: {~ô{VŸ&
5. eÌw: g¡{ZH$: {~ô{VŸ&
to
1.
2.
t
3.
No
4.
5.
*****
83
fð>r{d^{ŠV…
ÛmXe… nmR>…
{gÕ^y{_… {gÕJ“m
ed
ish
re S
bl
B
pu
be TK
©
nr{R>H$m -
Añ_mH§$ Xoeo gd©Ì nwÊ`joÌm{U, n{dÌVrWm©{Z, {d{dYm{Z _pÝXam{U M
emo^ÝVoŸ& H$Um©Q>H$amÁò Vw_Hy$é_ÊS>bo lr {gÕJ“mjoÌ{_{V à»`mV§ n{dÌ§ joÌ§
to
dV©VoŸ& BX§ Y_©gÝXoeñ` nwÊ`Ym_Ÿ& Apñ_Z²> n{dÌo n[agao gd©Xm AÜ`mË_{MÝVZ§

kmZàgma…, AÞXmZ§, Ym{_©H$moËgdmXr{Z {d{dYm{Z gËH$_m©{U M àMbpÝVŸ&
t
No
Añ` lrjoÌñ` _hÎd_²> AÌ {Zê${nV_²Ÿ&

1) àm`… fQ>²eVdf}ä`… àmH$² lrjoÌ§ g§ñWm{nV_²Ÿ& na_Vnñdr lr
Jmogb{gÕoœa… nwam AÌ Vn… AmM[aVdmZ²Ÿ& g… AÝ`ñ` VnpñdZ…
ObV¥îUm§ {Zdma{`Vw_² BÀN>Z² ñdhñVoZ {ebm`m… ñneª H¥$VdmZ²& VXm
84
P{Q>{V VV… Ob§ ~{h… AmJV_²Ÿ& VoZ OboZ g… ñdm{_d`©… gÝV¥á…Ÿ&
VXmaä`Ÿ VV² ñWmZ§ {gÕJ“m BËòd à»`mV_²Ÿ&
2) lrjoÌoU àmW{_H${ejUV… VÝÌkmZ{ejUn`©ÝV§ gd}fw ñVaofw {dÚmb`m…
g§ñWm{nVm…Ÿ& àm¡T>embm…, nXdr_hm{dÚmb`m…, VmpÝÌH$_hm{dÚmb`m…,
à{ejU_hm{dÚmb`…, AÝYmZm§ embm, {dH$bm“mZm§ {dÚmb`… X¡{hH$-
ed
{ejU_hm{dÚmb`… M lrjoÌoU AmaãYm…Ÿ& g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m… àgmamWª
qde{V… g§ñH¥$VnmR>embm… ñWm{nVm…Ÿ& emó{ejUmWª _hm{dÚmb`…
ish
A{n à{Vð>m{nV…Ÿ& g§ñWm`m… gdm©gw àm¡T>embmgw g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m… ~moYZ§
re S
àMb{VŸ& {gÕJ“mgå~Õm… 125 {dÚmg§ñWm… gpÝV AÚŸ&
bl
B
3) g§ñH¥$V{ejUñ` H¥$Vo `moJXmZ_²> -
pu
be T
{H«$.e. 1917 V_o df} lr CÔmZ{ed`mo{JZ… g§ñH¥$VnmR>embm`m… Amaå^_²

K
AHw$d©Z²Ÿ& V`m gh N>mÌmdmgñ` Amaå^mo@{n H¥$V…Ÿ& AÚ Aï>ghòm{YH$m…

©
N>mÌm… AÌ¡d C{fËdm AÜ``Z§ Hw$d©pÝVŸ& {H«$.e. 1937 V_o df}

g§ ñ H¥ V _hm{dÚmb`ñ` Amaå^… A^dV² Ÿ & AÌ àW_mH$ú`mV…
{dÛV²H$ú`mn`©ÝV§ gd©ñVar`g§ñH¥$V{ejUñ` ì`dñWm àH$pënVm dV©VoŸ&
AÌ doXnmR>embm A{n gwemo^VoŸ& à{Vdfª g§ñH¥$VmoËgd… _hVm d¡^doZ
to
AmM`©VoŸ& {dXwfm§ gå_mZZ_² A{n {H«$`VoŸ&

4) H$_©`mo{JZ… S>mŸ&& {edHw$_mañdm{_Z… 03-03-1930 V… Amaä`
t
No
lr {gÕJ“m_R>ñ` nrR>mYrem… ^yËdm {damOÝVoŸ& EVofm§ Or{dVgmYZ§

eãX¡… dU©{`Vw§ Z eŠ`VoŸ& {deofV… EVofm§ {Ì{dYXmZ§ ñ_aUr`_²Ÿ& `Wm
AÞXmZ_², kmZXmZ_², Y_©XmZ_² M B{VŸ& Aï>ghòm` N>mÌoä`… à{V{XZ§
àgmX… Xr`VoŸ& AÌË`m_² AÞXmZnÕqV gd} JÊ`m… ~hþYm àe§gpÝVŸ&
85
lr ~gdoídañ` H«$mpÝV`moJ…, lr {gÕam_ñ` H$_©`moJ…, lr A„_à^mo…
d¡am½`_² EVofm§ g“_… ñdm{_Zm§ OrdZo Ñí`VoŸ& amï´>ñ` CÞË`¡ EVofm§
`moJXmZ§ gd£… AZwH$aUr`_²Ÿ&
5) ñdm{_Zm§ Xe©Z^m½`§ Vw gd}fm_² A{n ^ŠVmZm§ gd©Xm dV©VoŸ& EVofm§
ñ_aUe{ŠV… AgmYmaUrŸ& gm¡OÝ`_y{V©…, bmoH${hV{MÝVH$…, VÎd{ddoH$s,
ed
AÜ`mË_{Zð>…, gd©Y_©g_^mdr, MbZerb… B{V M EVo à»`mVm…Ÿ&
na_nyÁ`mZm§ S>mŸ&& lr {edHw$_mañdm{_Zm§ OrdZ§ g_mOñ` AmXe©^yV§
ish
dV©VoŸ&
re S
bl
Ed§ lr {gÕJ“mjoÌ§ n{dÌjoÌofw AÝ`V_§ dV©Vo & d`§ gd} àË`jV…
B
lrjoÌ§ JËdm lr lrJwê$Um§ Xe©Z§ H¥$Ëdm YÝ`m… ^do_Ÿ&
pu
be T
Aä`mg…
K
©
1. Am_²> / Z B{V {bIVŸ&

`Wm - lram_ñ` nËZr grVmŸ& Am_²>
1. àm`… fQ²>eVdf}ä`… àmH$²> lrjoÌ_maãY_²>Ÿ&
2. ñdm{_d`©… ñdhñVoZ d¥jñ` ñneª H¥$VdmZ²>Ÿ&
to
3. S>mŸ&& {edHw$_mañdm{_Z… BXmZrÝVZnrR>mYrem… gpÝVŸ&

4. lr~gdoídañ` H$_©`moJ… AVrd à{gÕ…Ÿ&
t
No
2. aoIm{‘>VnXmZ² Am{lË` àíZ{Z_m©U§ Hw$éVŸ&

1. g§ñH¥$Vñ` AÜ``ZmWª nmR>embm… ñWm{nVm…Ÿ&
2. {H«$.e. 1917 V_o df} g§ñH¥$VnmR>embm`m… Amaå^… A^dV²>&
3. {gÕJ“mjoÌo doXnmR>embm A{n gwemo^VoŸ&
86
4. AÞXmZ{dfò S>mŸŸ&& lr {edHw$_mañdm{_Z… à{gÕm… gpÝVŸ&
5. nmR>embmgw g§ñH¥$V{ejU§ àMb{V &
3. {b“-{d^{ŠV-dMZm{Z {bIV &
1. {dÚmb`… 2. Ob_² 3. ^mfm`m: 4. N>mÌm…
ed
1. lr ~gdoída… - H«$mpÝV`moJ… ; lr A„_à^w… ..............Ÿ&
ish
2. nrR>mYremZm§ - _R>… ; N>mÌmUm_² ..............Ÿ&
3. _¡gyé - _hmZJa_² ; {gÕJ“m .............Ÿ&
re S
bl
4. nwéfmWm©… - MËdma… ; XmZm{Z .............Ÿ&
B
5. JwédÝXZ_² - à{Vdf©_² ; AÞXmZ_² ..............Ÿ&
pu
be T
K
1. N>mÌ… 2. AÞ_²> 3. {ed…

©
1. n{dÌ_² 2. ôX… 3. ñ_aU_²
7. g§`moÁ` {bIV&
to
A Am
1. {dXwfm_²> àW_m
t
2. eãX¡… {ÛVr`m
No
3. H$_©`moJ_² gá_r
4. Vnñdr fð>r
5. ^ŠVofw V¥Vr`m
MVwWu
87
8. n#mf¡… dmŠ`¡… CÎma§ g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, H$ÞS>^mf`m, Am“²b ^mf`m dm
{bIV
1. {gÕJ“mjoÌo J“m`m… CØd…Ÿ&
2. g§ñH¥$V{ejUo lrjoÌñ` `moJXmZ_²>Ÿ&
AdYo`m§e…
ed
joÌñ` {deofVm -
ish
* lr {gÕ{b“oídañdm{_Z… _pÝXa_²
re S
* J“m_mVw… Xe©Z_² (ñd`_od CØÿVm)
bl
B
* Jmoembm, _hVr H$ë`mUrŸ&
pu
be T
* pñWadñVwàXe©Z_²Ÿ&
K
* {XZo {Ûdma§ N>mÌmUm§ gm_y{hH$àmW©Zm

©
{H«$`mH$bmn…
1. C{MV¡: nX¡: [aŠVñWmZm{Z nya`VŸ&
1. dmë_r{H$: (am_mÙ_²>) ................ aM{`VmŸ&
to
2. H$m{bXmg: (aKwd§e_²>) ............... aM{`VmŸ&

3. ì`mg: (_hm^maV_²>) ............... aM{`VmŸ&
t
No
4. ~mU: (H$mXå~arJ«ÝW…) ............... aM{`VmŸ&

5. {dîUwe_m© (n#mVÝÌ_²>) .............. aM{`Vm
6. ZmamÙnpÊS>V: ({hVmonXoe:) .............. aM{`VmŸ&
88
2. g§`moO`VŸ&
H$ I CÎmam{U
1. EVñ` Vofm_²>
2. ^ŠVñ` Añ_mH$_²>
3. na_nyÁ`ñ` EVofm_²>
ed
4. Vñ` ^ŠVmZm_²>
ish
5. __ na_nyÁ`mZm_²>
re S
3. H$ñ` Cn[a {H$_²> ApñV B{V {bIVŸ&
bl
B
`Wm - am_mÙñ` Cn[a _hm^maV_²> ApñVŸ&
pu
be T
n#mVÝÌ_²> 1. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&

K
Zr{VeVH$_²> 2. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&

©
{hVmonXoe… 3. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&

nwamU_²> 4. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&
Zr{VH$Wm 5. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&
^mJdV_² 6. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&
to
aKwd§e_² 7. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&

t
^JdÒrVm 8. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&

No
_hm^maV_² 9. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&

am_mÙ_² 10. ........... Cn[a ........... ApñVŸ&
(Ed_{n dmŠ`m{Z H$Vwª eŠ`Vo - CXm - n#mVÝÌñ` AY: Zr{VeVH$_²> ApñV&)

89
4. CXmhaUmZwgma§ [aŠVñWmZ§ nya`VŸ&
`Wm-(H$mdoarZXr) H$mdoarZÚm… Vrao lra§JnÎmZ§
1. (A`moÜ`m) ............. amOm XeaW…Ÿ&
2. (XeaW:) ............. MËdma… nwÌm…Ÿ&
ed
3. (àW_:) ............. Zm_ am_…Ÿ&
ish
4. ({ÛVr`:) ............. Zm_ âV…Ÿ&
5. (grVm) ............. n{V… lram_…Ÿ&
re S
bl
B
6. (Ah_²) ............. EVV² nwñVH$_²Ÿ&
pu
be T
7. (Y_©amO…) ............. AZwO… ^r_…Ÿ&

K
8. (EH$bì`…) ............. Jwé…ÐmoUmMm`©…Ÿ&

©
9. (JUoe…) ............. Efm embmŸ&

10. (aoIm) ............. AJ«O… gwaoe…&
to
*****
t
No
90
Ì`moXe… nmR>…
npÊS>V^mñH$a…
ed
ish
re S
bl
B
pu
be TK
©
nr{R>H$m - ^maV^y{_… ~hÿZm§ _hmnwéfmUm§ OÝ_^y{_…Ÿ& AÌ OmVm… ~hd…

AZoHo$fw joÌofw n[aUVm… gpÝVŸ& VÌ g§ñH¥$VjoÌo AJ«JÊ`… {dÛmZ²> a“ZmWe_m©Ÿ&
to
1. H$Um©Q>Ho$fw {ed_mo½Jm_ÊS>b§ _boZmSw>gr_m`m… amOYmZr B{V à{gÕ_²Ÿ& VÌ

gmoa~Zm_Ho$ Cn_ÊS>bo ZS>h„r B{V H$üZ J«m_… ApñVŸ& Vpñ_Z² J«m_o lr
t
No
{Vå_ßnd`©… Zm_ H$üZ H¥$fH$… AmgrV²Ÿ& Vñ` nËZr lr_Vr OmZH$å_mŸ&

V`mo… XånË`mo… MËdma… nwÌm…, {Vò… nwÍ`… MŸ& Vofw MVwW©… nwÌ… lr
a“ZmWe_m©Ÿ& Ef… _hm^mJ… "amjg'Zm_Ho$ g§dËgao (06-04-1916)
d¡emIewŠb- n#må`m§ "nwZd©gw'ZjÌo AOm`VŸ&
91
2. H¥${f…, doXmÝV…, `moJ…, Am`wd}X… BË`m{Xfw n[aUV… lr do‘>ßnd`©… EVñ`
{nV¥ì`…Ÿ& {nV¥ìòU ào[aVñ` lr a“ZmWd`©ñ` àmW{_H$… {dÚmä`mg…
ñdJ«m_o Edm^dV²Ÿ& ~mëò Ed g§ñH¥$VmÜ``Zo {deofê$noUmgŠV… Ef…
_hm^mJ… "AJ{S>'J«m_ñWo AmZÝXdZo, "Ho$b{X'J«m_ñWo lr am_oídajoÌo
M AÜ``Z_² AH$amoV²Ÿ& _hmoX`ñ` {dÚmJwéfw lr Ho$edemór, lr
ed
ZmamÙemñÌr M à_wIm¡Ÿ&
ish
3. a“ZmWd`©… H$mì`gm{hË`mÜ``ZmZÝVa§ ~o“byéZJao lr Mm_amOoÝX«g§ñH¥$V-
_hm{dÚmbò CÞVmÜ``Zñ`maå^_² AH$amoV²Ÿ& _hVm H$ï>oZ AmË_{dídmgoZ
re S
bl
M n{R>Ëdm ""OrdZ² ^Ðm{U ní`{V'' B{V dMZñ` gmW©Š`_² AH$amoV²Ÿ&
B
Ab‘>ma-ì`mH$aU-doXmÝV emóofw "{dÛV²'- nXdt gånmÚ ñdmÜ`mòZ
pu
be T
H$ÞS>npÊS>Vnarjm_² A{n g_wÎmrU©… A^dV²Ÿ&

K
4. AÜ``ZmZÝVa§ H$m{ZMZ dfm©{U àm¡T>embm`m_² AÜ`mnH$… ^yËdm

©
H$m`ª {ZadhV²Ÿ& Aï>MËdm[aëX{YH$ZdXeeV (1948) V_o df} lr

Mm_amOoÝÐg§ñH¥$V- _hm{dÚmbò Ed ì`mH$aUemóñ` àmÜ`mnH$ËdoZ
{Z`wŠVmo@^dV²Ÿ&
5. AÜ``ZmÜ`mnZo gXm {ZaV… Ef… _hmoX`… g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m§ H$ÞS>^mfm`m§
to
M fîQ>ç{YH$mZ²> J«ÝWmZ²> AaM`V²>Ÿ& lr e‘>aM[aVm_¥V_², Hw$gw_mÄO{b…,

t
EH$MH«$_²² BË`mX`… g§ñH¥$VJ«ÝWm…Ÿ& lram_MÝÐ…, ì`mgahñ`_², bm¡{H$H$Ý`m`…

No
M H$ÞS>J«ÝWm… à_wIm…Ÿ& AZwdmXH¥${Vfw lr_Ûmë_r{H$am_mÙ_²,

A_aH$moe…, {dXwaZr{V… M à{gÕm… J«ÝWm…Ÿ& EVñ` _hmZw^mdñ` Xoe^{ŠV§,
amï´>{hV{MÝVZ§, àm_m{UH$Vm§ M VXrÒrdZnÕË`m§ boIZofw M ní`m_…Ÿ&
92
6. ""H$mìèmó{dZmoXZo H$mbmo JÀN>[V Yr_Vm_²'' B{V dMZñ` a“ZmWd`©ñ`
OrdZ_od CXmhaU_²Ÿ& Ef… amÁ`moËgd nwañH$ma…, amï´>n{VnwañH$ma…
_hm_hmonmÜ`m`… BË`m{X{^… àepñV{^… gå_m{ZV… & fQ²>gáË`{YH$ZdXeeV
(1976) V_o df} {Zd¥Îm…Ÿ&
ed
Aä`mg…
ish
re S
1. a“ZmWd`©ñ` {nVam¡ H$m¡ ?
bl
B
2. a“ZmWd`©: Ho$fw emñÌofw {dÛV² nXdr_² Ab^V ?
pu
be T
3. a“ZmWd`©ñ` AZwdmXH¥$V`… H$m:?
K
4. a“ZmWd`©: Hw$Ì AYrVdmZ² ?

©
2. Am_²> / Z B{V {bIVŸ&

1. lr a“ZmWd`©… g§ñH¥$VmÜ``Zo AmgŠV…Ÿ&
2. XånË`mo… {ÛVr`… nwÌ… lr a“ZmWd`©…Ÿ&
3. "nwZd©gw…' lra“ZmW_hmoX`ñ` OÝ_ZjÌ_²>Ÿ&
to
4. ~mëò lr a“ZmWe_m© Eoíd`}U `wŠV…Ÿ&

5. lr a“ZmW_hmoX`… {dXoeo AYrVdmZ²>Ÿ&
t
No

1. AÌ¡H$… 2. Hw$gw_mÄO{b… 3. nr{S>Vmo@{n
93
4. g§`moO`VŸ&
A Am
1. {ed_mo½Jm d¡emIewŠbn#m_r
2. lr a“ZmWe_m© {nV¥ì`…
3. do‘>ßnd`©… _boZmSw>gr_m
ed
4. {Vò… nwÌm…
ish
5. MËdma… nwÍ`…
re S
bl
B
1. dfm©{U 2. {nV¥ìòU 3. _hmoX`ñ` 4. emñÌofw
pu
be T
6. AÝ`{b“nXm{Z {bIVŸ&
K
1. lr_Vr 2. AÜ`mnH$… 3. nËZr 4. {nV¥ì`…

©
1. AZmamo½`_²> 2. CÎmrU©… 3. nwÊ`_² 4. à{gÕ…
AdYo`m§e…
to
H$maH$_²
H$Vm© H$_© M H$aU§ gåàXmZ§ VW¡d MŸ&
t
No
AnmXmZm{YH$aU{_Ë`mhþ… H$maH$m{U fQ²>Ÿ&&

CXmhaUdmŠ`m{Z
àW_m{d^{ŠV: Jmo{dÝX: nR>{VŸ& (H$Vm©)
{ÛVr`m{d^{ŠV: am_: \$b§ ImX{VŸ& (H$_©)
94
V¥Vr`m{d^{ŠV : Jwé: ~mbH§$ XÊS>oZ VmS>`{VŸ& (H$aU_²>)
MVwWu{d^{ŠV : _mVm {^jwH$m` AÞ§ `ÀN>{VŸ& (gåàXmZ_²>)
n#m_r{d^{ŠV : d¥jmV²> \$b§ nV{VŸ& (AnmXmZ_²>)
gá_r{d^{ŠV : {Jare: J«m_o dg{VŸ& (A{YH$maU_²>)
`V²> {H«$``m gh gå~Õ§ ^d{V, VV²> H$maH$_²>Ÿ&
ed
H$maH$m{U {d^{º$: CXmhaU_²>
ish
H$V¥©  àW_m  amOm
H$_©  {ÛVr`m  YZ_²
re S
bl
H$aU_²>  V¥Vr`m  H$aoU
B
gåàXmZ_²>
pu  MVwWu  X[aÐm`
be T
AnmXmZ_²>  n#m_r  H$moemV²>

K
A{YH$aU_²>  gá_r  amOg^m`m_²>

©
`ÀN>{V
{H«$`mH$bmn…
aoIm{‘>VnXmZm§ H$maH$Zm_ {bIV &
to
1. g… ~mbH$: ApñVŸ& gm AÜ`m{nH$m ApñVŸ&

2. _mYd: embm§ JÀN>{VŸ& grVm _Ywa§ Jm`{VŸ&
t
No
3. godH$… ^ma§ dh{VŸ& d¥f^: nmX¡: Mb{VŸ&

4. g¡{ZH$m: IS²>JoZ ajpÝVŸ& Aœm: J«mgoZ OrdpÝVŸ&
5. Vmngm: \$b¡: OrdpÝVŸ& {nVm nwÌoU gh JÀN>{VŸ&
6. AÜ`mnH$: N>mÌm` kmZ§ `ÀN>{VŸ&
95
7. Y{ZH$: godHo$ä`: dñÌm{U XXm{VŸ&
8. a_oe: J«m_mV²> àmV: AmJÀN>{VŸ&
9. _{hbm: CÚmZoä`: \$bm{Z AmZ`pÝVŸ&
10. d¥jmV²> \$b§ nV{VŸ&
11. JOm¡ _mJ} MbV:Ÿ& _mZdm: J¥hofw dgpÝVŸ&
ed
12. qghm: dZo {ZdgpÝVŸ& N>mÌm: {dÚmbòfw nR>pÝVŸ&
ish
1.
2.
re S
bl
3.
B
4.
pu
be TK
5.
6.
©
7.
8.
9.
to
10.
11.
t
No
12.
*****
96
MVwX©e… nmR>…
g_mg…
AW©_²> AZwg¥Ë` nXÛ`ñ` AWdm AZoHo$fm§ nXmZm§ g§jonoU H$WZ§ g_mg…&
ed
g_mg B{V nXñ` "gL²>jno …' BË`W©…Ÿ& Ed_²> AW©demV² EH$s^yV§ nX§ g_ñV§ nX_²&
`Wm - amk… nwÌ… B{V nXÛ`ñ` g_mgo "amOnwÌ…' B{V g_ñV§ nX_²Ÿ& g_ñVñ`
ish
nXñ` {ddaU§ òZ dmŠòZ {H«$`Vo VV² dmŠ`§ {dJ«hdmŠ`_²Ÿ& `Wm - H$_©Hw$eb…
B{V g_ñV§ nX_²Ÿ& Vñ` "H$_©{U Hw$eb…' B{V {dJ«hdmŠ`_²Ÿ&
re S
bl
B
g_mgo MËdma… ôXm… gpÝV &
pu
be T
1. ÛÝÛg_mg… (am_H¥$îUm¡)
K
2. VËnwéfg_mg… (Mmoa^`_²)
©
3. ~hþd«r{hg_mg… (nrVmå~a…- {dîUw…)

4. Aì``r^mdg_mg… (CnZJa_²)
1. ÛÝÛg_mg: - (gyÌ_²- MmW} ÛÝÛ:)
to
ÛÝÛg_mgo g_mgKQ>H$mZm§ gd}fm§ nXmZm§ AWm©: àYmZm: ^d[ÝV & `[X

nXÛ`§ MoV² g_ñVnX§ [ÛdMZo ^d[V & AZoH$m[Z nXm[Z gpÝV MoV² g_ñVnX§
t
No
~hþ>dMZo ^d[V &

ÛÝÛg_mg: [ÛYm- 1) BVaoVaÛÝÛ: & 2) g_mh>maÛÝÛ: B[V &
1) BVaoVaÛÝÛg_mg: - AÌ CÎmanXñ` `[„“§> ^d[V VXod g_ñVnXñ`
[b“§> ^d[V &
97
`Wm:- am_ü bú_Uü - am_bú_Um¡ &
Hw$¸w$Q>ü _`yar M = Hw$¸w$Q>_`y`m£ &
h[aü haü = h[aham¡ &
Y_©ü AW©ü H$m_ü _mojü = Y_m©W©H$m__mojm: &
ed
am_ü bú_Uü âVü eÌw¿Zü = am_bú_UâVeÌw¿Zm: &
ish
Amh>maü [ZÐm M ^`§ M = Amh>ma[ZÐm^`m[Z &
re S
n[ÊS>Vü d[ZVm M bVm M = n[ÊS>Vd[ZVmbVm: &
bl
B
2) g_mhmaÛÝÛg_mg:
pu
be T
A[ñ_Z² g_mgo g_yh>mW©: Ed àYmZ: ^d[V & [dJ«h>dmŠò Vw "g_mh>ma'

K
B[V à`wÁ`Vo & gm_mÝ`V: AÌ g_ñVnX§ [ZË`§ Znw§gH$ {b“o ^d{V&

©
CXm:- nmUr M nmXm¡ M EVofm§ g_mh>ma: = nm[UnmX_² &

KQ>ü nQ>ü EV`mo: g_mh>ma: = KQ>nQ>_² &
to
a[WH$mü Aœmamoh>mü EVofm§ g_mh>ma: = a[WH$mœamoh_²

nwÌü nm¡Ìmü EVofm§ g_mh>ma: = nwÌnm¡Ì_² &
t
No
98
Aä`mg…
1. g§ñH¥$V^mf`m CÎma§ {bIVŸ&
1. g_mgmo Zm_ H$… ?
2. g_mgôXmZ²> {bIVŸ&
ed
3. g_ñV§ nX§ Zm_ {H$_²> ?
4. {dJ«hdmŠ`§ Zm_ {H$_² ?
ish
2. g_ñVnX§ {d{b»` g_mgZm_ {bIVŸ&
re S
bl
1. h[a… M ha… M
B
2. n#mmZm§ VÝÌmUm§ g_mhma…
pu
be T
3. npÊS>V… M d{ZVm M bVm M

K
4. H¥$îU… M AOw©Z… M
©
3. {dJ«hdmŠ`§ {d{b»` g_mgZm_ {bIVŸ&

1. ~«åhmmÀ`wVe‘>am… 2. ^r_mOw©Zm¡
3. d{gð>{dœm{_Ìm¡ 4. am_bú_Um¡
to
*****
t
No
99
nÄMXe… nmR>…
VnmodZm{^J_Z_²>
ed
ish
re S
bl
B
pu
be TK
©
nr{R>H$m -
H$mì`§ {Û{dY_²>Ÿ& ""Ñí`H$mì`§ lì`H$mì`§ M'' B{VŸ& ZmQ>H§$ Ñí`H$mì`§
^d{VŸ& ""H$mìòfw ZmQ>H§$ aå`_²'' B{V dmŠ`§ à{gÕ_²Ÿ& A{^Z``mo½`§ gwÝXa§
ZmQ>H§$ g§ñH¥$V^maË`m àH$m{eVmV² ""H${dH$monH$bmn…'' B{V ZmQ>H$gL²>J«hmV²
to
ñdrH¥$V_² ApñVŸ&
(XeaWñ`mñWmZ_²Ÿ& XeaW… d{gð>… M Cn{dï>m¡ ñV…Ÿ& godH$… à{de{V)
t
godH$… - (à{dí`) O`Vw _hmamO…! à^mo ! {dídm{_Ì_h{f©… AmJV…

No
ApñVŸ&
XeaW… - (CËWm`) H$… .....? {dídm{_Ì_h{f©… ? V§ erK«_od AÝV…
àdoe`Ÿ&
100
godH$… - `Xmkmn`{V _hmamO…Ÿ&
(JÀN>{VŸ& {dídm{_ÌoU gh àË`mJÀN>{VŸ&)
XeaW… - _hf}Ÿ& A{^dmXò ! (àU_{V)
{dídm{_Ì… - _hmamO ! {dO`r ^d !
XeaW… - EVXmgZ_² Ab‘>amoVwŸ&
ed
{dídm{_Ì… - VW¡d AñVwŸ& (Cn{de{VŸ)
ish
XeaW… - nyÁ` ! gdª Hw$eb§ {H$_²>?
{dídm{_Ì… - Am_² ! _hmamO ! gdª Hw$eb_²Ÿ&
re S
bl
XeaW… - ^dV… AmJ_Zñ` H$maU§ kmVw_² Ahm©{_ {H$_² ?
B
{dídm{_Ì… - dXm{_Ÿ& naÝVw ^dmZ² _`m `V² Ano{jV§ "VV² XXm{V' MoV²> ....Ÿ&
pu
be T
XeaW… - _hf} ! {H$_Wª g§e`…Ÿ& ^dmZ²> `V² BÀN>{V VV² {ZüòZ XXm{_Ÿ&
K
{dídm{_Ì… - amOZ² ! d`§ bmoH${hVmWª `k§ Hw$d©ÝV… ñ_…Ÿ& naÝVw Ho$MZ amjgm…
©
`ko {d¿Z_² CËnmX`ÝV… gpÝVŸ&

XeaW… - Ho$ Vo amjgm… ?
{dídm{_Ì… - VmQ>H$m Zm_ amjgr ApñVŸ& _marM… gw~mhþ… M Vñ`m… nwÌm¡Ÿ&
EVo Añ_mZ² nrS>`pÝVŸ&
to
XeaW… - qH$ Hw$d©pÝV Vo ?

{dídm{_Ì… - `kg_m{ág_ò `kdo{XH$m`m§ aŠV_m§gm{XH§$ {jßËdm `k§
t
No
Zme`pÝVŸ&
XeaW… - Ahmo XwamË_mZ…Ÿ&
{dídm{_Ì… - VXWª amjgg§hma§ H¥$Ëdm `mJñ` ajU§ H$Vwª ^dV: nwÌ§> am_§ _`m
gh àof`VwŸ&
101
XeaW… - {H$§ dX{V _hf}Ÿ! amjgmZm§ g§hmamWª am_… àofUr`…?
{dídm{_Ì… - Am_² ! am_§ bú_U§ M àof`VwŸ&
XeaW… - _hf} ! am_… BXmZt n#mXedfu`… ~mb…Ÿ& g… H$W§ dm amjgmZm§
g§hma§ Hw$`m©V² ? bú_U… Vw BVmo@{n ~mb…Ÿ&
{dídm{_Ì… - amOZ² ! am_… amjgg§hma§ H$Vwª g_W©©… ApñVŸ& V_od àof`VwŸ&
ed
XeaW… - _mñVw lr_Z²>! ~hþH$mbmV² AZÝVa§ _`m nwÌm… àmám…Ÿ& VmZ² nwÌmZ²
ish
Xya§ àof{`Vw_² Ah§ H$W§ eŠZmo{_ ?
{dídm{_Ì… - (gH$mon_²) V{h© __ `kñ` ajU§ H$W_² ?
re S
bl
XeaW… - V{Ûfò {MÝVm _mñVwŸ& MVwa“~boZ gh Ah_odmJÀN>m{_Ÿ&
B
pu amjgg§hma§ H$amo{_Ÿ&
be T
{dídm{_Ì… - ({dhñ`) Vo amjgm… gmYmaUm… B{V _m {MÝV`VwŸ& Vofm§ dY§

K
H$Vwª lram_… Ed g_W©…Ÿ& V_od àof`VwŸ&

©
XeaW… - _hf} ! jå`Vm_²Ÿ& EVmdËn`©ÝV§ am_… H$Xm{n amO^dZmV² ~{h…

Z JVdmZ²Ÿ& g… Kmoao AaÊò H$W§ g#mma§ H$[aî`{V ? _mñVw _hf}!
_mñVw .......
{dídm{_Ì… - V{h© ^dmZ² am_§ àof{`Vw§ Z BÀN>{V ?
to
XeaW… - naÝVw Ah_od AmJÀN>m{_ {H$b.......Ÿ&

{dídm{_Ì… - Zmno{jV_²Ÿ& `{X eŠ`§ am_§ bú_U§ M àof`VwŸ& Zmo MoV² J_Zm`
t
AZw_qV XXmVwŸ&
No
XeaW… - (ñdJV_²) qH$ H$amo{_ BXmZr_² .......?

d{gð>… - XeaW ! (gmÝËdZ§ H$amo{V)
XeaW… - d{gð>_hf} ! ^dmZ² gdª lwVdmZ² {H$b ! qH$ Hw$_©… BXmZr_² ?
102
d{gð>… - _hmamO ! Ef… {dídm{_Ì… gm_mÝ`… ZŸ& ñd`§ j{Ì`Hw$bo OmV…
A{n ñdà`ËZoZ Ed ~«÷{f©nX§ àmádmZ²Ÿ& {Ìe‘x>-_hmamO§ gXoh§
ñdJª à{V ào{fVdmZ² Ef…Ÿ& EVñ` gm_Ï`©_² AgmYmaU_²Ÿ& EVoZ
gh am_bú_Um¡ àof`{V MoV² V`mo… _hmZ² bm^… Ed ^{dî`{VŸ&
XeaW… - V{h©....... ^dV… A{^àm`mo@{n VW¡d dm ?
ed
d{gð>… - Am_²Ÿ& `V… {dídm{_Ì… eñÌemñÌ`mo… nma“V…Ÿ& VoZ am_bú_Um¡
A{n Vñ` CnXoe§ àmáw_² Ah©V…Ÿ&
ish
XeaW… - AñVwŸ& `{X ^dV… Ame`mo@{n Ed_od V{h© Adí`§ àof`m{_Ÿ&
re S ({díd{_Ì§ à{V) _hf} ! jU§ {Vð>VwŸ& am_bú_Um¡ AÌ¡d
bl
B
pu Amˆ`m{_Ÿ& H$… VÌ..... ?
be T
godH$… - Amkmn`Vw _hmamO…Ÿ&
K
XeaW… - BXmZr_od am_bú_Um¡ AÌ AmZ`VwŸ&

©
godH$… - `Xmkmn`{V _hmamO…Ÿ& (JÀN>{VŸ& am_bú_Umä`m§ gh

AmJÀN>{V)
am_… bú_U… M - OZH$ ! A{^dmXòŸ&
XeaW… - Am`wî_mZ² ^d ! Am`wî_mZ² ^dŸ&
to
am_… bú_U…M - (d{gð>_²) nyÁ` ! A{^dmXòŸ&

d{gð>… - H$s{V©_mZ² ^dŸ& H$s{V©_mZ² ^dŸ&
t
XeaW… - VÌ ní`VwŸ& g… {dídm{_Ì_h{f©…Ÿ& g… Añ_mH§$ gd}fm_{n nyÁ`…Ÿ&

No
am_… bú_U… M - _hf} ! A{^dmXòŸ&

{dídm{_Ì… - {dO`r ^dŸ& {dO`r ^dŸ&
XeaW… - dËg ! am_ ! Ef… {dídm{_Ì… Jm{YamOñ` nwÌ…Ÿ& g… BXmZt
103
^dV… gmhmæ`_² BÀN>>{VŸ&
am_… - (Amü`}U) qH$ __ gmhmæ`_² ? {nV… ! {dZmoXmW©_² Ed§ dX{V
qH$ ^dmZ² ?
{dídm{_Ì… - Z¡dŸ& ^dV… {nVm `V² dX{V VV² gË`_odŸ& dËgŸ& Ah§
bmoH$H$ë`mUm` `k_oH§$ Hw$d©Z² Apñ_Ÿ& VÌ amjgm… {d¿Z_²
ed
CËnmX`pÝVŸ& Vo amjgm… ^dVm _maUr`m…Ÿ&
am_… - naÝVw....... VmZ² amjgmZ² _ma{`Vw_² Ah§ g_W©… dm ?
ish
{dídm{_Ì… - {H$_Wª Z ? ^dÝV§ {dZm Z H$mo @{n g_W©…Ÿ& AV… ^dVmo…
re S gmhmæ`_² Anoú`VoŸ&
bl
B
bú_U… - _hf}Ÿ! Vo amjgm… Hw$Ì gpÝV ?
pu
be T
{dídm{_Ì… - Vo AaÊò gpÝVŸ& VÌ¡d ^dÝVm¡ Z`m{_Ÿ& (_hmamO§ à{V) _hmamO!

K
{H$§ dX{V ^dmZ² ?

©
XeaW… - _hf} ! ^dV… Hw$bJwamo… d{gð>ñ` M dMZmZwgma§ am_bú_Um¡

^dVm gh àof`m{_Ÿ& dËg, am_ ! dËg, bú_U ! AÚ Amaä`
_h{f©… {dídm{_Ì… ^dVmo… Jwé…Ÿ& Vñ`mXoe… nmbZr`…Ÿ&
am_… bú_U… M - {nV… ! Adí`§ nmb`md…Ÿ&
to
XeaW… - ({dídm{_Ì_² C{Ôí`) _hf} ! AÚn`©ÝV§ EVm¡ Hw$Ìm{n Z

JVdÝVm¡Ÿ& H¥$n`m Vm¡ OmJê$H$V`m ZoVì`m¡Ÿ&
t
{dídm{_Ì… - amOZ² ! {MÝVm _mñVwŸ& __ nwÌm¡ Bd EVm¡ dY©`m{_Ÿ&

No
XeaW… - am_bú_Um¡ ~mbm¡Ÿ& V`mo… gå^mfUo, AmMaUo dm AnamYm…

^do`w…Ÿ& H¥$n`m Vm¡ jÝVì`m¡Ÿ&
{díd{_Ì… - amOZ² ! am_bú_Um¡ Z gmYmaUm¡, A{n Vw AdVmanwéfm¡Ÿ& AV…
104
V`mo… {dfò {MÝVm Ed _mñVwŸ&
XeaW… - (am_bú_Um¡ Am{bL²>½`) _hf}… `kg§ajU§ H¥$Ëdm erK«_od
àË`mJå`Vm_²Ÿ&
{dídm{_Ì… - _hmamO ! V{h© d`§ gmY`m_…Ÿ&
(gd} JÀN>pÝVŸ& XeaW… ní`Z² ^d{V)
ed
H${dH$mì`{dMma…
ish
H${d… - S>mŸ&& hoM², Ama², {dídmg…
OÝ_ñWmZ_² - H$moßn VmbyH$, {MŠH$_“byé _ÊS>b_²
re S
OZZ_² - 30-03-1959.
bl
B
H¥$V`… - Aä`mgnwñVH$_², AmYw{ZH$-ZmQ>H$m{Z, {eewJrVm{Z,
pu
be T
gå^mfUg§ñH¥$V_² BË`mX`…Ÿ&
K
Aä`mg…
©

1. F$f`… {H$_Wª `k§ Hw$d©pÝV ?
2. amjgm… H$W§ `k§ Zme`pÝV ?
to
3. XeaWñ` Hw$bJwé… H$… ?

4. {dídm{_Ì… H$ñ` nwÌ… ?
t
No
2. [aŠVñWmZ§ nya`VŸ&
1. Ho$MZ ................. `ko {d¿Z_wËnmX`pÝVŸ&
2. .............. Zm_ amjgr ApñVŸ&
3. am_… ............... H$Vwª g_W©… ApñVŸ&
105
3. `Wm {ZX}e_wÎma§ {bIVŸ&
1. {dídm{_Ì_h{f©… AmJV… ApñVŸ&
H$… nmR>… ? H$… AdXV²> ? H$_²> AdXV²> ?
2. am_§ bú_U§ M àof`VwŸ&
H$… nmR>… ? H$… AdXV² ? H$_²> AdXV²> ?
ed
1. VW¡d 2. `Wmkmn`{V 3. Z¡d 4. dMZmZwgma_²>
ish
1. do{XH$m`m_²>
re S 2. nwÌmZ²> 3. amO^dZmV²
bl
6. dmŠ`§ aM`VŸ&
B
1. kmVw_²> 2. H¥$Ëdm 3. erK«_²>
pu
be T
K
1. godH$… 2. AmJV… >3. Vñ`m… 4. ~mb…

©
8. n#mf¡… dmŠ`¡… CÎma§ g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, H$ÞS>^mf`m, A“b^mf`m

² dm {bIVŸ&
1. {dídm{_Ì… am_bú_Um¡ {H$_Wª dZ_² AZ`V²> ? {dd¥UwVŸ&
2. am_bú_U`mo… dZàofUmdgao XeaWñ` _Z…pñW{V… H$sÑer
AmgrV² ? {deX`VŸ&
AdYo`m§e…
to
H${d{deofVm:
t
àepñV… - ~mbgm{hË`àepñV…& g{hË` - AH$mS>o{_ - AZwdmX

No
àepñV… -2010
{deof :- AmYw{ZH$g§ñH¥$Vgm{hËò ZyVZ{MÝVZ_²>, g§ñH¥$Vgå^mfUmÝXmobZo
`moJXmZ_², Ñí` - lì`_mÜ`_o {deof… n[al_…Ÿ& "g§ñH¥$V^maVr'
g§ñWm`m… Amaå^mV² nyU©H$m{bH$… H$m`©H$Vm©Ÿ&
106
{H«$`mH$bmn…
I. CXmhaUmZwgma§ dmŠ`m{Z aM`V
{eî`… - CnXoe§
{eî`m - boIZt
ed
nwÌ… - \$b§
AÜ`mnH$… VZ`m - AmâU§ XXm{V
ish
re S _mVm - dñÌ§
X[aÐ… - YZ§
bl
B
pu {_Ì§ - nwñVH§$
be T
CXm : AÜ`mnH$… {eî`m` CnXoe§ XXm{VŸ&
K
II. `Wm{ZX}e§ dmŠ`m{Z aM`VŸ&

©
1. _mVm - gwVm… - hma§

2. Y{ZH$… - X[aÐm… - dñÌm{U
3. d¡Ú… - é½Um… - Am¡fY§
4. AM©H$… - ^ŠVm… - nwînm{U `ÀN>{V
to
5. OZH$… - Aä`mJVm… - nmÚ§

6. AÜ`m{nH$m - N>mÌm… - _Ywa§
t
No
7. nmMH$… - ~m{bH$m… - amo{Q>H$m§

`Wm… - (1) _mVm gwVmä`… hma§ `ÀN>{VŸ&
EVo d¥ÎmmH$maoU Cn{depÝVŸ& BXmZr H$… /H$m, H$ñ_¡/ H$ñ`¡ H$ÝXwH§$
XXmVr{V CXmhaUmZwJwU§ {bIVŸ&
107
H$ÝXwH§$ XXm{V
ed
ish
re S
bl
CXm - 1) a_oe… _mbm`¡ H$ÝXwH§$ XXm{VŸ&
B
III. CXmhaUmZwJwU§ nX_²> ApÝdî` {bIVŸ&
pu
be TK
am {Y H$m `¡
a _m `¡ `m©
©
jm ` _m ` d
`¡ km Y O {Z
Zm ` dm _m Vm
M Z ` Zm `¡
to
a _o em `
1. H$m`m©` 2. d{ZVm`¡ 3. Ò_mZm` 4. Z`Zm`¡

t
No
5. ajm`¡ 6. aMZm`¡ 7. `km` 8. a_m`¡

9. am{YH$m`¡ 10. am_m`
*****
108
"A' H$maÝV… nw§{b“… "am_' eãX…
{d^{ŠV: EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²
No
àW_m{d^{ŠV… t am_… am_m¡ am_m… gÁªÀÄ£ÀÄ, Rama is
gå~moYZmàW_m{d^{ŠV… ho am_ © ho am_m¡ ho am_m… J¯ÉÊ gÁªÀÄ, O! Rama
{ÛVr`m{d^{ŠV… am_§ am_m¡ am_mZ² gÁªÀÄ£À£ÀÄß, to Rama
to
gÁªÀÄ¤AzÀ, by Rama
V¥Vr`m{d^{ŠV… am_oU
K
am_mä`m_² am_¡…
Ho$MZ gw~ÝVeãXm… àXÎmm…Ÿ&
with Rama
be T
MVwWu{d^{ŠV… am_m` am_mä`m_² am_oä`…
B gÁªÀÄ¤UÁV,
For Rama
109
gw~ÝVm…
to Rama
re S
fmoS>e… nmR>…
n#m_r{d^{ŠV… am_mV² am_mä`m_² am_oä`… gÁªÀÄ£À zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ

from Rama
pu
fð>r{d^{ŠV… am_ñ` am_`mo… am_mUm_² gÁªÀÄ£À, of Rama
gá_r{d^{ŠV… am_o am_`mo… am_ofw gÁªÀÄ£À°è, in Rama
bl
(at, upon,
among, there)
ish
nX_²> BË`wŠVo AW©~moYH$… dU©g_yh…Ÿ& `{X dU©g_yhmË_H$… eãX… gw~ÝV…
{VL>ÝVmo dm ^d{V V{h© Vñ` nX{_{V ì`dhma… ì`mH$aUemñÌo ^d{VŸ& AÌ
Ed§ OZH$, gwaoe, Jmonmb, AmZÝX BË`mX`… eãXm… ko`m…Ÿ&

ed
"Am' H$mamÝV… ór{b“… "H$bm' eãX…
E.d. {Û.d. ~.d
à.{d. H$bm H$bo H$bm…
g§.à.{d. ho H$bo ho H$bo ho H$bm…
{Û. {d H$bm_²> H$bo H$bm…
ed
V¥.{d. H$b`m H$bmä`m_²> H$bm{^…
M.{d. H$bm`¡ H$bmä`m_²> H$bmä`…
ish
n§. {d H$bm`m: H$bmä`m_²> H$bmä`…
f.{d.
re S H$bm`m… H$b`mo… H$bmZm_²>
g.{d. H$bm`m_²> H$b`mo… H$bmgw
bl
B
Ed§ grVm, a_m, embm, BË`mX`… eãXm… ko`m…
pu
be T
"A' H$mamÝV… Znw§gH${b“… "dZ' eãX…

K
E.d. {Û.d. ~.d

©
à.{d. dZ_²> dZo dZm{Z

g§.à.{d. ho dZ ho dZo ho dZm{Z
{Û. {d dZ_²> dZo dZm{Z
V¥.{d. dZoZ dZmä`m_²> dZ¡…
to
M.{d. dZm` dZmä`m_²> dZoä`…

n§. {d dZmV²> dZmä`m_²> dZoä`…
t
f.{d. dZñ` dZ`mo… dZmZm_²>

No
g.{d. dZo dZ`mo… dZofw

Ed§ \$b, Z`Z>, nwñVH$> BË`mX`… eãXm… ko`m…Ÿ&
110
"B' H$mamÝV… nw§{b“… "h[a' eãX…

E.d. {Û.d. ~.d
à.{d. h[a… har ha`…
g§.à.{d. ho hao ho har ho ha`…
ed
{Û. {d h[a_²> har harZ²>
V¥.{d. h[aUm h[aä`m_² h[a{^…
ish
M.{d. haò h[aä`m_² h[aä`…
re S n§. {d hao… h[aä`m_² h[aä`…
f.{d. hao… h`m}… harUm_²
bl
B
pu g.{d. ham¡ h`m}… h[afw
be T
Ed§ H${d, a{d, A{¾, {d{Y BË`mX`… eãXm… ko`m…Ÿ&

K
©
"B' H$mamÝV… ór{b“… "_{V' eãX…

E.d. {Û.d. ~.d
à.{d. _{V…> _Vr _V`…
g§.à.{d. ho _Vo ho _Vr ho _V`…
to
{Û. {d _{V_² _Vr _Vr…

V¥.{d. _Ë`m _{Vä`m_² _{V{^…
M.{d. _Ë`¡/_Vò _{Vä`m_² _{Vä`…
t
No
n§. {d _Ë`m…/_Vo… _{Vä`m_² _{Vä`…

f.{d. _Ë`m…/_Vo… _Ë`mo… _VrZm_²
g.{d. _Ë`m_²/_Vm¡ _Ë`mo… _{Vfw
111
"C' H$mamÝV… nw§{b“… "Jwé' eãX…
E.d. {Û.d. ~.d

à.{d. Jwé… Jwê$ Jwad…
g§.à.{d. ho Jwamo ho Jwê$ ho Jwad…
{Û. {d Jwé§ Jwê$ Jwê$Z²>
ed
V¥.{d. JwéUm Jwéä`m_²> Jwé{^…
ish
M.{d. Jwado Jwéä`m_²> Jwéä`…
re Sn§. {d Jwamo… Jwéä`m_² Jwéä`…
f.{d. Jwamo… Jwdm}… Jwê$Um_²
bl
B
pug.{d. Jwam¡ Jwdm}… Jwéfw
be T
Ed§ eå^w, ^mZw, dm`w {dîUw BË`mX`… eãXm… ko`m…Ÿ&
K
"C' H$mamÝV… ór{b“… "YoZw' eãX…

©
E.d. {Û.d. ~.d

à.{d. YoZw… YoZy YoZd…
g§.à.{d. ho YoZmo ho YoZy ho YoZd…
{Û. {d YoZw_²> YoZy YoZy…
to
V¥.{d. YoÝdm YoZwä`m_²> YoZw{^…

M.{d. YoÝd¡ - YoZdo YoZwä`m_²> YoZwä`…
t
n§. {d YoÝdm…-YoZmo… YoZwä`m_²> YoZwä`…

No
f.{d. YoÝdm…-YoZmo… YoÝdmo… YoZyZm_²>

g.{d. YoÝdm_²>-YoZm¡ YoÝdmo… YoZwfw
112
"X' H$mamÝV… nw§{b“… "VX²>' eãX…
E.d. {Û.d. ~.d

à.{d. g… Vm¡ Vo
{Û. {d V_²> Vm¡ VmZ²
V¥.{d. VoZ Vmä`m_² V¡…
ed
M.{d. Vñ_¡ Vmä`m_² Voä`…
n§. {d Vñ_mV² Vmä`m_² Voä`…
ish
re Sf.{d. Vñ` V`mo… Vofm_²
g.{d. Vpñ_Z² V`mo… Vofw
bl
B
pu
be T
"X' H$mamÝV… ñÌr{b“… VX²> eãX…
K
E.d. {Û.d. ~.d

©
à.{d. gm Vo Vm…
{Û. {d Vm_²> Vo Vm…
V¥.{d. V`m Vmä`m_²> Vm{^…
M.{d. Vñ`¡ Vmä`m_²> Vmä`…
n§. {d Vñ`m… Vmä`m_²> Vmä`…
to
f.{d. Vñ`m… V`mo… Vmgm_²>

g.{d. Vñ`m_² V`mo… Vmgw
t
No
113
"X' H$mamÝV… Znw§gH${b“… "VX²>' eãX…
E.d. {Û.d. ~.d

à.{d. VV²> Vo Vm{Z
{Û. {d VV²> Vo Vm{Z
V¥.{d. VoZ Vmä`m_²> V¡…
ed
M.{d. Vñ_¡ Vmä`m_²> Voä`…
n§. {d Vñ_mV²> Vmä`m_²> Voä`…
ish
re Sf.{d. Vñ` V`mo… Vofm_²>
g.{d. Vpñ_Z²> V`mo… Vofw
bl
B
pu
be T
"_' H$mamÝV… nw§{b“… "{H$_²>' eãX…
K
E.d. {Û.d. ~.d

©
à.{d. H$… H$m¡ Ho$

{Û. {d H$_²> H$m¡ H$mZ²>
V¥.{d. Ho$Z H$mä`m_²> H¡$…
M.{d. H$ñ_¡ H$mä`m_²> Ho$ä`…
n§. {d H$ñ_mV²> H$mä`m_²> Ho$ä`…
to
f.{d. H$ñ` H$`mo… Ho$fm_²>

g.{d. H$pñ_Z²> H$`mo… Ho$fw
t
No
114
"_' H$mamÝV… ñÌr{b“… "{H$_²>' eãX…
E.d. {Û.d. ~.d
à.{d. H$m Ho$ H$m…
{Û. {d H$m_²> Ho$ H$m…
V¥.{d. H$`m H$mä`m_²> H$m{^…
ed
M.{d. H$ñ`¡ H$mä`m_²> H$mä`…
n§. {d H$ñ`m… H$mä`m_²> H$mä`…
ish
f.{d. H$ñ`m… H$`mo… H$mgm_²>
g.{d. H$ñ`m_²> H$`mo… H$mgw
re S
bl
B
"_' H$mamÝV… Znw§gH${b“… "{H$_²>' eãX…
pu
be T
E.d. {Û.d. ~.d

K
à.{d. {H$_²> Ho$ H$m{Z

©
{Û. {d {H$_²> Ho$ H$m{Z

V¥.{d. Ho$Z H$mä`m_²> H¡$…
M.{d. H$ñ_¡ H$mä`m_²> Ho$ä`…
n§. {d H$ñ_mV²> H$mä`m_²> Ho$ä`…
to
f.{d. H$ñ` H$`mo… Ho$fm_²>

g.{d. H$pñ_Z²> H$`mo… Ho$fw
t
No
115
"X' H$mamÝV… {Ì{b“… "Añ_X²>' eãX…
E.d. {Û.d. ~.d
à.{d. Ah_²> Amdm_²> d`_²
{Û. {d _m_² / _m Amdm_² / Zm¡ Añ_mZ² / Z…
V¥.{d. _`m Amdmä`m_² Añ_m{^…
ed
M.{d. _ø_² / _o Amdmä`m_² /Zm¡ Añ_ä`_² / Z…
n§. {d _V² Amdmä`m_² Añ_V²
ish
f.{d. __ / _o Amd`mo… / Zm¡ Añ_mH§$ / Z…
g.{d. _{` Amd`mo… Añ_mgw
re S
bl
B
"X' H$mamÝV… {Ì{b“… "`wî_X²>' eãX…
pu
be T
E.d. {Û.d. ~.d

K
à.{d. Ëd_²> `wdm_² `y`_²

©
{Û. {d Ëdm_² / Ëdm `wdm_² / dm_² `wî_mZ² / d…

V¥.{d. Ëd`m `wdmä`m_² `wî_m{^…
M.{d. Vwä`_² / Vo `wdmä`m_²/dm_² `wî_ä`_²/d…
n§. {d ËdV² `wdmä`m_² `wî_V²
f.{d. Vd/Vo `wd`mo… / dm_² `wî_mH$_²/d…
to
g.{d. Ëd{` `wd`mo… `wî_mgw

t
No
116
{H«$`mH$bmn…
I. [aŠVñWmZ§ nya`VŸ&
E.d. {Û.{d. ~.d.
l à.{d. am_: .......... am_m:
ed
g§.à.{d. ho AO ho AOm¡ ..........
{Û.{d. .......... JOm¡ ..........
ish
V¥.{d. _mYdoZ .......... ..........
re S
M.{d. .......... .......... _wHw$ÝXoä`:
bl
B
n§.{d. IJmV² .......... ..........
pu
be T
f.{d. .......... ZJ`mo: ..........

K
g.{d. d¥jo .......... ..........

©
l à.{d. _mbm .......... _mbm:

g§.à.{d. ho H$bo .......... ho H$bm:
{Û. {d .......... amYo ..........
to
V¥.{d. emb`m .......... embm{^:

M.{d. .......... grVmä`m_²> ..........
t
n§. {d d{ZVm`m: .......... ..........

No
f.{d. .......... .......... _{hbmZm_²>

g.{d. a_m`m§ .......... ..........
117
l à.{d. .......... dZo ..........
g§.à.{d. ho kmZ .......... ho kmZm{Z
{Û. {d .......... .......... \$bm{Z
V¥.{d. nwñVHo$Z .......... ..........
M.{d. Z`Zm` .......... Z`Zoä`:
ed
n§. {d .......... `ÝÌmä`m_²> ..........
ish
f.{d. YZñ` .......... ..........
g.{d. .......... eara`mo: ..........
re S
bl
B
II. H$moï>Ho$ H$m{ZMZ nXm{Z gpÝVŸ& Vm{Z Cn`wÁ` CÎmam{U {bIVŸ&
pu
be T
n{ÌH$m_²>, amY`m, grVm`m:, ew^m`¡, AZwOm`m_²>, a_m
K
1. AÌ H$m nR>{V ?
©
....................................
2. gm H$m§ nR>[V ?
....................................
3. gm H$`m gh nR>{V ?
to
....................................
4. gm H$ñ`¡ \$bm{Z `ÀN>{V ?
t
....................................
No
5. gm H$ñ`m: nwÌr ApñV ?

....................................
6. gm H$ñ`m§ {díd{g{V ?
....................................
118
III. EVm{Z dmŠ`m{Z {d^{ŠVH«$_oU {bIVŸ&
_wI§ àjmb`{V
J¥ho Aä`mg§ H$amo{V ^mñH$am` Z_: B{V dX{V
ed
àmV: C{Îmð>>{V am_: {_Ìñ` nwñVH$_²> BÀN>{V
ish
ZoÌmä`m§ XodXe©Z§ H$amo{V
re S OZH$mV²> {XZn{ÌH$m§ ñdrH$amo{V
bl
ho Xod! _m§ aj! B{V dX{V
B
pu
be T
IV. AH$mamÝVnw§{b“eãXmZm§ ñWmZo AmH$mamÝVñÌr{b“eãXmZ²> Cn`wÁ`

K
{bIVŸ&
©
CXm - ~mbH$m¡ YmdV:Ÿ& ~m{bHo$ YmdV:Ÿ& (~m{bH$m)

1) {eî`: _yfH$mZ²> ní`{VŸ& {eî`m ............. ní`{VŸ& (_y{fH$m)
2) nwÌ: OZHo$Z gh JÀN>{VŸ& nwÌ: ............. gh JÀN>{V (Aå~m)
3) _mVm gwVm` jra§ `ÀN>{VŸ& _mVm ............. jra§ `ÀN>{V (gwVm)
to
4) \$bm{Z d¥jmV²> nVpÝVŸ& \$bm{Z ............. nVpÝV (bVm)

t
V. nw§{b“ - Znw§gH${b“eãXmZ²> n¥WH$²> {bIVŸ&

No
nwÌ, {_Ì, gwaoe, OZH$, nwñVH$, kmZ, nwîn, ~mbH$, d¥j, gwI, Ob,
Jmonmb, ^moOZ
119
VI. {ZX©oemZwma§ n[adV©`VŸ&
CXm - d{ZVm nwîn_²> AmZ`{V (~hþdMZo)
d{ZVm nwînm{U AmZ`{VŸ&
1. am_: nÌ§ nR>{V (~hþdMZo)
ed
........................................Ÿ&
ish
2. erbm CÚmZm{Z ní`{V (EH$dMZo)
........................................&
re S
bl
B
3. _mYd: ewZHo$Z gh JÀN>{V (~hþdMZo)
pu
be T
........................................&
K
4. \$bm{Z {_Ìm` XXm{VŸ& (~hþdMZo)

©
........................................&
5. N>mÌm: CÚmZoä`: AmJÀN>pÝV (EH$dMZo)
........................................&
to
6. AÜ`mnH$: nwñVH$ñ` M`Z§ H$amo{VŸ& (~hþdMZo)

........................................&
t
No
7. _¥Jm: dZofw ^dpÝVŸ& (EH$dMZo)

........................................&
*****
120
gáXe… nmR>…
{VL>ÝVm…
{H«$`mnXmZm§ _yb^yV§ eãXê$n§ "YmVw…' B{V H$Ï`VoŸ& AWm©V²> {H«$`m`m…
~moYH$m… ^y-a_²>-nR>²> BË`mX`… YmVw:> B{V g§k`m ì`d{õ`ÝVoŸ&
ed
{H«$`mnXo  YmVw… + {dH$aUàË``: + {VL²>àË``: M B{V Ì`…^mJm…
ish
gpÝVŸ&
AÌ {VL>ÝV_od {H«$`mnX_²> B{V ì`d{õ`VoŸ&
re S
bl
CXm  nR²> + A + {V = nR>{V
B
pu
be T
g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m§ àm`… {Ûghò§> (2000) YmVd… gpÝVŸ& ì`dñWmÑï>²>`m Vo
YmVd… Xegw JUofw {d^ŠVm…Ÿ& EVo 2000 YmVd… nwZ… {ÌYm {d^ŠVm…Ÿ&
K
1. nañ_¡n{XZ…, 2. AmË_Zon{XZ… 3. C^`n{XZ… M B{V &

©
EVofm§ {H«$`mnXmZm§ Ì`… nwéfm… ^dpÝVŸ& Vo àW_nwéf… - _Ü`_nwéf…

- CÎm_nwéf… M B{VŸ& EVofm§ Ìr{U dMZm{Z A{n ^dpÝVŸ& Vm{Z EH$dMZ§,
{ÛdMZ§, ~hþdMZ§ M B{VŸ&
YmVw{^… `m {H«$`m à{VnmÚVo Vñ`m… Ì`… H$mbm… gå^dpÝVŸ&
to
H$mb… CXmhaU_²>
t
No
dV©_mZH$mb: nR>{V
^{dî`V²>H$mb… n{R>î`{V
^yVH$mb… AnR>V²>
{H«$`m`m… H$mbñ` AW©{deofñ` M ~moYZmWª Xe bH$mam… ^dpÝVŸ&
121
bQ²> dV©_mZo boQ²> doXo ^yVo bwL²>bL²>{bQ>ñVWmŸ&
{dÜ`m{efmoü {bL²>bmoQ>m¡ bwQ²> b¥Q²> b¥L²> M ^{dî`{VŸ&&
1. dV©_mZH$mbo YmVmo… bQ²>bH$ma… ^{dî`{VŸ&
2. Amkm,àmW©Zm BË`m{Xfw AW}fw YmVmo… bmoQ²>bH$ma… ^d{VŸ&
3. ^yVH$mbo bL²>bH$ma… ^d{VŸ&
ed
nR>²YmVw…
ish
bQ²>bH$ma… - dV©_mZH$mb… - nañ_¡nXr
nwéf…
re S EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²>
~hþdMZ_²>
bl
B
àW_nwéf…
pu am_… am_m¡ am_m…
be T
_mbm _mbo _mbm…
g… Vm¡
nR>{V nR>V… Vo nR>pÝV
K
gm Vo Vm…
©
VV²> Vo Vm{Z
_Ü`_nwéf… Ëd_²>  nR>{g `wdm§  nR>W… `y`_>² nR>W
CÎm_nwéf… Ah_²>  nR>m{_ Amdm§  nR>md… d`_²>  nR>m_…
to
^y YmVw…
bQ²>bH$ma…, dV©_mZH$mb… - nañ_¡nXr
t
No
nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>

àW_nwéf… ^d{V ^dV… ^dpÝV
_Ü`_nwéf… ^d{g ^dW… ^dW
CÎm_nwéf… ^dm{_ ^dmd… ^dm_…
122
Iob²> - YmVw…
àW_nwéf… Iob{V IobV… IobpÝV
_Ü`_nwéf… Iob{g IobW… IobW
CÎm_nwéf… Iobm{_ Iobmd… Iobm_…
ed
hg²> - YmVw…
ish
nwéf…
re S EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>
àW_nwéf… hg{V hgV… hgpÝV
bl
B
_Ü`_nwéf…
pu hg{g hgW… hgW
be T
CÎm_nwéf… hgm{_ hgmd… hgm_…
K
Jåb¥ (J_²>) YmVw…

©

àW_nwéf… JÀN>{V JÀN>V… JÀN>pÝV
_Ü`_nwéf… JÀN>{g JÀN>W… JÀN>W
CÎm_nwéf… JÀN>m{_ JÀN>md… JÀN>m_…
to
b¥Q²> bH$ma… ^{dî`V²H$mb:> - "nR²>' YmVw…

t
No

àW_nwéf… n{R>î`{V n{R>î`V… n{R>î`pÝV
_Ü`_nwéf… n{R>î`{g n{R>î`W… n{R>î`W
CÎm_nwéf… n{R>î`m{_ n{R>î`md… n{R>î`m_…
123
Iob²> - YmVw…
àW_nwéf… Io{bî`{V Io{bî`V… Io{bî`pÝV
_Ü`_nwéf… Io{bî`{g Io{bî`W… Io{bî`W
CÎm_nwéf… Io{bî`m{_ Io{bî`md… Io{bî`m_…
ed
hg²> YmVw…
ish
nwéf…
àW_nwéf… h{gî`{V h{gî`V… h{gî`pÝV
bl
B
_Ü`_nwéf…
pu h{gî`{g h{gî`W… h{gî`W
be T
CÎm_nwéf… h{gî`m{_ h{gî`md… h{gî`m_…
K
Jåb¥ (J_²>) YmVw…

©

àW_nwéf… J{_î`{V J{_î`V… J{_î`pÝV
_Ü`_nwéf… J{_î`{g J{_î`W… J{_î`W
CÎm_nwéf… J{_î`m{_ J{_î`md… J{_î`m_…
to
bL²> bH$ma… ^yVH$mb: - nR²> YmVw…

t
No

àW_nwéf… AnR>V²> AnR>Vm_²> AnR>Z²>
_Ü`_nwéf… AnR>… AnR>V_²> AnR>V
CÎm_nwéf… AnR>_²> AnR>md AnR>m_
124
Iob²> - YmVw…
àW_nwéf… AIobV²> AIobVm_²> AIobZ²>
_Ü`_nwéf… AIob… AIobV_²> AIobV
CÎm_nwéf… AIob_²> AIobmd AIobm_
ed
hg²> YmVw…
ish
nwéf…
àW_nwéf… AhgV²> AhgVm_²> AhgZ²>
bl
B
_Ü`_nwéf…
pu Ahg… AhgV_²> AhgV
be T
CÎm_nwéf… Ahg_²> Ahgmd Ahgm_
K
Jåb¥ (J_²>) - YmVw…

©

àW_nwéf… AJÀN>V²> AJÀN>Vm_²> AJÀN>Z²>
_Ü`_nwéf… AJÀN>… AJÀN>V_²> AJÀN>V
CÎm_nwéf… AJÀN>_²> AJÀN>md AJÀN>m_
to
bmoQ²> bH$ma… - nR²> YmVw…

t
No

àW_nwéf… nR>Vw / nR>VmV²> nR>Vm_² nR>ÝVw
_Ü`_nwéf… nR> / nR>VmV²> nR>V_²> nR>V
CÎm_nwéf… nR>m{Z nR>md nR>m_
125
Iob²> - YmVw…
àW_nwéf… IobVw/IobVmV²> IobVm_²> IobÝVw
_Ü`_nwéf… Iob / IobVmV² IobV_²> IobV
CÎm_nwéf… Iobm{Z Iobmd Iobm_
ed
hg²> YmVw…
ish
nwéf…
àW_nwéf… hgVw/hgVmV²> hgVm_²> hgÝVw
bl
B
_Ü`_nwéf… hg / hgVmV²>
pu hgV_²> hgV
be T
CÎm_nwéf… hgm{Z hgmd hgm_
K
Jåb¥ (J_²>) - YmVw

©

àW_nwéf… JÀN>Vw>/JÀN>VmV²> JÀN>Vm_²> JÀN>ÝVw
_Ü`_nwéf… JÀN> / JÀN>VmV²> JÀN>V_²> JÀN>V
CÎm_nwéf… JÀN>m{Z JÀN>md JÀN>m_
to
AmË_ZonXr - bQ²> bH$ma… - emo^²>YmVw…

t
No

àW_nwéf… emo^Vo emoôVo emo^ÝVo
_Ü`_nwéf… emo^go emoôWo emo^Üdo
CÎm_nwéf… emoô emo^mdho emo^m_ho
126
dY©²> YmVw…
àW_nwéf… dY©Vo dY}Vo dY©ÝVo
_Ü`_nwéf… dY©go dY}Wo dY©Üdo
CÎm_nwéf… dY} dYm©dho dYm©_ho
ed
b^²> - YmVw…
ish
nwéf…
àW_nwéf… b^Vo bôVo b^ÝVo
bl
B
_Ü`_nwéf… b^go bôWo b^Üdo
CÎm_nwéf… bô b^mdho b^m_ho
pu
be TK
EY²> YmVw…
©

àW_nwéf… EYVo EYoVo EYÝVo
_Ü`_nwéf… EYgo EYoWo EYÜdo
CÎm_nwéf… EYo EYmdho EYm_ho
to
{deof{H«$`mê$nm{U
Ag²> - YmVw: - bQ²> bH$ma:
t
No

àW_nwéf: ApñV ñV: gpÝV
_Ü`_nwéf: A{g ñW: ñW
CÎm_nwéf: Apñ_ ñd: ñ_:
127
H¥$Äm² (H¥$)> YmVw: - bQ²> bH$ma:
nwéfm… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>
àW_nwéf: H$amo{V Hw$éV: Hw$d©pÝV
_Ü`_nwéf: H$amo{f Hw$éW: Hw$éW
CÎm_nwéf: H$amo{_ Hw$d©: Hw$_©:
ed
Aä`mg…
ish
1. C{MV_²> CÎma§ {MËdm {bIV &
re S
bl
1) {H«$`mnXmZm§ _ybê$n_²> Ed§ H$Ï`VoŸ&
B
A) gw~ÝV: Am) {VL>ÝV: B) YmVw: B©) CngJ©:
pu
be T
2) dV©_mZH$mbo YmVmo: A`§ bH$ma: ^d{VŸ&

K
A) bL²> Am) bQ²> B) b¥Q²> B©) bmoQ²>

©
3) "h{gî`{V' Añ` ~hþdMZê$n_²> BX§ ^d{VŸ&

A) h{gî`m{_ Am) h{gî`W: B) h{gî`pÝV B©) h{gî`m_:
4) g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m§ àm`: EVmdÝV: YmVd: gpÝVŸ&
to
A) 2000 Am) 3000 B) 1000 B©) 5000

5) {H«$`mnXñ` Zm_mÝVa_²> BX§ ^d{VŸ&
t
A) gw~ÝV_²> Am) YmVw: B) àË``: B©) {VL>ÝV_²

No
2. BVadMZÛ`§ {bIV &

1. .......... nR>W: ..........Ÿ&
2. hgm{_ .......... ..........Ÿ&
128
3. .......... .......... JÀN>pÝV&
4. .......... AZ_Vm_²> ..........Ÿ&
5. .......... .......... hgWŸ&
6. n{R>î`{V .......... ..........Ÿ&
7. .......... emoôVo ..........Ÿ&
ed
8. JÀN>m{Z .......... ..........Ÿ&
ish
re S {H«$`mH$bmn…
bl
I. CXmhaUmZwgma§ ^yVH$mbdmŠ`m{Z {bIV &
B
dV©_mZH$mbo ^yVH$mbo
pu
be T
CXm 1. g: nR>{VŸ& g… AnR>V²>Ÿ&

K
2. am_: dZ§ JÀN>{VŸ& ...............Ÿ&

©
3. a_m boIÝ`m {bI{VŸ& ...............Ÿ&

4. ~mbH$: CÎma§ `ÀN>{VŸ& ...............Ÿ&
5. d¥jmV²> \$b§ nV{VŸ& ...............Ÿ&
to
II. C{MV{H«$`mnXoZ [aŠVñWmZ§ nya`V &

1. ~mbH$m: nwñVH$_²> ...........Ÿ& (AnR>_²>-AnR>V²>-AnR>Z²>)
t
2. qgh: dZo ...........Ÿ& (JO{g-JO©{V-JOm{_)

No
3. JJZo _oKm: ...........Ÿ& (MbpÝV-Mbmd:-MbVw)

4. Ah§ nyOm_²> ...........Ÿ& (AH$amoV²>-Hw$é-AH$ad_²>)
5. Ëd§ J¥h§ ...........Ÿ& (JÀN>-JÀN>Vw-JÀN>m{Z)
129
III. nwéfmZwJwU_²> AYmo{Z{X©ï>m{Z ê$nm{U {dÔV &
AJm`Vm_²> - emo^Vo - nR>ÝVw - {bI{V
Ymd{g - H$amo{V - AnR>: - Mmoa`pÝV
Z¥Ë`m{_ - AH«$sS>m_ - dÝXoWo - JÀN>V_²>
dXmd: - VmS>`pÝV - ImXpÝV - Z`Vm_²>
ed
àW_nwéf: _Ü`_nwéf: CÎm_nwéf:
ish
re S
bl
B
pu
be TK
©
IV. g§`moO`V &
A Am CÎmam{U
Ah_²> Jm`{V ............
to
Ëd_²> JÀN>m_: ............

Jm¡ar nR> ............
t
No
_mYd: {bIW ............

d`_²> A{n~_²> ............
`y`_²> ImX{V ............
*****
130
Aï>mXe… nmR>…
nÌboIZ_²>
{dam_nÌ_²>
ed
gH$memV²>,
Jm¡ar / JUoe…
ish
Aï>_H$ú`m "A' {d^mJ…
gd©H$mar`àm¡T>embm
re S
bl
hmgZ_²>
B
g{dYo,
pu
be T
_w»`monmÜ`m`…
K
gd©H$mar`àm¡T>embm
©
hmgZ_²>
_mÝ`m…,
{df`… - {XZÌ`ñ` {dam_§ gåàmÏ`©,
Ah§ œ… _mVm{nV¥ä`m§ gh _¡gyéZJa§ J{_î`m{_Ÿ& VÌ __ ~ÝYwJ¥ho
to
CËgd… dV©VoŸ& AV… œ… Amaä` {XZÌ`§ {dam_§ `ÀN>ÝVw B{V g{dZ`§ àmW©òŸ&
t
ñWb_²> - hmgZ_²> B{V {dYo`m N>mÌm / {dYo`… N>mÌ…

No
{XZm‘>… - 14-08-2019 Jm¡ar / JUoe…
131
nwñVH$àofU{dfò nÌ_²>
gH$memV²>,
_hoe… / _mbVr
J¥hg§»`m - 12/4, _w»`_mJ©…
{ed_mo½Jm>.
ed
g{dYo,
ish
à~ÝYH$…
AjaàH$meZg§ñWm
re S
{J[aZJa_²>
bl
B
~o“byé.
pu
be T
_mÝ`m…,
K
{df`… - Ano{jVm{Z nwñVH$m{Z gåàmÏ`©,

©
Ah_²> AYmo{b{IVm{Z nwñVH$m{Z H«o$Vw_²> BÀN>m{_Ÿ& H¥$n`m EVm{Z nwñVH$m{Z

àof`ÝVwŸ&
1. gabg§ñH¥$Vì`mH$aU_²> ............. 1
2. {Z~ÝYàH$me… ............. 1
to
3. g§ñH¥$V-Aä`mgnwpñVH$m ............. 1
t
No
gYÝ`dmX_²>,
ñWb_²> - {ed_mo½Jm ^dV… {dœmgnmÌ_²>,

{XZm‘>… - 08-12-2019 _hoe…/_mbVr
132
AdYo`m§e…
 nÌboIZmdgao EVo A§em: AdYo`m:Ÿ&
1) nÌñ` AmXm¡ Ed nÌboIH$ñ` g‘>oV: ^doV²>Ÿ&
2) ñdrH$Vw©: Zm_boIZ_²> Z A{Zdm`©_²>Ÿ& naÝVw nXmo„oI: Adí`§
ed
H$aUr`:Ÿ&
3) ñdrH$Vw©: nX_²> C{„»` Vñ` gå~moYZ§ ^doV²>Ÿ&
ish
`Wm -
re S
_mZZr`Ÿ/_mZZrò
bl
B
_mÝ`: / _mÝò
pu
be T
gånmXH$d`©
K
©
4) `pñ_Z²> {dfò nÌ§ {bIm_: g: {df`: EH$dmŠòZ ^doV²>&

5) {df`ñ` gmjmV²> CnñWmnZ§ ^d{VŸ& {ddaU§ MŸ&
6) Cng§hmao gm_mÝ`V: ^dXr`…Ÿ& ^dXr`m BË`mX`: ^dpÝVŸ&
7) AÌ boIH$ñ` hñVm‘>Z§ ^d{VŸ&
to
8) ñWb{ZX}e: nÌàofUñ` {XZm‘>: M ^d{VŸ&

t
No
133
{H«$`mH$bmn…
nÌboIZ_²
nÌofw `Wm ì`{ŠVJVm{Z nÌm{U ^dpÝV VW¡d H$m{ZMZ H$m`m©b`gå~Õm{Z
nÌm{U A{n ^dpÝVŸ& AÌ Aä`mgmWª H$m`m©b`gå~Õm{Z nÌm{U XÎmm{ZŸ&
nÌñdê$n_²> Ed§ ^{dVw_²> Ah©{VŸ&
ed
gH$memV²>
______________ 1. boIH$ñ` g‘>oV:
ish
________________
___________________
re S
bl
B
g{dYo,
pu ______________
be T
2.
________________ ñdrH$Vw©: g‘>oV:
K
___________________
©
3. gå~moYZ_²>
4. {df`: - ({df`Zm_)
5. à{VnmÚ: {df`:
to
6. Cng§hma:
t
No
7. hñVm‘>Z_²>
8. ñWb_²
{XZm‘>:>
134
 _ÄOyfm`m: C{MV§ nX§ ñdrH¥$Ë` nÌ§ nya`VŸ&
gH$memV²>,
am_: / a_m
.............
e‘>a_mJ©:
.............
ed
g{dYo,
gånmXH$:
ish
gå^mfUgÝXoe:
.................
re S
{J[aZJa_²>
bl
B
~o“byé - 85
............
pu
be TK
{df`: - J«mhH$ËdñdrH$aUm`
Ah§ gå^mfUgÝXoeñ` ......... kmVdmZ²>Ÿ& kmVdVr& VÌ àH$Q>ç_mZm:
©
boIm: ......... ^dpÝVŸ& AV: ......... n{ÌH$m`m: J«mhH$: ^{dVw_>² .........>Ÿ&

VXWª ......... àof`Z²>/ àof`ÝVr Apñ_Ÿ& ......... Adga§ H$ën`VwŸ&
^dXr`:/^dXr`m
am_:/a_m
to
ñWb_²> - hmgZ_²>
{XZm‘>: -
t
No
BÀN>m{_, YZ_²>, hmgZ_²>, {df`_²>

J¥hg§»`m 1/11, CÎm_m:, gånmXH$d`©
_mgn{ÌH$m, Ah_²>, H¥$n`m
135
ZdXe… nmR>…
à~ÝY…
àH¥$ï>mo ~ÝY… à~ÝY… BË`wÀ`Vo & {Z~ÝY… B{V Añ` Zm_mÝVa_² &
Zm{V{dñV¥V… Zm{Vg{¬áê$nmo à~ÝY… bKwà~ÝY… B{V H$Ï`Vo & à~ÝYo gabm{Z
ed
dmŠ`m{Z Ano[jVm{Z & _w»`V`m à~ÝYm… dU©ZmË_H$m…, {dMmamË_H$m…,
Am»`mZmË_H$m…, ì`m»`mZmË_H$m… Mo{V MVwYm© {d^º$m… & Am^mUH$m{X[^…
ish
à~ÝYm… AmH$f©H$m… ^dpÝV & EVmZ² gdm©Z² A§emZ² _Z{g {ZYm` N>mÌ¡… à~ÝYm…
aMZr`m… &
re S
à~ÝYo àñVmdZm, {df`{Zê$nU_², Cng§hmaíMo{V {Zê$nUH«$_… Ano[jV…
bl
B
& àñVmdZm`m§ à~ÝY{df`ñ` CnH«$_…, {df`{Zê$nU^mJo {df`ñ` {dñVma…,
pu
be T
Cng§hma^mJo à~ÝY{df`ñ` gmam§e… M ^doV² & à~ÝYo dmŠ`mZm§ nañnagå~ÝY…
Amdí`H$… & CXmhaUmW©_² AÌ Ho$MZ à~ÝYm… àXÎmm… &
K
1. Xoe^{ŠV…
©
~mëò Ed Xoe^{ŠV{dfò Amg{ŠV… ^doV>² Ÿ& d`§ "_mV¥Xdo mo ^d' B{V

Cn{ZfÛmŠ`§ ñ_aÝV… _mVa§ àU_m_…Ÿ& VÛV²> "^maV_mVm' A{n Añ_mH§$ OZZr
ApñVŸ& AV… "^maV_mVw…' nyOm H$aUr`mŸ& Añ_mgw Xoe^{ŠV… gXm ^doV>²Ÿ& Añ_mH§$
J¥hñ` ajU§ `Wm à_wI§ VW¡d XoeajU_²> A{n Añ_mH§$ _hÎd^yV§ H$m`©_>² Ÿ& àW_§
to
Xoe{hV{MÝVZ§, VV… ñd{hV{MÝVZ_²>Ÿ& Ed_²> Añ_mH§$ YmaUm ^doV>² Ÿ&

2. J«ÝWmb`…
t
J«ÝWmb`… N>mÌmUm§ Áòð>mZm§ gd}fm_{n Xod_pÝXa_²>ŸBd ApñV& nwñVH$ñ`

No
nR>ZZo ì`{ŠVËd{dH$mg… ^d{VŸ& J«ÝWmbò {dkmZ_², ^mfm, J{UV_²>, B{Vhmg…,

H$Wm…, ZmQ>H$_²> Ed§ gd©{df`H$m… J«ÝWm… ^dpÝVŸ& {XZn{ÌH$m… A{n ^dpÝVŸ&
{XZn{ÌH$mnR>ZoZ Xoe-{dXoeñ` dmVm©… km`ÝVoŸ& J«ÝWmb`ñ` Cn`moJ… N>mÌ¡…
H$aUr`…Ÿ& ZJaofw J«m_ofw gd©Ìm{n J«ÝWmb`… ^d{VŸ&
136
3. {dÚmb`àdmg…
Añ_mH§$ {dÚmbò à{Vdfª {dÚmb`àdmg… ^dËòdŸ& Xoeg#mma… H$aUr`…
H$mof… nR>Zr`… BË`w{ŠV… à{gÕm ApñVŸ& AV… àm`… gd©Ì embmgw e¡j{UH$-
àdmg… {H«$`VoŸ&
Ah§ àdmg§ ~hþ BÀN>{_Ÿ& `V… VÌ {_Ì¡… gh H«$s{S>Vw§ eŠ`Vo & `{X Ob§
ed
^d{V, V{h© Obo A{n H«$sS>m{_Ÿ&
Eo{Vhm{gH§$ ñWb§, Ob~ÝY…, Xodmb`…, Ed§ {d{dYofw àXoeofw àdmg…
ish
{H«$`VoŸ& H$Xm{MV²> {XZÌ`ñ` n#m{XZmZm_²> EH${XZñ` dm àdmg… ^d{VŸ&
{dÚm{W©OrdZo H¥$Vñ` àdmgñ` ñ_aU§ AJ«o@{n Adí`§ ^d{VŸ& Añ_mH§$
re S
bl
H$Um©Q>H$amÁò ~obyê$, hio~rSw>, _¡gyé, CSw>{n, H$mo„ÿé, nånmjoÌ_²>, {MÌXwJ©… -
B
Ed§ à{gÕàdmg- ñWmZm{Z gpÝVŸ& _`m gh {_Ìm{U __ Jwad… M AmJÀN>pÝVŸ&
pu
be T
Jwad… àdmgñ` _hÎd§ H$W`pÝVŸ& Vo B{Vhmgñ` d¡{eîQ>ç§ dU©`pÝVŸ&
K
4. am_mÙ_²>
©
am_mÙ§ loð>_²> Am{XH$mì`_²>Ÿ& Añ` aM{`Vm lrdmë_r{H$_h{f©…Ÿ& am_mÙo

gá H$mÊS>m… gpÝVŸ& Apñ_Z²> H$mìò lram_H$Wm d{U©Vm ApñVŸ&
lram_… AmXe©nwéf…, {nV¥dmŠ`n[anmbH$… M AmgrV²>Ÿ& g… dZ§ JËdm
MVwX©e dfm©{U C{fVdmZ²>Ÿ& amjgmZm§ hZZ§ H¥$VdmZ²>MŸ& amdU… grVm`m…
AnhaU§ H¥$VdmZ²>Ÿ& AmÄOZo`… grVm`m… AÝdofU§ H$Vwª g_wÐñ` C„”Z§ H¥$VdmZ²>Ÿ&
to
lram_amdU`mo… _Üò Kmoa`wÕ§ OmV_²>Ÿ& am_oU amdU… hV…Ÿ& Ed§ Xwï>mZm§ XÊS>Z§
{eï>mZm§ ajU§ M lram_ñ` OrdZbú`_²> AmgrV²>Ÿ&
t
No
lram_… Ë`mJ_`… AmgrV²>Ÿ& àmáñ` amÁ`ñ` Ë`mJ§ H¥$Ëdm g… dZ§

JVdmZ²>Ÿ& àOmgw gÝXoh… Z ^doV²> B{V nËZt grVmXodt dZ§ à{V ào{fVdmZ²>Ÿ&
Ed§ lram_ñ` AmXe©JwUm… gd£… AZwH$aU`mo½`m… gpÝVŸ&
*****
137
qde… nmR>…
AZwdmX…
1. ºÀ Ä qÀ Ä UÀ £ À Ä ¥À æ w ¢£À ±Á¯É U É ºÉ Æ ÃUÀ Ä vÁÛ £ É . C°è CªÀ £ À Ä UÀ Ä gÀ Ä UÀ ¼ À
ªÀiÁUÀðzÀ±Àð£ÀªÀ£ÀÄß C£ÀÄ¸Àj¸ÀÄvÁÛ£É. ±ÀæzÉÞ¬ÄAzÀ ¥ÁoÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÉÃ¼ÀÄvÁÛ£É.
ed
fÃªÀ£ÀzÀ°è GvÀÛªÀÄ £ÁUÀjPÀ£ÁUÀÄvÁÛ£É.
2. ObnyU©… _oK… AmH$meo JO©{VŸ& _oKñ` JO©Z§ lwËdm _`yam… Z¥Ë`pÝVŸ&
ish
ObYa… OboZ ^yq_ {g#m{VŸ& H¥${fH$m… A{n gÝVwï>m… ^dpÝVŸ&
re S
3. £Á£ÀÄ JAl£ÉAiÀÄ vÀgÀUÀwAiÀÄ «zÁåyðAiÀiÁVzÝÉÃ£É. £Á£ÀÄ ¥Àæw¢£À ¨É½UÉÎ
bl
B
5.00 WÀAmÉUÉ K¼ÀÄvÉÛÃ£É. AiÉÆÃUÁ¸À£À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ zÉÃªÀgÀ ¥ÀÇeÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀiÁqÀÄvÉÛÃ£É.
pu
be T
-vÁ¬ÄvÀAzÉAiÀÄjUÉ ªÀA¢¹ ±Á¯ÉUÉ ºÉÆÃUÀÄvÉÛÃ£É.
K
4. ^maVo ~ôì`… ZÚ… àdhpÝVŸ& AÌ ~hÿ{Z nwÊ`joÌm{U gpÝVŸ& AV… ^maV§

nwÊ`^y{_… B{V à{gÕ_² ApñVŸ& d`§ gd} ^maVr`m…Ÿ&
©
5. ªÀÄPÀÌ¼ÀÄ QÃæqÁAUÀtzÀ°è DlªÁqÀÄvÁÛgÉ. Dl¢AzÀ DgÉÆÃUÀåªÀÅ ºÉZÀÄÑvÀÛzÉ.

NzÀÄªÀÅzÀjAzÀ §Ä¢Þ «PÁ¸ÀªÁUÀÄvÀÛz.É DzÀÝjAzÀ fÃªÀ£z
À °
À è NzÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
DlªÁqÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ ªÀÄÄRåªÁVzÉ.
6. g§ñH¥$Vo ~hÿ{Z H$mì`m{Z gpÝVŸ& Vofw "am_mÙ_²>' "_hm^maV_²>' M à{gÕo
to
H$mìòŸ& am_mÙñ` H$Vm© dmë_r{H$…Ÿ& _hm^maVñ` H$Vm© doXì`mg…Ÿ&

t
7. ¨sÁgÀwÃAiÀÄgÀ ¥À«vÀæ UÀA

æ xÀ ¨sU
À ª
À ¢
À ÎÃvÉ. ¨sU
À ª
À ¢
À ÎÃvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¥Àp¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀjAzÀ £ÀªÄÀ ä
No
ªÀÄ£À¹ìUÉ ±ÁAw zÉÆgÉAiÀÄÄvÀÛz.É DzÀÝjAzÀ £ÁªÀÅ ¥Àw

æ ¢£ÀªÇÀ CzÀ£ÄÀ ß NzÀÄvÉÛÃªÉ.
8. _hm^maV§ H$m¡adnmÊS>dmZm§ H$WmŸ& AÌ AdVmanwéfñ` lrH¥$îUñ` H$Wm,
{dXwamonXoe…, ^rî_monXoe… M à{gÕm…ŸA§em…&
*****
138
nyaH$nmR>m…
1. na_H$mé{UH$… _h{f©…
ed
ish
re S
bl
B
pu
be TK
©
1. nwam H$íMZ _h{f©… eH$Q>_mJ} YmdÝV§ H${#mV²> H$sQ>_² Aní`V²Ÿ& g…

_w{Z… gd©k…& AV… g… gd©àm{UZm_² BhnaJqV ^mfm§ M OmZm{V ñ_Ÿ& g… H$sQ>_²
An¥ÀN>V²Ÿ-"" ao! H$sQ> ! Hw$Ì Ymd{g ? Hw$V… Vo ^`_² AmJV_²?'' B{VŸ& H$sQ>…
AH$W`V² - ""^mo… VnmoYZ ! VÌ ní`VwŸ& eH$Q>… doJoZ AmJÀN>{VŸ& EVñ` eãX§
lwËdm __ Vw _hV² ^`_²Ÿ& AV… OrdajmWª àd¥Îm… Ah§ erK«§ Ymdm{_'' B{VŸ&
to
2. VXm _w{Z… AdXV² -""OrdZajU_² Ed ApÝV_§ bú`§ {H$_²? OÝ_mÝVa§

bãÜdm BVmoo@>{n gmYZm§ H$Vªw eŠ`Vo {H$b?''
t
No
3. EVV² lwËdm H$sQ>… AJXV²Ÿ& ho _hm_wZo! nyd©pñ_Z² OÝ_{Z YZmT>çmo@

h§ H¥$nU… Xw~w©{Õ… M Amg_²Ÿ& Vñ` \$b_² Ed BX§ OÝ_Ÿ& naÝVw d¥Õm`m… _mVw…
godm_² AH$ad_²Ÿ& Añ`m… godm`m… _{håZm Ah§ nyd©d¥Îm§ ñ_am{_Ÿ& ho _hmàmk! _m§
ajŸ& ^dV… H$éUm _{` ^dVw ""B{V Xw…IoZ àmW©`V²Ÿ& VXm g… _w{Z…-""Ah§
Ëdm§ H$sQ>OÝ_Z… Vma{`î`m{_'' B{V CŠËdm Vnmo~bmV² V§ H$sQ>_² AVma`V²Ÿ&
139
4. H$ñ`{MV²> H$sQ>ñ` {dfò@{n òZ Ed§ _hmZ² AmXa… àX{e©V… g… _h{f©…
na_X`mbw… gË`dVr-namea`mo… gwV… H¥$îUÛ¡nm`Z…Ÿ& ~X[aH$ml_o {MaH$mb_²
A{Vð>V² B{V H$maUV… ~mXamÙ… B{V Vñ` Zm_ OmV_²Ÿ& g… AÜ``Zgm¡H$`m©Wª
doX{d^mJ_² AH$amoV²Ÿ& AV… Vñ` doXì`mg… BË`{n Zm_ A^dV²Ÿ&
5. n#m_mo doX… B{V »`mV_² ApñV _hm^maV_²Ÿ& ""`{XhmpñV VXÝ`Ì
ed
`Þohm{ñV Z VV² ¹${MV²'' B{V Efm C{º$… _hm^maVñ` d¡{eîQ>ç§ gyM`{VŸ&
^JdVm lr H¥$îUoZ Cn{Xï>m ^JdÒrVm _hm^maVo ^rî_nd©{U ApñVŸ& _
ish
hm^maV_², Aï>mXe nwamUm{Z, ~«÷gyÌm{U M ì`mg_h{f©… AaM`V²Ÿ& Vñ`
ñ_aUmW©_² AmamYZmWª M AmfmT>ny{U©_m§ Jwény{U©_m B{V, ì`mgny{U©_m B{V dm
re S
bl
bmoHo$ AmMapÝVŸ&
B
6. doXmoº$Y_©ñ` AZwð>mZ§ doXì`mgñ` ñ_aUoZ ^d{V B{V _Ý`_mZm…
pu
be T
^maVr`m… ì`mgny{U©_m{XZ§ à{Vdf©_² AmMapÝVŸ& d`_{n kmZmH$m§{jU…Ÿ& lÕ`m

K
AmfmT>ny{U©_mdgao ^JdÝV§ doXì`mg_² AM©`m_…Ÿ&

©
ì`mg§ d{gð>Záma§ eºo$… nm¡Ì_H$ë_f_² &

nameamË_O§ dÝXo ewH$VmV§ Vnmo{Z{Y_² &&
Aä`mg…
to
I. nÄMf¡… dmŠ`¡… H$Um©Q>H$^mf`m g§ñH¥$V^mf`m Am“²b^mf`m dm CÎma§

[bIV &
t
1. _h{f©H$sQ>`mo… g§dmX§ {bIV&

No
2. ì`mg_hf}… d¡{eîQ>ç§ {bIV&

***
140
2. {^jwH$ñ` ñdßZ…
ed
ish
re S
bl
B
pu
be T
1. H$píMV²> J«m_…Ÿ& Vpñ_Z²> J«m_o H${üV² {^jwH$… dg{VŸ& g… à{V{XZ§
K
{^jmQ>ZoZ OrdZ§ `mn`{VŸ& H$Xm{MV² g… {^jwH$… àmV… Amaä` {^jm`mMZ§

H¥$Ëdm gm`§ J«m_ñ` Y_©embm_²> AJÀN>V²>Ÿ& Vpñ_Z² {XZo bãY_² Amhma_² AmH$ÊR>§
©
^wŠËdm VÌ¡d e`Z_² AH$amoV²Ÿ& gwI{ZÐm`m§ Vñ` ñdßZ… Ed§ àdV©VoŸ&

2. Vñ` amÁ`ñ` AnwÌ… _hmamO… _aU§ àmßñ`{VŸ& Vñ` _aUmZÝVa§ amÁ`ñ`
CÎmam{YH$ma§ H$… ñdrH$[aî`{V B{V MMm© ^{dî`{VŸ& VÌ AmñWmZnpÊS>Vm… H$d`…
Áòð>m… BË`mX`… CnpñWVm… ^{dî`pÝVŸ& gd} MMmª H¥$Ëdm Ed§ {ZU©`§ H$[aî`pÝV
to
- ""JOm` _mbm§ XÎdm àof{`î`m_…Ÿ& g… JO… `ñ` H$ÊR>o _mbm_² An©{`î`{V,

g… Ed Añ` amÁ`ñ` _hmamO… ^{dî`{V'' B{VŸ& VV… gd} JOm` _mbm§
t
No
XÎdm àof{`î`pÝVŸ& g… JO… _mbm§ ñdrH¥$Ë` gd©Ì AQ>Z§ H$[aî`{VŸ& AÝVo g…

{^jwH$ñ` g_rn_²> AmJ{_î`{VŸ& Vñ` H$ÊR>o _mbm_² An©{`î`{V MŸ&
3. amÁò gd} OZm… ""Ef… Ed BV… na§ amÁò gdm©Z²> nmb{`î`{V'' B{V
KmofU§ H$[aî`pÝVŸ& AZÝVa§ gd} dmÚKmofoU gh {^jwH§$ amO^dZ§ Zoî`pÝV,
141
nÅ>m{^foH§$ H$[aî`pÝV MŸ& VXZÝVa§ _hmamOñ` nwÌr_² Añ_¡ XÎdm {ddmh§
H$[aî`pÝVŸ& g… nwÌ§ nwÌt M bãÜdm gwIoZ OrdZ§ `mn{`î`{VŸ&
4. H${Vn`dfm©Um_² AZÝVa§ nwÌñ` nwÍ`m… M {ddmhmWª {gÕVm§ H$[aî`pÝVŸ&
{ddmhmdgao nwaOZm… ~mÝYdm… M EH$Ì _o{bî`pÝVŸ& gd}fm§ Xe©ZoZ _hmamO…
A{n gÝVmof_² AZw^{dî`{VŸ&
ed
5. VXm H$píMV² g¡{ZH$… doJoZ AmJ{_î`{V, H$W{`î`{V M - ""_hmamO!
AZoHo$ eÌd… `wÕmW©_² AmJVm… gpÝV'' B{VŸ& VXm _hmamO… H$monoZ CÀM¡…
ish
AmH«$ÝXZ§ H$[aî`{VŸ& VmdVm {^jwH$ñ` OmJaU§ ^{dî`{VŸ& `Xm g… ZoÌo
re S
CÝ_rb`{V VXm nyd©ñ`m§ {X{e gy`©ñ` àH$me§ ní`{VŸ& gy`©Xod§ Z_ñH¥$Ë`
bl
B
ñdH$m`©ñ` {^jmQ>Zñ` Amaå^§ H$amo{VŸ&
pu
be T
Aä`mg…
K

©
[bIV &
1. {^jwH$… H$W§ amOm A^dV² ?
2. {^jwH$… ñdßZo qH$ qH$ {MÝV`{V ?
to
***
t
No
142
3. EH$bì`ñ` Jwé^{º$…
AmgrV² ÐmoUmo Zm_ à{WVmo YZwd}XmMmW©: & H$Xm{MÎmñ` YZwd}XH$m¡eb§
g_rú` Hw$éHw$b{nVm_h: ^rî_: V§ ñdZJa_mZ`V² & ñdnm¡ÌmZ² H$m¡adnmÊS>dmZ²
Vñ` {eî`mZ² MH$ma M & g M ÐmoU: VmZ² {dÚm`m§ n[aUVmZ² AH$amoV²& Jwé:
ed
AOw©Zñ` YZwd}Xo na_§ àmdrÊ`§ drú` A{VVam§ àrV: & AdXV² M - AOw©Z, Ëdm§
bmoH$moÎma§ YZwY©a§ H$[aî`m{_ B{V &
ish
ÐmoUñ` H$m¡eb§ lwËdm ~hdmo amOnwÌm: Aómä`mgm` VÌmJVm: & {haÊ`YZwfmo
re S
{ZfmXamOñ` nwÌ: EH$bì`mo@{n ÐmoUg_rn_mJV: & ÐmoU: {ZfmXHw$_ma_oH$bì`§
bl
B
{ej{`Vw_{ZÀN>Z² AdXV² & EH$bì`, Ëd§ __ {eî`mo@{g & ñdJ¥ho Ed Aó{dÚm§
pu
{ejñd& eaà`moJo ~bdÎmamo ^{dî`{g B{V & EH$bì`ñVw ÐmoUñ` nmXm¡ {ea{g
be T
H¥$Ëdm ñd^dZ_mJV: & VÌ ÐmoUñ` _¥Ê_`t à{V_m§ {dYm`, Vm§ _y{V© § gXm nyO`Z²
K
ñd`_od Aó{dÚm_{ejV& A{MamXod Aó{dÚm`m§ àmdrÊ`_b^V&

©
EH$Xm ÐmoUñ`mk`m& H$m¡adnmÊS>dm _¥J`m§ H$Vwª dZ_JÀN>Z² & Vofw _¥J`m§

Hw$d©Ëgw gma_o`: An[a{MV_oH$bì`§ ÑîQ‰>m A^fV² & AZwnX_od g ^fVíewZmo
_wIo gáeamZnya`V²& g ûdm eanyUm©ñ`: AOw©Zg_rn_mJÀN>V²& g Vw V§ {dbmoŠ`
{dpñ_V: V§ ea_moMZàdrU_pÝdî`Z² ^«mV¥>{^: gh AmJË`, A{daV§ eamZ²
to
à`wÄOmZ§ EH$bì`_ní`V² & "H$mo ^dmZ²?' BË`n¥>ÀN>ƒ & g Vw {ZfmXm{YnVo:

gwV: YZwd}Xo H¥$Vn[al_: ÐmoU{eî`mo@h_² BË`dXV² &
t
No
VXmH$Ê`© {dpñ_Vm: gd} à{V{Zd¥Ë` gd©_wXÝV§ Jwado ÐmoUm` {ZdoX`m_mgw:&

AOw©ZñVw ah{g ÐmoUg{Þ{Y_mJË`- ""Jwamo, VÌ^dVm Vw- Ëdm§ bmoH$moÎma§ YZwY©a§
H$[aî`m{_ BË`{^{hV_²& BXmZt Vw AaÊò ^dXÝVodmgr _Îmmo@{n Aó-{dÚm-
Hw$ebVa: EH$bì`mo {Zdg{V& H$W_oVV²?'' BË`n¥ÀN>V²&
143
ÐmoUñVw _whVy ª {dMm`© AOwZ© Zo gh dZ_JÀN>V&² VÌ ñdmH¥${V{dam{OVà{V_m`m:
nwaV: Aó{dÚmä`mg{ZaV§ EH bì`_ní`V²& g Vw Am`mÝV§ ÐmoU_dbmoŠ`
V_wng§Jå` {eagm àUå` A¿`©nmÚm{X{^: AmamY`m_mg& ÐmoUñVw n«rV_Zm:
-"`{X _o {eî`mo@{g V{h© JwéX{jUm§ Xo{h' BË`~«drV²& VXm "qH$ XXm{Z'
ed
B{V ^{º$Z_«: EH$bì`: àmÄO{b{Z©doX`m_mg & "Vd X{jUhñVm“xð>§
JwéX{jUmWª Xo{h' B{V ÐmoU: gwXméU_JXV² &
ish
ÐmoUñ` VmÑe§ dMZ§ lwËdm à{Vkm ajZ² EH$bì`mo _wXm X{jUH$am“xð>§ {N>Ëdm
ÐmoUm` àmXmV² & EH$bì`ñ` VmÑet dra^qº$ {dbmoŠ` gd} {dpñ_Vm A^dZ²& Xodmü
re S
bl
Vñ`mon[a-Hw$gw_d¥{ï>>_df©Z² & VV: g nydd© V² eamZ² _moº$w _g_Wm}@^dV²&
B
pu
be T
EH$_odmja§ `ñVw Jwé… {eî`§ à~moYòV²&
K
n¥{Wì`m§ ZmpñV VX²Ðì`§ `ÔËdm MmZ¥Ur ^doV² &&

©
Aä`mg…
[bIV &
to
1. EH$bì`ñ` Jwé^qº$ {dd¥UwV &

t
No
***
144
4. A¸$_hmXodr (1130-1160)
_h>mXodr H$Um©Q>H$ñ` [ed_mo½J_ÊS>bñ` [eH$m[anwamon_ÊS>bñ` "CSw>V[S>'
B[V J«m_o àm`… [H«$.e. 1130 V_o df} AOm`V & Vñ`m… [nVm [Z_©beo[Å>
_mVm M gw_[V… gÒþUgånÞm Efm ~mëò Ed nyOm[Xfw Ym{_©H$H$m`}fw [Z_¾m
ed
A^dV²&
_h>mXodr Aà[V_gwÝXar AmgrV² & Vñ`m… gm¡ÝX`}U AmH¥$ï… amOm H$m¡[eH$…
ish
Vm§ n[aUoVw§ _ZíMH$ma & naÝVw MoÞ_[„H$mOw©Z_od ñdn[V§ _Ý`_mZm gm amk…
Ame`§ [VañH¥$VdVr & [H$ÝVw Vñ`m… [nVam¡ amk…> ^rVm¡ H$m¡[eH§$ n[aUoVw§
re S
bl
Vm_² Am[XïdÝVm¡ & AZÝèaUm _h>mXodr H$m¡[eH§$ n[aUoVw_² A“rMH$ma &
B
[H$ÝVw gm [Z~©ÝYÌ`§ Vñ` nwaV… [Z{X©ïdVr & {H$ÝVw H$m¡{eH$… {Z~©ÝYÌ`ñ`
pu
be T
Cëb”Z§ H¥$VdmZ² &

K
VXm _h>mXodr H$m¡[eH$§ n[aË`Á` amO^dZmV² ~{hJ©VdVr & VV… gmjmV²

©
H$ëÙZJat à[dïdVr & VÌ A„_à^mo… AmÜ`úò [Z[_©Vo AZw^d_ÊS>no

AÜ`mË_[df`mZ² bmoHo$ä`… Cn[XXoe &
_hXoì`m… H$[R>ZV_§ d¡am½`_² AdbmoŠ` _yH$[d[ñ_Vm… A„_à^w~gdm[XeaUm…
Vm_² "AŠH$' "d¡am½`[Z[Y…' B[V gå~mo[YVdÝV…& H$mbmÝVao gm lre¡b_²
to
AmJË` VÌ g_rno H$XbrdZo MoÞ_[„H$mOw©Zñ` Xe©Z§ ñdrH¥$VdVr& VV:

VÌ g_rno H$XbrdZo MoÞ_[„H$mOw©Zo EoŠ`“Vm&
t
"`moJm“[Ì[d[Y…', "g¥[ï` dMZ', "_ÝÌJm¡ß`' B[V {Vò: H¥$Vr…

No
AŠH$_h>mXodr AaM`V²& "MoÞ_[„H$mOw©Z' B[V A>[‘VZmåZm B`§ ~hÿ>[Z

dMZm[Z a[MVdVr & EVm[Z M ^[º$^mdnyUm©[Z ~moYàXm[Z M dV©ÝVo &
145
AÌ¡H$_² CXmh>aÊ_²-
"~oÅ>X _obmoÝXþ _Zo` _m[S> _¥JJ[i>J[ÄOXmoSoÝVæ`&
g_wÐX V[S>`bm|Xþ _Zo` _m[S> ZmoaoVoaoJ[i>J[ÄOXmoSoÝVæ`&
gÝVo`moimoÝXþ _Zo` _m[S> eãXŠHo$ Zm[MXmoS>oÝVæ`&
ed
MoÞ_[„H$mOw©ZXod Ho$i>æ` & bmoH$XmoH$moi>Jo hþ>[Å>X ~[i>H$
ñVw{V {ZÝXZoJi>w ~ÝXS>o _ZX{„ H$mondVmi>Xo g_mYm{Z`m{Ja~oHw$ &&
ish
Añ` gmam§e… A`_²-
re S
bl
nd©VmJ«o `[X J¥h§> [H«$`Vo V[h©> _¥Joä`… Z ôVì`_² &
B
pu
g_wÐVrao `[X J¥h§> [H«$`Vo V[h©> ObVa“oä`… Z ôVì`_²&
be TK
[dnÊ`m§ `[X J¥h§> [H«$`Vo V[h©> eãXoä`… Z ôVì`_² &

©
bmoHo$ OZZmV² AZÝVa§ ñVw[V{ZÝXmä`m§ _Z[g H$monmo _m^yV² g_mYmZr M

^doV² &
[bIV &
to
1. [H$_Wª _h>mXodr H$m¡[eH§$ n[aUoVw_² A“rMH$ma ?

t
2. _hmXodr H$Xm H$m¡{eH§$ n[aË`Á` ~{h… JVdVr?

No
***
146
n[a{eï>>_²
1. dmŠàMZmH$m¡eb_²
gy`m}X`…
ed
ish
re S
bl
B
pu
be TK
©
* CXmhaU dmŠ`§ n{R>Ëdm, _ÄOyfmV… nX§ {MËdm [aº$ñWmZ_² nya`V-

CXm : gy`m}X`… a_Ur`… ApñV&
1) gy`©… {X{e CXo{V&
to
2) à^mVo {H$aUm… ^dpÝV&

3) gy`©{H$aUm… {dH$mg`[ÝV &
t
No
4) gy`©Z_ñH$ma… dY©`{V &
Amamo½`_², nwînm{U, aº$dU}, nyd©ñ`m§
147
Xrnmdbr
ed
ish
re S
bl
B
pu
be T
* _ÄOyfmV… nX§ {MËdm dmŠ`m{Z aM`V-

K
Ym{_©H$moËgd…, ~mbH$…, J¥h_², d¥j…, Xrnm…, bú_rnyOm

©
Jm¡V_ ~wÕ:
tto
No
* {MÌ§ Ñï²>dm dmŠ`m{Z aM`V&

148
J«m_:
ed
ish
re S
bl
B
pu
be T
ZXr
K
t ©
to
No

149
2. nXH$mof…
Yr_ÝV… Ÿá©œÍÝÈWÜÙÜá Intelligent Wise
n{V… WÜívÜ Husband
H¥$n`m ¨Ü¿áËoár Please
nm{UJ«hU_²> ËÊÝÖÜ (ÊÜá¨ÜáÊæ) Marriage, Wedding
ed
{Z…ñn¥h… ¯@ÓÝÌ¦ì Selfless
eH$Q>_mJ©… WÝw ÓÜíaÜÄÓÜáÊÜ ¨ÝÄ Cart Street
ish
YZmT²>`… ÎÅàÊÜáíñÜ Rich, Wealthy
H¥$nU…
re S i±Üâ| Miser
WèÃÜÊÜ Respect, Honour
bl
AmXa…
B
à{WV… pu ±ÜÅÔ¨Üœ Famous, Well-known
be T
Hw$brZ… ÓÜgj®Ü, ÓÜñÜáRÆ¨ÜÈÉ ÖÜáqr¨ÜÊÜ Noble, Born in noble family

K
km{V… Ÿí«Üá, ÓÜíŸí— Relative

gmo_… aÜí¨ÜÅ Moon
©
à^mH$a… ÓÜã¿áì Sun

CXa doXZm Öæãpær ®æãàÊÜâ Stomachache
ø… ¯®æ° Yesterday
ImÚ_²> £íw Eatable
to
n‘>… PæÓÜÃÜá Dirt Mud

da_²> EñÜ¤ÊÜá, ÁãàWÜÂ Good
LÐÜ— Medicine
t
ôfO…
No
nÏ`_²> ×ñÝÖÝÃÜ Diet

VH«$_²> ÊÜáijWæ Buttermilk
_oYm Ÿá©œ Wisdom
H¥$îU… PÜ±Üâ³ Black
150
CËgd… ÖÜŸº Festival
{nH$… PæãàXÇæ Cuckoo
ì`gZ_²> ¨ÜáÍÜco Vice

lmo{V«`… Êæç©PÜ, Êæà¨Ü±ÜíwñÜ Learned in Vedas, Vedic
Pandit
ŸÃÜWÝÆ Famine
ed
Xw{^©j…
AWª ÖÜ|, ÓÜí±ÜñÜá¤ Wealth
ish
jnUH$… hæç®Ü/¸è¨Üœ ÓÜí®ÝÂÔ Jain Monk
d{UH$²>
re S ÊÝÂ±ÝÄ Merchant
PÝ~Pæ Gift
bl
Cnm`Z_²>
B
Zm{nV…pu PèÒÄPÜ Barber
be T
H$ZH$_² ŸíWÝÃÜ Gold

ŸvÜÊÜ
K
{ZY©Z… Poor
{IÞm… ¨Üá@UñÜ Sad, Worried
©
{Z{Y… ÓÜí±ÜñÜá¤ Wealth

nwaOZm… FÄ®ÜÊÜÃÜá Citizen
CÝ_rb`{V ñæÃæ¿ááñÝ¤®æ Opens
nÞJ… ÓÜ±Üì Serpent, Snake

to
{Oˆm ®ÝÈWæ Tongue
AmË_Om ÊÜáWÜÙÜá Daughter

t
No
éÐ… ÎÊÜ Shiva
A{Zb… WÝÚ Wind, Air
AH©$… ÓÜã¿áì Sun
n[aîHw$d©pÝV ÓÜÌaÜf ÊÜÞvÜáñÝ¤Ãæ Clean (V)
151
AmnU… AíWÜw Shop
ZyVZ_²> ÖæãÓÜ New
ñ\$moQ>H$_² ±ÜpÝQ Cracker
Amdbr ÓÝÆá Series
ObV¥îUm ¨ÝÖÜ, ¸Ý¿ÞÄPæ Thirst
ed
P{Q>{V ¸æàWÜ®æ Suddenly
~{h… ÖæãÃÜWæ Out side
ish
{dH$bm“… AíWÜ×à®Ü Handicapped
C{fËdm
re S ÊÝÔÔ Having Resided
`moJXmZ_² PæãvÜáWæ Contribution
bl
B
^m¡VemñÌ_²
pu »èñÜÍÝÓÜ÷ Physics
be T
{nnmgm ¸Ý¿ÞÄPæ Thirst
ÃÜÓÝ¿á®ÜÍÝÓÜ÷ Chemistry
K
agVÝÌ_²
ewîH$nU©_² J|X¨Ü GÇæ Dry leaf
©
`moOZ_² ¸ÀÄªÀiÁgÀÄ 12 Q.Ëáà. ¨ÜãÃÜ About 12 k.ms. distance

H$bÌ_² ÖæívÜ£ Wife
Mmé ÓÜáí¨ÜÃÜ, EñÜ¢ÐÜr Beautiful
A{L²>K«… ±Ý¨Ü, PÝÆá foot
ÊæãÊÜá¾WÜ Grand Son (Son's son)
to
nm¡Ì…
Aa{dÝX… PÜÊÜáÆ Lotus
ÊÜá®ÜÓÜáÕ Mind
t
{MÎm_²
No
^moJ… ÓÜáS Enjoyment

dmOr PÜá¨ÜáÃæ Horse
{dÎm_²> ÖÜ| Money
dmpÄN>V_²> ÊÜá®ÜÔÕ®Ü Ÿ¿áPæ Wants, Disires
152
VQ>… ¨ÜvÜ Bank, Shore
Vé… ÊÜáÃÜ Tree
IJ… ±ÜQÒ Bird
ghnmR>r hæãñæ¿áÈÉ K¨ÜáÊÜÊÜ Classmate
J«rî_F$Vw… ¸æàÔWæ PÝÆ Summer Season
ed
{Zam_`… BÃæãàWÜÂÊÜíñÜ Healthy Man
H¥$fH$… ÃæçñÜ Farmer
ish
{nV¥ì`… bPÜR±Ü³ Uncle
gwH¥${V… EñÜ¤ÊÜáPÝ¿áì Noble deed

re S
bl
Oam ÊÜáá±Üâ³ Old age
B
nd©{XZ_²> ÖÜŸº Festive day
pu
be T
{d¿Z_²> ñæãí¨ÜÃæ Obstacle

K
{jßËdm GÓæ¨Üá Having thrown

©
dËg… ±ÜâñÜÅ Son
AnwÌ… ÊÜáPÜRÚÆÉ¨ÜÊÜ®Üá Childless
Áòð>… ×Ä¿á Eldest
Kmof… ÍÜŸª Noise, Sound

AÃÜÓÜ, ÃÝg King
to
Z¥n…
à{Vdoer ®æÃæ¿á a neighbour
Öæàw, AígáŸáÃÜáPÜ Coward
t
^ré…
No
{ZVam_² ±Üä|ìÊÝX (ŸÖÜÙÜ) Completely
_whÿV©_² PÜÒ|, AÆ³PÝÆ Short while
Yy_… ÖæãWæ Smoke
{Ma_²> ŸÖÜÙÜPÝÆ For long
153
eÌw… ÊæçÄ Enemy
{dMjU… hÝn¯, Ÿá©œÊÜíñÜ learned; scholar

½bm{Z… ®ÝÍÜÊÝWÜáÊÜâ¨Üá decay, decline
g“… ²Åà£ / BÓÜQ¤ attachment
Y«wd_² ¯ÍÜc¿á Certain
ed
gå_moh…> ÓÜÊæã¾àÖÜ delusion
{d^«_… ©XÆá Fix, Confusion
ish
CXmgrZ… ¯ÐÜ³PÜÒ±Ý£ unconcerned
JVì`W…
re S ¨Üá@S CÆÉ©ÃÜáÊÜÊÜ®Üá free of agony
ñ_¥{V… ®æ®Ü±Üâ Memory
bl
B
AZnoj…pu BÓæ CÆÉ¨ÜÊÜ®Üá Free of wants
be T
AOò_²> ¯ÃÜíñÜÃÜ, GvÜ¹vÜ¨æ Continuously, Constant
ÍÜá¨Üœ, ±ÜËñÜÅ Holified, Sanshified
K
nyVm
hmg… ®ÜWÜá Laughter
©
VÝÐm ÓæãàÊÜÞÄñÜ®Ü, BÆÓÜÂ Lethargy

_¥J`m ¸æàpæ Hunting
VmbrnÌ_² ñÝÙæWÜÄ Palm leaf
Oå~ynmXn… ®æàÃÜÙæà ÊÜáÃÜ Roseapple tree
to
emIm pæãíWæ, (Pæãí¸æ) Branch

bL²>KZ_² ÖÝÃÜá Jump
ŸÈñÜ, ÊÜÞX¨Ü Riped
t
nŠd_²
No
{d_b_² ÍÜá¨Üœ Pure
154
3. àíZn[ÌH$m ñdê$n_² - A‘>m…-40
g‘>bZmË_H$_m¡ë`_mnZ_²-01
* g_w[MV_² CÎma§ H«$_mjaoU gh> [MÎdm [bIV & 51=5
* EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ [bIV & 51=5
ed
* íbmoH$VmËn`ª g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, AmL² ½b^mf`m,
ish
H$Um©Q>H$^mf`m dm CÎma§ [bIV & 12=2
* H$do… Xoe-H$mb-J«ÝWmZm§ [dfò [bIV &
re S 12=2
bl
* Am_²/ Z B[V [bIV & 12=2
B
pu
* MVwWª nX§ [bIV & 12=2
be TK
* aoIm[‘>VnX_² Adbåã` àíZ[Z_m©U§ Hw$éV & 12=2

©
* nÚ§ nya`V & 12=2

* [ZX}emZwgma_² CÎma§ [bIV & 13=3
* n#mf¡… dmŠ`¡… g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, AmL²> ½b^mf`m,
to
* g§ñH¥$V^mf`m AZwdmX§ Hw$éV & 13=3

t
* AmL²>½b^mf`m, H$Um©Q>H$^mf`m dm AZwdmX§ Hw$éV & 13=3

No
* nÌ§ [bIV & 13=3

* à~ÝY§ [bIV & 13=3
***
155
àíZn[ÌH$m ñdê$n_² - A‘>m…-40
g‘>bZmË_H$_m¡ë`_mnZ_²-02
* g_w[MV_² CÎma§ H«$_mjaoU gh> [MÎdm [bIV & 51=5
* EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ [bIV & 51=5
ed
* g[ÝY§ [d^Á` Zm_ [bIV & 12=2
ish
* H${dn[aM`§ Hw$éV & 12=2
* íbmoH$VmËn`ª g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, AmL²>½b^mf`m,
re S
bl
B
* Am_² / Z B{V {bIV & 12=2
pu
be T
* g§ñH¥$V^mf`m AZwdmX§ Hw$éV & 12=2

K
* AmL² ½b^mf`m, H$Um©Q>H$^mf`m dm AZwdmX§ Hw$éV & 12=2

©
* nÚ§ nya`V & 14=4

* [ZX}emZwgma_² CÎma§ [bIV & 13=3
* {b“ {d^{º$ dMZm{Z [bIV & 12=2
to
* n#mf¡… dmŠ`¡… g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, AmL²½b^mf`m,

t
No
* nÌ§ [bIV & 13=3

* à~ÝY§ [bIV & 13=3
***
156
AmH$aJ«ÝWm…
1. ghdmg… - gwJÝY… - g§ñH¥$V^maVr "Aja§' ~o“byé
2. {XZM`m© - àW_Xrjm - am{ï´>`g§ñH¥$V-g§ñWmZ_²>
3. MVwa… H$m{bXmg… - ^moOà~ÝY…
4. npÊS>V^mñH$a… - dmUrdmhZ… - S>m. Ama²> JUoe…
ed
5. VnmodZm{^J_Z_²> - H${dH$monH$bmn… - S>m. {dídmg…
ish
àW_: g§ñH¥$VkmZnrR>àepñVnwañH¥$V: S>m. gË`d«VemñÌr
re S
bl
- g_J«gm{hË`_² - 2009
B
pu
be TK
©
to
S>m. gË`d«VemñÌr
t
No
157
nmR>`moOZm
_mgm… nmR>m…
OyZ²> dUm©…, {XZM`m© g§»`m… M, ghdmg…
Owb¡ Zr{V~moY… (H$ÊR>>nmR>… H$aUr`…), gw~ÝVm…-1-6,
ed
Amamo½`^m½`_²>, {^jwH$ñ`ñdßZ…
AmJñQ²> OrdZgm\$ë`_², nÌboIZ_²>-1, {VL>ÝVm…- nañ_¡nXr,
ish
à~ÝY…1,2,
goßQ>oå~a²>
re S gw~ÝVm…(7-15), AZwdmX…(1-4) A¸$_hmXodr
bl
B
AŠQ>mo~a²
pu Jwd©ï>H$_²>, (H$ÊR>>nmR>… H$aUr`…)
be TK
Zdoå~a²> gpÝY…, (1,2) MVwa… H$m{bXmg…, Xwamem\$b_²>

©
{S>goå~a² gpÝY…(3,4,5) {gÕ^y{_… {gÕJ“m, nÌboIZ_²>-2,

AZwdmX…(5-8)
OZd[a npÊS>V^mñH$a…, g_mg…, EH$bì`ñ` Jwé^{º$…, à~ÝY… -
(3, 4), {VL>ÝVm…- AmË_ZonXr, {deofê$nm{U
to
\o$~«d[a VnmodZm{^J_Z_²>, na_H$mé{UH$… _h{f©…, àho{bH$m…,

dmŠàMZm H$m¡eb_²
t
No
_mM©² àíZmoÎmaboIZmä`mg…, nwZamdV©Z_²>
158
dÝXo ^maV_mVa_² &
dÝXo ^maV_mVa§ dX, ^maV & dÝXo _mVa_²
dÝXo _mVa_², dÝXo _mVa_², dÝXo _mVa_² &&
ed
OÝ_^y[a`§ dradamUm§ Ë`mJYZmZm§ YramUm_²
_mV¥^y_ò bmoH${hVm` M {ZË`g_{n©V{MÎmmZm_² &
ish
{OVH$monmZm§ H¥$VH¥$Ë`mZm§ {dÎm§ V¥UdX² ÑîQ>dVm_²
_mV¥godZmXmË_OrdZo gmW©H$Vm_mZrVdVm_² && 1 &&
re S
bl
J«m_o J«m_o H$_©Xo{eH$mñVËddo{XZmo Y_©aVm…
B
AW©gÄM`ñË`mJhoVwH$mo Y_©gå_V… H$m_ Bh &
pu
be T
Zûda~w{Õ… jUn[ad{V©{Z H$mò, AmË_Ý`mXaYr…

K
OmVmo `Ì {h ñdñ` OÝ_Zm YÝ`§ _Ý`V AmË_mZ_² && 2 &&

©
_mVñËdÎmmo {dÎm§ {MÎm§ ñdËd§ à{V^m Xoh~b_²

Zmh§ H$Vm©, H$ma`{g Ëd§, {Z…ñn¥hVm __ H$_©\$bo &
A{n©V_oVÁOrdZnwîn§ _mVñVd ew^nmXVbo
ZmÝ`mo _ÝÌmo ZmÝ`{MÝVZ§ ZmÝ`Ôoe{hVm{Õ G$Vo && 3 &&
to
-OZmX©Z hoJS>o
t
No
159

8th Language Sanskrit 1

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8th Language Sanskrit 1

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H$Zm©Q>H$àemgZ_²

FIRST LANGUAGE - SANSKRIT

KARNATAKA TEXTBOOK SOCIETY (R)

• Making examinations flexible and integrating them with

• Caring concerns within the democratic policy of the country

• Make education relevant to the present and future needs.

approaches namely, Constructive approach, Spiral Approach and

skills and competencies. The materials presented in these books

Prof. G. S. Mudambadithaya Nagendra Kumar

Co-ordinator Managing Director

4. íbmoH$VmËn`ª {bIV, n#mf¡… dmŠ`¡… CÎma§ {bIV, nyaH$nmR>ñ` àíZm…, _mV¥^mf`m

Ho$db_²> Aä`mgmW©_²> EdŸ& narjmdgao V{Ûf`o àým… Z¡d àï>ì`m…Ÿ&

6) lr gwaoe d¡Ú…, {MÌH$bm{ejH$…, lr dY©_mZ{hÝXràm¡T>embm, am`Myé.

S>mŸ&& ZmJaËZm hoJS>o, g§ñH¥$VmonÝ`m{gH$m, gwamZm _hm{dÚmb`…, ~gdZJw{S>, ~o“byé.

àmo. {O.Eg²>. _wSå~{S>Îmm`…, >H$.n.nw.g”…, ~o“byé.

lr ZmJ|Ð Hw$_ma, ì`dñWmnH$ {ZX©oeH$…, H$.n.nw.g”…[a, ~o“byé.

to the responsible committees to examine and review text and even

was passed on 19-9-2015 which also give freedom even to re-write

rectified. Before rectification we had exchanged ideas by arranging

with teachers, subject inspectors and DIET Principals. Analytical

opinions had been collected. To the subject experts of science, social

once given to higher expert committees for examination and their

Finally, we express our grateful thanks to those who strived in

experts and to the associations who gave valuable suggestions.

H.N. Gopalakrishna Prof. Baraguru Ramachandrappa

Managing Director Chairman-in-Chief

àm¡T>embm, Oo.[n. ZJa ~|Jiÿ>é.

4. S>m.amKdoÝÐ ^Å>: Š`mX{J, g§ñH¥$V [ejH$…, gd©H$mar` àm¡T>embm, gma{¸$,

5. lr h>OaV² Abr. `w,CnÝ`mgH$…, b[bV H$bm [d^mJ. Vw_Hy$é [dœ [dÚmb`,

lr hoM².EZ². JmonmbH¥$îU…, ì`dñWmnH${ZX}eH$:, H$.n.nw.g”:([a), ~o“byé&

9. Zd_… nmR>… gpÝY… 64

11. EH$mXe… nmR>… Xwamem\$b_² 78

15. n#mXe… nmR>… VnmodZm{^J_Z_² 100

17. gáXe… nmR>… {VL>ÝVm… 121

18. Aï>mXe… nmR>… nÌboIZ_² 131

na§ {ZJw©U§ {Z{d©eof§ {Zarh§

na~«÷ê$n§ JUoe§ ^Oo_ Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

na~«÷ê$n§ JUoe§ ^Oo_Ÿ&& 2Ÿ&&

ñdVÝÌV`m CÀMm`©_mUm… dUm©… "ñdam…'Ÿ&

Q>² R>² S>² T>² U²

\$² ^² ApÝV_m{Z MËdm[a Ajam{U MŸ&

H¥$ËñZ§ ì`mH$aU§ àmoŠV§ Vñ_¡ nm{UZ`o Z_…Ÿ&&

3. E, Amo, L²> 4. Eo, Am¡, M²>

AZoH$ì`ÄOZg§`moJmV²> g§`wŠVmja§ ^d{VŸ&

ûcmoH$…= e²> + b² + Amo = ûcmo kmZ_²>- O²> + Äm² + Am = km

Ðm¡nXr = X²> + a² + Am¡ = Ðm¡ Jm`Ìr = V²> + a² + B© = Ìr

BÝÐ… = Z²> + X²> + a² + A… = ÝÐ…

1. a²> + Am + _²> + Am + `² + A + U² + A + _² = ............

3. AënàmU-_hmàmUmjam{U n¥WH$²> Hw$éVŸ&

H$_b_²> bmoMZ_²> ZJa_²> gXZ_²>

II. H$ - M - Q> - V - n dJu`dUm©Z²> {bIVŸ&

O²> + Äm> = k - kmZ_²> ......... ......... .........

f²> + R>> = ð> - fð>… ......... ......... .........

V²> + W = ËW$ - CËWmZ_²> ......... ......... .........

Z²> + X = ÝX$ - MÝXZ_²> ......... ......... .........

X²> + Y = Õ - `moÕm ......... ......... .........

e²> + d = œ$ - Aœ…> ......... ......... .........

H$²> + f = j$ - ajm ......... ......... .........

a²> + f = f©$ - hf©… ......... ......... .........

~m¡Õm ~wÕ B{V à_mUnQ>d… H$V}{V Z¡`m{`H$m…Ÿ&

Ah©{ÞË`W O¡ZemgZaVm… H$_}{V _r_m§gH$m…

gmY©fS²>dmXZo ñZmZ§ H$amo{_Ÿ& AZÝVa§

nmR>§ nR>m{_Ÿ& J¥hH$m`ª H$amo{_Ÿ&

n#mm{YH$ZddmXZo {dÚmb`§ JÀN>m{_Ÿ&