DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

UNIMAP

LABORATORY REPORT
PTT 255 / REACTION ENGINEERING

No. of Experiment & Title:

Group Number & Students Name:

Lecturers/PVL’s Name:

Program: RY

PTT 255/2019/2020-2
PTT 255/2019/2020-2
3. Methodology:

PTT 255/2019/2020-2
4. RESULTS:

7.1 Conductivity values of Q1, Q2 and Q3

Time(min) Q1(mS/cm) Q2(mS/cm) Q3(mS/cm)

1 0.0 0.0 0.03
2 0.09 0.0 0.01
3 0.47 0.02 0.01
4 0.70 0.09 0.0
5 0.63 0.17 0.04
6 0.54 0.24 0.07
7 0.49 0.28 0.1
8 0.41 0.30 0.13
9 0.39 0.32 0.17
10 0.31 0.30 0.20
11 0.26 0.33 0.21
12 0.24 0.36 0.22
13 0.20 0.30 0.24
14 0.16 0.28 0.26
15 0.14 0.28 0.27
16 0.11 0.29 0.26
17 0.08 0.24 0.23
18 0.07 0.24 0.28
19 0.06 0.22 0.27
20 0.04 0.19 0.26
21 0.02 0.19 0.23
22 0.02 0.16 0.26
23 0.14 0.25
24 0.13 0.24
25 0.13 0.21
26 0.13 0.22
27 0.12 0.17
28 0.08 0.20
29 0.08 0.18
30 0.04 0.17
31 0.04 0.14
32 0.07 0.12
33 0.04 0.10
34 0.03 0.15
35 0.02 0.12
36 0.02 0.08
37 0.07
38 0.08
39 0.07
40 0.07
41 0.06
42 0.04
43 0.02
PTT 255/2019/2020-2
 44 0.03

7.2 Plot a graph of conductivity values

Conductivity values(Q1,Q2,Q3) vs time(min)

0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Q1 (ms/cm) Q2 (ms/cm) Q3 (ms/cm)

7.3Calculate the value of the integral∫ C ( t ) dt

0

Q1

1
[ 0+ 4 ( 0.09 ) +2 ( 0.47 ) + 4 ( 0.7 ) +2 ( 0.63 ) + 4 ( 0.54 ) +2 ( 0.49 ) + 4 ( 0.41 ) +2 ( 0.39 )+ 4 ( 0.31 ) +2 ( 0.26 ) + 4 ( 0.24 )+ 2 ( 0.2 ) + 4 ( 0.16
3

=5.39

Q2

1
[ 0+ 4 ( 0 ) +2 ( 0.02 ) +4 ( 0.09 ) +2 ( 0.17 ) +4 ( 0.24 ) +2 ( 0.28 ) +4 ( 0.3 ) +2 ( 0.32 )+ 4 ( 0.3 ) +2 ( 0.33 ) + 4 ( 0.36 ) +2 ( 0.3 ) + 4 ( 0.28 ) +2
3

=5.86

Q3

1
¿
3

=6.32

7.4 Calculate the values of E(t).

PTT 255/2019/2020-2
 C(t )
E ( t )= ∞
∫ C ( t ) dt
0

Time(min) E(t)1 E(t)2 E(t)3

1 0 0 0
2 0.02 0 0
3 0.09 0 0
4 0.13 0.02 0
5 0.12 0.03 0.01
6 0.10 0.04 0.01
7 0.09 0.05 0.02
8 0.09 0.05 0.02
9 0.07 0.05 0.03
10 0.06 0.05 0.03
11 0.05 0.06 0.03
12 0.04 0.06 0.03
13 0.04 0.05 0.04
14 0.03 0.05 0.04
15 0.03 0.05 0.04
16 0.02 0.05 0.04
17 0.01 0.04 0.04
18 0.01 0.04 0.04
19 0.01 0.04 0.04
20 0.01 0.03 0.04
21 0 0.03 0.04
22 0 0.03 0.04
23 0.02 0.04
24 0.02 0.04
25 0.02 0.03
26 0.02 0.03
27 0.02 0.03
28 0.01 0.03
29 0.01 0.03
30 0.01 0.03
31 0.01 0.02
32 0.01 0.02
33 0.01 0.02
34 0.0 0.02
35 0.0 0.02
36 0.01
37 0.01
38 0.01
39 0.01
40 0.01
41 0.01
42 0.01

PTT 255/2019/2020-2
 43 0.0
44 0.0

7.5 Plot E(t) as a function of time

E(t) vs time(min)
0.14

0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

E(t)1 E(t)2 E(t)3

7.6 Calculate the following:

a) Mean residence time

∞
t m=∫ tE ( t ) dt
0

E(t)1=
[1(0)+2(0.02)+3(0.09)+4(0.13)+5(0.12)+6(0.10)+7(0.09)+8(0.08)+9(0.07)+10(0.06)+11(0.05)+12(0.04)+

13(0.040)+14(0.03)+15(0.03)+16(0.02)+17(0.01)+18(0.01)+19(0.01)+20(0.01)+21(0)+22(0)]

=12.96

Et2

[1(0)+2(0)+3(0)+4(0.02)+5(0.03)+6(0.04)+7(0.05)+8(0.05)+9(0.05)+10(0.05)+11(0.06)+12(0.06)+13(0.05)
+

14(0.05)+15(0.05)+16(0.05)+17(0.04)+18(0.04)+19(0.04)+20(0.03)+21(0.03)+22(0.03)+24(0.02)+25(0.02)
+

26(0.02)+27(0.02)+28(0.01)+29(0.01)+30(0.01)+31(0.01)+32(0.01)+33(0.01)+0+0]

=14.83

Et3

PTT 255/2019/2020-2
[1(0)+2(0)+3(0)+4(0)+5(0.01)+6(0.01)+7(0.02)+8(0.02)+9(0.03)+10(0.03)+11(0.03)+12(0.03)+13(0.03)

14(0.04)+15(0.04)+16(0.04)17(0.04)18(0.04)+19(0.04)+20(0.04)+21(0.04)+22(0.04)+23(0.04)+24(0.04)+

25(0.03)+26(0.03)+27(0.03)+28(0.03)+29(0.03)+30(0.03)+31(0.02)+32(0.02)+33(0.03)+34(0.02)+35(0.02)

+36(0.01)+37(0.01)+38(0.01)+39(0.01)+40(0.01)+41(0.01)+42(0.01)+0+0]

=26.49

b) Second moment, variance

∞
σ 2=∫ (t−t m )2E(t) dt
0

∞
2
σ =∫ (22−12.96)2
0

Time(min) σ 21 σ 22 σ 23
1 0 0 0
2 4.925 0 0
3 22.16 0 0
4 32.01 71.37 0
5 29.55 107.06 99.69
6 24.63 142.75 99.69
7 22.16 178.44 199.38
8 22.16 178.44 199.38
9 17.24 178.44 299.06
10 14.7 178.44 299.06
11 12.31 214.12 299.06
12 9.85 214.12 299.06
13 9.85 178.44 398.75
14 7.39 178.44 398.75
15 7.39 178.44 398.75
16 4.93 178.44 398.75
17 2.46 142.75 398.75
18 2.46 142.75 398.75
19 2.46 142.75 398.75
20 2.46 107.06 398.75
21 0 107.06 398.75
22 0 107.06 398.75
23 71.37 398.75
24 71.37 398.75
25 71.37 299.06
26 71.37 299.06
27 71.37 299.06

PTT 255/2019/2020-2
 28 35.69 299.06
29 35.69 299.06
30 35.69 299.06
31 35.69 199.38
32 35.69 199.38
33 35.69 199.38
34 0.0 199.38
35 0.0 199.38
36 99.69
37 99.69
38 99.69
39 99.69
40 99.69
41 99.69
42 99.69
43 0.0
44 0.0
Total 251.10 3461.67 10068.47

c) Third moment, skewness

∞
3 1
S= 3∫ (t−t m) 3
E(t)dt
2 0
σ
3 3 3
Time(min) 21 22 23
σ σ σ
1 0 0 0
2 5.46 0 0
3 52.16 0 0
4 90.55 301.46 0
5 80.32 553.87 497.68
6 61.12 852.77 497.68
7 52.16 1191.81 1407.64
8 52.16 1191.81 1407.64
9 35.79 1191.81 2585.87
10 28.18 1191.81 2585.87
11 21.60 1566.59 2585.87
12 15.46 1566.59 2585.87
13 15.46 1191.81 3981.26
14 10.04 1191.81 3981.26
15 10.04 1191.81 3981.26
16 5.47 1191.81 3981.26
17 1.93 852.77 3981.26
18 1.93 852.77 3981.26
19 1.93 852.77 3981.26
20 1.93 553.87 3981.26
21 0 553.87 3981.26
PTT 255/2019/2020-2
22 0 553.87 3981.26
23 301.47 3981.26
24 301.47 3981.26
25 301.47 2585.87
26 301.47 2585.87
27 301.47 2585.87
28 106.61 2585.87
29 106.61 2585.87
30 106.61 2585.87
31 106.61 1407.64
32 106.61 1407.64
33 106.61 1407.64
34 0.0 1407.64
35 0.0 1407.64
36 497.68
37 497.68
38 497.68
39 497.68
40 497.68
41 497.68
42 497.68
43 0.0
44 0.0

∞
3 1
S= 3∫ (t−t m) 3
E(t)dt
2 0
σ

Time(min) S31 S32 S33

1 0 0 0
2 6.12 0 0
3 2.88 0 0
4 2.40 2.75 0
5 2.49 2.24 0.47
6 2.73 1.94 0.47
7 2.88 1.74 0.33
8 2.56 1.74 0.33
9 3.27 1.74 0.27
10 3.55 1.74 0.27
11 3.86 1.58 0.27
12 4.32 1.58 0.27
13 4.32 1.74 0.24
14 4.99 1.74 0.24
15 4.99 1.74 0.24
16 6.10 1.74 0.24
17 8.65 1.94 0.24
18 8.65 1.94 0.24
PTT 255/2019/2020-2
19 8.65 1.94 0.24
20 8.65 2.24 0.24
21 0 2.24 0.24
22 0 2.24 0.24
23 2.75 0.24
24 2.75 0.24
25 2.75 0.27
26 2.75 0.27
27 2.75 0.27
28 3.88 0.27
29 3.88 0.27
30 3.88 0.27
31 3.88 0.33
32 3.88 0.33
33 3.88 0.33
34 0.0 0.33
35 0.0 0.33
36 0.47
37 0.47
38 0.47
39 0.47
40 0.47
41 0.47
42 0.47
43 0.0
44 0.0
Total 92.06 73.558 12.12

PTT 255/2019/2020-2
 Prepared by : Megat Danish Qusyairi bin Rozelan

5. DISCUSSION:

PTT 255/2019/2020-2
6. CONCLUSION:

7. REFERENCES:

PTT 255/2019/2020-2