ACTIVITIES GUIDE AND EVALUATION RUBRIC – TASK 1.

Luis Manuel Fonseca Palomino

Código: 77.192.697

Grupo:
203058_

Tutor:

Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia

Escuela: ciencias Básicas Tecnologías e Ingeniería
Curso: Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas
Valledupar
2020
 INTRODUCTION

In this activity, everything related to the propagation of electromagnetic waves,

their means of propagation and the loss tangent will be developed, as well as their
relationship with the parameters, the means by which the wave propagates and its
parameters.
The method to characterize an electromagnetic wave when it propagates in an
open environment will be established.
The tangent of losses Tan (δ) and the angle of losses δ of the medium provided in
the table proposed by the tutor will be calculated.
 Activities to develop

For the development of this activity, explore in the Knowledge Environment, in Unit
1, the bibliographical reference of Chen, W. (2005), on pages 513-519, supplement
with the aids generated by the tutor within the forum, to solve the following
consultation and application exercises:
Questions: (write with your own words)

1. What do you mean propagation medium open for electromagnetic

waves?
the energy moves to distant points and the disturbance marches through the
medium without the whole one suffering any permanent displacement.
The wave movement consists in the propagation of a physical property or a
disturbance (variation of some physical magnitude) described by a certain field,
through a medium.
The field that describes the physical property can be:
• An electromagnetic field (case of electromagnetic waves).

2. Within the propagation mediums, what is mean by the tangent of

losses?
The loss tangent is defined as the relationship between the conduction and the
displacement current in a specific medium is constant σ / wε whose value depends
on the parameters of the medium and the frequency of the applied signal.

3. Of what physical variables does the value of the tangent of losses

depend?
It depends on the parameters of the medium σ (S / m) and the frequency
4. How are the propagation medium classified from the tangent of
losses?
They are classified as follows:
 Perfect dielectric when tan(δ)=0
 Perfect conductors Tan (δ )=∞
+¿ ¿
 Good insulators Tan (δ )=0
 Good drivers tan(δ )=∞
 Dissipative dielectrics 0< δ < π /2
5. What are the propagation parameters of the waves through a medium?

A wave is a disturbance that propagates through a certain medium or in a vacuum,

with transport of energy, but without transport of matter. It is easy to imagine a type
of waves, which we call transverse, such as those that occur on the surface of a
pond when we drop a stone on the water, in which a disturbance or vibration
occurs in a direction perpendicular to the propagation of the wave.
The magnitudes or parameters characteristic of wave motion are:
• The amplitude: is the maximum elongation or, what is the same, the maximum
distance of any point of the measured wave with respect to its equilibrium position.
Its symbol is A and is expressed in units of length (m).
• The wavelength: is the distance between two successive points that are in the
same state of vibration (same elongation, speed, acceleration ...). It is symbolized
by the Greek letter λ (lambda) and is expressed in units of length (m).
Application exercise:
The following 5-step exercise describes the method to characterize an
electromagnetic wave when propagating in an open environment, for which, each
student must choose 1 propagation media of the 5 proposed in Table 1 and
announce it within the forum Task 1 to avoid repetition.

Table 1: Conductivity σ and electrical permittivity ε rof some media.

Media σ [S /m] εr [ ]
1. Copper 5.80 x 107 1
2. Sea water 4 80
3. Vegetable soil 1.00 x 10−2 14
4. Dry soil 1.00 x 10−4 3
5. Sweet water 1.00 x 10−3 80
−12 2 2
ε o=8.8542 x 10 C / N m

1. Calculate the tangent of losses Tan (δ) and the angle of losses δ of the
medium chosen in Table 1, if through it travel an electromagnetic wave E of
frequency f =CCC MHz. Note that CCC are the first 3 digits of your
identification number:
 Luis Manuel Fonseca Palomino
 Código: 77.192.697

σ σ
tan ( δ )= =
ω ε 2 πf ε r ε o
Sea water
σ (4)
tan ( δ )= =
ω ε 2 π (771)(80)( 8.8542 x 10−12 C 2 /N m 2 )

tan ( δ )=1.1657 x 106

δ =tan−1 ( 1.1657 x 106 ) =99.99 °

 2. According to the result obtained in point 1, classify the behavior of the
chosen medium according to one of the 5 options in Table 2:
Table 2: Classification of propagation media.
Media Tan(δ) δ [°]
1. Perfect dielectrics (Not dissipative) Tan(δ) = 0 δ = 0°

2. Good insulators (Lost low dielectric) 0 < Tan(δ) <= 0,1 0° < δ <= 6°

3. Dissipative dielectrics (Dielectrics with losses) 0,1 < Tan(δ) <= 10 6° < δ <= 84°

4. Good conductors (Good conductors) Tan(δ) > 10 84°< δ < 90°

5. Perfect conductors (Perfect conductors) Tan(δ) >>> 10 δ = 90°

RTA:
According to the results, it is necessary to: Sweet toilet belongs to Good
Conductors why Tan (δ )>10 and 84 ° < δ <90 ° , for this case it is necessary that
tan(δ )=1.1657 x 106 and δ =99.99 °

3. According to the classification obtained in point 2 and using Table 3 shown

below, calculate the following propagation parameters of the wave in the
chosen medium:
a. Propagation constant  (gamma).
b. Attenuation constant  (Alpha).
c. Phase constant  (Beta).
d. Intrinsic impedance  (Eta).
2. Table 3: Propagation parameters in open media.
Not Lost low Dielectrics with Good
Parameter
dissipative dielectric losses conductors

 jω √ με jω √ με √ jωμ(σ + j ωε) √ jω σ μo
 0 ση/2 ℜ¿) √ πf σ μ o
 ω √ με ω √ με ℑ() √ πf σ μ o
 √ μ/ε √ μ/ε √ jω μ/(σ+ j ωε) √ jω μo /σ

¿ √ jω σ μ o

¿ √ j(2 π∗771)(1.00 x 10−3 )(4 πx 10−7 ) ¿ √ πf σ μo

¿ 0.1103+ 0.1103 i ¿ √ π (771)( 4)(4 πx 10−7 )

¿ 0.1560( 0.7854 °) ¿ 0.1103
¿ √ πf σ μo ¿ √ jω μ o /σ

¿ √ π (771)( 4)(4 πx 10−7 ) ¿ √ ( j ( 2 π∗771 ) ( 4 πx 10 −7

) ) /(4)
¿ 0.1103 ¿ 0.0276+0.0276 i
¿ 0.0390(0.7854 °)

4. According to the results obtained in point 3 and using the following

equations, calculate the propagation characteristics of the wave in the
chosen medium:
a. Propagation speed v p .
b. Wavelength λ.
c. Speed factor f v .
d. Refractive index n.

w vp
V p= f v=
β Co
(2 π∗771) 4.3920 x 104 m/s
V p= =4.3920 x 104 m/s f v=
0.1103 3 ×108 m/ s ¿=1.4640e-04 ¿

1
2π n=
λ= fv
β
1
λ=
2π
=56.9645 m n= −3
=6.8307 x 103
0.1103 9.49 x 10

5. According to the parameters obtained in the previous points and knowing

that the maximum value of the E wave is 120 V /m, calculate:
a. The penetration depth of the δ pwave in the medium.
b. The power Po transmitted by the wave in the medium.
c. The % lossesof wave amplitude per unit length.

1
¿
¿∨¿ ¿
1
δ p=
¿ 0.1103∨¿=9.0662¿
 ( 120 )2
Po = 3
=1.0541 w /m2
2(6.8307 x 10 )

%perdida=( 1−e−2∗0.1103 )∗100 %=19.79 %

 CONCLUSIONS

We can describe electromagnetic radiation by its amplitude (brightness), its

wavelength, its frequency and its period. We have seen how the frequency of a
light wave is proportional to its energy.
In every wave a period, an amplitude, a frequency, a wavelength and a speed act,
that is, time, width, length, speed and place are present.
The longitudinal wave differs from the transverse one since it has a movement of
particles parallel to the direction of propagation, very contrary to the transverse
wave whose movement is characterized by being perpendicular to the direction of
propagation.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Alonso, Marcelo y Edward J. Finn (1976). Física. Fondo Educativo

Interamericano.
 Feynman, Richard (1974). Feynman lectures on Physics Volume 2 (en
inglés). Addison Wesley Longman.
 Rojas, Olivo. «SOBRE LA FORMA DE LAS ONDAS
ELECTROMAGNETICAS». Revista Con-Ciencia.
 Martínez-Búrdalo, M.; Martín, A.; Sanchis, A.; Villar, R. (2009-2). «FDTD
assessment of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from WiFi and
bluetooth devices in some operating situations». Bioelectromagnetics (en
inglés) 30 (2): 142-151. doi:10.1002/bem.20455.