ASSIGNMENT

SUBMITTED TO: - SUBMITTED BY: -

Prof. MINATI DAS RAKESH KUMAR

Head of department P.Tech (2nd-SEM)

Petroleum Technology Roll no. - 17

 Buildup test analysis for vertically fractured reservoirs
Infinite-Conductivity or Uniform Flux Vertical Fracture
To improve the productivity of a well, there are 2 basic choices; acidizing or fracturing. There
are many factors to consider when selecting a stimulation treatment, but the general rule is ‘high
permeability, acidize, low permeability, fracture’. To acidize, you need injectivity, so that the
fluid will enter the formation without too much difficulty. To fracture a well, the opposite is true;
you need to pump fluid against a high resistance, so that the bottomhole pressure rises above the
formation breakdown pressure and the rock cracks. Once the fracture is initiated, the key is to
maintain a high bottomhole pressure by pumping rapidly, so that the fracture propagates away
from the wellbore. During the treatment a ‘proppant’ is included in the injection fluid, so that
when pumping stops the fracture faces cannot close back together. Rock mechanics suggests that
the fracture is always a ‘bi-wing’ symmetrical geometry, although our assumption in well testing
that the fracture wings are 2 perfect rectangles is an oversimplification:

Infinite-Conductivity Vertical Fracture

The high conductivity fracture model can be divided into 2 sub-categories:
• Infinite-Conductivity Fracture:-Assumes that there is no pressure drop along the fracture.
• Uniform Flux Fracture:-Assumes a uniform production per unit length of fracture.

This study is made for finite (as the boundary effects can be observed during test) reservoirs that
are assumed to be at uniform pressure developed for a constant-rate drawdown test for a slightly
compressible liquid. It can also be used for buildup tests where wellbore storage effects are
ignored.
Dimensionless variables:-

kh
Pressure: - pD = 141.2qBµΔp

.000264kt
Time: - tD = Δt
ΦµCtrw2
Gringarten type of curve is used for vertically fractured well centered in closed square with no
wellbore storage and has uniform flux. It is a log-log plot of PD vs. tDrW2/Lf2 with parameter xe/Lf
In these parameters, Lf is the fracture half-length and xe is the distance from the well to the side
of the square drainage area in which it is assumed to be centered.

For fractured wells this type curve is used to find the permeability and fracture length (i.e. Lf).
To find these variables we have to use type curve matching technique by using the graph got by
plotting buildup test data. The following steps are to be followed: -

1. Plot ( pws-pwf) vs. Δt as abscissa on a 3*5 cycle log-log paper from buildup test data if
the type curve is distorted one otherwise use tracing paper.
2. Try to match the actual test data plot with it by sliding it horizontally and vertically.
3. Observe and notedown the pressure and time matching points.
4. Estimate the formation permeability by pressure match point using this equation,

5. Finally, estimate the fracture length by time match point using,

If a well test data shows it is a finite acting reservoir the Xe can be estimated from matching
parameters and can be used to check the quality of the match by comparing the assumed value of
Xe.

CASE STUDY: Buildup test analysis for a vertically fractured well.

Given data:-

BUILDUP TEST DATA: -

By plotting the actual buildup test data and matching it with gringarten type curve we get,
 From the pressure match point;

From the time match point;

Hence, the permeability of the formation is 4.5 md and the fracture length is 59.7 ft.